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2. Gauss law

2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.

2.5.

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2.1.

~E

~EA

: =EA
2/

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n E
q

A Acos q

=EAcosq
q=0 EA
q=90

n

q

E
q
DA

 DAi

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i-

Di Ei D Ai cos q Ei D Ai

lim

D Ai 0

E D A E dA
S

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?
, .:

DAi

: D E D A
, E (q<90)
- E
(q>90)
,


c
E d A En dA
2
En=Ecosq

,
c closed

 21.1

Flux Through a Cube.

Consider a uniform
electric field E oriented in
the x direction. Find the
net electric flux through
the surface of a cube of
edges l oriented as
shown in Fig. Assume
there is no electric
charge inside the cube.

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.
x
E

.

, l


.


.

dA3
dA6

dA1

E
dA4

6

4

EdA, q
= 90
90

E d A E dA cos 90 0

dA2

z dA5

xy 2


c E d A E d A
1

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E , dA , q=180

E
dA

EA

El
E

d
A

EdAcos180

1
1
1

E , dA , q=0
2
E

d
A

EdAcos0

E
dA

EA

El
2
2
2
: c= -El2+El2=0

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2.2.

q r

E=kq/r2
,

E DAi


E D Ai En D Ai E D Ai

c
E2 n dA EdA E dA

dA A 4 r -

1
kq
q
2
c 2 ( 4 r ) 4 kq. k
. c
r
0
4 0


1
r- : E 2 ; A r 2

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q +

Ed A ( E

E 2 E 3 )d A
10

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S q1
, q1/0
S
(q2+q3)/0
S

0-

::
qin
c
Ed A 0

11

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2.3.

, , ...

,
cos0=1
,

12

 21.2

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.
q

.
.
:

r
+

r ,

dA
E

,


E dA
dA,, E d A EdA

q
c
E d A EdA

2
E
EdA

E
dA

E(
4

r
)

0
q r
qq0
q
q
E
k 2 q0 F q0 E k 2
2
r
4 0 r
r

13

 21.3

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Q . (a)

, r>a
.

E
P

+ + +
r + + ++ + +
+ + + a+
+ +
++ + +
+ + +

:


r

r>a
Q
Ek 2
r

14

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()

, r<a

: ,

r<a

: qin
Q
qin=rV
r

+ + +
+ + + +
+ +
+ +r + a +
+ +
++ + +
+ + +

V 43 r 3

qin rV r 43 r 3

,
r<a
4 r3
q
r
r
q
3
2
in
in
EdA E dA E( 4 r ) 0 E 4 0 r 2 4 0 r 2 3 0 r
Qr
kQ
r Q / 43 a3 - E

r
3
3
4 0 a
a

15

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r>a

Q
Ek 2
r

( )
)

r<a

kQ
E 3 r
a

( )
)

+ + +
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + a+
+ +
++ + +
+ + +

E
E

kQ
r2

r 0 E 0

E~1/r2 r 0
E

16

 21.4

. a

Q
.

.
E
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+

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: r>a

Q
Ek 2
r

: r<a

Ein=0

17

 21.5

+
+

+
+
+
+

E
dA

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.
l=const

r .

: E

: r l

E

2 ,
E

ll

18

c
E d A E dA

qin

ll
0

A=2rl

l
ll
E( 2 rl )
E 2k
0
r

E~1/r

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19

 21.6

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A nonconducting planar sheet of charge.

+
A Find the electric field due to a
+
+
+
nonconducting, infinite plane with
+
+
uniform charge per unit area s
+
E
E
+
+
s

,, ,

.
: E , 2
: , , sA

2 . 2EA
s
qin s A

c 2EA

E
2 0
0 0

20

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2.4.

,
,

+
+
+

+
+

,

10-16

21

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. .


,

22

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:




E=0

,
EnA
s
qin s A
: c
En dA En A 0 0 En
0

23

-Q

+ + +

+
+
a+
+ r
b
+ 2Q
+
+ + +c

21.7

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a
2Q . Q
, b , c
,
.
,,
.
?

: r

E r<a
qin=0 E1=0
2Q

24

a<r<b
r
+ + +
+
+
+2Q
r
a+
+
+ 2Q
+
,
+ + +


2Q
2kQ
qin 2Q
2
E2 A E2 ( 4 r2 )

E2
2
4 0 r
r
0 0

r>c
: r
qin=2Q+(-Q)=Q

Q
E4 k 2 ( r c )
r
-Q

21.7

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25

 21.7

-Q
+

+
+
+

+ + +

2Q

+
a+

+
+ + +c

b-

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b<r<c
. :

: qin=0
E3=0

+2Q

(
))

-2Q

Q
+Q

26

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2.5.

(,
, )
)

27

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+
+
_
_

,

0
_
_

+
+
_
_

+
+


+
+

0

+
+
+ +


+
+

,

, E=0

, E 0
+

28

1.

?

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.
.
.

.

2.

. )
) 3 , )
)

2 , )
)

, )
)

3. )
) ,
) , )
) , )
)
3

?

29

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4.




? .
5.

.
6.

)
)

, )
)

.
.

30

7.

?


?
8.

?
9.

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+
0

+
+

31

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32