r, C,

L ,
, ,
. i= I m sin t

:
ur = U mr sin t

ul = U mr sin t + .
2

uc = U mc sin t
2

4.16 .
U mr = I m r ;

U mL = I m X L ; U mC = I m X c

U r = Ir;

U L = IX L ;

U c = IX c

( 1 ),

( 1 ) .

1-

X L > X c , X c > X l .

X L > X c .

/r, xL , xc /

 :
2
U m = U mr
+ (U Lm U cm )

U = U r2 + (U L U c ) 2 = U r2 + U p2

U p = U L U c - .

U = ( Ir ) 2 + ( IX L IX c ) 2 = I r 2 + ( X L X c ) 2 = IZ

Z=

U
= r 2 + ( X L X c ) 2 = r 2 + X p2 .
I

X p = X L X c - .
(2).

. X L >

. X L >

2. rc , xL ,-
,
.

cos =

tg =

Up
Ur

r
Z

sin =

X
Z

U L U c X L X c L 1 / C X
=
=
=
Ur
r
r
r

(3. )
.

p = pr + pc + pL = ur i + uci + uiL = I m sin t U mr sin t + U ml sin(t + ) + U mc sin(t );

2
2

p = 2U r I sin t + U L I sin 2t U c I sin 2t

S=

P 2 + (QL Qc ) 2 = ( I 2 r ) 2 + ( I 2 X L + I 2 X c ) 2 = ( I 2 r + I 2 X ) 2 = P 2 + Q 2 BA

QL > Qc QL < Qc
.

3.

QL > Qc , .

1: r, X L , , X c .
220 , L=80 , =30 , r=40 , f=50
, ,
, , , .

X L = L = 2fL = 2 * 3.14 * 50 * 80 * 103 = 25

X c = 1 / C = 1 / 2fC = 1 / 2 * 3.14 * 50 * 30 *106 = 106
Z = r 2 + ( X L X c ) 2 = 40 2 + (25 106) 2 = 90

I = U / Z = 220 / 90 = 2.44 A
U r = Ir = 2.44 * 40 = 97.6 B
U c = IX c = 2.44 *106 = 258.6 B
U L = IX L = 2.44 * 25 = 61B
.

.

r
X 25 106
= 40 / 90 = 0.44; sin =
=
= 0.9
Z
Z
90
X X c 25 106
tg = L
=
= 2
r
40
P = UI cos = 220 * 2.44 * 0.44 = 236
Q = UI sin = 220 * 2.44 * 0.9 = 483
cos =

S = P 2 + Q 2 = 2362 + 4832 = 537

: S = UI = 220 * 2.44 = 537

Qc , QL .

Qc = I 2 X c = 2.442 *106 =681

QL = I 2 X L = 2.442 * 25 = 149

Q = QL Qc = 632+149 = -483

.

ur = 2U r sin t = 2 * 97.6 sin t = 137.6 sin t

) = 2 * 228.6 sin t = 364.6 sin t

2
2
2

u L = 2U L sin t + = 2 * 61sin t + = 86 sin t +

2
2
2

uc = 2U c sin(t

p = 2 Pr sin 2 t = 2 * 236 sin 2 t = 332.7 sin 2 t

p = 2QL sin 2t = 2 * 148 sin 2t = 208.6 sin 2t
pc = 2Qc sin 2t = 2 * 632 sin 2t = 891.1sin 2t

4.

 ,
.

6.

r L,
L =
.

L =

1
; 2 LC = 1; =
C

1
LC

f =

=
= f0
2 2 LC

: f

.
.
:
1.
. Z = r 2 + ( X L X c ) = r
2

2.
. .

Ip =

U
; XL = Xc = 0
r

3 ,
, . (8)

U L = U c; ; U = U r
4.
.

S = P; Q = QL Qc = 0
,
.
.
.
,
.

.
U L Uc I p X L X L X c Z
=
=
=
=
=
=K
U
U
I pr
r
r
r

1 / t = L = 1 / 2 LC * L = L / C = Z Z .
X =f (f)
(7).

7.

8. ,

9- .

, .