Thuyetminh Minh

Thit k mn hc Nn v Mng B mn a K thut
PHN I
BO CO KHO ST A CHT CNG TRNH
Nguyn Vn Minh Vt liu & Cng ngh xy dng Giao thng K49
1
1. Cu trc a cht khu vc xy dng.
M t s b cu to a cht khu vc:
Ti l khoan BH1, khoan xung cao l - 34m, gp 3 lp t nh sau:
Lp 1:
Lp 1 l lp bn st, c mu xm, xm en, ln hu c. Chiu dy ca lp xc
nh c BH1 l 5.30 m, cao mt lp l 0.00m, cao y l -5.30 m. Lp
t c m W = 59.1%, bo ha S
r
= 98.4%. Lp t trng thi chy, c
st I
L
= 1.14
Lp 2:
Lp 2 l lp st mu xm vng, trng thi do cng, phn b di lp 1. Chiu
dy ca lp l 15.40 m, cao mt lp l -5.30m, cao y l -20.70m. Lp t
c m W = 29.7%, bo ha S
r
= 98.8%. Lp t trng thi do cng, c
st I
L
= 0.33
Lp 3:
Lp th 3 gp BH1 l lp st, mu xm vng, xm xanh, nu loang l,
trng thi na cng, phn b di lp 2. Chiu dy ca lp l 13.3 m, cao mt
lp l -20.7 m, cao y lp l -34.00. Lp t c m W = 21.5%, bo ha
S
r
= 97.2%. Lp t trng thi na cng, c st I
L
= 0.14.
2. Nhn xt v kin ngh
Theo ti liu kho st a cht cng trnh, phm vi nghin cu v qui m cng
trnh d kin xy dng, em xin c mt s nhn xt v kin ngh sau:
Nhn xt:
+ iu kin a cht cng trnh trong phm vi kho st nhn chung l kh
phc tp, c nhiu lp t phn b v thay i kh phc tp.
+ Lp t s 1 l lp t yu do ch s xuyn tiu chun v sc chu ti nh,
lp 2, 3 c tr s SPT v sc chu ti kh cao. (Lp 2: I
L
= 0.33; SPT > 15; Lp 3:
I
L
= 0.14, SPT cao)
+ Lp t s 1 d b ln st khi xy dng tr cu ti y.
Kin ngh
+ Vi cc c im a cht cng trnh ti y, nn s dng gii php mng
cc ma st bng BTCT cho cng trnh cu v ly lp t s 3 lm tng ta cc.
+ Nn cho cc ngp su vo lp t s 3 tn dng kh nng chu ma st
ca cc.
2
PHN II
THIT K K THUT
3
1. La chn kch thc cng trnh v b tr cc trong mng
1.1. La chn kch thc v cao b mng, mi cc.
1.1.1. Cao nh tr (CT).
V tr xy dng tr cu xa b v phi m bo thng thuyn v s thay i
mc nc gia MNCN v MNTN l tng i cao. Xt c iu kin m quan trn
sng, ta chn cc gi tr cao nh sau:
Cao nh tr CT chn nh sau:
. 3 . 0
1
max m
H MNTT
m MNCN
tt

'
+
+
Trong :
+ MNCN: Mc nc cao nht, MNCN = 7,1 m
+ MNTT: Mc nc thng thuyn, MNTT = 4,4 m
+
tt
H
: Chiu cao thng thuyn,
tt
H
= 3,5 m
Ta c :
CT = max(7,1 + 1; 4,4 + 3,5) 0.3 = max(8,1;7,9)0,3=8, 0,3 = 7,8 m
Vy: CT = + 7,8 m
1.1.2. Cao nh b (CB).
CB
MNTN - 0.5m
MNTN = 2,7 m
CB
2,7 - 0,5 = 2,2 m

Vy Chn cao nh b l: CB = + 2,0 m
1.1.3. Cao y b.
Cao y b = CB - H
b
Trong : H
b
: Chiu dy b mng (H
b
=1.5 2 m m ). Chn H
b
= 2 m.
Cao y b = 2,0 - 2 = + 0 m
4
Vy chn cc thng s thit k nh sau:
Hnh 2: Tng hp cc thng s thit k
Cao nh tr: CT = + 7.8 m
Cao nh b: CB = + 2,0 m
Cao y b l: CAB = +0,0 m
B dy b mng: H
b
= 2 m.
Chiu dy m tr: CDMT = 0,8 + 0,6 = 1,4 m
1.1.4. Chn kch thc v cao mi cc.
Chn cc b tng ct thp c sn, cc c kch thc l 0.45x0.45m; c
ng vo lp s 3 l lp st trng thi na cng. Ngoi ra mi cc c t vo
trong lp t chu lc ti thiu l 5d = 5.0,45 = 2,25 m
Vy, chn cao mi cc l 30,0 m
Nh vy cc c ng vo trong lp t 3 c chiu su l 9,30 m
5
Chiu di ca cc (L
c
) c xc nh nh sau:
L
c
= CB - H
b
- CMC
L
c
= 2,0 - 2.0 - (- 30.0) = 30 m.
Trong :
CB = 2,0 m: Cao nh b
H
b
= 2,0 m: Chiu dy b mng
CMC = - 30,0 m: Cao mi cc
Kim tra:
70 67 . 66
45 . 0
30

d
c
L

=> Tho mn yu cu v mnh.
Tng chiu di c cc s l: L
cd
= L
c
+ 1m = 30 + 1m = 31m. Cc c t
hp t 3 t cc vi tng chiu di c cc l: 31 m = (2 x 10 + 11)m. Nh vy
hai t thn cc chiu di l 10m v t mi c chiu di 11m. Cc t cc s
c ni vi nhau bng hn trong qu trnh thi cng ng cc.
2. Lp t hp ti trng tc ti nh b vi MNTN
2.1. Tnh ton th tch tr
2.1.1. Tnh chiu cao thn tr
Chiu cao thn tr H
tr
:
H
tr
= CT - CB - CDMT.
H
tr
= 7,8 2,0 - 1.4 = 4,4 m.
Trong : Cao nh tr: CT = +7,8 m
Cao nh b: CB = + 2.0 m
Chiu dy m tr: CDMT = 0.8 + 0.6 = 1.4 m.
6
2.1.2. Th tch ton phn (khng k b cc).
Hnh 3: Phn chia tnh th tch tr
Th tch tr ton phn V
tr
:
V
tr
= V
1
+ V
2
+ V
3

V
1
= 0,8 . 0,8 .1,7 = 10,88 m
3
V
2
= 2.(1/2 . 1,5 . 0,6) .1,7 + (8 2 . 1,5). 1,7 = 6,63 m
3
V
1
= (.1,2
2
/4 + (4,5 1,2) .1,2). 4,4 = 22,4 m
3
Vy V
tr
= V
1
+ V
2
+ V
3
= 10,88 + 6,63 + 22,4 = 39,91 m
3
2.1.2. Th tch phn tr ngp nc (khng k b cc), ng vi (MNTN CB)
Th tch tr ngp nc V
tn
:
V
tn
= S
tr
x (MNTN - CB)
=
2
1, 2
3
( (4, 5 1, 2) 1, 2) (2, 7 2, 0) 3, 564
4
m

+
Trong : MNTN = +2,7 m: Mc nc thp nht.
CB = +2,0m: Cao nh b.
S
tr
: Din tch mt ct ngang thn tr, m
2
.
7
2.2. Lp cc t hp ti trng thit k vi MNTN
Tin hnh Tnh cc ti trng: Thng ng, lc ngang v mmen i vi mt
ct nh b ng vi mt ct t nhin. bi cho ta Ti trng TTGHSD ta phi
tip tc tnh TTGHC
Bng 1: T hp ti trng thit k vi MNTN
Ti trng n v TTSD
o
t
N - Tnh ti thng ng kN 6200
o
h
N - Hot ti thng ng kN 4500
h
H - Hot ti nm ngang kN 130
o
M
- Hot ti mmen kN.m 800
H s ti trng: Hot ti: n = 1,75
Tnh ti: n = 1,25
bt
= 24,50 (kN/m
3
): Trng lng ring ca b tng.
n
= 9,81 (kN/m
3
): Trng lng ring ca nc
2.2.1. T hp ti trng theo phng ngang TTGHSD.
Ti trng thng ng tiu chun ngang cu: N
tt
( . ) .
tc o o
h t bt tr n tn
N N N V V + +
tc
N 4500 + (6200 + 24,50 . 39,91) 9,81. 3,564 = 11642,382 kN
Ti trng ngang tiu chun ngang cu:
H
tc
= H
o
= 130 kN
Mmen tiu chun ngang cu:
.
tc o o
h
M M H + (CT CB)
800 130(7,8 2, 0)
tc
M + = 1554 kN.m
8
2.2.2. T hp ti trng theo phng ngang cu TTGHC.
Ti trng thng ng tnh ton ngang cu
1, 75. 1, 25.( . ) .
tt o o
N N N V V
n t tr tn
h bt
+ +
1, 75.4500 1, 25.(6200 24, 50 39.91) 9.81.3, 564
tt
N + +
tt
N 16812,281 kN
Ti trng ngang tnh ton ngang cu:
H
tt
= 1,75.
o
h
H

= 1,75.130 = 227,5 kN.
Mmen tnh ton ngang cu:
1, 75. 1, 75. .
tt o o
h
M M H + (CT CB)
1, 75.800 1, 75.130.(7,8 2, 0)
tt
M + = 2719,5 kN.m
Bng 2: Tng hp ti trng tc dng theo phng ngang cu vi MNTN
Ti trng n v TTGHSD TTGHC
Ti trng thng ng kN 11642,382 16812,281
Ti trng ngang kN 130 227,5
Mmen kN.m 1554 2719,5
9
3. Xc nh sc khng nn dc trc ca cc n
3.1. Sc khng nn dc trc theo vt liu.
Chn vt liu
+ Cc b tng ct thp
+ Tit din ca cc hnh vung: 0.45m x 0.45m
+ B tng c
'
c
f = 28MPa, E
c
=
1,5 '
0, 043.
c c
f = 28398,349 MPa
+ Thp ASTM A615, c
y
f
= 420 MPa, E
s
= 200000 MPa
B tr ct thp trong cc
+ Ct ch : Chn 8#29, b tr xuyn sut chiu di cc.
+ Ct ai : Chn thp 8

Hnh 4. Mt ct ngang cc BTCT
Sc khng nn dc trc theo vt liu P
R
Dng ct ai thng, ta c: P
R
= .P
n
= .0,8.{0,85.
'
c
f .(A
g
A
st
) + f
y
.A
st
}
Trong :
10
: H s sc khng ca b tng, = 0.75
'
c
f : Cng nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy ( MPa)

y
f
: Gii hn chy ti thiu quy nh ca thanh ct thp ( MPa).
A
g
: Din tch mt ct nguyn ca cc, A
g
= 450x450 = 202500mm
2
A
st
: Din tch ct thp, A
st

= 8.645 = 5160 mm
2
Vy: P
R
= 0,75.0,8.{0,85.28.(202500 5160) + 420.5160}
= 4118335,2 N

4118,3352 kN.
3.2. Sc khng nn dc trc theo t nn Q
R
Sc khng nn dc trc theo t nn c xc nh nh sau: Q
R
= s qs p qp
Q Q +
Vi:
s s s
A . q Q

v
p p p
A . q Q
Trong : Q
p
: Sc khng mi cc (MPa)
q
p
: Sc khng n v mi cc (MPa)
Q
s
: Sc khng thn cc (MPa)
q
s
: Sc khng n v thn cc (MPa)
A
p
: Din tch mi cc ( mm
2
)
A
s
: Din tch b mt thn cc ( mm
2
)
qp
: H s sc khng i vi sc khng mi cc.

0, 7.
qp v

trong t st vi
8 . 0
v

ta c:
56 . 0
q

qs
: H s sc khng i vi sc khng thn cc.

v qs
7 . 0
trong t st vi
8 . 0
v

ta c:
56 . 0
qs

3.2.1. Sc khng thn cc Q
s
Do thn cc ngm trong 3 lp t, u l lp t st nn ta tnh Q
s
phng
theo phng php .
Theo phng php : Sc khng n v thn cc q
s
nh sau:
u s
S q
Trong :
S
u
: Cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh (Mpa), S
u
= C
uu
: H s kt dnh ph thuc vo S
u
, ta tham kho cng thc xc nh
ca
API nh sau :
- Nu S
u
25 Kpa 0 . 1
11
- Nu 25 Kpa < S
u
< 75 Kpa
1
]
1

KPa 50
KPa 25 S
5 . 0 1
u
- Nu S
u
75 Kpa 5 . 0
Lp 1:
Ta c: S
u
= 15,7 kN/m
2
= 15,7 kPa = 0,0157 MPa.
Tham kho cng thc xc nh
ca API
S
u
= 15,7 kN/m
2

25 Kpa 0 . 1
Lp 2:
Ta c: S
u
= 34,7 kN/m
2
= 34,7 kPa = 0,0347MPa.
S dng cng thc ca API vi S
u
= 34,7 kPa ta c:

1
]
1

KPa 50
KPa 25 S
5 . 0 1
u

=
34,7 25
1 0,5
50
1

1
]
0,903
Lp 3:
Ta c: S
u
= 48,9 kN/m
2
= 48,9 kPa = 0,0489 MPa.
S dng cng thc ca API vi S
u
= 48,9 kPa ta c :
1
]
1

KPa 50
KPa 25 S
5 . 0 1
u

=
48,9 25
1 0,5
50
1

1
]
0,761
Bng 3: Sc khng thn cc Q
s
cc lp t tnh vi mt t sau xi
Tn lp
su
lp t
(mm)
Chiu dy
lp t Sau
xi: L
(mm)
Cng
khng ct:
S
u
(N/mm
2
)
H s
kt dnh
q
S
(N/mm
2
)
Q
s
=q
s
.4.450.L
(N)
Lp 1
5,3 3400
0.0157
1.00
0.0157 96084
Lp 2
20,7 15400
0.0347
0.903 0.0313 867636
Lp 3
34 9300
0.0489
0.761 0.0372 622728
Sc khng thn cc nh sau:
Q
S
= 96084 + 867636 + 622728 = 1586448 N
3.2.2. Sc khng mi cc Q
p
Sc khng n v mi cc trong t st bo ha q
p
xc nh nh sau: q
p
= 9.S
u
12
Trong : S
u
: Cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh (Mpa), S
u
= C
uu
Mi cc t ti lp 3 c: S
u
= 48,9 kN/m
2
= 0,0489 Mpa
=> Q
p
= A
p
q
p
= 450
2
. 9 . 0,0489 = 89120,25 N
Vy Sc khng nn dc trc theo t nn:
Q
R
= s qs p qp
Q Q +
= 0.56 (1586448 + 89120.25) = 938318,22 N = 938,31822 kN
3.3. Sc khng dc trc ca cc n :

) Q P min( P
R , R tt

=min( 4118,335 ; 938,318) = 938,318 kN.
4. Xc nh s lng cc v b tr cc
4.1. Xc nh s lng cc
tt
N
n
P
Trong : N: Ti trng thng ng TTGHC (kN), N = 16812,283 kN

P
tt
: Sc khng dc trc ca cc n (kN), P
tt
= 938,318 kN
Thay s:
16812, 283
17.9
938,318
n
. Chn n = 28 cc.
4.2. B tr cc trong mng
4.2.1. B tr cc trn mt bng
Tiu chun 22TCN 272 05 quy nh:
Khong cch t mt bn ca bt k cc no ti mp gn nht ca mng phi
ln hn 225mm.
Khong cch tim n tim cc cc khng c nh hn 750mm hoc 2.5 ln
ng knh hay b rng cc, chn gi tr no ln hn.
Vi n = 28 cc c b tr theo dng li vung trn mt bng v c b
tr thng ng trn mt ng, vi cc thng s :
+ S hng cc theo phng dc cu l 4. Khong cch tm cc hng cc
theo phng dc cu l 1200 mm.
+ S hng cc theo phng ngang cu l 7. Khong cch tim cc hng cc
theo phng ngang cu l 1200 mm.
13
+ Khong cch t tim cc ngoi cng n mp b theo c hai phng dc
cu v ngang cu l 500 mm.
Hnh 5. Mt bng cc
4.2.2. Tnh th tch b.
Vi 28 cc b tr nh hnh v, ta c cc kch b l: 4600mm x 8200mm,chiu
dy b: 2000 mm
Th tch b l: V
b
= 8200 x 4600 x 2000 = 75.44x10
9
mm
3
= 75.44 m
3
.
14
4.3. T hp ti trng tc dng ln y b
Hnh 6. T hp ti trng tc dng ln y b
4.3.1. Trng thi gii hn s dng
Ti trng thng ng:

b n bt
SD
1
SD
2
xV ) ( N N +
= 11642,835 + (24,5 9,81).75,44 = 12751,046 kN.
Ti trng ngang:

SD
1
SD
2
H H 130 kN.
Mmen

b
SD
1
SD
1
SD
2
xH H M M + = 1554 + 130.2 = 1814 kN.m
4.3.2. Trng thi gii hn cng
15
Ti trng thng ng:

b n bt
C
1
C
2
xV ) x 25 . 1 ( N N +
= 16812,283+ (1,25.24,5 9,81).75.44 = 18382,567 kN
Ti trng ngang:

C C
H H
1 2
227,5 kN.
Mmen

D D D
2 1 1
1, 75. .
C C C
b
M M H H + 2719,5 + 1,75.227,5.2 = 3515,75 kN.m
Bng 4: T hp ti trng tc dng ln y b
Ti trng n v TTGHSD TTGHC
Ti trng thng ng kN 12751,049 18382,566
Ti trng ngang kN 130 227,5
Mmen kN.m 1841 3515,75
16
5. Kim ton theo trng thi gii hn cng I
5.1. Kim ton sc khng dc trc cc n
5.1.1. Tnh ni lc tc dng ln u cc
Tnh theo chng trnh FB-Pier
Khai bo cc thng s, chy chng trnh, c kt qu nh sau:
**********************************************
***** Final Maximums for all load cases *****
**********************************************
Result Type Value Load Comb. Pile
*** Maximum pile forces ***
Max shear in 2 direction 0.2410E+01 KN 1 0 16
Max shear in 3 direction -0.1769E+02 KN 1 0 3
Max moment about 2 axis -0.3596E+01 KN-M 1 0 3
Max moment about 3 axis -0.5145E+00 KN-M 1 0 15
Max axial force -0.8023E+03 KN 1 0 15
Max torsional force 0.0000E+00 KN-M 0 0 0
Max demand/capacity ratio 0.2084E+00 1 0 15
Do : N
max
= 802,3 kN, vy ly gi tr l N
max
= 802,3 kN kim ton.
5.1.2. Kim ton sc khng dc trc cc n
Cng thc kim ton sc khng dc trc cc n:
N
max
+ N
P
tt
Trong :
P
tt
: Sc khng tnh ton chu nn ca cc n
N
max
: Ni lc tc dng ln nht ln mt cc, N
max
= 802,3 kN
N: Trng lng bn thn cc (c tnh n sc y ni ca nc)
Ta c: N = 0,45 . 0,45 . 31 .(24,5 9,81) = 92,216 kN
Kim ton:
N
max
+ N = 802,3 + 92,216 = 894,516 kN

P
tt
= 938,968 kN => t
17
5.2. Kim ton sc khng dc trc ca nhm cc
Cng thc kim ton sc khng dc trc ca nhm cc:
g g R c
Q Q V
Trong :
V
C
: Tng lc gy nn nhm cc nhn h s. V
C
= 18382,566 (kN)
Q
R
: Sc khng dc trc tnh ton ca nhm cc
:
g
Cc h s sc khng ca nhm cc. Ta c:

65 . 0
g

Q
g
: Sc khng dc trc danh nh ca nhm cc, c xc nh nh sau
Vi t dnh
Q
g
= min{

xTng sc khng dc trc ca cc cc n; sc khng tr tng ng}
= min{Q
g1
; Q
g2
}
Ta c: Cao mt t sau xi l: - 3,4 m
Cao y b l : 0,0 m
Do vy sau khi xi l, y b khng tip xc cht ch vi t, t trn b mt
l mm yu, khi kh nng chu ti ring r ca tng cc phi c nhn vi h
s hu hiu, ly nh sau:
= 0,65 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 2,5d = 1125 mm
= 1,00 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 6d = 2700 mm

M khong cch tim n tim bng 1200mm do ta ni suy c
= 0,667
Xc nh Q
g1
Nh xc nh trn, sc khng thn cc danh nh:
Q
s
= 1586,448 kN
Sc khng mi cc danh nh:
Q
p
= 89,12025 kN
Vy, tng sc khng tnh ton dc trc ca nhm cc trong t st:
Q
g1
= n x (Q
s
+ Q
p
) x
= 28 x (1586,448 + 89,12025) x 0.667 = 31298,949 kN

18
Xc nh Q
g2
Sc khng ca ph hoi khi c xc theo cng thc:
Q
g2
=( )
u C
u S XYN S Z Y 2 X 2 + +
Hnh 8. Quy i kch thc nhm cc
Trong :
X : Chiu rng ca nhm cc X = 3.1200 + 450 = 4050 mm = 4.05 m
Y : Chiu di ca nhm cc Y = 6.1200 + 450 = 7650 mm = 7.65 m
N
C
: H s ph thuc t s Z/X
Z : Chiu su ca khi t di b cc, Z = (-1,9) (- 30,0) = 28,1m
Ta c:
28.1
6.9 2.5
4.05
Z
X
>
Do :
29 . 8 )
65 . 7
05 . 4 2 . 0
1 ( 5 . 7 )
2 , 0
1 .( 5 . 7
+ +
Y
X
N
C
u S
: Cng chu ct khng thot nc trung bnh dc theo chiu su ca cc

0, 0157.3, 4 0, 0347.15, 4 0, 0489.9, 3
0, 0371
9,1 15, 4 9, 3
U S MPa
+ +

+ +
S
u
: Cng chu ct khng thot nc ti y mng(Mpa). S
u
= 0.0489 Mpa
=> Q
g2
= (2.4050+2.7650).28100x0,0371 + 4050.7650.8,29.0,0489
= 36954450,83 N = 36954,45083 kN
Vy, Q
g
= min{Q
g1
; Q
g2
} = min {31298,949 ; 36954,45083 } kN = 31298,949 kN
19
Sc khng dc trc ca nhm cc:
Q
R
=
. 0, 65 , 20344,317
g g
Q kN 31298 949
=> Q
R
=
20344,317
kN > V
C
= 18382,566 kN
=> t
20
6. Kim ton mng theo TTGHSD
6.1. Xc nh ln n nh
6.1.1. Xc nh ng sut c hiu do trng lng bn thn cc lp t theo chiu
su, tnh n trng tm ca lp t tnh ln.
Vi mc ch tnh ton ln ca nhm cc, ti trng c gi nh tc ng
ln mng tng ng t ti 2/3 su chn cc vo lp t chu lc (2D
b
/3) .Ti
trng phn b theo ng 2:1 theo mng tng ng nh hnh v.
Hnh 9. M hnh quy i sang mng tng ng
D
b
l tnh t lp t chu lc, theo ti liu kho st a cht lp 1 l lp xu, ch
c lp 2, 3 l lp tt, lp chu lc
su bt u t lp 2 (lp chu lc) (tc l t lp tt) l: - 5,3 m
Nh vy y D
b
= - 5,3 (-30,0) = 24,7 m

2D
b
/3 = 16,47 m.
Nh vy mng tng ng nm trong lp 3, cch y lp 3 l:
( 34 16,47 5,3) = 12,23 m
21
Lp t tnh ln bn di mng tng ng, c chiu dy nh hnh v.
Hnh 10. Phn chia cc lp tnh ln
ng sut c hiu do trng lng bn thn cc lp t theo chiu su c xc
nh nh sau:
'
o
=
u z

Trong :
z
: ng sut tng

u
: p lc nc l rng ng vi MNTN = 2,7 m

h
w
: l su so vi MNTN. h
w
= Z
i
+ 2.7
22
Bng 5: ng sut c hiu cc im do trng lng bn thn
im
Trng
lng
th
tch
i
su
Zi
(m)
i
Z
=
Z
i+1
-Z
i
(m)
ng sut (KN/m
2
)
ng sut tng
p lc
nc l
rng
ng sut
c hiu
z

z
.
.( 2, 7 )
u n w
n i
h
Z

+
'
o
=
u z

A 16.3 0 0 0 26,487 26,487 0
B 16.3 -5,30 5,3 86,39
112,87
7
78,48 34,397
C 18.8 -20,7 15,4
289,5
2
402,39
7
299,554 172,843
D 19.3 -21,767 1,067
20,59
3
422,99
0
240,021 182,969
1 19.3 -22,767 1 19.3 442,29 249,831 192,459
2 19.3 -23,767 1 19.3 461,59 259,641 201,494
3 19.3 -24,767 1 19.3 480,89 269,451 211,439
4 19.3 -25,767 1 19,3 500,19 279,261 220,929
5 19.3 -26,767 1 19,3 519,49 289,071 230,419
6 19.3 -27,883 1,1165 21,548 541,038 300,024 241,014
7 19.3 -28,883 1 19.3 560,338 309,834 250,504
8 19.3 -29,883 1 19.3 579,638 319,644 259,994
9 19.3 -30,883 1 19.3 598,938 329,454 269,484
10 19.3 -31,883 1 19.3 618,238 339,264 278,974
11 19.3 -32,883 1 19.3 637,538 349,074 288,464
12 19.3 -34,0 1,1165 21,548 659,086 360,027 299,057
6.1.2. Xc nh ng sut gia tng do ti trng trng thi gii hn s dng gy ra
tng ng sut c hiu ti gia lp t do ti trng trng thi s dng gy
ra c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

F
V
'

) . . 2 ).( . . 2 ( . tg z L tg z B B A F
i g i g t t
+ +
Ta c :
23

2
1
tg
=>
) z L )( z B (
V
i g i g
'
+ +

Hnh 11. Minh ha quy i vng din tch im tnh ng sut c hiu
Trong :

'

: tng ng sut c hiu ti gia lp t do ti trng ngoi gy ra
V: Ti trng thng ng theo trng thi gii hn s dng, V = 12751,049kN
B
g
: Chiu rng trn mt bng ca nhm cc. (=X)
L
g
: Chiu di trn mt bng ca nhm cc. (=Y)
Z
i
: Khong cch t v tr 2D
b
/3 n trng tm lp t cn tnh ln
Ta c bng tnh
'

nh sau :
24
Bng 6: ng sut c hiu cc im do ti trng TTGHSD
im
tnh ln
B
g
(m) L
g
(m) Z
i
(m) (Mng
tng ng)
'

(kN/m
2
)
T l:
0
'/ '
D 4.05 7.65 0,00 411,556 2.24
1 4.05 7.65 1,00 291,903 1.51
2 4.05 7.65 2,00 218,405 1.08
3 4.05 7.65 3,00 169,827 0.80
4 4.05 7.65 4,00 135,964 0.61
5 4.05 7.65 5,00 111,380 0.48
6 4.05 7.65 6,1165 91,107 0.37
7 4.05 7.65 7,1165 77,330 0.30
8 4.05 7.65 8,1165 66,473 0.25
9 4.05 7.65 9,1165 57,761 0.21
10 4.05 7.65 10,1165 50,662 0.18
11 4.05 7.65 11,1165 44,799 0.15
12 4.05 7,65 12,233 39,384 0.13
6.1.3. Chiu su tnh ln ( Hc )
Quy nh: Chiu su H
c
ca tng t chu nn tnh t y mng n su m
ng sut ph thm
'

bng 0.1 ng sut do trng lng bn thn ca t
0
' 0,1. '
Qua bng 5 ta thy H
c
= Z
i
(12) = 12,233 m
6.1.4. Xc nh ln n nh
Ti im tnh ln th 6 l lp nm gia ca lp t th 6, c cc s liu v ng
sut nh sau:
ng sut c hiu
' 2
0
241, 014 / kN m
25
tng ng sut do ti trng tc dng:
' 2
91,107 / kN m
ng sut hu hiu thng ng cui cng ti im gia lp t ang xt :
'
f

' ' 2
0
' 241, 014 91,107 332,121kN/m
f
+ +
Theo s liu kho st ta c p lc tin c kt ca lp t th 3:
' 2
356 /
p
kN m
Thy
' '
0 p
<

t nn qu c kt.
( )
0 0
' '
log log
1 ' '
p f
c
ci cr c
p
H
S C C
e

1
_ 1
+ 1
1

+
1 1
] ,
]
V :
' ' '
0 f p
< <
.
T ng cong nn c kt in hnh i vi t nn qu c kt. Ta c cng thc
tnh ln nh sau :

' '
0
0
. .(log log )
1
c
c cr f
H
S C
e

_

+
,
26
T s liu bi cho ta c : e
0
=0,698; C
r
=0,028.
ADCT:

' '
c
c cr 0
0
H
S .C .(log log )
1+e
f

_

,

c
12, 233
S .0, 028.(log312,121- log221, 014) 0, 0302m
1 0, 698
_

+
,
Vy ln ca mng l : S
c
=3,02 cm
kim tra yu cu v ln ta tham kho cng thc :

c
S 1, 5 L(m)

c
S 3, 02cm 1, 5 32, 4 8, 538cm
Vy ln t yu cu.
27
6.2. Kim ton chuyn v ngang ca nh cc
S dng phn mn tnh ton nn mng FB-PIER ta tnh c chuyn v theo
cc phng dc cu (X), phng ngang cu (Y), phng thng ng (Z) ti v tr
u mi cc nh sau :
*** Maximum pile head displacements ***
Max displacement in axial 0.2270E-02 M 1 0 15
Max displacement in x -0.3577E-04 M 1 0 1
Max displacement in y 0.1119E-02 M 1 0 28
Chuyn v ngang ln nht ti nh cc l:
Theo phng dc cu:
x
= 0,3577.10
-4
m = 0,0358 mm
38mm
Theo phng ngang cu:
y
= 0,1119.10
-2
m = 1,119 mm
38mm
Vy m bo yu cu v chuyn v ngang
28
7. cng ct thp cho cc v b cc
7.1. Tnh v b tr ct thp dc cho cc
Tng chiu di cc dng tnh ton v b tr ct thp l chiu di c cc :
L = 31 (m). c chia thnh 3 t, 2 t c chiu di L
d
= 10 m, 1 t c chiu di
L
d
= 11 m. Ta i tnh ton v b tr cho tng t cc.
7.1.1. Tnh m men theo s cu cc v treo cc
M men ln nht dng b tr ct thp
M
tt
= max(M
max(1)
; M
max(2)
)
Trong :
M
max(1)
: Mmen trong cc theo s cu cc
M
max(2)
: Mmen trong cc theo s treo cc
7.1.1.1. Tnh mmen cho t cc c chiu di L
d
= 11 m
Tnh m men ln nht trong cc theo s cu cc
Cc mc cu t cch u cc mt on :
a =
) ( 277 . 2 11 207 . 0 207 . 0 m x L
d

. Chn a = 2,3 m
Trng lng bn thn cc c xem nh ti trng phn b u trn
c chiu di on cc:
q =
bt
.A = 24,5.0,45
2

= 4,96 (KN/m)
Di tc dng ca trng lng bn thn ta c biu m men nh
sau :
29
Ta c mt ct c gi tr m men ln nht l : M
max(1)
= 12,903
KN.m
Tnh m men ln nht trong cc theo s treo cc
Mc c t cch u cc mt on
b = 0.293L
d
= 0.294 . 11 = 3.2 m
sau :
Ta c mt ct c gi tr m men ln nht l :
M
max(2)
= 25,761 kN.m
Vy m men ln nht dng b tr ct thp l :
M
tt
= max(M
max(1)
; M
max(2)
) = max(12,903; 25,761) = 25,761 kN.m
7.1.1.2. Tnh mmen cho t cc c chiu di L
d
= 10 m
Tnh m men ln nht trong cc theo s cu cc
Cc mc cu t cch u cc mt on :
) m ( 2 10 x 207 . 0 L 207 . 0
d

Trng lng bn thn cc c xem nh ti trng phn b u trn
c chiu di on cc
q =
bt
.A = 24,5*0,45
2

= 4,96 (KN/m)
sau :
30
Ta c mt ct c gi tr m men ln nht l : M
max(1)
= 10,664
kN.m
Tnh m men ln nht trong cc theo s treo cc
Mc c t cch u cc mt on
b = 0.294L
d
= 0.294 x 10 = 2.94(m)
sau :
Ta c mt ct c gi tr m men ln nht l :
M
max(2)
= 21,29 kN.m
Vy m men ln nht dng b tr ct thp l :
31
M
tt
= max(M
max(1)
; M
max(2)
) = max(10,664 ; 21,29) = 21,29 kN.m
7.1.2. Tnh v b tr ct thp dc cho cc
Ta chn ct thp dc ch chu lc l thp ASTM A615M
Gm 822 c f
y
= 420 MPa c b tr trn mt ct ngang ca cc nh hnh v :
Hnh 15. B tr ct thp dc cho cc
Ta i tnh duyt li mt ct bt li nht trong trng hp bt li nht l mt
ct c m men ln nht trong trng hp treo cc:
+) Cc c chiu di L
d
= 11 m th M
tt
= 25,761 kN.m
Kim tra b tng c b nt hay khng trong qu trnh cu v treo cc
Cng chu ko khi un ca b tng l :
0.63 ' 0.63 28 3.334( )
r c
f f MPa
0.8.f
r
= 0,8.3,334 = 2,667 MPa
ng sut ko ti th ngoi cng ca mt ct nguyn :
Cc c chiu di L
d
= 11 m:
6
3 3 3
. 12. . 6. 6.25, 761.10
1, 696
2. 2. . 450
tt tt tt
ct
g
M d d M M
f
I b h b

MPa
Suy ra 0,8.
ct r
f f <
32
Kt lun: Cc khng b nt khi cu v treo cc.
Tnh duyt kh nng chu lc
Nhn xt : Do ct thp c b tr i xng, mt khc ta bit b tng c cng
chu ko nh hn nhiu so vi cng chu nn v vy trc trung ha lch v
pha di trc i xng.
(1) Kim tra hm lng ct thp
Kt lun: Hm lng ct thp chu ko v chu nn m bo.
33
min
1
5.645
0, 0215
. 450.400
s
s
A
b d
>
min
1
3.645
' 0, 0107
. 450.390
s
s
A
b d
>
'
min
28
0, 03. 0.03. 0.002
420
c
y
f
f

(2) Gi s ct thp chu nn b chy, bin dng ca ct thp chu nn xc nh theo
cng thc:

' '
'
1
'
1
.0,85. .
0, 003 1
( ). .
c
s
y s
f d
f d

1

1
1
]

Trong :
1
0,85
(do
'
28
c
f MPa )
d
= 50mm
d = 450 50 = 400 mm

' 3
0,85.0,85.28.50
0, 003 1 1,319.10
(0, 0215 0, 0107).420.490
s

1

1
]

M
3
420
2,1.10
200000
y
s
s
f
E

Suy ra
'
s s
< nn, thc t ct thp chu nn cha b chy.
(3) Tnh ton ng sut trong ct thp chu nn

' ' 3
. 1,3.10 .200000 263,953
s s s
f E MPa

(4) Tnh chiu cao khi ng sut ch nht trong vng b tng chu nn:

' '
s
'
5.645.420 3.645.263,953
78, 78
0,85. . 0,85.28.450
s y s
c
A f A f
a mm
f d

Chiu cao vng b tng chu nn:
1
78, 78
92, 684
0,85
a
c mm

(5) Kim tra iu kin do ca mt ct:

1
92, 684
0, 23 0, 42
400
s
c
d
<
- Mt ct m bo iu kin do.
(6) Tnh li bin dng v ng sut trong ct thp chu nn:

'
' 3
50
0, 003(1 ) 0, 003(1 ) 1, 38.10
92, 684
s
d
c

<
s

' ' 3
. 1,38.10 .200000 276,319
s s s
f E MPa

34
(7) Tnh lp xc nh chiu cao vng b tng chu nn v ng sut trong ct
thp chu nn:

' '
s
'
5.645.420 3.645.276, 319
76,547
0,85. . 0,85.28.450
s y s
c
A f A f
a mm
f d

1
76,547
90, 056
0,85
a
c mm

'
' 3
50
0, 003(1 ) 0, 003(1 ) 1, 33.10
90, 056
s
d
c

' ' 3
. 1,33.10 .200000 266,873
s s s
f E MPa

suy ra kt qu hi t

' '
s
'
5.645.420 3.645.266,873
78, 254
0,85. . 0,85.28.450
s y s
c
A f A f
a mm
f d

1
78, 254
92, 063
0,85
a
c mm

1
92, 063
0, 23 0, 42
400
s
c
d
<
- Mt ct m bo iu kin do.
(8) Sc khng un danh nh ca mt ct xc nh theo cng thc:
( )
' ' ' '
s
( ) '
2
n y s s s s
a
M A f A f d A f d d
_
+

,
= (5.645.420 3.645.266,873)(400 78,254/2) + 3.645. 266,873 (450-60)
= 458750656 N.mm
Hay M
n
= 458,750656kNm > M
tt
= 25,761 kNm
Kt lun: Ct thp c chn v b tr nh trn l m bo kh nng chu lc.
Kt lun: Ct thp c chn v b tr nh trn l m bo kh nng chu lc
7.2. B tr ct thp ai cho cc
Do cc ch yu chu nn, chu ct nh nn khng cn duyt v
cng ca ct thp ai. V vy ct thp ai c b tr theo
yu cu v cu to.
+ u mi cc ta b tr vi bc ct ai l 50 mm trn mt chiu di
l: 1000 mm.
35
+ Tip theo ta b tr vi bc ct thp ai l 100 mm trn mt chiu
di l:1500mm
+ on cn li ca mi on cc (phn gia on cc) b tr vi
bc ct ai l : 150 mm.
7.3. Chi tit ct thp cng mi cc
Ct thp mi cc c ng knh 43, vi chiu di 600 mm.
on nh ra khi mi cc l 50 mm.
7.4. Li ct thp u cc
u cc b tr mt s li ct thp u cc c ng knh
6 mm ,vi mt li a = 50
50mm. Li c b tr nhm m bo
cho b tng cc khng b ph hoi do chu ng sut cc b trong
qu trnh ng cc.
7.5. Vnh ai thp u cc
u cc c bc bng mt vnh ai thp bng thp bn c
chiu dy bng 10 mm nhm mc ch bo v b tng u cc
khng b hng khi ng cc v ngoi ra cn c tc dng hn
ni cc t cc trong khi thi cng vi nhau.
7.6. Ct thp mc cu
Ct thp mc cu c chn c ng knh 22. Do ct thp
b tr trong cc rt tha v vy ta c th s dng lun ct thp
mc cu lm mc treo khi ta khng cn phi lm mc th 3
to iu kin thun li cho vic thi cng v cc trong bi.
Khong cch t u mi on cc n mi mc neo l a = 2
m = 2000 mm.
8. Tnh mi ni thi cng cc
Ta s dng mi ni hn ni cc on cc li vi nhau. Mi ni phi m bo
cng mi ni tng ng hoc ln hn cng cc ti tit din c mi ni.
ni cc t cc li vi nhau ta s dng 4 thp gc L-100
100
12 tp vo 4
gc ca cc ri s dng ng hn lin kt hai u cc (i vi cc c, vung
ta thng s dng mi ni hn; i vi cc trn, ng ta thng s dng mi ni bu
lng). Ngoi ra tng thm an ton cho mi ni ta s dng thm 4 thp bn
520x100x10mm c tp vo khong gia hai thp gc tng chiu di hn ni.
36

37

Thuyetminh Minh

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Thuyetminh Minh

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Thit k mn hc Nn v Mng B mn a K thut

2,7 - 0,5 = 2,2 m

: H s sc khng i vi sc khng mi cc.

: H s sc khng i vi sc khng thn cc.

Trong : N: Ti trng thng ng TTGHC (kN), N = 16812,283 kN

Cc h s sc khng ca nhm cc. Ta c:

= 0,65 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 2,5d = 1125 mm

= 1,00 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 6d = 2700 mm

= 28 x (1586,448 + 89,12025) x 0.667 = 31298,949 kN

: p lc nc l rng ng vi MNTN = 2,7 m

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