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14
14

10. (INDUCTANCE)

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10.1.
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
10.5.
10.6.

RL


LC

RLC

10.2. RL (RL circuits)

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, ,

,
,

t=0

,
,

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dI
E L L
dt
dI/dt +, EL - b


II
dI
0
E IR L
dt
x E I
R

dx=
dx=--dI
dI..

L dx
x
0
R dt

dx
R
dt
x
L

x
R

ln t
x0
L

ln

x
R
t
x0
L

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Rt

x x0 e L
t=0 I=0 x0= E /R
Rt
E
E

I e L
R
R

(1 e

R t

(1 e

t=L/R RL ,

:
E/R 63
63%
%-

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t=0 I=0
t=

E/R

t
E/R

dI/dt
t=0

t =

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1
E/R

t=0

RL II
dI
IR L 0
dt

I0 e

t=0 I0=E/R t=L/R

dI/dt

t=0

 10.3

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30
, 6
, 12
.

t=0
.
a)
.

L 30 10 3
t
5
R
6
) t=2

12 B
t
E
t
I (1 e )
( 1 e 0 ,4 ) 0,659 A
R
6

10.3.

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I-

dI
2
I E I R LI
dt

.

I2R

LIdI/dt--
LIdI/dt

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Um
dU m
dI
LI
dt
dt

dUm=LIdI

Um
I
1 2
1 2
U m dU m LIdI LI
U m LI
0
0
2
2
L

I

Q2/2C

10

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L=m0 n2V
V

B=m0 nI
I- L-

2
1 2
B2
1 2 1
2 B
U m LI
V
U m LI m0 n V

2
2
2 m0
2
m0 n

-
Um
B2
um

V
2 m0

(1/2)e0E2-

2
~

11

 10.4

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The Coaxial Cable.

Cable. A long coaxial cable
consists of two concentric cylindrical
conductors of radii a and b and length
l, as in Fig. The inner conductor is
assumed to be a thin cylindrical shell.
Each conductor carries a current I (the
outer one being a return path).
Calculate the selfself-inductance L of this
cable.
.

l , a
b
.


.
I
(

)).

L- .

12

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: 2

2
B m0 I
2 r

:



B ds 0

:
r<a

13

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l , b-a

dr

ldr

BdA=Bldr

b
b m I
m
Il
dr m0 Il b
0
0
m BdA
ldr

ln

a 2 r
2 a r
2 a

m m0l b
L

ln
I
2 a
m0 b
ln

a
14

10.4.

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N1 1
I1

N2 2
1

2
12
2 1 M21

N 2 21
M 21
M 21

I1
.

21
I1
N2

15

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I1

1 2

d 21
dI1
M 21
E2 N 2
dt
dt

I2 1

dI 2
E1 M 12
dt

-
E
= -LdI/dt

E1 = E2
M12=M21=M .
dI 2
dI1
E2 M
E1 M
dt
dt

16

 10.5

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A long solenoid of
length l has N1 turns,
carries a current I,
and has a crosssectional area A.

l , A

N1
I
.

A second coil
containing N2
turns is wound
around the center
of the first coil, as
in Fig.

N2




.

Find the mutual

inductance of the
system.

17

Solution: If the solenoid

carries a current I1, the
magnetic field at its
center is given by

m0 N1 I1

Since the flux 21 througt

coil 2 due to coil 1 is BA
BA,,
the mutual inductance is

N 2 21
M
I1
For example, if N1=500
turns, A=310-3m2, l=0.5 m
and N2=8 turns, we get

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:

I1

2
21
BA

N 2 BA
N1 N 2 A

m0
I1
l

: N1=500
, A=310-32,
l=0.5 , N2=8
( 4 10 7 Wb / A m )( 500 )( 8 )( 3 10 3 m 2 )
M
30 10 6 H 30 m H
0.5 m

18

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10.5. LC

Qm
t=0

2
Qm
.
t=0
,
2C

19

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.
.

max,,
max

,
22-

20

LC

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t
Q,
I
2

U

Q2 1 2
U UC U L
LI
2C 2

dU/dt=0
Q, I

dU d Q 2 1 2 Q dQ
dI

LI
LI
0
dt dt 2C 2
dt
C dt
Q, I I=dQ/dt

21

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dU d Q 2 1 2 Q dQ
dI

LI
LI
0
dt dt 2C 2
dt
C dt

dI d 2Q
2

dt dt

d 2Q Q
L 2 0
dt
C

d 2Q
1

Q
2
dt
LC

Q=Qmcos(wt+d)
Qm-

LC

w 1
LC

22

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Q=Qmcos(wt+d) -
dQ
I
wQm sin( wt d )
dt
d

t=0 I=0
I=0..

0= -wQmsind. d=0
t=0 Q=Qm

Q, I-
Q=Qmcosw t I= -wQmsinw t= - Imsinw t
Qm -Qm, Im -Im

, 90

I=0
I=0,,
Q=0

23

LC

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2
Q
1 2 -
Q,I-- U U C U L
Q,I
LI
2C 2
2
LI
Q 2 1 2 Qm2
U
LI
cos 2 wt m sin 2 wt
2C 2
2C
2

,


Qm2 / 2C

1 2

LI m

UC+UL

24

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Qm2 1 2
LI m
2C 2

2
Qm2
Q
U UC U L
(cos 2 wt sin 2 wt ) m
2C
2C
cos2w t+sin2w t=1
UC+UL

25

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29.
6

An LC circuit has an
inductance of 2.81
mH and a capacitance
of 9 pF (Fig.). The
capacitor
is
initially
charged with a 12-V
battery when the switch
S is open. The battery is
then removed from the
circuit, and the switch is
closed so that the
capacitor is shorted
across the inductor. (a)
Find the frequency of
oscillation.

LC 2.81 mH
,
9
pF
(). S

12V

.

S

.
(a)
.

26

10.6. RLC

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Qm

Q2 1 2
U UC U L
LI
2C 2
LC

dU / dt I 2 R

dU
dI Q dQ
LI
I 2 R I-
dt
dt C dt

dQ dI d 2Q
d 2Q
dQ Q
0
I
,
2 L 2 R
dt
dt C
dt
dt dt

27

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R=0 LC
,

1
R
2 2
1 R
Rt / 2L
Q Qme
cos wd t

wd

LC 2L

R 4L / C

wd

1 / LC

I=dQ/dt

28

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Q I-

RC 4L / C -
R

R=RC

R>RC

29