Μια συλλογή ασκήσεων στα μαθηματικά κατεύθυνσης της Γ Λυκείου 8-4-2012

' : 8 2012 .
(KAKABASBASILEIOS)
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(perpant)
( )
(parmenides51)
Email : silogiaskiseon@yahoo.com
mathematica.gr.
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email silogiaskiseon@yahoo.com
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Email : silogiaskiseon@yahoo.com
mathematica.gr.
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1.
: 40 .
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=54&t=22769
2.
- :- 30
.
:
7-70
:
73- 112
3.
:- 50 .
4.
:- 60 .
:
115-198
:
201-320

40
mathematica -7
+ : 29/01/2012 17/02/2012

: 40 .
:

parmenides51
mathematica.gr.
mathematica -8
z : Re z 2Re z , 1
z
1.
z.
Re z 0, :
2.
3.
4.
5.
w z
4

z
4 w 4.

u z 3 4i.
,
u.
z1 , z 2 z 3 1
, z1z 2 z 2z 3 z 3z1 2 z1 z 2 z 3 .
:
4
Re z 2Re(z) Re(z) Re 2Re(z)
z
z
4
Re(z) Re . z i , R , 0 :
z
4
4
4
i
4
4
4( 2 2 ) Re( ) 2 2 . 2
.
2
z i

z
1.
0 4. z ,
M(z), 2
2
O(0, 0) 0,2 0, 2 .
0 0 z , M(z),
yy O 0,0 .
0,2
M(z)
O(0, 0)
0, 2
2.
Re z 0 0. z , M(z)
y
2 O(0, 0)
0,2 0, 2 . , z 2
4
zz 4 z . , w z z 2Re(z) R . ,
z
2 Re(z) 2 4 2Re(z) 4 4 w 4.
w , M(w)
AB, A(2,0) B(2,0),
O(0, 0)
O(0,0).
3.
,
mathematica -9
u z 3 4i z u 3 4i z 2 u 3 4i 2 u (3 4i) 2.
u , K(3, 4)
2.
4.
6 y
M(x, y)
(x 4)2 (y 3)2 4 . OK,

A,B.
K(3,4)
OB (OM) (OA).
(OK) d(K,O) 42 32 5,
u max (OA) (OK) 5 2 7.
-2
-1
x
O(0, 0)2
u min (OB) (OK) 5 2 3.

5.
, z1z 2 z 2z 3 z 3z1
z1z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z 1
z1 z 2 z 3
16
16
16
16
z 1z 2 z 3
z1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z1
16
z z 2 z 3 2 z1 z 2 z 3 .
8 1

zz 3(z z)i 4(z z), z C
1 .
1.
z
.
2.
z z1
.
3.
, R , z1
4.
1 2
z z 0.
4
z 0 1 ,
2012
z 0 4 3i
52012 , w 5i ,
w 5i
w (0, 5) 2 1.
:
1.
z x yi, x, y R
z 3(z z)i 4(z z) x 2 y 2 32yi 2 42x x 2 y 2 6y 8x 0
(x 2 8x 16) (y 2 6y 9) 16 9 (x 4) 2 (y 3) 2 25 .
K(4, 3)
2
2
1 5 . x 0 y 0 (0 4) (0 3) 16 9 25.
mathematica -10

2
2
O(0, 0) (x 4) (y 3) 25 ,
.
2.
M(x, y)
z 1 8 6i
(x 4) (y 3) 25 . OK,
A.
2
K (4, 3)
(OM) (OA).
(OK) 42 32 5 ,
z max (OA) (OK) 5 5 10.
,
2
2
OA (x 4) (y 3) 25 .
OA OK
30 3
. OK : y 3 x.
40 4
4
25
3
25
(x 4) 2 (y 3) 2 25 (x 4) 2 ( x 3) 2 25 x 2 x 0
16
2
4
3
3
3
y
y x
y x
4
4
4
x 0
25 2 25
25
0
x(x
8)
16
16
y 0
2
3
3
y x
y x
x 8
4
4
y 6
z1 8 6i (
z 2 0 ) .
A
A O K .

x A xO
xA
x 8
2
2
yA 6
y yA yO
3 y A
2
2
3.
1 2
z z 0 z1 8 6i ,
4
z 2 z1 8 6i . Vieta
mathematica -11
8 6i 8 6i 4
4
(8 6i)(8 6i) 4
25
P
3
1 2
z z 0 z1 8 6i , ,
4
1
1
: (8 6i) 2 (8 6i) 0 (64 96i 36) 8 6i 0
4
4
8 7 0 25
7 24i 8 6i 0
24
4
4.
z 4 3i 5 z 4 3i 5 z 4 3i 5
z 4 3i
o
w 5i
z o 4 3i
w 5i
(0, 5)
2012
5 2012
2012
5 2012
K (4, 3)
z o 4 3i
w 5i
x
(1)
5
5 w 5i 1 . w
w 5i
(0, 5) 2 1.

3
z C , z 1 z 1 , R . :
1.
2.
3.
4.
0 2.
2 2
Re(z)
.
2
z2 z 1 2 3 .
3 z2 z 1
13
.
4
1.
, | z 1| z 1 0 .
0 | z 1 || z | 1 1 1 2 0 2.
2.
, z 1 z 1 2 z 1 z 1 2
2
zz z z 1 2 z z z 1 2 z z 2 2 , 1 .
2
mathematica -12
2 2
2
1 2Re(z) 2 2 Re(z )

z x yi x,y R.
, z 1 x yi 1 (x 1) yi (x 1)2 y 2
(x 1)2 y 2 2 x2 2x 1 y 2 2 . z 1 x2 y 2 1.
2 2
2 2
Re z
.
1 2x 1 2x 2 x
2
2
2
1
zz 1 z .
z
1
1 , z 2 2 z 2 1 z 2 2z
z
3.
|z| 1
z z 1 z 3z z z 1 z 3 z 2 z 1 2 3 .
2
2 2
2 x y 1 x
.
2
2
z 2 z 1 x yi x yi 1 x2 2xyi y 2 x yi 1
2
y 2 1 x2
x2 y 2 1
x 2xyi 1 x x yi 1 x(2x 1) y(2x 1)i (2x 1)(x yi).

2
z z 1 (2x 1)(x yi) 2x 1 x yi

2
4.
2x 2 2
2 2 1 z 2 3 .
1, 3
13
, 0,2 ,
4
13
3 2 3
0,2 .
4
3 2 3
f x x x2 3 x 0,2 .
.
x 2 x 3 , x 0, 3
f x
2
, x 3,2
x x 3
mathematica -13

x
1
2x 1 , x 0, 3
2
3
0
2
f x
f (x) 2x 1
+
0 0
, x 3,2
2x 1
f
f (x) 2x 1
+
1
0,
f (x)
9 . 0
9 .
2
.
.
3,2 ,
, 3 .
2
f :
1 13
: f 0 3,f 3 3. : f ,f 2 3.
2 4

.
1 13
fmax f
fmin f 3 3 .
2 4
13
fmin f x fmax 3 f x
x 0,2 .
4
13
13
, 3 x2 3 x , x 0,2 . , 3 2 3 , [0,2].
4
4

4
2
2
z, w | z | zw 1,| w | zw 3 .
1.
| z w | 2 .
2.
z w
, .
z w .
3.
4.
z, w
.
:
1.
, z w (z w)(z w) z zw wz w 1 3 4
z w 2.
( )
, zw R zw R zw zw ,
:
z zw 1 zz zw 1 z z w 1
2
w zw 3 ww zw 3 w z w 3
2
mathematica -14
:
2
z z w w z w 4 z w z w 4 z w 4 z w 2.
2.
, : z z w 1
, z z w 1 z z w 1 z z w 1 2 z 1 z
z

1
.
2
1
2
1 .
w z w 3
:
wz w 3
z
3/2
1/2
wz w 3
3
w z w 3 2 w 3 w .
2
w
3
2
2 .
3.
z w (z w)(z w) z zw wz w z (1 z ) (3 w ) w
1
9
2 4 1.
4
4
2
z w 1 z w 1.
z w 1.
2
2 z 2 w 4 2
4.
A, B z, w ,
C1 C2 AB z w 1 . A, B, O
, ABO
:
OB OA AB
3 1
3 3
1 .
2 2
2 2

A,B z,w
zw 1
z w z w z w z w
3 1 2
z
2 2 2
mathematica -15
AB OA BO AO OB AO OB
, , OA,OB
O, A,B .
5
2
z 2(t)z (5 4t) 0, t [0, ] .
:
1.
z1 , z 2 .
2.
| z1 z 2 | .
3.
| z1 z 2 | .
:
1.
, 4 2 t 20 16t 4 1 2t 20 16t
4 42t 20 16t 2t 4 0, t 2 .
z1 t t 2 i z 2 t t 2 i.
2

z1 t 2 t i x yi
y
3
x 1,1 , 1 y 2 t [0, ] .
x t
x t
.
y 2 t 2 y t
2
2
t t 1
x 2 y 2 1 .
0, 2
x2 y 2 1
2
-1
z1
0, 2 1 x 1,1 , 1 y 2 .
z 2
t t 2 i x yi x 1,1 ,
2 y 1 t [0, ] .
x t
x t
y t 2
y 2 t
t t 1 x y 2 1 .
2
y
-2
-1
x-12 y 2 1
2
-2
(0,-2)
-3
z 2
0, 2 1 1 x 1,1 , 2 y 1 .
mathematica -16
2.
z1 z 2 (2t 4)i ,
| z1 z 2 | 2t 4 .
| z1 z 2 |
2t 4 ,
t 0 t max | z1 z 2 | 4.
/2
-2
3.
z1 z 2 2t ,
| z1 z 2 | 2t .
| z1 z 2 |
2t , t 0
y
4
y 2t
x
/2
t max | z1 z 2 | 2 .
-2
z t (t 1)i, t [0,1] . :
1.
2.
z.
3.
4.
w .
5.
| z w | .
6.
| w | | z w | k [0, 4] .
| z | .
w (k 2 2) (k 2 1)i,k R. :
| w | .
1.
z x iy,x,y R ,
x t
x iy t t 1 i
x 0,1
y t 1
y 1, 0 t 0,1 . , t
,
x y 1.
y
-1
x
2
-1
-2
z
x y 1 , x 0,1 y 1, 0 .
A 1,0 B 0, 1 .
mathematica -17
2.
z

.
0 01
2
min z (OM) d O,
.
2
11
-1
-1
-2
w x iy,x,y R ,
x k 2 2
2
2
k R
x iy k 2 k 1 i
2
y
2
2
x 2 k 0 y 1 k 0 . k
x y 3.
3.
1 y
x
-1
-1
K 2, 1
-2
-3
w 1 : x y 3
x 2 y 1.
4.

1 : y x 3 .
y x
1 . y x
y
1
x
-1
3 3
y x 3 ,
2 2
1 : x y 3
w

K 2, 1 3.
K 2, 1
-1
3
3
,
2
2
-2
-3
min w OK 5.
5.
AB
1 : y x 3 .
1 0
1

21
1 : y x 3 z w
z
A 1,0 w K 2, 1 . ,
min z w AK 2.
mathematica -18
B 0, 1
A 1, 0
K 2, 1
6.
k 0, 4
w

1 ,
2, 1
18,15
y
W
max|w-z|
ZA
min|w-z|
ZB
Wk
18,15 :
K 2, 1
k 0, 4 0 k 4 0 k 2 16 2 k 2 2 18 2 x 18
k 0, 4 0 k 4 0 k 2 16 1 k 2 1 15 1 y 15 .
, max w O 549 max z w B 580.

7
1.
w 2 w 1 0.
z1 , z 2 z12 z1z 2 z 22 0.
2.
: z1 z 2 .
3.
: z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
4.
z1 z 2
N z z 0, u
z1 z 2
.
: .- . ( )
*
1.
1
3
i .
3 0 w1,2
2 2
2.
z12 z1z 2 z 22 0 z 22 z12 z1z 2 (1).
(1) z 2
(1)
z z z z z z12z 2 z1 ( z12 z1z 2 ) z12z 2 z13 z12z 2 z13 .

3
2
2
1 2
3
1
2
1 2
3
| z | | z 2 | | z1 || z 2 | .

z12 z1z 2 z 22 0.
z 2 0 z12 0 z1 0 z1 0 z 2 .
2
z z
z 1 2 z 1z 2 z 2 2
0
z 2 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0.
z2
z2
z2
z2
z2 z2
mathematica -19
z1
w 2 w 1 0 1
z2
1
3
z
1
3
w
i 1
i
2 2
z2
2 2
2
2
z1
1
3
1 3
4
1 3

i

1 z1 z 2 .

z2
2 2
4 4
4
2 2
z1 z 2 .

z1 z 2
z12 z1z 2 z 22 0
z2
2
1
z1z 2 z 22 0 z13 z 23 0 z13 z 32 .
z13 z 23 z13 z 32 z1 z 2 .
3.
A z1 0 , z12 z1z 2 z 22 0
z 2 0 .
z1z 2 0 , :
z12 z1z 2 z22 z1 (z1 z 2 ) z 22 | z1 || z1 z 2 || z 2 |2

|z1| |z 2 |
| z1 z 2 || z 2 | | z1 z 2 || z 2 || z1 | .

2.
,
z1
1
3

i.
z2
2 2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1
1
3
1
3
1
i 1
i
z2
z2 z2 z2
2 2
2 2
2
2
z1 z 2
1
3
1 3

i
1 z1 z 2 z 2 .
z2
2
2
2 2
z1 z 2 2. z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
4.
u u .
2
z1 z
1
z1z 2 0, | z1 || z 2 | | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 2 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 2
2
z
2
z2
, u
z1 z 2
z1 z 2
mathematica -20
v
v
2 2
2 z 2 z 1

z
z
z1 z 2 v
z1 v z 2 v
1 v 2 v
u.
v
v
v
v
2
2
z
z
z
z

1
2
2 2 1

z1 z 2
z1 z 2

8
z1 , z 2 , z 3
A, B, , : z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 z 3 1, z 2 2 .
1.
Re(z1 z 2 ) 0.
2.
. z1 z 2 z1 z 2 .
. OAB .
3.
Re(z 2 z 3 ) Re(z1 z 3 ).
4.
. A, B, .
. A B.
: . ( )
1.
, z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 2z 2 9 z 3
(z1 2z 2 )(z1 2z 2 ) 9
2
z1 z1 2z1 z 2 2z 2 z1 4z 2 z 2 9 z1 2(z1 z 2 z1 z 2 ) 4 z 2 9
1 4Re(z1 z 2 ) 42 9 Re(z1 z 2 ) 0.
2.
. z1 z 2 (z1 z 2 )(z1 z 2 ) z1 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 z 2 z 2
z1 (z1 z 2 z 2 z1 ) z 2 z1 2Re(z1 z 2 ) z 2
(1)
z1 z 2 .
2
2
2
. z1 z 2 z1 z 2 (AB) (OA) (OB) .
, OAB
AOB 90o.
2
3.
,
2
z1 2z 2 3z 3 2z 2 3z 3 z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1
(2z 2 3z 3 )(2z 2 3z 3 ) 1 4z 2 z 2 6z 2 z 3 6z 3 z 2 9z 3 z 3 1
2
4 z 2 6(z 2 z 3 z 3 z 2 ) 9 z 3 1 42 6(z 2 z 3 z 2 z 3 ) 9 1
4
17 12Re(z 2 z 3 ) 1 12Re(z 2 z 3 ) 16 Re(z 2 z 3 ) .
3
,
2
z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 3z 3 2z 2 z1 3z 3 2z 2 z1 3z 3 4 z 2
mathematica -21
(z1 3z 3 )(z1 3z 3 ) 42 z1 z1 3z1 z 3 3z 3 z1 9z 3 z 3 8

2
z1 3(z1 z 3 z 3 z1 ) 9 z 3 8
1
1 3(z1 z 3 z1 z 3 ) 9 8 10 6Re(z1 z 3 ) 8 6Re(z 1 z 3 ) 2 Re(z 1 z 3 ) .
3
4.
. , z1 2z 2 3z 3 z1 z 3 2z 3 2z 2 z1 z 3 2(z 3 z 2 )
OA O 2(O OB) A 2B A, B,
.
2
. (A)2 z 3 z1 (z 3 z 1 )(z 3 z 1 ) z 3 z 3 z 3 z 1 z 1z 3 z 1z 1
2
4
2
2
2 3
z 3 2Re(z1 z 3 ) z1 1 1 . (A)
.
3
3
3
2
, (B)2 z 3 z 2 (z 3 z 2 )(z 3 z 2 ) z 3 z 3 z 3 z 2 z 2 z 3 z 2 z 2
8
1
2
2
3
z 3 2Re(z 2 z 3 ) z 2 1 2 (B)
.
3
3
3

9
z1 i, z 2 i ,, ,
z1 z 2 1 . x 2 2 z1 z 2 x 2 0
x1 ,x2 . :
1.
x1 , x 2 .
2.
x1 x2 2 .
3.
x1 x2 4 z1 z 2 8.
x x
w 1 2
x 2 x1
.
:
4.
1.
,, , 0 , ,
, z1 , z 2
,
, 1, 0 0,1 .
0 z1 z 2 2 AB .
:
0,1 y
z1
z2
x
1, 0
4 z1 z 2 2 0 . 2 x1 , x 2 ,
.
mathematica -22
2.
x1 x1 x2 .
2
x1x2 2 x1x2 2 x1 x2 2 x1 2.
x1 x2 2.
3.
x1,2
i
.
2
2
, x1 x 2
i i
i
2
4 z1 z 2 8 .
2
2
x1 x2 4 z1 z 2 8.
4.
x
x1 x2 x1 x1 x1 x1
2Re 1 R.
x2 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
x1
x x
x 2 x22 x1 x2 2x1x2
, w 1 2 1
. x1 x2 2(z1 z 2 )
x2 x1
x1x2
x1x2
2
4 z1 z 2 4
2
2 z1 z 2 2 2.
x1x2 2. , w
2
2 z1 z 2 ( x1,2 i 2 ) .
10
z 6 t 8 t i, t 0.
1. z 6 8i .
2. z.
3. z
.
4. t 0 , z
1 3 .
5. t 0 R , w z 1
.

z 1
1. , z 6 8i 6 t 8i t i 6 8i
z 6 8i t t i 2 t 2 t 1.
2. 1. z 6 8i 1 z 6 8i 1 .
z , K 6, 8
1.
mathematica -23
3. M(x, y)
(x 6)2 (y 8)2 1 . OK ,
A,B.
(OK) d(K,O) 62 82 10.

OB (OM) (OA).
z max (OA) (OK) 10 1 11
(6,8)
(x,y)
z min (OB) (OK) 10 1 9 .
4. t 0 z
1 3 . ,
Re z Im z 6 t 8 t t 1 t 1.
, ,
.
.
t 1
2
2

. t t 2,.
t 1
t 0, z
1 3 .

: y x 1 3 .
y o x0
x0 ,y 0 6,8
86
2
2 1 .
2
2
1 1
, t 0
z 1 3 .
d K,

z M(x,x),x R
99
(x 6)2 (y 8)2 1 (x 6)2 (x 8)2 1 x 2 14x
0
2
196 198 4 0 . t 0,
z 1 3 .
5. t 0 z 7 8i . ,
8 8i
w z 1
7 8i 1
8 8i
8 8i
z1
7 8i 1
8 8i
128
i
w 8 8i w 8 8 i .
16 16
16
16
mathematica -24
0 128.
16

11
2(x y)(1 i)
*
z
x,y R .
x yi
x 2 y 2 2xy
x2 y2
1.
Re z 2
Im z 2 2

x2 y2
x y2
x,y R* .
w R Im w 0 8
2.
3.
z.

z.
z .
:
4.
:
(2x 2xi 2y 2yi)(x yi) 2x 2 2y 2 4xy 2x 2 2y 2
2
i
1.
, z
x2 y2
x2 y2
x y2
x2 y 2 2xy
x2 y 2
2
2 2
i.
x2 y 2
x y2
x2 y 2
x 2 y 2 2xy
.
Re z 2
Im z 2 2
x y2
x2 y2
2.
z i, , R ,
2
x y 2 2xy
x2 y2
2xy
2xy
2xy
2
2
2
1 2
1 2
2
2
2
2
2
x y
2 x y x y
2
x y
2
x y2
x2 y2
x2 y2
2 2
2
x y2
2 x y2
2
2 2xy x y

2
2
2
2
2 2 x y x y
2
2xy x 2 y 2
2
2x y y x 2x y y
x y
x y
4x 2 y 2 x 2
y2
y2
y2
2
2
2
2

1 2 2 4 z
2 2
K(2, 0) 2.
mathematica -25
3.
M(x, y)
(x 2) y 4 .
2
x 0 y 0 (0 2) 0 4 .
O(0, 0)
2
-1
(2,0)
-1
(x 2) y 4 ,
-2
.
| z |min 0
OK , A.
(OM) (OA).
(OK) 2 , Z max (OA) (OK) 2 2 4.
2
4.
z z1 4
OK ( xx ) .

12
z | z 1 || z 2 9z 20 | | z 4 | , 0 .
1.
:
| z |2 16 2
. z z
.
4
. (1 2 ) | z |2 (52 1)(z z) 252 1.
. | z | 2.
2.
3.
z.
z.
1.
. ,
0
z 4 z 4 2 (z 4)(z 4) 2 zz 4z 4z 16 2
2
4(z z) z 16 z z
2
z 16 2
4
. ,
()
z 1 z 9z 20 z 1 (z 4)(z 5) z 1 z 4 z 5
2
z 1 z 5 z 1 2 z 5 (z 1)(z 1) 2 (z 5)(z 5)
2
zz z z 1 2 (zz 5z 5z 25) z (z z) 1 2 ( z 5(z z) 25)

2
z (z z) 1 2 z 52 (z z) 252
2
z (z z) 2 z 52 (z z) 252 1
2
(1 2 ) z (52 1)(z z) 252 1.

mathematica -26
z 16 2
2
2
252 1
. , 1.. , (1 ) z (5 1)
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
(4 4 ) z (5 1)( z 16 ) 100 4
2
(2 3) z 54 192 12 (2 3) z (2 3)(52 4)
2
z 52 4 4 z 2.
2.
z 52 4 z 5 z 4 4 x2 y 2 5(x 4)2 5y 2 4
4x2 4y 2 40x 84 0 x2 y 2 10x 21 0

(x2 10x 25) y 2 25 21 (x 5)2 y 2 4.
z K(5, 0) 2.
3.
2 y

OK , A.

(OA) (OM). ,
z min (OA) (OK) 5 2 3.
1
-2
-1
(5,0)
-1
-2
z 4
.
2
z 4 x 4 y 2 2
z 1 2 x 1 y 2 42
2
z 52 4
z 5 2 x 5 y2 4
2

4 .
13
z, w C z (3i 4) 5iz 2 0, .. w (4 3i) 5iw 2 0 .

2
1.
z w (4 3i) 5i(z w) 2 0 .
2.
q q
1
1.
z
1.
z 0 w 0 .
2
z 0 w (4 3i) 5iw 2 0.
mathematica -27
w 0 z (3i 4) 5iz 2 0.
z 0 w 0
5iz
4 3i
2
5iw
w (4 3i) 5iw 2 0 ww (4 3i) 5iw 2 w
4 3i

5i z w z w
5iw 5iz
5i(z w) z w
zw
zw
z w z w
4 3i 4 3i
4 3i
4 3i
2
z (4 3i) 5iz 2 0 zz (4 3i) 5iz 2 z
zw
5i z w
4 3i
zw
4 3i 5i z w
0.

z x yi, x,y R .
2
, z (3i 4) 5iz 2 0, :
(x2 y 2 )(4 3i) 5i(x2 y 2 2xyi) 0

4(x2 y 2 ) 3i(x2 y 2 ) 10xy 5i(x2 y 2 ) 0 (4x2 4y 2 10xy) (8x 2 2y 2 )i 0
2x 2 2y 2 5xy 0 (1)
2
2
y 4x (2)
H (2) y 2x .
y 2x (1): 2x 2 8x 2 10x 2 0 x 0, y 0 z 0 .
y 2x (1): 2x 2 8x 2 10x 2 0 .
, z x 2xi, x R .
, w 2i, R .
, () z, w () : y 2x .
, z x1 iy1 y1 2x1 w x2 iy 2 y 2 2x2
u :
u z w x1 iy1 x 2 iy 2 x1 x 2 y1 y 2 i
x1 x2 2x1 2x2 i x1 x2 2 x1 x2 i.
Im u 2Re u , u
z, w () : y 2x
2
u (3i 4) 5iu2 0 z w (3i 4) 5i(z w) 2 0 .
2.
z x yi, x, R* .
5i x yi
5iz
z
x-yi
x-yi 4 3i 5xi 5y
4 3i
4 3i
4x+3xi-4yi+3y 5xi 5y 4x+3y + 3x-4y i 5y 5xi
mathematica -28
5y 4x 3y
2y 4x
y 2x.
-5x=3x-4y
-8x=-4y
z x 2xi,x 0 .
1
1
x-2xi
x(1-2i)
1-2i
1
2i
q 1
1 2
1
1
1
1
2
2
z
x 2xi
x 4x
5x
5x
5x
5x
1
2
A q X Yi , X 1 , Y .
5x
5x
2 :
2X Y 2 Y 2X 2 () 1,0 0, 2 .

xy 0 ,
2
1 2
x2 2x 2i 2x 2i 4x 2 x 2xi 5x x 2x
1
2 i 1 i
q 1
2
2
2
x 4x
5x
5x
5x 5x
z
1
2
A q X Yi , X 1 , Y .
5x
5x
2 :
2X Y 2 Y 2X 2 () 1,0 0, 2 .
14
2
2
2
2
z, w C zw 1 . ,, , R 0
(z z) i(z z) (zz 1) (zz 1) 0 , :
1.
2.
3.
z .
z
, w .
z
, w
.
:
1.
z x yi, x, y R ,
(z z) i(z z) (zz 1) (zz 1) 0
2x 2y x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2 0
( )x 2 ( )y 2 2x 2y ( ) 0 (1)
, (1) 2x 2y 2 0 x y 0 (2)
(2) ,
2
2
2
2
2
2
x y , 0
2
2
( )
x
y
0 (3)
(1) x 2 y 2
( )
( )
( )
mathematica -29
2 2
2
2
A B 4
2
2
2
2
4 4 4( )( ) 4( 2 2 )
0.
( )2
( )2
( )2

(3)
,

4( 2 2 2 2 )
( ) 2
2 2 2 2
.
2
z .
2.
z
, (3) 0 ,

x 2 y 2 x y 0 ,
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
.
2
2
2 2
i
.. 1 .
2 2
2
2 2
i
z 0

.
2
2 2
z 0
z
1
w
z z0 z0
z0
2 2
1
2
1 wz 0
1
z0 z0
z 0 1 wz 0 w z 0
w
w
z0 0
1
1
1
w w z0 z0
w w z0 w
w0
z0
z0
z0
w
1
A O 0 0i .
z0

z ,
(3) 0 ,
mathematica -30

x 2 y 2 x y 0 ,
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
.
2
2
2 2
i
. w k mi, k, m R .
z
2 2
2
,
w 0
1
i 1 i
i
1 i
zw 1 z z
w
2 2 w 2 2
2 2
w 2 2
2 w wi
2 2
2 2
1 i
w 2 2
2
2 w
2
2 k mi ki m w 2 2
(2 k m)2 (m k)2 2 2 k 2 m2
4 2 k 22 2m2 4k 4m 2km m22 2mk k 22

k 22 m22 2m2 k 22
0
4k 4m 4 0 k m 0 (4) .
2
(4)
2
2
2
2
2
2
k m , 0 .
3.
z x y 0 (5).
0
xk ym 1
zw 1 (x yi)(k mi) 1 xk xmi kyi ym 1
mx ky 0
k
m
x 2
k m2
k 2 m2
k
m
(5) 2
2
0 (k 2 m2 ) k m 0
2
2
k m
k m
2
2
2
k 2 m2 k m 0 (k 2 2 k 2 ) (m2 2 m 2 ) 2 2
2
4
2
4
4 4
2
2

(k )2 (m )2
.
2
2
42
2 2

,

2
2
2
,
.
mathematica -31
15
, C* z1 , z 2 z 2 z 2 0 .
:
1.
2.
3.
| || | 1 | z1 | 2 | z 2 | 2.
| z1 || z 2 | ,
.
R , 1 , | z1 || z 2 | .
2
z2
:
1.
z1 , z 2 z 2 z 2 0.
, z z1 z z 2 0 z 2 zz 2 z1z z1z 2 0 z 2 z1 z 2 z z1z 2 0.

z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 1.
z1 z 2 2 z1 z 2 2 z1 z 2 1.
z2
z1z 2 1
z1 2 z1 z 2 2 z 2 z1z 2 2 z 2 1 2 z 2 z 2
1
(1)
2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z 2 1 z 2 .
1 z 2 z1 z1 2 1 z 2 2 z 2 1
(1). z1 2 z1 2.
z 2 2.
z1
2.
z1 z 2 0 z1 z1 z 2 z 2
z
2
2
2
2
2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
w
z1
z2
z z2
1
.
z1 z 2
z1 z 2
z1 z 2
z z2
w
1
.
z1z 2
w.
z1 z 2 z1z 2 , w
2
2
w R .
3.
mathematica -32
k,k R 2k.
2
z1 z 2 2k z1z 2 2 .
(z1 z 2 )2
: (z1 z 2 ) 4k (z1 z 2 ) 4k z1z 2
k2 R .
4z1z 2
2
2 2
(z1 z 2 ) 2 (z1 z 2 ) 2
4z1z 2
4z1 z 2
2
(z12 2z1z 2 z 22 )z1 z 2 (z1 2z1 z 2 z 2 )z1z 2

2
z12 z1 z 2 z 22 z1 z 2 z1 z1z 2 z 2 z1z 2 0

z1 z1 (z1 z 2 z1z 2 ) z 2 z 2 (z1 z 2 z1z 2 ) 0
2
1
z2
(z z
1
z1z 2 ) 0.
z1 z1
z
1 R .
z2 z2
z2
.
z1 z 2 z1z 2 0
16
z 2 2 ,z C* ,(1).
z
1.
z1 z 2 (1).
2.
v ,
z1v z 2v 0 .
3.
x y ,
1
1
1
( i)2011 i 16 2 2 .
x yi
z1 z 2
4.
z ,
z z12 z z 42 .
. z 0 .
. z 7 i .
:
2
4
z 2 2 z 2 2 z 2 2 2z 4 0 .
z
z
2 2 i2 2
z 2 i 2
.
8 z1,2
1
2
z
i
2
1.
2.
z1v z 2v 0
2 i 2
2 i 2
1 i
v
1 i
mathematica -33
1 i 1 i 0 1 i i 1 i 0 1 i i 1 i 0
v
1 i 0 1 i
v
0 1 i 0
v 4. ( i) 1 . 2
v 4 2 0,1,2,... .
3.
1
1 1
1
1 z 22 z12
2011
16
2011
i i 2 2
i 16 2 2
x iy
z1 z 2
x iy
i
z1 z 2
z z 2 2z1z 2 x iy i 1
1
1
i 4502 3
1
4
2
x iy
x2 y 2
z 1z 2
i4
2
2 2
24
42
x
x2 y 2 1
x
iy
x
y
2
i 1 2
1 2
i 1
2
2
2
2
2
x y
x y
x y
x y
1 y 0
x 2 y 2
1
x y .
2
4.
z42
z12
2 i 2
2 i 2
1 i
2
1 i 4 1 i
4
2 2
4i
4 2i 16 .
2
z z12 z z42 z 4i z 16 z 4i z 16 .
z
4i 16 1 : 4x y 30 0 .
( z 2 4 )
4
4i
z 24 z1 z14 z12
16 16 .
y
.
1 : 4x y 30 0x

.
z
120 30
O 0, 0 1 B ,
17 17
1
2 : y x .
4

120 30
. B
,
17
17
120 30
zo
i.
17 17
mathematica -34
. z 7 i z 7 i .
(-7,1)

7 i
1 : 4x y 30 0 .
y
7 i
1 : 4x y 30 0
A 7,1 7 i ,
min z 7 i d A,1
4( 7) 1 30
4 2 12
3
.
17

17
z (k t) (k t)i t R k 1 .
1.
2.
z.
w y x (k 1) ,
5 2
1 .
2
k E2 z
| z z | .
k | z w |min
3.
4.
k E2 | w 3 4i | .
5.
u u ( 1 mt) ( 1 mt)i ,
m u
.
k, m E2 E5 ,
| z u | .
6.
1.
z x yi, x, y R
x k t,y k t. ,
2 (t) 2 (t) 1 (x k)2 (y k)2 1 .

z
A(k, k) 1 1 k 1.
|z-w|min
A(,)
x
| 3k 1 |
1 k 1 ,
2
| 3k 1 |
. | z w |min d(A,) 1
1
2
5 2
| 3k 1 |
5 2
| z w |min
1
1
1 | 3k 1 | 5 k 2 , k 1 .
2
2
2
2.
d(A,)
mathematica -35
3.
k 2 z (2 t) (t 2)i .
z i, , R 2 (t) (t) 2
2 (t) 2 (t) 1 ( 2)2 ( 2)2 1 . ' z

B(2, 2) 2 1 1.

1 k 2 | z (2 2i) | 1 | z (2 2i) | 1
z B(2, 2) 2 1 1 .
z z
(2 t) (2 t)i (2 t) (2 t)i 4
2(2 t)i
| z z |min 2 1 2
| z z |max 2 3 6
max|2-t|
min|2-t|
x
6
4.
| w 3 4i || w (3 4i) |
w K(3, 4).
| 3 4 1|
0 (
| w 3 4i |min d(K, )
2
K ) .
5.
u i, , R .
1
1
(t)
( m 0 m 0 , u
, (t)
m
m
(1, 1).
( 1) 2 ( 1) 2
1 ( 1)2 ( 1) 2 m2 u
2
2
m
m
( 1, 1) 3 m .
O(0, 0) (0 1)2 (0 1)2 m2 m2 2 m 2 .

w
m R u 0 0i
1
1 mt 0
m
1 mt 0 t 1
m
2
2
2
1 1
2
2
t t 1 1 2 1 m 2 2 m 2.
m
m m
mathematica -36
6.
c z u (k t) (k t)i ( 1 mt) ( 1 mt)i

(k t) (k t)i (1 mt) (1 mt)i
(k t 1 mt) (k t 1 mt)i
k 1 (1 m)t (k 1 (1 m)t) i
c x yi,x, y R
x k 1 (1 m)t x (k 1) (1 m)t,
..y k 1 (1 m)t y (k 1) (1 m)t
2
2
x (k 1) y (k 1) (1 m)2 2t (1 m)2 2t
x (k 1) y (k 1)
2
x 3 y 3
2
k2
(1 m) x 3 y 3 (1 2)2
2
m 2
(1 2)2
x 3 y 3
2
(3,3)
(x,y)
M(x, y)
(1 2)2
(3,3)
(x,y)
M(x, y)
(x 3)2 (y 3)2 1 2 .
(x 3)2 (y 3)2
OK ,
A,B.
OK ,
A,B.
(OK) d(K,O) 32 32 3 2.

(OK) d(K,O) 32 32 3 2.

OB (OM) (OA).
C min
2 1 .
OB (OM) (OA).
C max (OA) (OK)
C max (OA) (OK)
.. 3 2 1 2 4 2 1
(OB) (OK)
.. 3 2 2 1 4 2 1
(OB) (OK)
.... 3 2 1 2 2 2 1.
C min
.... 3 2 2 1 2 2 1.
mathematica -37
18
2
2
z, w 4 | z | 2zw 1,| w | 2zw 3 .
1.
| 2z w | 2.
2.
z w
, .
| 6z w | .
3.
4.

z w .
:
:
1.
4 z 2 1
R .
4 z 2zw 1 2zw 4 z 1 zw
zw zw
2
2z w (2z w)(2z w) 4zz 2zw 2wz ww
2
4 z 2zw w 2zw 4 z 2zw w 2zw 4
, 2z w 2.
2.
, w 2zw 3 ww 2zw 3 w(w 2z) 3
1
3
w w 2z 3 2 w 3 w .
2
zw wz
K 4 z 2zw 1 4zz 2zw 1 4zz 2zw 1

1
1
.
4
z
2z(2z w) 1 2z 2z w 1 4 z 1 z
1
, w
4
3
2 .
2
1
1
3
4 1
1
3
4
4
3.
zw zw 16
2
2
2
8
6z w (6z w)(6z w) 36zz 6zw 6wz ww

2
36 z 12zw w
mathematica -38
zw zw
36
3 9 9 18 9
12 0
16
8 4 4 4 4
6z w 0 . A 6z B w ,
A B .
4.
z w (z w)(z w) zz zw wz ww
zw wz
1
1 49
3 9 1 3 9
2
3
16
16 16
8 4 16 4 4
7
7
z w . z w min z w max .
4
4

3 A 6z
B w , z ,
,O,B
2
z 2zw w
OB O .
3 1 7
z w B BO O .
2 4 4

3 6z w 0 6z w 0 w 6z .
1
4
z w z ( 6z) z 6z 7z 7 z 7
7
1
z
4
4
7
4
z w min z w max z w .
19
z f (z)
i
.
| z 2 | | z 1|
1.
z f (z).
2.
| f (z) | 1.
3.
f (z) i , :
. N | z 1| Re(z) 1.
. Re(z).
. z , z
3 .
:
1.
| z 2 | | z 1| 0 | z 2 || z 1| . :
| z 2 | | z 1| 0 | z 2 || z 1|| z 2 |2 | z 1|2
z 2 z 2 z 1 z 1 zz 2z 2z 4 zz z z 1
z z 3 2Re z 3 Re z
3
. f (z)
2
3
z Re(z) .
2
mathematica -39
2.
| f (z) ||
i
1
1
|=
1.
| z 2 | | z 1| || z 2 | | z 1 || z 2 z 1
i
i | z 2 | 1 | z 1|
| z 2 | | z 1|
:
3.
. f (i) i
z 2 1 z 1 z 2 z 2 1 2 z 1 z 1 z 1
2
zz 2z 2z 4 1 2 z 1 zz z z 1 2 z 1 2 z z
2 z 1 2 2Re z z 1 1 Re z .
. 0 z 1 1 Re(z) 1 Re(z) 0 1 Re(z) Re(z) 1.

. z 1 1 Re(z) z x yi x, y R
(x 1)2 y 2 (1 x)2
y 0
.
(x 1)2 y 2 1 x
1
1
z y 0 x 1.
20
1.
(z 3 i)(z 4 2i).
2.
z 2 (1 3i)z 14 2i 0 (1).
3.
z1 ,z 2 (1) Re(z1 ) 0 A,B,

z1 ,z 2 z 3 3 i . AB
.
M(z)
z
(MA)2 2(MB)2 2(M)2 30.
4.
1.
,
z 3 i z 4 2i z 2 4z 2iz 3z 12 6i iz 4i 2
z 3 i z 4 2i z 2 1 3i z 14 2i.
2.
z 4 2i
z 2 1 3i z 14 2i 0 z 3 i z 4 2i 0 1
z 2 3 i
3.
z1 ,z 2 z 3 3 i
A 4, 2 , B 3, 1 3,1 .
AB z1 z 2
4 2i 3 i 7 i 50 ,
mathematica -40
A z1 z 3 4 2i 3 i 1 3i 10
B z 2 z 3 3 i 3 i 6 2i 40 .
2
2
2
AB A B
AB .

z1 ,z 2 z 3 3 i A 4, 2 ,
B 3, 1 3,1 .
3 4, 1 2 7,1
3 4,1 2 1,3
3 3,1 1 6,2
7 1
21 1 20 0
1 3
,,
1,3 6,2 6 6 0
.
4.
z x iy,x,y R M x,y .
det ,
MA 2 MB 2 M 30
2
xM x A
yM y A
xM x
yM y
xM xB
yM yB
30
x 4 y 2 2 x 3 y 1
2
2 x 3 y 1 30
2
x2 y 2 16x 12y 10 0.
x2 y 2 Ax By 0 A 16, B 12, 10
A B
A2 B2 4 440 0 . K , 8, 6
2 2
A 2 B2 4
440
110.

2
2

21
z1 , z 2
z1
z
z2
1
2,Im(z) 0 .
z
1.
z .
mathematica -41
2.
N * z12 z 22 .
3.
4.
z 95 z 94 ... z 1 0 .
z 2 y 2x 1 ,
z 1 ,
.
OAB , O, A,B
0, z1 , z 2 .
5.
6.
OAB (5) .
:
1
2,Im(z) 0
z
2
(1 i) Im(z) 0 .
z 2 2z 1 0 z
2
1.
2.
z1
2
z
(1 i)
z2
2
2
2
z
2
(z1 )2 (z 2 )2 1
(1 i) 1 4k,k Z .
z2
2
2
3.
1 z ... z 94 z 95
1 1 , z 96 .
z 961
0
z 1
z 1
z 96 (z 2 )48 i 48 i 410 i 0 1 .
4.
z 2 i,z1 x yi
z1
2
z x yi
(1 i)( i) 2 1
2
z2
y 3x 2 z 1 .
5.
z1
2
z
(1 i)
z2
2
| z1 |
2
(1 i) 1 | z1 || z 2 | , .
| z2 |
2
6.
mathematica -42
A y 3x 2 B y 2x 1 z1 , z 2
2
2
) y A
(3 1)
2
2
OA OB

xB ,y B 2 1 R . , t
OA OB
x A ( 1)(
2
B
t 45 A
2
180 45 135
67o 30 .

2
2

22
z 3 8i
z C {2i} f (z)
.
z 2i
1.
z 2i , f (z) z 2 2iz 4 .
2.
f (1 i) .
3.
f (z) z 2 2iz 4 .
4.
f (z) 2iz z 6 .
5.
z 1 , f (z)
7 .
:
1.
z 3 8i z 3 (2i)3 (z 2i)(z 2 2iz 4)
z 2 2iz 4 .
f (z)
z 2i
z 2i
z 2i
2.
| f (1 i) || (1 i)2 2i(1 i) 4 || 4i 6 | 42 ( 6)2 2 13 .
3.
f (z) | z 2 | 2iz 4 z 2 2iz 4 | z 2 | 2iz 4 z 2 | z 2 |

z 2 | z 2 | 0 z 2 zz 0 z(z z) 0 .
, z 0 z z 0 z R ,
.
4.
f (z) 2iz z 6 z 2 2iz 4 2iz z 6 z 2 z 2 0 .
(1) z x iy, x,y R (1)
x iy
x iy 2 0 x2 y 2 x 2 2xy y i 0 .
x2 y 2 x 2 0 (2) y(2x 1) 0 (3) .

(3)
y 0 x2 x 2 0 R
mathematica -43
1
11
11
x y
y
2
2
2
1
11
1
11
i,z 2
i.
z1
2
2
2
2
5.
| z | 1 .
| f(z) || 2i || z | | 4 | | z |2 | f(z) | 7 ,
f (z)
O(0,0) 7 .
-7
-7
23
z z
1.
z .
2.
3.
z z 2 .
(1) .
4.
2005
z 2008 1 1 .
z Im z 0 , (1)
z
R .
w
z
. w .
. , w .
:
1.
: z
2.
z 1 0 z 0 , z 1 zz 1 z
2005
3.
z 2008
2005
.z
2008
1 z
4013
1 z 1 .
1
z
2005
1
1
1 z 2008 1 z 3 1 z 2 z 1 z 2 z 2 z .
z
z
2005
1 z 3 1 (z 1)(z 2 z 1) 0 .
1
3
1
3
i,z 3
i.
z1 1,z 2
2 2
2 2
4.
1
3
i.
, z
2 2
mathematica -44
z 2008 1 z 2005 z 2005 z 3 1 (zz)2005 z 3 1 ( z )2005 z 3 1
1
3
i
2 1
2
2
w 2
. w
1
1
3

i
2 2
.
x -
-1
1
+

2
+ 0 0 +
1

+
+
+
(2 1)2
2 1
f () 2
, R .
f ()
+
+
1
lim f (x) 1
.
f()
2(2 1)
9
0
9
.
f
(
1)
3
,
f () 2
lim f (x) 1
1
( 1)2
f (1)
f () 0 1 1.
2 1
2 1
lim f () lim 2
1
lim
f
()
lim
1

1

2 1
1
f ( 1) 3 f (1) .
3
f f
1
f ( 1) 3 , 1
3
1
. w 3
.
3
3

24
z1 , z 2 Im(z1 ) 0 z1 | z 2 | z 2 | z1 | 40(1)
z1z 2 25(2) .
f (1)
1.
z 1 z 2 .
2.
w z1 i , .
3.
N * z z1 z 2 .
z1 , z 2 z .
:
25
(1)
z1
z
z
z
z
2
25 25
40
8
8
z1
z1 40 1 1
1 1 z12 z1 z1 z1 (3)
z1 z1
z1 z1 25
z1 z1 5
5
z1 x yi,x R, y 0 (3)
2
8
x yi x 2 y 2 x yi x 2 y 2
5
8
x 2 2xyi y 2 x 2 y 2 x yi x 2 y 2
5
1.
z1z 2 25 z 2
mathematica -45
2 8
2 4
2
2
2
2
2x
x
x
y
x
x
x
y
y
5
5

2xy 8 y x 2 y 2
x 4 x2 y2
5
5
x 0,y 0
4 2
9x 2
3
x
x y 2 25x 2 16(x 2 y 2 ) 9x 2 16y 2 y 2
y x,x 0
5
16
4
3
z1 y x x 0
4
z 2 i,, R
3
y x
4
25
25
25
100
z1z 2 25 z 2
i
i
i
3
z1
x yi
x(4
3i)
x xi
4
100(4 3i)
4(4 3i)
i
i
25x
x
16
16
12
3
x 0 16
12
x 12
x
3
z 2 y x x 0
4
2.
w z1 i z1 0 i MA A z 1
M 0,1 . w , z 1 K
3
M y x .
4
y
4
MK
y x 1
z : y 43 x
3
4
y x 1 M 0,1
4
3
y x1
3

12 9
K ,
3
y x
25 25 x
4
12 9
K , .
25 25
12 9
12 9
12 16
z1
i w z1 i
ii
i
25 25
25 25
25 25
.
1
mathematica -46
z1 z1 i 4 3i (2)
4
4
4
z 2 z 2 4 3i 0 .
z z1 z 2 N* z1 z 2 1
.
2 16 3 48
z
i 4 .
1 2
4
z1 4 3i z 2 4 3i
3.
z z1 z 2 4 3i 4 3i ( ) .
25

2
z 2 z 0,, R z1 z 2 .
i
1.
, R z 2 .
2.
v R , z1v z 2v 16i .
3.
z

2
z z1 z z 2 16 (1) .
4.
z (1) ,
z 4 4i .
:
2
z1 2i z 2 z1 2i .
i
Vieta : z1 z 2 0 z1z 2 4 .
1.
2.
d z1v z 2v (2i)v ( 2i)v i v[2v ( 2) v ] .
v : , d 0 () .
, v : d 16i i v22v 16i i v2v1 16i .
, : 2v1 16 2v1 24 v 3 .
3.
z x yi, x,y R . , :
| x (y 2)i |2 | x (y 2)i |2 16
x2 y 2 4y 4 x2 y 2 4y 4 16 x2 y 2 4
O(0,0) 2 .
mathematica -47
-7
4.
M(z) M(x,y) z 2 ,
(4,4)
M C : x2 y 2 4 N(4,4)
|z-(4+zi)|
(x,y)
ON 4 2 2 .
z 4 4i z 4 4i MN
C
N(4,4) .
z 4 4i min () (ON) 4 2 2
N C N

26
z,w 0 zw zw 0 .
1.
2.
3.
4.
2010
z

w
.
z,w
.
z w z w .
z w

2i .
w z
z
.

w
1,0 .
z
.
w
2012
:
:
1.
zw zw 0
z
z
z
z
z
.
w
w
w
w
w
z
ki .
. k R
w
zw zw 0 zw z w
z

w
2010
ki
2010
k 2010i 2010 k 2010i 2 k 2010 0 .
2.
zw zw 0 zw zw 0 zw zw .
zw m R
zw mi . z i w i ,, , .
mathematica -48
zw i i i . zw
Re zw 0 0 . , M , ,
z w ,
OM , ON , .
OM ON , , 0 ,
.
3.
zw
zw
zw
zw
z
w w 1 w
w
zw .
w
w
w
w
z
z w
z
u .
2i
w
w
w z
w w 1
1 , u u .

z z u
z w
1
1
2
2i u 2i u 2i u 2 2iu 1 0 u i 0 .
w z
u
u
u i B 0,1 . AB 2
.
4.
z
.
w
2012
u 2012 i 2012 i 4503 i 4
503
1503 1 .
27
z : 1 2 | z |2 | z 2 1|2 2 | z 1|2 .
1.
2.
z .
3.
4.
5.
z 2 z 1 0 .
z
.
A z 2012 z 2014 2013 .
1.
z R . z x R .
(z z 1)2 (zz 1)2 0 .
1 2 | z |2 | z 2 1|2 2 | z 1|2 1 2x2 x2 1 2 x 1

2
1 2x2 x4 2x2 1 2 x 1 x4 2 x 1 0 R .
z .
2
mathematica -49
2.
1 2 | z |2 | z 2 1|2 2 | z 1|2 :
1 2z(z) (z 2 1)(z 2 1) 2(z 1)(z 1)

1 2z(z) (zz)2 z 2 (z)2 1 2z(z) 2z 2(z) 2
1 2z(z) (zz)2 z 2 (z)2 1 2z(z) 2z 2(z) 2
(z)2 1 2zz 2z 2z (zz)2 2zz 1 0
(z z 1)2 (zz 1)2 0 .

3.

0 , :
1
z z 1 0 | z |2 1 0 . | z |2 1 0 | z |2 1 zz 1 z ,
z
1
z z 1 0 z 1 0 z2 z 1 0 .
z
4.
z z 1 0
1
z z 1 0 2Re z 1 Re z . | z | 1
2
1
, z x yi , x x2 y 2 1 ,
2
1
3
1
3
: z
z
.
2 2
2 2
5.
z 2 z 1 0 z 2 z 1
z 3 zz 2 z z 1 z 2 z ( z 1) z z 1 z 1 z 3 1 .
:
z 2012 z 2014 2013 (z 3 )674 (z 3 )674 z 2 2013 z z 2 1 2012 2012 .
28
z z 2i f (z)
z2 4
(1) .
z 2i
1.
Im(f (1 i)) .
2.
z ,
f (z) R .
3.
f (z) z 2i .
4.
z ,
f (z 5i) f (z i) 10 (2) .
5.
z (2) ,
.
mathematica -50
6.
z 1 z 2 (2) ,
z1 z 2 10.
:
1.
:
(1 i)2 4 2i 4
f (1 i)
2(2 i) Im(f (1 i)) 2 .

| (1 i) 2i |
2
2.
f (z) R f (z) f (z)
(z)2 4 (z 2 4)
.
| z 2i | | z 2i |
(z)2 z 2 (z z)(z z) 0 z R z C 2i .
3.
| f (z) |
| (z 2i)(z 2i) |
| z 2i |
| f (z) || z 2i | .
4.
E3
f z 5i f z i 10 z 5i 2i z i 2i 10 z 3i z 3i 10
M z E 0,3 , E 0, 3
z1 3i, z 2 3i ,
z 3i z 3i 10 ME ME 10 EE 6 . z
E 0,3 , E 0, 3 5, 4, 3 .
5.

,

, A 0, 5 A 0,5 .
z 5i z 5i
.
A(0,5)
E(0,3) M1 (Z1 )
x
(4,0)
(-4,0)
E'(0,-3)
M2(z2)
A'(0,-5)
6.

AA . z1 z2 AA z1 z2 10.

29
z1 , z 2 z 2 z+9=0 , R z1 , z 2 R .
1.
.
mathematica -51
2.
17
z17
R .
1 z2
3.
z1 , z 2 .
z z
1 2 2 .
z 2 z1
4.
=0 Im z1 0
z
z z1 4 z z 2 .
5.
1.
z1 , z 2 ,
0 . ()2 419 0 2 36 6 6 6 .
2.
17
u z17
1 z2 u .
17
, z 2 z1 z 2 z1 . u z17
1 z2
17
17
17
u z17
1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1
17
z2
17
17
17
17
z17
2 z1 u . z1 z 2 R .

z 2 z1
z117 z 217 z117 z1
3.
17
z117 z117 2Re z117 R

z1 z 2
P z1z 2 9 z1z 2 z1z 2 9 z1 z 2 9 z 2 9 z 2 3 .
z1 z 2 3 .
4.
z1,2
i 36 2
2
z1 z 2
2 z12 z 22 2z1z 2 z12 2z1z 2 z 22 0 (z1 z 2 )2 0 z1 z 2
z 2 z1
i 36 2
i 36 2
i 36 2 i 36 2 2 0 0
2
2

z1 z 2
2
2 z12 z 2 2 2z1z 2 0 z1 z 2 0 z1 z 2 0
z 2 z1
( )
S z1 z 2
0
1
mathematica -52
5.
0 z1,2 3i ,
Im(z1 ) 0 z1 3i z 2 3i .
z z1 4 z z 2
-4
-3
-2
-1
x
1
-1
z z1 z z 2 4 z 3i z 3i 4 (1).
-2
-3
M z E 0,3 , E 0, 3
E(0,-3)
z1 3i, z 2 3i ,
-4
z 3i z 3i 4 ME ME 4 EE 6 . z
E 0,3 , E 0, 3
3 , 2 4 2 2 2 9 4 5. (1) ,
y 2 x2
1 y 2 .

4 5
30
1.
2.
, , :
z 3 3z 2 4z 2 0 .
,
: z 3 4z 3z 2 2 z10 32z 32 0 .
:
1.
Horner
2
z 1 z 2z 2 0 z 1 z 2 2z 2 0 (1) .
(1) 4 8 4 0 , :
z 1 i
2 2i
z1,2
1
z2 1 i
2
2.
z 3 4z 3z 2 2 z 3 3z 2 4z 2 0
.
z 1 .
z1 1 i 1 2i 1 2i
2
z2
1 i 1 2i 1 2i
z 1 , :
2
2
z10
1 32z1 32 0 z1 32z 1 32 0 2i 32 1 i 32 0
5
32i 5 32 32i 32 0 32i 32i 0 .

z 1 .
, z 2 , :
2
z10
2 32z 2 32 0 z 2 32z 2 32 0 2i 32 1 i 32 0
5
mathematica -53
32i 5 32 32i 32 0 32i 32i 0 .

z 2 .
1 i 1 i .

z 1 z10 32z 32 0 .
w2 2w 2 0 w 2 2w 2
w 2 2w 2
2
w 2w 2
2
w 4 4w 2 8w 4 4 2w 2 8w 4 8w 8 8w 4 4 .
w 32w 32 w
10
w 32w 32
2
w 4 4
4 2w 2 32w 32
w 2w 2
2
16 2w 2 32w 32 32w 32 32w 32 0 .

z 2 2z 2 0 , 1 i 1 i ,
z10 32z 32 0 .
31
f , , , 0
, .
: z1 if z 2 if .
1.
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 , x1 , ,
2.
A B , A B , :
Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 100 . :
f x1 0 .
. z1 z 2 .
f f
.
.
f xo
. xo , , f xo
.
xo
. Cf .
:
1.
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 f f i f f i
f f
2 2 2 f 2 2f f f 2 2 2 2 f 2 2f f f 2
4f f 4 f f .
f , f f 0 0 .

f f
mathematica -54
Bolzano , x1 ,
f (x1 ) 0 .

2
2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
z1 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 z 2 z 2
2z1 z 2 2z 2 z1 0 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 0 2Re z1 z 2 0 Re z1 z 2 0
z1 z 2 f ()i f ()i f ()f () f () f () i
Re z1 z 2 f ()f () 0 f ()f ()
f , f f 0 0 .
Bolzano , x1 ,
f (x1 ) 0 .
2.
. Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 100 (1) .
Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 100 Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 100 Az1z 2 Bz1 z 2 100 (2)
(1) , (2)
Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 Az1z 2 Bz1 z 2 A B z1 z 2 A B z1z 2 0
A B z1 z 2 z1z 2 0 . A B z1 z 2 z1z 2 0 .
z1 z 2 z1z 2 z1 z 2 R .
. z1 z 2 z1z 2 i f f i i f f i
f f i f i f f f i f i f
2f i 2f i
f f
f x
,x , ( x 0 0 x ) .
x
g , .
g (,)
xf (x) f (x)
g(x)
.
x2

f ()
f ()
g()
, g g Rolle
g()
x0 (,) :
. g x
g' x0 0
x0f ' x0 f x0
f x0
.
0 x0f ' x0 f x0 0 f ' x0
2
x0
x0
mathematica -55
. Cf x 0
f (x0 )
y f (x0 ) f (x0 )(x x0 ) y f (x0 )
(x x0 ) (3) .
x0
f (x0 )
x y 0 (3) , f (x0 )
( x0 ) f (x0 ) f (x0 ) .
x0
O(0,0)
Cf x 0 ,
.

32
f : [,] R f () 0 ,
if ()
z
. :
if ()
1.
f (x) x (,) .
2.
x0 (,) f (x0 ) 1 .
3.
f (x) x (,)
x1 , x 2 x1 x2 , Cf
.
:
if if if if if f f
if
2 f 2
2 f 2
z :
f
f f 0 f f
(1)
f
1.
f 0
f f 0 f f 0 f 0
f
1.
(1)
1 f f 0
f
f
g x f x x ,
. ( f )
g f 0 g f 0 . g g 0
Bolzano x1 ,
g x1 0 f x1 x1 .

z I z z
f ()i
f ()i
f ()i f ()i

f ()i
f ()i f ()i
f ()i
mathematica -56
f ()i f ()i f ()f ()i 2 f ()i f ()i f ()f ()i 2
2 2f ()f () f ()f () f ()
f ()
g x f x x ,
. ( f )
f ()
g f 0 g f

0.
f ()
f ()
f 0 f 0 0 .
g g 0
Bolzano x1 ,
g x1 0 f x1 x1 .
:
z z ki
f ()
if ()
ki if () ki f ()
if ()
f () k
g x f x x ,
. ( f )
g f 0 ( )
f
g f f () ( f ()) 0 , 0 f ()
f ()
f () 0 0 .
g g 0
Bolzano x1 ,
g x1 0 f x1 x1 .
2.
g , ,
g x f x 1 . .M.T. x0 ,
g g
f f 0
f x0 1
.
f x0 1 0 f x0 1 .
g x0
3.
Cf A x3 ,f x3
y f x3 f x3 x x3 (3) .
(3)
x y 0 : f x3 f x3 x3 f x3 x3 f x 3 0 .
h x
f x
( x 0 0 x )
x
mathematica -57
x1 ,x2
xf x f x
.
x1 ,x2 h x
x2
f x1
f x2
h x1
1 h x 2
1 x1 , x2
x1
x2
f x x .
Rolle x3 x1 ,x2
h x3 0 x3f x3 f x3 0 .
A x3 ,f x3 Cf
.
33
f x z x 2
3
, z 0 z .
3
1.
.
f
z ,
. .
2.

Bolzano f 3, 3 .
3
w .
3.
w f
2 z 1 i ,
1.
. z , 0
O(0,0) .
y
3
3
z x y 2
0
3
3
f (x) z x 2
3

3
3
3
z xy2
0 (1) .
:
3
3
x2 y2 2
(1) O(0,0)
z
2
2 3 2 2 ( 2 3) 4 4 3 2 4 0
d ,
2
z 3
2
z 0
( 1)( 4) 0 1 0 z 1 z 1 .
2
. z 1 f (x) (x 2)
mathematica -58
3
.
3
,
.
2
2
2 1
2
2
2
x
x y 1
x x 2 1
x
3
x 2
y
y 3 x 2
3
3
3x 2 x 2 2 3 4x 2 4x 1 0 x 1
3
3
x 2 y 3
y
y
x 2
3
1 3
A ,
.
2
2

.
3
3
2 3
3

: y x 2 x
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
: y y o x xo
xo ,yo 0,0
y 0 3 x 0 y 3x
x2
x 2
3x
1
: y 3
x 2 3x 4x 2 x
2
:y 3x
y 3x
1 3
3
1
y 3x 3
x,y ,
2 2
2 2
1 3
A ,
.
2
2
3
2.
f (x) z x 2
.
3
f 3, 3
f 3 z 32
3
f
3
3 z
32
3
3
mathematica -59
f R ,
3z
3
0 , Bolzano
3
3
3
f 3 f 3 0 f 3 0 f 3
3
f 3 0 z 3 2
0 z 3 2 0 z 0
3
3
2 3
f 3 0 z 3 2
0 z 3 2 0 z
3
3
f
3, 3 , 3 3 f 3 f
z
3.
2 3
.
3
3 z
32
w x yi,x,y R
2
wf 3
2 z 1 i
3
2 3 2 3
w z
3
3
3
2 3
z
3
3
2 z 1 i
x z 0
x yi z ( 2 z 1)i
y 2 z 1 0
y 2 2x 1,x 0,y 0 .
-2 -1
-1
1 2 3 4 5
6 7
-2
34

2012Im(z) 1
2012 2012i 3 0 , :
z x yi ,
2
2
z 1
1.
2.
3.
M(x,y) z
.
z
;
z ,
Im z 0 .
:
1.
z x yi,x,y R
2012Im(z) 1
2012y 1
2012 2012i 3 0
20122 20122 3 0
2
2
2
2
z 1
z 1
mathematica -60
2012y
z 1
1
2
2
2 2012 0 z 1 y x yi 1 y
2
2
1 1
x 1 y y 0 x 1 y .
2 4
M(x,y) z
1
1
K 1, ,
,
2
2
A 1,0 z 1
.
2
A(1,0)
x
1
M(x, y)
K 1,
2
-1
1 1
2
0 y x 1 ,
2.
2 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
x 1 0 x 1 x 1 x 1 x .
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
x y z
2
2
3 1
z i .
2 2
3.
0 x 1
2
1
1
y ,
4
2
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
0 y y y y
4
2
2 4
2 2
2
2 2
1 y 0 1 Im( z) 0 .
35
f R , f x 0 x R
1.
f (x) 0 .
2.
z .
z z 3 x3 x
lim
.
x z z 3 x 2 x
3.
4.
f (x)dx 0 f 1 1
f
x'x , x 0 x 1 ,
z 2z ,
f (t)dt 3x 2 6x 6
(0,1) .
:
mathematica -61
1.
f x R
R . f 1 1 0 , f x 0 x R .
2.
f x dx 0 x R f x 0
1
x R . z 0 f x 0 :
z
z 1
f x dx 0
z 1
f x dx 0
f x dx 0
0 0 , .
f x dx 0
0 0 , .
z 1 . z .
3.
z i,, R z z 2 z z 2 .
z z 3 x
lim
z z 3 x
3
2
2 3 x
lim
2 3 x
x
x
3
2
2 3 x
lim
x
2 3 x
x
3
2
2 3
lim
x .
x 2 3
: z 1
3
,
2
2 3 0 . 2 3 0 .
4.
Cf ,
1
x 0, x 1 f x dx , (1) f x 0
0
x R .
f x dx z 2z z 2 z z 2 z 3 z 3 .
0
f x dx 3 0 (1) .
0
x
h x f t dt 3x 2 6x 6 x 0,1 .
0
x
h x 0,1 f t dt ( f x
0
x
f t dt ) 3x2 6x 6 ( ) .
0
mathematica -62
h 0 6 0 h 1 f x dx 3 0 (1) .
0
Bolzano , xo 0,1
xo
h xo 0 f t dt 3t 2 6t 6 0 .
0
36
, f
z 2 if w 2 if 0 f f 0 .
w z w z f f f . :
1. xo , f x0 0 .
2. x1 , f x1 f .
:
1.
w z w z 2 if 2 if 2 if 2 if
2 2 i f f 2 2 i f f
2 f f
2
2 f f
2
2 22 2f f 2 22 2f f f f 2 2 0
wz wz wz wz
wz wz wz wz wz wz wz wz
ww wz zw zz ww wz zw zz
:
,
.
2wz 2zw 0 zw zw 0 2Re zw 0 Re zw 0
zw 2 f ()i 2 f ()i 22 f ()f () 2f () 2f () i
Re zw 22 f ()f () 0 f ()f () 2 2 0
f , f f 0 . Bolzano
xo , f x0 0 .
2.
f , f f f f .
mathematica -63
f f f , ,
x1 , f x1 f .

g(x) f (x) f () x , .
g(x) ,
:
g() f () f () 0 f () f ()
g() f () f () 0 f () f ()
g()g() 0 .
Bolzano x1 ,
g(x1 ) 0 f (x1 ) f () .
37
1.
2.
3.
z1 , z 2 z1 z2 z1 z 2 .

w z1z 2 .
z1 1 if x , 0 , z 2 1 f x i
1 f
R f 0 0 f 0 0 .
2 3 .
g g x Im(z1z 2 ) , z1 , z 2
2,
f
e 1 f
Rolle , f
,
1 f
e
f 1 .
1.
z1 z 2
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
z 2 z1 z 2
z 2 z1 z 2
z 2 z1 z 2
z2
z1 z1 z1z 2 z 2 z1 z 2z 2 z1z1 z1 z 2 z 2z1 z 2 z 2
:
,
.
2z1z 2 2z1 z 2 0 2 z1z 2 z1 z 2 0 4Re z1z 2 0 .

z1z 2 x 0 .
mathematica -64
2.
z1 1 if x z 2 1 f x i
1 Re z1z 2 0 .
f x
f x
f x
f x
1 f x i 1 f x i i i f x
z1z 2 1 i
z 1z 2 1 f x
f x
1 f x i .
f x
f x
Re z1z 2 0 1 f x 0 .
f x
h x 1 f x x R .
f x
h x 0 h x h 0 .
h x xo 0 .
h x R
f x
f x
h x f x lnf x h x f x 1 ln ,
xo 0 . Fermat
f 0
h 0 0 f 0 1 a ln 0 . f 0 0 ,
f 0
1 ln 0 1 ln 0 e . 2 3 .
3.
g x : g x Im z1z 2 g x 1 e e f x .
f x
f x
g x Rolle ,
g x , ,
g g . g g 1 e e f 1 e e f
f
1 f e
f
e 1 f
1 f ef 1 f f 1

38
f : R R
A(0, 2) . z f (x) f (x)i
w f (x) f 2 (x)i z 2(ex 1)

1.
2.
f .
z
xR .
3.
g(x) Re(zw) .
:
1.
z f x f x i z f 2 x f 2 x 2 e x 1 2 f x
f x e x 1.(1).
mathematica -65
f (x) 0 x R .
R . A(0, 2) Cf f 0 2 0 , f x 0 x R
(1) f (x) e x 1
2.
z f x f x i , f x 0 , Re z Im z 0
z ,
y x x,y 0 .
3.
zw f x f x i f x f 2 x i f x 1 i f x f 2 x i
f x 1 i f x 1 f x i f 2 x 1 i 1 f x i
f 2 x 1 f x i i f x f 2 x 1 f x 1 f x i
f 2 x 1 f x f 2 x 1 f x i
g x Re zw f 2 x 1 f x x R .
g R R

g x 2f x f x 1 f x f 2 x f x
2f x f x 1 f x f 2 x f x f x f x 2 1 f x f x
f x f x 2 3f x ex 1 ex 1 2 3 ex 1
ex 1 ex 5 3ex 0 x R . g
R .
39
1
f : R R z C
2
f (x)
|z 2|
f 2 (x) 2x 2xf (x) x lim
m, m
.
x0 x
| 2z 1|
1.
2.
3.
4.
:
. | z 2 || 2z 1| .
. z .
f (x)
lim 2
.
x0 x x
g(x) f (x) x
( ,0) (0, )
f .
mathematica -66
5.
(| z 3 4i | 5)x x3 10
1,2
:
2
f (x) x 2f (x)
1.
. x 0
,

x
x x
f (x) 2 x
2f (x)
lim
lim
m 2 1 2m (m 1)2 0 m 1 .
x0 x
x0
x x
z2
1 2z 1 z 2 .
m 1
2z 1
2
. 2z 1 z 2 2z 1 z 2 (2z 1)(2z 1) (z 2)(z 2)

2
4zz 2z 2z 1 zz 2z 2z 4 3zz 3 z 1 z 1 .

z x yi x,y R .
2z 1 z 2 2 x yi 1 x yi 2
(2x 1) 2yi (x 2) yi (2x 1)2 (2y)2 (x 2)2 y 2
2
4x2 4x 1 4y 2 x2 4x 4 y 2
4x2 4x 1 4y 2 x2 4x 4 y 2 3x2 3y 2 3
x2 y 2 1 z 1 .
f (x)
f (x)
x 1
f (x)
x
f (x)
lim
lim 2
1
lim
lim
x0
x 0 x(x 1)
x 0 x(x 1)
x 0
(x
1)
x
x
x 1
x
x u . lim x 0 0.
x 0
f (x)
f (u)
lim
lim
1.
x 0
x u0 u
f 2 (x) 2x 2xf(x) f 2 (x) 2xf(x) x 2 x 2 2x

2.
(f (x) x)2 x2 2x g 2 (x) x2 2x .
| x | | x | , x R x 0
x 0 x 2 2x 0 , g 2 (x) 0 .
g ( ,0) (0, ) ,
. .
mathematica -67
3.
4 f
: f(x) x x 2 2x f(x) x x 2 2x,x R
2 :[ f (x) x x2 2x f (x) x x2 2x,x R

3 : f
2
2
x x x,x 0
f (x)
2
2
x x x,x 0
4 : f
2
2
x x x,x 0
f (x)
2
2
x x x,x 0
4.
h(x) ( z 3 4i 5)x x3 10,x [1,2]
h [1,2]
h(1) z 3 4i 5 11 z 3 4i 6 0 z 3 4i z 3 4i 6
h(2) 2 z 3 4i 10 8 10 2( z 3 4i 4) 0 ,
z 3 4i z 3 4i 4
h(1)h(2) 0
h(1)h(2) 0 Bolzano
x0 (1,2) h(x0 ) 0 .
( z 3 4i 5)x x3 10 (1,2)
h(1)h(2) 0 , x 1 x 2 .
( z 3 4i 5)x x3 10 [1,2]
40
z 1 3x
3 3x i , x 0,2 .
1.
M z C
.
2.
x z
. z .
3.
x1 ,x2 x z
M1 ,M 2 z .
f : R R
M1 ,M 2 .
mathematica -68
f x'x
C .
1.
z i,, R 1 3x, 3 3x .
1
3
x
.
3
3
2x 2x 1
1 3
2
9 .
2.

z 1
5 5 3
M2 ,
2 2
K 1, 3
3.
z
z
0,0 .
(K) 1 3 4 2 3
.
z min OM1 (OK) 3 2 1
K 1, 3
N 1 6,0
1
3
M1 ,
2
2
M(x, y)
1 6,0
A(1,0)
z max OM2 (OK) 3 2 5

K (,) .
y x
30
3
x x
1 0
3
OK : y y o x xo x ,y 0,0 y 0
o
(x 1)2 y 3
y 3x
3 x 0 y 3x
(x 1)2 3 2 x 1 2 9
y 3x
1
3
M
3
1
2
(x 1)2 1 3 9 x 1
2
2
5 5 3
y
3x
y 3x
M
2 2 , 2
mathematica -69
2
2
3
1
1 3
(OM1 ) 1
5 5
(OM 2 )
2
2
2
2

1
5 5 3
3
M1 ,
,M 2 ,
.
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
1 3x
3x
x x0,2
4
2
2
2
3
3 3x 3
3x 3 3
x 3

5
3
1
1 3x
3x
x x 0,2
2
2
2
3
3 3x 5 3
3x 3 3
x 3
1
5 5 3
3
1 ,
2 ,
f
2
2
2 2
35 3
1 5
1 5
,
,
f
0 , Bolzano
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 5
xo , f xo 0 ,
2 2
f x'x
2
2
1 5
x
3
9 x'x
.
xo ,

2
2
1 5
N 1 6,0 1 6,0 . xo , ,
2 2
3.
xo 1 6,1
6 . f
x'x , .
mathematica -70

30
mathematica -71
+ : 29/01/2012 17/02/2012

- :- 30 .
:

parmenides51
mathematica.gr.
mathematica -72
41
f [0, 1] x0 (0,1)
1
1
f (x0 )
.
1 x0 x0
1.
2.
f R
1 x f (x) ex , x R . :
. f x 0 0 .
. f R ,
f (x 0 )
x0 ( 1,1) ,
x0 .
2004
. lim f (x) .
x
:
1.
g(x) f (x)x(1 x) x (1 x)
: g(x) [0,1]
g(0) 1 0, g(1) 1 0 g(0)g(1) 0
Bolzano x0 (0,1) : g(x 0 ) 0 f(x 0)x 0(1 x 0) x 0 (1 x 0) 0
x0 (1 x0 ) 0 x0 (0, 1), x0 0,1
1
1
f (x 0 )
.
1 x0 x0
2.
. x 0
1 0 f (0) e0 1 f (0) 1 f (0) 1 lim(1 x) lime x 1
x0
x0
limf (x) 1 f (0) , f

x0
.
. o h(x) f (x) 2004x [1,1]
h( 1) f ( 1) 2004 0 x 1
1
0 f ( 1) h(1) f (1) 2004 0 2 f (1) e 2004
e
h( 1)h(1) 0 Bolzano x0 ( 1, 1)
f (x 0 )
h(x0 ) f (x 0 ) 2004x 0 0
x0 .
2004
. x 0 1 x f (x) e x 0
1
1

f (x) 1 x
1
lim 0 0 lim f (x) 0 .
x
x x 1
x
lim
mathematica -73
42
f : f (x) 2x 5 z x 3 2 z x R z C* .
5
1. f .
2. f .
3. f (x) 0
(0, z ) .
4.
lim
f (x) 2 z
x 0
3 x
1 ,
z .
http://www.study4exams.gr
1.
:
Af R . x1 ,x2 R
x1 x2 x15 x52 2x15 2x52 (1)

x1 x2 x13 x23 | z | x13 | z | x23 (2) .
(1), (2) 2 | z |5
2x15 | z | x13 2 | z |5 2x52 | z | x 32 2 | z |5 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) , f

R .
2.
lim f (x) lim ( 2x 5 )

x
5
lim f (x) lim ( 2x ) , f R
f (R) ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) ( , ) R .

x
3.
[0, z ]
f (0) 2 | z |5 0, f (| z |) | z |4 0 ( z 0 ) , f (0)f (| z |) 0
Bolzano f (x) 0 (0, z )
f R (1).
2 | z |5 f (x)
2x 5 | z | x 3
2x 2
|z|
lim
lim
| z |
4. lim
3
3
x0
x0
x0
3 x
3 x

x
| z | 1 z .
43
R f g : R R
g(x)f 2 (x) e xg(x) 1 x R | f (0) | 1 .
mathematica -74
1.
lim f (x) .
2.
lim g(x) .
3.
g(0) 1 .
4.
(x 1)(ex x)[g(x) ex ] x[f (x 1) x]
[0,1) .
:
1.
g(x)(f 2 (x) ex ) 1 0 f 2 (x) e x 0
R
. f 2 (x) ex 0 f 2 (x) e x , x R x 0
f 2 (0) 1 , f (0) 1
f 2 (x) ex 0 f 2 (x) e x , x R
f (x) e x e x f (x) e x lim e x 0
x
lim f (x) 0 .
2.
g(x)(f 2 (x) e x ) 1
1
(1) lim (f 2 (x) e x ) 0 f 2 (x) e x 0 .
g(x) 2
x
x
f (x) e
1
lim g(x) lim 2
.
x
x f (x) e x
3.
(1)
1
1 . f (0) 1
f (0) 1
2
1 f 2 (0) 1 f 2 (0) 0 .
4.
h(x) (x 1)(ex x)(g(x) e x ) x(f (x 1) x) .
g R , f (x 1)
R f (x), x 1 , h
R .
h(1) (f (0) 1) 0 f (0) 1 h(0) (g(0) 1) 0 (3)
h(0)h(1) 0 .
g(0) 1 h(0) 0 h(x) 0 0 .
g(0) 1 h(0)h(1) 0 Bolzano h(x) 0
(0,1) h(x) 0
[0,1) .
( ,0] h(x) .
lim (x 1) , lim (ex x)
lim (g(x) ex ) , lim x
x
x
x
, x
mathematica -75

x 1 y
lim f (x 1) lim f (y) 0 , lim[f (x 1) x] 0
lim h(x) xo 0 h(xo ) 0

x
h(0) 0 h 0 .
h(0) 0 h(0) 0
xo ,0 h h(xo )h(0) 0
Bolzano h xo ,0 , 0
h ,0
h .
44
f : R R f 1
1
:
2
3
3
f xy f x f f y f x,y R
x
y
1.
:
1
. f 3
2
3
. f f x , x
x
1
. f xy 2f x f y f 2 x x R
4
2.
f
:
1.
x y 1 f (1) 2f (1)f (3) f (1)
f (3)
1
.
2
1
1 3
3
. y 1 f (x) f (x)f (3) f (1)f f (x) f (x) f
2
2 x
x
3
f ( ) f (x), x R* .
x
. () f (xy) f (x)f (y) f (y)f (x) f (xy) 2f (x)f (y)

1
1
3
3
f (3) 2f (x)f ( ) () () 2f 2 (x) f 2 (x) ,x 0.
y
2
4
x
x
2.
f 2 (x)
mathematica -76
1
1
f (x) 0 f (x) 0
4
2
x (, 0) (0, ) f R
( ,0) (0, ) . f (3)
1
0
2
1
1
, x ( , 0) f (x) , x ( , 0)
2
2
1
x 0 0 limf
(x) limf
(x)
x0
2 x0
1
f (x) , x R .
2
f (x) 0, x (0, ) f (x)
45
f : R R g : R R
x R f (f (x)) 2g(x) x .
1.
g R .
2.
h(x) f (x) g(x) .
3.
x0 R f (x0 ) x0 .
. Cf Cg .
. f (f (x x0 2)) x x0 2f (x x0 2) 2
. f (f (lnx x0 1)) lnx 1 x0 .
: . ( )
:
f (f (x)) x
1.
g(x)
.
2
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 (1) f
f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f (f (x1 ) f (f (x2 ))
(2)
(1), (2) 2
g(x1 ) g(x2 ) , g R .
2.
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) (1)
x1 x2 g(x1 ) g(x1 ) g(x1 ) g(x2 )(2)
(1) (2) h(x1 ) h(x2 ) h
R .
3.
. f (xo ) xo f (f (xo )) f (xo ) 2g(xo ) xo x0
2g(xo ) 2xo g(xo ) xo f (x0 ) .
mathematica -77
Cf ,Cg xo . xo
f (x) g(x) f (x) g(x) 0 h(x) f (x) g(x)
R .
. f (f (x xo 2)) x xo 2f (x xo 2) 2
2g(x xo 2) x xo 2 x xo 2f (x xo 2) 2
g(x xo 2) f (x xo 2) (1) 3.
x xo 2 xo x 2 .
. f (f (lnx xo 1)) lnx 1 xo
2g(lnx xo 1) lnx xo 1 lnx 1 xo g(x0 ) x0
1
2g(lnx xo 1) 2g(xo ) lnx xo 1 xo lnx 1 0 x .
e
46
f : (0, ) R x,y 0
x
f (x) f (y) f f (x) 0 .
y
1.
f (1).
2.
3.
f .
f (x2 2) f (x) f (5x 6).
4.
f (x) 0 x 1 , f
(0, ).
:
1.
x y f (1) 0 f (x) 0
1 .
2.
x1 ,x2 0 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) . x x1
x
x
y x2 f 1 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) f 1 0 1
x2
x2
x
f (x) 0 1 1 ' x1 x2 .
x2
f '1 1' .
3.
o f (5x 6), f (x) f (x2 2)
5x 6 0, x 0 x2 2 0 x 2 .
f (x2 2) f (5x 6) f (x) x 0 ,
mathematica -78
5x 6
: f (x2 2) f
f
x
'1 1' x(x2 2) 5x 6
x 1 x 2 x 3 ' x 2 .
4.
x1 ,x2 0 0 x1 x2 . x x2 y x1
x
x
f (x 2 ) f (x1 ) f 2 0 2 1 . f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f
x1
x1
.
47
f (x) 2 ln( x 2 1).

1.
2.
3.
4.
.
f .
f f 1 .
f 1 (x) 2 .
5.
Cf y x .
: . ( )
:
1.
f x 2 0 x 2
x 2 1 0 , x 2 f
Af [2, ) .
2.
x1 ,x2 [2, ) 2 x1 x2 0 x1 2 x2 2
x1 2 x2 2 x1 2 1 x2 2 1 lnx
ln( x1 2 1) ln( x2 2 1)
2 ln( x1 2 1) 2 ln( x2 2 1) f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f
[2, ) .
3.
f 1 1 .
f (x) y, y R ,
y 2 ln( x 2 1) ln( x 2 1) 2 y
x 2 1 e2y x 2 e2y 1 (1) x 2 0

e2y 1 0 e2y 1 2 y 0 y 2 (1)
x 2 (e2y 1)2 x 2 (e2y 1)2 (2) Af [2, ).
f 1 (x) (e2x 1)2 2,
x2 .
mathematica -79
4.
f 1 (x) 2 f (f 1 (x)) f (2) x f (2) 2.
5.
f (2) 2 2 h(x) f (x) x, x [2, )
(2,2) Cf y x .
h(x) f (x) x 2 x1 x2 f
f (x1 ) f (x2 ) x1 x2
f (x1 ) x1 f (x2 ) x2 h(x1 ) h(x2 ) h
, [2, ) 2 .
48
f : R R : f (x f (x y)) f (2x) y
x,y R :
1.
f (0) 0.
2.
(f f )(x) x, x R.
3.
4.
5.
f 1 1.
f R.
f (x) x, x R.
:
1.
x 0 f (f (y)) f (0) y f (f (x)) f (0) x, x R (1)
x y f (x f (2x)) f (2x) x .
g(x) f (2x) x f (g(x)) g(x) (2) f (f (g(x))) f (g(x))

(1),(2) f (0) g(x) g(x) f (0) 0.
2.
(1) f (0) 0 f (f (x)) x, x R.
3.
x1 , x2 Af f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f (f (x1 )) f (f (x2 ))
(2) x1 x2 f '1 1' .
4.
f (x) y, y R
f () y f (f ()) f (y) (2)
f (y) f (f (x)) x, x R f (f (f (y))) f (y)

f '1 1' f (f (y)) y f (y)
f (x) y, y R f R .
.
f R ,
mathematica -80
f x y x y .
y 0 R x0 R f x0 y 0
f x0
x0 f 2 y 0
f f 2 y0 2 2 y0 y0 .
f R .
5.
f (x f (x y)) f (2x) y y 0
f (x f (x)) f (2x) f 1-1
x f (x) 2x f (x) x,x R.
49
f (x) ln(1 ex ) ln(1 ex ) .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
f .
f .
f .
f .
m<0 f (m) m .
6.
g(x) f (x) x, x 0 , g(x) .
7.
f (x) f (1) x 1 .
8.
h(x) ln( x) , c R
f (c) h(c) .
9.
f ( 1)x 3 x 2 6

x f ( 3)x 2 x 2
: A lim
B lim (ef (x) ef

x
(x)
).
:
1.
f 1 ex 0 x 0 ,
1 ex 0, x R . f A (,0).
1 ex
1 ex
1, x ( ,0) .
2.
f (x) ln
x
x
1
e
1
x ( ,0) f (x) 0 .
3.
x1 x2 0 ex1 ex2 1 ex1 1 ex2 , 1 ex1 1 ex2

mathematica -81
ln(1 ex1 ) ln(1 ex2 )
ln(1 ex1 ) ln(1 ex2 ) ln(1 ex1 ) ln(1 ex2 ).

ln(1 ex1 ) ln(1 ex1 ) ln(1 ex2 ) ln(1 ex2 )
f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f ( ,0) .

4.
f ( ,0) '1 1'
f 1 : f (A) A f
1 ex , 1 ex lnx
f (A) ( lim f (x),limf (x)) .
x
x 0
x
1 e
1 ex
u
lim u lim
1 . limlnu 0
x
x 1 e x
u1
1 ex
x
1 e
0.
lim f (x) 0 limu lim
x 0
x 0 1 e x
x
limlnu limf
(x) f (A) ( ,0) y ( ,0)
u 0
x0
1 ex
1 ex
y
y ln
e
ey eyex 1 e x
x
x
1 e
1 e
1 ey
1 ey
1 ey
e e e 1 e e
x ln(
)
0, y 0
1 ey
1 ey
1 ey
1 ex
f 1 (x) ln
0, x 0 .
1 ex
y x
5.
1 ex
ln
x,x ( ,0)
x
1
1 ex
ex 1 ex ex e2x (ex 1)2 2 x ln( 2 1).
x
1 e
6.
x1 x2 0 x1 x2 f
f (x1 ) f (x2 )
g(x1 ) g(x2 ) g ( ,0) .
7.
f(x) f( 1) x 1 f(x) x f( 1) ( 1) g(x) g( 1)
g ( ,0) x 1 .
8.
t(x) f (x) h(x) f (x) ln( x) ( ,0) .
ln( x) ,0
lnx , x h ,0
mathematica -82
f ,0 , t(x)
, ,
lim f (x) 0 lim ln( x) lim t(x)
x
limf
(x) limln(
x) limt(x)
x0
x 0
x 0
t(x) f (x) ln( x) R

( ,0) .
9.
f ( 1)x 3 f ( 1)
A lim
lim x f (A) ( ,0)

x f ( 3)x 2
f ( 3) x
1
f ( 1)
0 . B lim (ef (x) ef (x) ) 0 (4)
x
f ( 3)
50
f : f (x) x lnx .
1.
2.
f .
f (x) 1 .
3.
f
f (x) 0 .
4.
f
f .
5.
f 1 (x) x.
6.
f 1 (x) x 1.
1.
:
H f (0, )
. x1 , x 2 0 x1 x 2 , lnx1 lnx 2 ,
x1 lnx1 x 2 lnx 2 f(x1 ) f(x 2 ) , f

(0, ) .
2.
H f (x) 1 x 1
f (1) 1 ln1 1 0 1 , f
(0, ) .
3.
f (0, ) ,
: f (A) (lim f (x), lim f (x)) R .

x 0
0 f (A) , f (x) 0 f
(0, ) , .
mathematica -83
4.
f (0, ) , 1 1
. f f (A) R
f 1 f 1 f(A) R f 1 : R (0, ).
5.
f 1 : R (0, ) f 1 (x) 0 f 1 (x) x x 0
:
f 1 (x) x f (f 1 (x)) f (x) x f (x) x lnx x lnx 0 x 1 , .

6.
f 1 : R (0, ) f 1 (x) 0
x 1 x 1 0 f 1 (x) x 1
.
x 1, f (0, )
f (f 1 (x)) f (x 1) x x 1 ln(x 1)
ln(x 1) 1 x 1 e x e 1 . 1 x e 1 .
x ,e 1 .
51
f 2f (x) (f (x)) x x
.
1.
2f (x) x f (x) .
2.
3.
4.
1.
f (x) x .
(f (x))
lim
.
x0
f (x)
f (x)
.
lim
x0 x
:
(f (x)) 2f (x) x (f (x) f (x)
2f (x) x f (x) .
2.
2f (x) (f (x) 2f (x) (f (x) x
x 2f (x) (f (x) x
2 f (x) x (f (x) x f (x) f (x) x
2f (x) (f (x)) x
2f (x) (f (x)) x f (x) x f (x) x f (x) x .

mathematica -84
3.
f (x) x x f (x) x lim( x ) lim x 0

x0
x0
limf (x) 0 u f (x)

x 0
(f (x))
u
lim
1.
x0
x 0 u
f (x)
limf (x) 0 x 0 u 0 lim

x 0
4.
2f (x) f (x) x x 0
f (x) 1
f (x) f (x) (f (x))
2
(f (x)) 1 2
1
x
x
x
x
f (x)
f (x)
(f (x))
(f (x))
(2
) 1 lim
1
x0
x
f (x)
f (x)
(f (x))
lim(2
) 1 0 0
x0
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
1
1.
lim
x0 x
(f (x))
x
2
f (x)
52
g(x)
3x2 30x 95 (3x 5),x R, R

4
4
4x 5
,x R .
3
1.
f goh x R
h(x)
f (x) (goh)(x) x2 5x 10 x .
2.
R lim f (x) .
3.
R lim f (x)
f (x) 2x
.
x2 x 4 x 14
lim
4.
3 x
R lim
.
x f (x) x
:
1.
g h x Dh h(x) Dg x R
h(x) R . g h x R
f x g h x
3h 2 x 30h x 95 3h x 5
4
4
mathematica -85
4x 5 30 4x 5 95 3 4x 5 5
3
4
9
3
4
3
3 16x2 40x 25 120x 150 285
x
4
3
3
3
f (x)
3 16x2 80x 160

x x2 5x 10 x .
4
3
2.
f (x) x2 5x 10 x x 0
5 10
5 10
2 x x 1 2
x x
x x
5 10
lim x lim 1 2 1 :
x
x
x x
1 0 1
1 0 1 lim f (x)
f (x) x 1
1 0 1 lim f (x)
x
1 0 1 f (x) x2 5x 10 x
lim f (x) lim
lim
x 2 5x 10 x
x 2 5x 10 x
lim
x 2 5x 10 x
x 2 5x 10 x
10
x 5
5x 10
5
x
lim
2
5 10
x 2 5x 10 x x
x 1 2 1
x x
3.
1
f x 2x
x2 5x 10 x 2x
x 2 5x 10 x
lim
lim
lim
x2 x 4 x 14
x2
x2
x4 x 14
x4 x 14
lim
x 2 5x 10 x
x2
lim
x2
x 14
x 2 5x 10 x
x 2 5x 10 x
5x 10
x 14
mathematica -86
x 2 5x 10 x
lim
x2
lim
x2
5 x 2
x 2 x3 2x2 4x 7
x 2 5x 10 x
2x2 4x 7
x 2 5x 10 x
5
124
4. 1
3 x
3 x
1
lim
lim
lim
3 x
x f x x
x
x2 5x 10 x x x x 2 5x 10
1
x2 5x 10
1
x2 5x 10
lim
x
x 2 5x 10
1
x 2 5x 10
lim x2 5x 10 , lim
3 x
lim
x2 5x 10 x
1
3 x
x 2 5x 10
x2 5x 10
0.
x 2 5x 10
1
1
lim
3 x 0.
2
x
x 5x 10
53
f : R R f x f y f x y 1
x,y R R . :
1.
2.
f .
f 2x f x f 1 (x) 1 x R .
3.
4.
f .
f (1) 0.
:
1.
x 0 , f (f (y)) f (0) y 1
y1 ,y 2 R f (y1 ) f (y 2 ) f (0) y1 1 f (0) y 2 1 y1 y 2
y1 ,y 2 R . f '1 1' .
2.
y f 1 (x) :
f (x f (f 1 (x)) f (x) f 1 (x) 1 f (x x) f (x) f 1 (x) 1

f (2x) f (x) f 1 (x) 1
3.
f R f (0) 0 .
mathematica -87
x y 0 : f (f (0)) f (0) 1 f (0) 0 1

0 1 . f .
4.
(2) , x 0 :
f (0) f (0) f 1 (0) 1 f 1 (0) 1 f ( 1) 0 .
54
f : R R , : f 2 , f 2 f (x) 2012
xR .
1.
2x f x f
0,
2.
f , :
) (,)
f .
) Cf f y 2x
xo ,
xf (x)4x
x
x2 1
4.
h : R R
f (x) h(x) 2004x , x R .
3.
lim
f x 0 1 ,2 .
h x 0 1 ,2 .
:
1.
g(x) 2x f ()x f () 2x 2x 2
' :
g(x) [, ] g(0) 2 0
g( ) 2( ) 2( ) 2 2(1 ( )) 0 0
( ) 1 . g(0)g( ) 0 2 :
1 : ( ) 1 g( ) 0
g(x) 0.
2 : ( ) 1 g( ) 0 g(0)g( ) 0
Bolzano xo (0, ) g(xo) 0 .
xo (0, ]
g(xo) 0 2xo f ()x0 f () 0.
mathematica -88
2.
)
0 f 2 2
f () f () f .
f () f ()
(, )
f ()
2
. f
f () f ()
f ()
f () . .
2

g x f x x [,]
f
[,]
x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
f (x1 ) f (x2 ) g(x1 ) g(x2 )
g [,]
g [,] .
g f 2 0
g f 2 0
g g 0
Bolzano (,)
g 0 f g ,
.
) (x) f (x) 2x [, ]
[, ] () f () 2 2( ) 0
() f () 2 2( ) 0 ()() 0
Bolzano x0 (, ) (x0 ) f (x0 ) 2x0 .
x1 x2 f [, ] f (x1 ) f (x2 )
x1 x2 f (x1 ) x1 f (x2 ) x2 h(x1 ) h(x2 )
x0 (, ) .
3.
x 0
xf (x)x xf (x)x x f (x) 2012x
x2 1
x 1 x2 1
x2 1
xf (x)x 2012x
2012x xf (x)x 2012x
2
2
2
2
x 1
x 1
x 1
x2 1
x 1
2012x
2012x
2012x
2012x
lim 2
lim
0
lim
lim
x
0
2
x
x x 2 1
x2
x 1 x
x
xf (x)x
lim
0.
2
x
x
mathematica -89
4.
f 1 0 2
f (1 ) f (2 ) 0.
h(x) f (x) 2004x,x [1 ,2 ]
h [1 ,2 ]
h(1 ) f (1 ) 20041 20041 0
h(2 ) f (2 ) 20042 20042 0
Bolzano (1 ,2 )
h() 0.
55
'1 1' f , g : R R f (R) g(R) R

:
f (x) (fog 1 )(x) 8 3(fog)(x) 2(fog 1 )(x) 10x 7 x R
1.
f (x),g(x)
2.
:
h : R R h(g(f (x))) e2x 4x 2, x R
3.
. h(x)
. h(x)
e
e
. x2 3x 2x 2 6x
e
e
h(x)
h(x2 1)
h 1 (e)x 3 2x 2 3
lim
. : lim
, lim x
x e
x x
1 x
x2 5x
h(x) ln(x)
1.
:
f (x) (f g 1 )(x) 8.. 1
3(f g)(x) 2(f g 1 )(x) 10x 7, x R.. 2 (f g 1 )(x) f (x) 8

(2) 3(f g)(x) 2f (x) 16 10x 7
3(f g)(x) 2f (x) 10x 9, x R (3) x g(x) (1)
f (g(x)) (f g 1 )(g(x)) 8 (f g)(x) f (x) 8 (f g)(x) f (x) 8
(3)
3(f(x) 8) 2f(x) 10x 9, x R 5f(x) 10x 15 f(x) 2x 3 .
(3)
3f(g(x)) 2f(x) 10x 9 3(2g(x) 3) 2(2x 3) 10x 9
g(x) x 4 .
2.
. g(f (x)) f (x) 4 2x 3 4 2x 1
mathematica -90
h(2x 1)
h(x)
1
e
2(2x) 2 2x1 2(2x 1)
2x
e
e
e
2x.
ex
e
e
x2
x1
e
e
h(x1 ) h(x2 ) h
R 1-1 .
. x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 2x1 2x2 ex1 ex2
e
2(3x) h(x 2 ) h(3x)
3x
e
e
2
h x 3x x2 3x 0 0 x 3 .
. H
x2
2x2
h(x)
e
h(x)
x 2 lim (xex ) lim
2
x x
x
x
xe
h(x2 1) h(x 2 1) x 2 1
x2 1
2

lim x
x e
e x 1
x 1 e x 1
1
h(x2 1)
h(u)
h(x2 1)
lim
lim
2 lim x
.
x x 2 1
u u
x e
1
h(0) e h1 (e) 0
h 1 (e)x 3 2x 2 3
2x 2 3
2x 2
lim
lim
2.
x
x x 2 5x
x x 2
x2 5x
lim
3.
t(x) h(x) lnx, x (0, )
limln x limh(x) h(0) e 2
x 0
x 0
h(x)
2
x x
limt(x) . lim
x 0
h(x)
lim h(x) lim
x lim ln x lim t(x)
x
x
x
x
x
t(x) h(x) lnx R .
(0, ).
56
f : 0, 0,
f 2 x lnf x lnx 1 0 .
1.
f (1).
2.
f x
f 1 .
x
:
mathematica -91
1.
x 1
2
f (1) ln(f (1)) ln1 1 0 f (1)2 ln(f (1)) 1 0 o f (1)
g(x) x2 lnx 1 , x (0, ) .
x0 1.
x12 x12
x12 ln x1 x 2 2 ln x 2
0 x1 x2
ln x1 ln x 2
x12 lnx1 1 x22 lnx2 1 g(x1 ) g(x2 )
g 0, x0 1
f (1) 1 .
f x
f 1 x0 1 .
x
x1 (0, ), x1 1 f (x1 ) x1 x x1
2.
f 2 x1 lnf x1 lnx1 1 0 x12 lnx1 lnx1 1 0 .
x12 1, x1 0 x1 1 . x0 1.
57
f : R R f (x) 1
(f (x) )(f (y) 3) x, y R R .
1.
.
2.
f
.
:
1.
x,y R :
(f (x) )(f (y) 3) (f (y) )(f (x) 3) .
(f (x) f (y)) 0 .
x,y f (x) f (y) , 0
f (x) 0 , f (x) 1 .
x,y f (x) f (y) c 1 () :
3 2 (1 2c) c2 0 .
:
mathematica -92
2c 1 (1 2c)2 12c2
2c 1 (1 2c)2 12c 2
,
6
6
2c 1 (1 2c)2 12c2 1
1
1

16c2 4c 1 c , c 1 .
6
6
3
6
1
1
1
16c2 4c 1 c , c 1
6
3
6
1
8c 1
1
g(c)
0, c 1
3 16c2 4c 1 3
g(c)
g(1)
1
1 1
13 1

16 4 1
6
3 6
6
1 13
.
6
c 1

1 13
.
6
1 13
1
6
3 2 (1 2c) c2 0 3 (1 2c) c2 0 c2 2c 4 0
2.
c 5 1, c 1 (1) f (x) 5 1
.
.
(1) f R f
.
58
f : R (0, ) f (x)f (y) f (x y)

x0 0 f (1) e .
1.
: f (0) 1,f ( 1) e1 .
2.
3.
N R .
f :
.
. lim f (x) lim f (x) .
x
4.
5.
x0 (0,1) : 3f (x0 ) f (21 ) f (31 ) f (41 ) .

f (1 x)
: . lim f 1 (x) . lim f 1 (x) . lim
x
x 0
x0
f (x)
mathematica -93
6.
7.
8.
, 0 , f 1 () f 1 () f 1 () .
f 1 (x 2 )
lim 1
.
x f (x)
x1 0
f 1 (x1 ) x11 .
9.
f 1 (f (x))
lim
.
x
f (x)
:
1.
f (x y) f (x)f (y) .
x y 0 , f (0) f 2 (0) f (0)(f (0) 1) 0 f (0) 0 f(0) 1 .
f (0) 0 (0, ) , . f (0) 1 . x 1,y 1
1
f (0) f (1)f ( 1) 1 ef ( 1) f ( 1) e1 .
e
2.
lim f (x) limf (x0 h) lim(f (x0 )f (h))

x x0
h 0
h 0
f (x0 )lim(f (h)) f (x0 )f (0) f (x0 )

h 0
3.
. f 1 1
f ( 1) e1 f (1) e f R .
. To , ,
( lim f (x), lim f (x)) . lim f (x) , . ,
x
e 1 1 . , f () 1 ,
f (2) f 2 () ( 1)2 , f (2)
, . .
f ( x)f (x) 1 ,
: (limf (x))( lim f (x)) 1 .
x
4.
f [0,1]
f (0) f (x) f (1), x (0,1)
1
1
x [0,1] f (0) f f (1) .
2
2
1
1
x [0,1] f (0) f (1) .
3
3
1
1
x [0,1] f (0) f f (1) .
4
2
mathematica -94
1 1 1
3f (0) f f f 3f (1)
2 3 4
1 1 1
f f f
2
3
4
f (0) f (1) .
3
,.., x0 (0,1)
1 1 1
f f f
2
3
4
1 1 1
f (x0 ) 3f (x 0 ) f f f .
3
2 3 4
5.
.. f R , 1 1 ,
. f 1 (0, ) R .,
f 1 f . f 1
(0, ) . lim f 1 (x) lim f 1 (x) .
x
x0
. y x f (0) f (x)f ( x) f ( x)
1
.
f (x)
1
f (1 x)
f (1)f ( x)
e
e
f (x)
lim
lim
lim
lim 2
2 e.
x0
x0
x0 f (x)
x0 f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
1
e
6.
, 0 , f 1 () x f (x) f 1 () y f (y) .
,
f (x)f (y) f (x y) x y f 1 () f 1 () f 1 () f 1 () .
7.
f 1 (x2 )
f 1 (xx)
f 1 (x) f 1 (x)
lim
lim
11 2 .
x f 1 (x)
x f 1 (x)
x
f 1 (x)
lim
1
lim g(x)
x0
x
e1
0 ,
0 g() 0 g(e)
e
Bolzano x0 (, e) g(x0 ) 0 .
8.
g(x) f 1 (x)
9.
f 1 (f (x))
x
1
lim
lim
lim (x
) .
x
x f (x)
x
f (x)
f (x)
59
f x x3 7x 5 .
1.
. f 1 1 .
mathematica -95
. f x 0 0,1 .
f x 3
,x 1
2.
g x x 1
, R , g x
2 3 ,x 1
xo 1 .
3.
lim f x
lim f x .
. xo R
f xo 7.
. , 1 ,
xo R , .
4.
f x x
.
x
x4
. , f 3 5 f 2 6 .
. lim
:
. x1 ,x2 R x1 x2
1.
x x32 x13 7x1 5 x23 7x2 5 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ), f

R 1 1 .
3
1
. f [0, 1] f (0) 5 f (1) 3 f (0)f (1) 0

Bolzano x0 (0,1) f (x0 ) 0
f '1 1' x 0 .
x3 7x 8
2.
limg(x) lim
x1
x1
x1
(x 1)(x 2 x 8)
lim
lim x2 x 8 10 .
x1
x1
x1
g x 1
2 3 10 2 3 10 0 ( 2)( 5) 0 2 5 .
3.
. lim f (x) lim x3 lim f (x) lim x3 .

x
. f R
f (R) ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) ( , ) R 7 R x0 R
x
f (x0 ) 7 .
. h(x) f (x) 7 [1, 2]
mathematica -96
h(1) f (1) 7 4 0 h(2) f (2) 7 10 0 h(1)h(2) 0

Bolzano x0 (1, 2) h(x0 ) 0 .
f (x)x
(x3 7x 5)x
4.
. lim
lim
x oo
x oo
x4
x4
(x3 7x 5) x
lim
0
x oo
x3
x
. f (3 5) f (2 6) f '1 1'
3 5 2 6 3 7 6 0 2 3 .
60
f [0, 1]
f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 13 6f (0) 4f (1) .
N :
1.
f .
2.
x1 x 2 (0,1) :
. f y 3x
x1 .
1
1
1
. 12f (x 2 ) 3f 4f 5f .
e

2
3.
f (f 1 (lnx 4) 1) 3 .
4.
z f (x) if (x) x [0,1] .

. z .
. | z 5 | .
:
1.
,
f (1) 13 6f (0) 4f (1) f 2 (0) 6f (0) 9 f 2 (1) 4f (1) 4 0
2
f (0) 3
f (0) 3 f (1) 2 0
f (1) 2
f , 0 1 f (0) f (1) ,
f [0,1].
2
2.
. g(x) f (x) 3x,x [0,1] . g
[0,1] g(0) f (0) 3 0
g(1) f (1) 3 2 3 1 0 Bolzano

x1 (0,1) g(x1 ) 0 f (x1 ) 3x1 .
, [0,1] f () f () 3 3
f () 3 f () 3 g() g() , g
mathematica -97
[0,1] . x1 g(x) 0 .
f y 3x .
. f [0,1]
0 x 1 f (0) f (x) f (1) 3 f (x) 2 2 f (x) 3
1
1
1
x [0,1] 2 f 3 6 3f 9 .
e
e
e
1
1
1
x [0,1] 2 f 3 8 4f 12.

1
1
1
x [0,1] 2 f 3 10 5f 15.
2
2
2
1
1
1
, 24 3f 4f 5f 36 ,
e

2
1
1
1
3f 4f 5f
e

2 3 . ,
2
12
1
1
1
3f 4f 5f
e

2
, x2 (0,1) f (x 2 )
12
1
1
1
12f (x2 ) 3f 4f 5f . f
e

2
[0,1] , x 2 .
3.
f (f 1 (lnx 4) 1) 4 x 0
2 lnx 4 3 2 lnx 1 x [e2 ,e1 ]

0 f 1 (lnx 4) 1 1 1 f 1 (lnx 4) 2 . f 1
[0,1] , f 1 (lnx 4) 1 f (f 1 (lnx 4)) f (1)
lnx 4 2 lnx 2 x e2 x e2 .
.
:
2. 2 f (x) 3 x [0,1] ,
f , f (f 1 (lnx 4) 1) 3 x
, .
4.
. z i, , R
f (x)
z f (x) f (x)i i f (x) f (x)i

f (x)
z
y x 2 f (x) 3 , , [2, 3]
mathematica -98
z AB y x A(2,2)
B(3,3) .
. z 5 z 5 0i

z
(5,0) 5 0i .
y
B(3,3)
A(2,2)
(A) (B) 13
d(,)
15 10
12 ( 1)2
5 2
2
:xy 0
x
(5,0)
z 5 max (A) (B) 13 z 5 min d(,)
15 10
12 ( 1)2
5 2
.
2
:
z
y x x [2,3] z x yi x xi x [2,3] .
z x xi
z 5 x xi 5 (x 5) xi (x 5)2 x 2
x2 10x 25 x2 2x2 10x 25

2
2
2
2
2
5
5
25
5 25
5 5
2 x 2 x 25 2 x 25
2 x
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2x2 10x 25 x [2,3]

x g x 2x2 10x 25 .
2
2
2
5
5 5
g x 2x 10x 25 2 x 2 x 25 .
2
2 2
2
2
5
25
5 25
g x 2 x 25
2 x
2
2
2
2
x
5
g x x
2
g(x)
5 25
.
g
2 2
2
5
2
..
..
..
g x x1 2 x2 3
g 2 2 22 10 2 25 13 g 2 2 32 10 3 25 13 ,
x1 2 x2 3 g 2 g 3 13 .
5
z 5 min g(x)min g
2
25 5 2
2
2
mathematica -99
z 5 max g(x)max g(2) g(3) 13
61

x
y e xy x 2 1
g y 0 g(x) lim
:
x y
x 0 g(x) 0 . x 0 ex 1 lim (e )
y
x
0 g(x) 0 .
y
y (e ) x 2 1
x y
x y
2
2
x 0 ex 1 lim ((e ) 0 , lim ((e ) x 1) x 1
x y
2
lim ((e ) x 1) , lim
x y
x
x
x
2
g(x) 2
.
2
y (e ) x 1
x 1
x 1
x
g(x) 2
, xR .
x 1
lim
x y
62
f 1,4 :
f (x) 0 x [1,4]
f (1) 0
f (1)f (2) f (3)f (4)

:
f (x) 0 x [1,4] .
1.
2.
g(x) f 2 (x) f (1)f (2)
(1,2) .
3.
f .
:
1.
f (x) 0, x [1,4] , f
[1,4] . f (1) 0 f (x) 0,x [1,4] .
2.
g(x) f 2(x) f(1)f(2) [1,2] , f
[1,4] g(1) f 2 (1) f (1)f (2) f (1)(f (1) f (2))
g(2) f 2 (2) f (1)f (2) f (2)(f (2) f (1)) .
g(1)g(2) f (1)f (2)(f (2) f (1))2 0 (1) .
f (1) f (2) 0 g(x) 0 1 2 .
f (1) f (2) (1) g(1)g(2) 0 Bolzano
g(x) 0 (1,2) . g(x) 0 ,
x1 [1,2] .
mathematica -100
3.
h(x) f 2 (x) f (3)f (4) ,
x2 [3,4] , h(x2 ) 0
f 2 (x2 ) f (3)f (4) (2) f 2 (x1 ) f (1)f (2) .
f (1)f (2) f (3)f (4) f 2 (x1 ) f 2 (x2 ) f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
f (x) 0,x [1,4] . f '1 1' x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ).
:
f 1,4 , f x 0 (1)
1 , 2 1,2 f 1 m,f 2 ,
0 m f x M x 1,2
x 1
0 m f 1 M ( )
x 2
0 m f 2 M
0 m 2 f 1 f 2 M 2
16 x 9 0,
0 m f 1 f 2 M

f 1 m ,f 2
m,M 0
0 m 2 f 1 f 2 M 2
0 f 1 f 1 f 2 f 2
f 1 f 2 f 1 , f 2 .
1 2 f (1 ) f ( 2 ) m M f 1,2
f 1 1
1 2
f 1,2 f 1 , 2 1,2 .
,..,
f 1 , 2 ,
x1 1 , 2 f x1 f 1 f 2
1 , 2 1,2
x1 1,2 f x1 f 1 f 2
x2 3,4 f x2 f 3 f 4
f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4
f x1 f x2 x1 x2 1 x1 2 3 x2 4 .
f 1 1 .
63
1.
x0 0 , lim f x limf xo h
x xo
h1
mathematica -101
f : 0, R
2.
f xy f x f y , x,y R . :
. A f xo 1 , f 0,
. A f xo , 0,1 1, , f
0,
f x
1 ,
x1 x 1
. A f xo 1 lim
f x f 1
, 0,1 1, .
x
x
:
x
1.
h x xoh . x x0 h 1 .
xo
lim f (x) limf (xoh) .
lim
x x0
h1
2.
. x 1 f (1) f (1) f (1) 2f (1) 0 f (1) 0 .
limf (x) f (1) 0 , f 1
x1
lim f (x) limf (x0h) lim[f (xo ) f (h)] f (xo ) limf (h) f (xo ) f (1) f (xo )
x x0
h1
h1
h1
xo 0 . (0, ) .
. xo , 0,1 1, .
limf x f .
x
(2) , f xo 1 .
1
1
limf x limf x lim f x f lim f u f
x1
x1
x1
u

1
1
f f f f 1 .

x
f f
f x f
. f xo 0 lim
lim
L
x
x
x
x

x
h x h 1
f h f
f f h f 1
L lim
lim
.
h1
h 1
h
h 1
64
mathematica -102
f : R R : f x y f x f y ,
x,y R , R () .
1.
2.
3.
4.
f 0 .
f x y f x f y x,y R .
f x f x 1 x R , N* .
f x R ,
f 1 1 f 1 x y f 1 x f 1 y x,y f R .
5.
. x 0 f x , f
R .
. f 1 2f (x2 ) f 1 f (3x 1) .
6.
f xo 0 limf (x) .
x
:
1.
:
x y 0 f (0) 2f (0) f (0) .
2.
x y
f (0) f (y) f (y) f ( y) 2 f (y) (1) .
y y
f (x y) f (x) f ( y) f (x y) f (x) 2 f (y)
f (x y) f (x) f (y) ( (1) ) .
3.
1 f (x) f (x) 0 0 0 , .
f (x) f (x) ( 1)(2) ,
1 .
f[( 1)x] f(x x) f(x) f(x) f(x) f(x) ( 1)
( 1)f () ,
.
4.
f (0) , f (x) 0
xo 0 .
x1 ,x2 R f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f (x1 ) f (x2 ) 0
f (x1 x2 ) 0 f (x1 x2 ) ( 2) ,
x1 x2 0 x1 x2 , f 1 1 , .
f 1 (x y ) (x y ) f (), f 1 (x) x f ()
f 1 (y) y f ()
f ( ) f () f () f ( ) x y
f 1 (x y ) f 1 (x y ) f 1 (x) f 1 (y)
mathematica -103
. x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 x2 x1 0
f(x2 x1 ) f(x2 ) f(x1 ) f(x2 ) f(x1 ) , f
R . f 1 R .
:
' x1 ,x2 R x1 x2
f 1 (x1) f 1 (x2 ) , f f (f 1 (x1) ) f (f 1 (x2 )
5.
x1 x2 , oo .
. f 1 (2f (x2 ) f 1 (f (3x 1) )
2f (x2 ) f (3x 1) f (x2 ) f (3x 1) f (0) f (x2 )

f (x2 3x 1) f ( x2 ) 2x2 3x 1 0
1
x ( ,1)
2
6.
limf (x) f (0) , f 0 .

x 0
xo R limf (xo h) lim[f (xo ) f (h) ] f (x0 ) .

h0
h0
f R .
65
f : R R f 3 (x) 5f(x) x 0
x R .
1.
f .
2.
f .
3.
f R
f 1 .
4.
5.
6.
f R.
f R.
f (x 19) x 1.
7.
f 1 (x)
lim
.
x 0 x
.:
1.
f (x)(f 2 (x) 5) x,x R f 2 (x) 5 0
x
(1) . x 0 f (x) 0 x 0
f (x) 2
f (x) 5
f (x) 0 .
mathematica -104
2.
x1 ,x2 R f (x1 ) f (x2 )
f 3 (x1 ) f 3 (x 2 ) , 5f (x1 ) 5f (x2 )
f 3 (x1 ) 5f (x1 ) f 3 (x2 ) 5f (x 2 ) x1 x2 f '1 1' .
3.
g(x) x3 5x,x R
x1 x2 x13 x23 x13 5x1 x23 5x2

g(x1 ) g(x2 ).
lim g(x) lim (x3 5x) lim (x3 )
x
x
3
lim g(x) lim (x 5x) lim (x )

3
g g(R) R g(f (x)) x, x R g

g 1 : R R f (x) g 1 ( x),x R.
f R f 1 : R R x
f 1 (x) f 3 (f 1 (x)) 5f (f 1 (x)) f 1 (x) 0
f 1 (x) x3 5x, x R.
4.
g(f (x)) x, x R x1 x 2 , x1 x2
g(f (x1 )) g(f (x2 )) g , ,
f (x1 ) f (x2 ), f R.
5.
x x0 f 3 (x0 ) 5f (x0 ) x0
f 3 (x) f 3 (x0 ) 5(f(x) f(x0 )) x x0

(f (x) f (x0 )) f 2 (x) f (x)f (x0 ) f 2 (x0 ) 5 (x x 0 )
f (x) f (x0 )
x x0
4
3 2
f (x) 2 f (x0 ) 4 f (x 0 ) 5
x x0
f (x) f (x 0 )
x x0
5
3 2
f (x) 2 f (x 0 ) 4 f (x 0 ) 5
x x0
x x0
f (x) f (x0 )

.
5
5
x x0
lim
0 ,
x x0
5
lim(f (x) f (x0 )) 0 lim(f (x)) f (x 0 ) f R .
x x0
x x0
mathematica -105
6.
f(x 19) x 1 x 19 f 1 (x 1) (3)
x 19 (x 1)3 5(x 1) (x 1)3 6(x 1) 20 0 Horner

x 1 2 x 1 (x 1)2 2(x 1) 10 0 .
f 1 (x) x 3 5x x0 x 2 5
limh(x) 5.
7.
h(x)
x 0
x
x
x
x
ghan
66
f : R R , x R : x2 f (x) x2 1 .
1.
Cf y 2x
x0 0,1 .
2.
f :
1
1
x 1 , x R
. g(x)
f (x) e
. ex f (x) exf (x) 0,2 .
3.
lim x2f ln x .
x 0
x
:
h(x) f (x) 2x x R, ,
1.
, h(0) f (0) 0, h 1 f 1 2 0
Bolzano xo 0,1 f xo 2xo .

. f x1 , x2 x1 x2 :
1
1
1
1
x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
, ex1 ex2 x1 x2
e
e
f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
1
g(x1 ) g(x2 ) g .
2.
.
exf (x) 0
1
1
x 1 0 g(x) 0
f (x) e
g :
e f (x) e f (x)
x
(f (2)4) 1 1 3 4 3e2
1 1
1
g(0)g(2)
1
0.

f (0) f (2) e 2
f (0) e 2 4 4e 2f (0)
Bolzano g(x) 0 (0, 2)

g.
mathematica -106
1
1 1
1
f 2 1 1 x2f 1 x 2
2
x
x x
x
1
lnx 1 lnx x2f 1 x 2 lnx
x
3.
1
x2 lnx) lim lnx x2f .
lim(1
x0
x0
x
67
f : (0,1) R
f (x) 5
3 2(x 1) (x 1)f (x) x2 1 x (0,1) .
x0
x
1.
g(x) f (x) lnx 3,
x (0,1).
lim
2.
h(x) ef (x)3
,
xo 0,1 .
3.
xe 3 e
0,1 , R .
f x
1.
k(x)
f (x) 5
,x 0 , f (x) xk(x) 5 .
x
f (x) 5
limk(x) 3 .
x0
x 0
x
lim f (x) lim(xk(x)
5) 03 5 5 .
lim
x 0
x 0
2(x 1) (x 1)f (x) x2 1 , x (0,1)
2(x 1)
x2 1
f (x)
,
x1
x1
u x 1, x 1 , u 0
2(x 1)
2u
x2 1
lim(x
1) 2 .
lim
lim
2 lim
x1 x 1
x1
x1
u 0
x1
u
lim f (x) 2 .
x1
f (0,1)
A (lim f (x), lim f (x)) (2,5) .
x1
x 0
x1 ,x2 (0,1) x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) (1) ( f

) .
mathematica -107
x1 ,x2 (0,1) x1 x2 lnx1 3 lnx2 3 (2) .

(1) , (2) g(x1 ) g(x2 ) . g (0,1)
lim g(x) lim(f
(x) ln x 3) lim g(x) lim(f
(x) ln x 3) 2 3 1 .
x 0
x 0
x1
x1
g B (lim g(x), lim g(x)) ( 1, ) .

x1
x 0
2.
(x) ef (x)3 x,x (0,1) .
x1 ,x2 (0,1) x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f (x1 ) 3 f (x2 ) 3 .
ef (x1 )3 ef (x2 )3 , (0,1).
f (x) 3
u f (x) 3, x 0 , u 2 lim(e
) lim eu e2
x 0
lim (x) lim(e
x 0
f (x) 3
x 0
u2
x) e 0 u f (x) 3, x 1 , u 1
2
1
1
f (x) 3
, lim (x) lim(e
x) 1 0 .
x1
u1
x1
x1
e
e
1
(lim (x), lim (x)) ( 1,e 2 ) .
x1
x 0
e
0 , .
(0,1) . , h(x) ef (x) 3
x0 (0,1) .
f (x) 3
lim(e
) lim (eu )
3.
xe 3 ef (x) xe ef (x)3 h(x) xe 0
s(x) h(x) xe ,x (0,1) .
h (0,1) .
x1 ,x2 (0,1) x1 x2 h(x1 ) h(x2 ) x1e x2e ,
s (0,1) .
1
2
lim
s(x)
lim(h(x)
xe
)
xe
)
0
lim s(x) lim(h(x)
x1
x1
x 0
x 0
e
1
s (lim s(x), lim s(x)) ( e ,e 2 ) .
x1
x0
e
:
1
1 : e 0 ,
e
1
1
e 0 e e1 1 e 1 e0 1 .
e
e
, 0 .
1
2 : e 0
e
1
1
e 0 e e1 1 e 1 e0 1 , 0 ,
e
e
.
mathematica -108
68
ghan
f : R R f R R x,y R
1.
2.
1
x y , 0,1 . :
f .
f 1 (x) f 1 (y) x y x,y R.
3.
f 1 (x) R .
4.
f 1 (x) x R .
f (x) f (y)
:
:
1.
x x1 ,y x2 :
1
| f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) | | x1 x 2 | (1)
.
f (x1 ) f (x2 ) , (1) :

1
0 | x1 x2 || x1 x2 | 0 x1 x 2 , f 1 1 .
2.
x f 1 (x) y f 1 (y)
1
: | x y | | f 1 (x) f 1 (y) || f 1 (x) f 1 (y) | | x y | (2) .
3.
(1) y x0 :
| f 1 (x) f 1 (x0 ) | | x x0 | | x x0 | f 1 (x) f 1 (x0 ) | x x0 | (3) .

: lim | x x0 | lim | x x0 | 0 ,
x x0
x x0
(3) :
lim f 1 (x) f 1 (x0 ) 0 lim f 1 (x) f 1 (x0 ) ,
x x0
x x0
f x 0 , R .
4.
f 1 1 1 ,
, x .
.
69

mathematica -109
f ,g : R R
f 2 x g 2 x 1 2xf x 2g x , x R .
1.
f x x g x 1 x2 , x R .
2.
f g xo 0 .
f x
.
x x 2
4.
g R , g x 2x
R .
3.
lim
1.
,
2
f (x) g (x) 1 2xf (x) 2g(x) f 2 (x) 2xf (x) g 2 (x) 2g(x) 1 0
2
(f 2 (x) 2xf (x) x2 ) (g 2 (x) 2g(x) 1) x 2 (f (x) x)2 (g(x) 1) 2 x2

f (0) 0
x 0 (f (0) 0) (g(0) 1) 0
g(0) 1
2.
(f (x) x)2 (g(x) 1)2 x2 (f (x) x)2 x 2 (g(x) 1)2 x 2
(f (x) x)2 x2 f (x) x x x f (x) x x

x x f (x) x x
lim( x x) 0 lim( x x) ,
x 0
x0
limf (x) 0 .
x0
(f (x) x)2 (g(x) 1)2 x2 (g(x) 1)2 x 2 (f (x) x)2 x 2
(g(x) 1)2 x2 g(x) 1 x x g(x) 1 x
x 1 g(x) x 1
lim( x 1) 1 lim( x 1) , limg(x) 1
x 0
x 0
x0
limg(x) 1 g(0) limf (x) 0 f (0) , f ,g

x 0
x 0
x0 0 .
3.
x x f (x) x x , x 0 ,
f (x) 2x 2
2
0 2 2 . lim 0 lim 0.
x x
x
x
x
x
f (x)
0.
x x 2
h(x) g(x) 2x,x R
lim
4.
1 x g(x) 1 x
mathematica -110
x 2 1 g(2) 3
1 4 g(2) 4 3 4 5 h(2) 1 .
h [2,1]
h(1) g(1) 2 1 2 3 0 h(2) g(2) 4 0
Bolzano x0 (2,1)
h(x0 ) 0 g(x0 ) 2x0 , g(x) 2x
.
70
f ,g f x ln x2 x g x ln x 1 .
1.
h
f ,g .
2.
3.
h 1 .
h1 x 1 h x ln h1 ln2 eh e .
:
1.
f Af (,0) (1, ) g
Ag (1, ) . Ah (1, ) .
x 1 f (x) lnx ln(x 1) lnx g(x) h(x) lnx .

h(x) 0 lnx 0 x 1 . ,
x 1 0 h .
2.
y h(x) y lnx,x 1 x ey ,x 1 h 1 (x) e x ,x 0 .
3.
: ex1 lnx ln(eln2 ) elne ex1 lnx ln2 e .
x 2 0 x1 x2
x1 1 x2 1 ex1 1 ex2 1 lnx1 lnx2 lnx1 ln2 e lnx2 ln2 e
,
ex1 1 lnx1 ln2 e ex2 1 lnx2 ln2 e
P(x) ex1 lnx ln2 e (0, ) ,

.
mathematica -111
mathematica -112
50
mathematica -113
+ : 29/01/2012 17/02/2012

:- 50 .
:

parmenides51
mathematica.gr.
mathematica -114
71
f R , x 0
lim
h0
f x 0 2h
h
m R . f (x 0 )
m
.
2
lim
f x f (x 0 )
x x0
x x0
m
.
2
0 h 0 )
x o x xo . .
x 0 2h t h
lim
t x0
f x 0 2h
x0 t
h 0, t x 0 lim
m
h0
2
h
f t
f t
f t
m
m 2lim
m lim
1 .
t x0 x t
t x0 t x
x0 t
2
0
0
2
g(t)
g(t)
f t
t x0
f t
t x0
t x0 limg(x)
t x0
m
.
2
f t g(t) t x 0 ,
m
x 0 x 0 0.
t x 0
t x 0
2
f R, limf (t) 0 f (x 0 ) 1
limf t limg(t) t x 0
tx0
lim
t x0
f t
t x0
f t f (x 0 )
m
m
m
lim
f (x 0 ) .
t x0
2
t x0
2
2
f x0 2h f (x0 )
f x0 2h f (x0 )
f x f (x0 ) x x0 2h
lim
lim
x x0
h0
h0
x x0
2h
x0 2h x0
lim
f x 0
x x0 2h
f x0 2h
f (x0 ) lim f x limf x0 2h lim
h
x x0
h0
h0
h
mathematica -115
f x0 2h
f x0 2h
f (x0 ) lim
h lim
lim h m 0 0
h 0
h 0
h 0
h
h
f x0 2h f ( x0 ) f (x0 )0 1
f x0 2h
f x f (x0 )
m
lim
lim
x x0
h 0
x x0
2h
2 h 0
h
2
lim
f x 0 f x0
m
2

72
f : R R :
f (2) 2
lim
x0
f (x)
3
3x
f (x) 0 x (0, 2)
1. f (0) 0.
2. f (0) 9.
3. f
A(0,f (0)).
4. f (x) 0
(0, 2).
5. (0, 2) f () 2 .
6.
x1 , x 2 (0, 2) f (x1 )f (x 2 ) 1.
: . - . ( )
1.
lim
x 0
f x
3x
f x
3x
g x limg x 3 , x
x0
0.
f x 3x g x limf x lim 3x g x 03 0.
x0
x0
f x o 0 ( ) f 0 limf x 0.
x 0
2.
f ,
3x g x
f (x) f (0)
f (x) f x 3x g x
f (0) lim
lim
lim
x 0
x 0 x
x 0
1
x0
x
3x
lim
g x 3 3 9.
x 0
x
mathematica -116
u
3x
3x (*)
lim
lim
3
3lim
3 limg x 3.
x 0
x0
x0
u0 u
x
3x
(*) u 3x, limu lim3x 0 .

x 0
x 0
lim
x 0
f x
3x
f x f 0
3 lim
x 0
x0
3x
3
3x
3 (1).
u
3x
lim 3
3lim
3 ( u 3x ).
x0
u0 u
3x
f x f 0
( 1)
f x f 0
x0
lim
x 0
3.
x0
3x
3
3x
h x limh x 3
x0
3x
hx .
3x
f x f 0
x0
3x
lim 3
h x 33 9 . f 0 9.
x 0
3x
Cf A 0, f 0
y f 0 f 0 x 0 y 9x.
4.
f x 0 1 , 2
1 2 0, 2 . f 1 f 2 0 f
1 ,2 0, 2 ( f )
. Rolle ,
h 1 ,2 f h 0. . f x 0
x 0, 2 . f x 0 0, 2 .
5.
h x f x 2 x,x 0, 2 .
h x 0, 2 f
mathematica -117
h 0 f 0 2 2 0 h 2 f 2 2 2 2 0.
Bolzano , 0, 2
h 0 f 2 0 f 2 .
6.
f ...
0, , 2 , , (5)
x1 0, x 2 , 2 :
f 2 f 2 2
2
f x 2
.
2
2
2
0
2
f x1 f x 2
1.
2
f x1
f f 0
73
x3 x2
f x
x 1 e x , x R.
2
6
1.
, ,
.
2.
f .
x3 x2
x
3.
e
x 1, x R.
6
2
g x
g3 x
g x
4.
g : R R lim e
1.
x 0
6
limg x 0.
x 0
: . ( )
1. f R
2
x x3 x2
x3 x
x x
f (x) e x 1 e x 1 e .
2
6
2
mathematica -118
, f
( , 0]
[0, )
x 0 f (0) 1.
x -
x 3
ex
f (x)
f(x)
f R

1
x 2e x
2 x
3 x
f (x)
(3x e x e )
(x 3).
6
6
, f
+
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
-
9 . 0
x - 0 3 +
x3
- 0 +
+ 0+
+
x 2e x
f (x)
- 0- 0 +
4 4.3
f(x)
( , 3] [3, ) M(3,13e 3 ).
2. 1 ( , 0] f (1 ) ( lim f (x), f (0)] ( ,1] f

x
x3
1 lim ( ) , lim e x
x 6
x
2 [0, ) f (2 ) ( lim f (x), f (0)] (0,1]
x
f 2
x3 x2
x2

x 1
x 1
x 1
1
6
2
2
lim f (x) lim
lim
lim
lim
0.
x
x
DLH x
DLH x e x DLH x e x
ex
ex
f(R) f(1 ) f(2 ) ( ,1].
3. f f (0) 1
x3 x2
x3 x2
x
x
f (x) 1 (
x 1)e 1 e
x 1.
6
2
6
2
g 3 (x)
g 2 (x)
g(x)
g(x)
1 1
4. (3) : e
6
2
g x
g3 x
lim e g x
1
1 lim1
x 0
x 0
6
g 2 (x)
g 2 (x)
g 2 (x)
lim
1 1 lim
1 1 lim
0 limg 2 (x) 0 (1).
x0
x
0
x
0
x 0
2
2
2
mathematica -119
(x) g 2 (x) lim(x) 1 | g(x) | ((x), lim | g(x) | 0

x0
x 0
| g(x) | g(x) | g(x) | , limg(x) 0.

x 0
74
f R
f () f ()
x .
f (x)
2
1. x1 (,) f (x1 ) 0.
2. f () f () 0.
3. (,) f () 0 .
: . . ( )
f () f ()
, x R.
2
f () f ()
x f ()
f () f () (1).
2
f () f ()
x f ()
f () f () (2).
2
(1) , (2) f () f ().
f [,] , R,
f (,) , R,
f () f ()
1. f (x)
Rolle x1 (,) f (x1 ) 0.

f () f ()
f () f () , x R (3).
2
(3) f x x .
Fermat f () f () 0.
2. f (x)
3. f [,x1 ] f R,
f (,x1 ) f R,
f () f (x1 ) 0.
Rolle 1 (,x1 ) f (1 ) 0.
f [x1 ,] f R,
mathematica -120
f (x1 ,) f R,
f () f (x1 ) 0.
Rolle 2 (x1 ,) f ( 2 ) 0.
1 x1 2 1 2 .
f [1 , 2 ] f R,
f (1 , 2 ) f R,
f (1 ) f ( 2 ) 0.
Rolle (1 , 2 ) f () 0.
75
f R
f 3 (x) 3f (x) x x R.
1.
f .
2.
3.
f f 1 .
f .
4.
f ,
.
f () f () f ()
0 ,
5.
6.
. g(x) f (x) x.
. f (x 2 x) x x 2 .
: . - . ( )
1.
f 3 (x) 3f (x) x

f (x) 30
1
3f (x)f (x) 3f (x) 1 f (x) 2
f (x) 0
3f (x) 3
2
f R.
2.
f 1 1 , .
f .

f 3 (x) 3f (x) x x R.
mathematica -121
A(x) x 3 3x x R A(x) 3x 2 3 0 A(x)

R 1 1
A 1 (x).
lim A(x) lim x 3 3x

x
, lim A(x) lim x 3 3x .

x
A R
A R A , lim A(x), lim A(x) , R.

A9
A 1 (x) R.
f 3 (x) 3f (x) x x R.
A f (x) x f (x) A 1 (x) x R.
f A 1 (x)
A(x) R
f (x) y x f 1 (y) , f 1 (x) x 3 3x,x R.

y o R xo y o 3 3y o
f 3 (x 0 ) 3f (x 0 ) x 0 y 03 3y 0 f 3 (x 0 ) y 03 3f (x 0 ) 3y 0 0
3 0.
f (x 0 ) y 0 f 2 (x 0 ) f (x 0 )y 0 y 0 2 3 f (x 0 ) y 0 0
f (x 0 ) y 0 f 2 (x 0 ) f (x 0 )y 0 y 0 2
f(x0 ) y 0 f 2 (x0 ) f (x0 )y 0 y 0 2 3 0

3y 0 2 12 0. f(x0 ) y 0 f R .
f (x) y x f 1 (y) , f 1 (x) x 3 3x,x R.

y o R . x0 y o 3 3y o , f(xo ) y o .
, A f (x) x x R , :
x0 y o 3 3 A(f (x0 )) A(y o ) f (x0 ) y o
A 1 1. .
mathematica -122
x0 y o 3 3y o ,
f , A . f
R .
, y R , x R , f (x) y.
:
f 3 (x) 3f(x) x y 3 3y x f 1 (y) y 3 3y y R,

f 1 (x) x 3 3x, x R.
3.
x 0
f (0)(f 2 (0) 3) 0 f (0) 0, f 2 (0) 3 0.
x 0 f f (x) f (0) f (x) 0
x 0 f (x) f (0) f (x) 0 f 0.
4.
3f 2 (x)f (x) 3f (x) 1
f
6f (x)(f (x))2 3f 2 (x)f (x) 3f (x) 0 f (x)
3(f 2 (x) 1)f (x) 6f (x)(f (x)) 2 . 3(f 2 (x) 1) 0
f (x)
6f (x)(f (x))2
6f (0)(f (0))2
(1)
0
f
(0)
0
3(f 2 (x) 1)
3(f 2 (0) 1)
f (0) 0 (3) (3) x 0 f (x) 0
x 0 f (x) 0 f (x) 0, x ( , 0) f
( , 0] f (x) 0, x (0, ) f
[0, ) , O(0, 0) f .
f () f (0) f () f ()
(3).
0
f [0, ] , (0, ) ...

f () f (0)
1 (0, ), ..f (1 )
... [,]
0
f () f ()
2 (,), ..f ( 2 )
.
f 9
f () f (0) f () f ()
1 2 f (1 ) f ( 2 )
.
0
5.
mathematica -123
1
1 3f 2 (x) 3 3f 2 (x) 2
0.
3f 2 (x) 3
3f 2 (x) 3
3f 2 (x) 3
g(x) 0, x R g R.
6.
).
g (x) f (x) 1
). f (x2 x) x x2 f (x2 x) (x 2 x) 0
g(x 2 x) g(0) x 2 x 0 ( g R )
x ( ,0) (1, ).
76
f : (0, ) R
x 2x
e y f (x) 2xe y f y y x 0 y ,
e e
f (1) 6,f (1) 3.
1.
f (x) x 0.
2.
f (x) (0, ).
3.
f .
4.
f (0, )
f A(1,f (1)).
5.
,, R 1
10
,
3
2 2 2 1.
: . ( )
1. x 1, y lnx x :
1
1
6e lnx 2e lnx f lnx
e
lnx
e
e lnx e lnx
1
x
8
f (x) 2x , x 0.
x
8
x 2 8lnx f (x) x 2 8lnx c, x 0
x
f (1) 3 c 2 f (x) x 2 8lnx 2,x 0.
2. f (x) 2x
3. .
mathematica -124
2(x 2 4) 2 x 2 x 2
f (x)
,x 0
x
x

f x [2, ) f
x (0, 2] f

x 2 f (2) 6 8ln2.
x -
x -2
x +2
f (x)
-2
- 0 +
+ -
2 +
- 0 +
+
+
- 0 +
0 . 9
f(x)
8
8
4. f (x) 2x , x 0 f (x) 2 2 0,
x
x
f A(1, f (1)) y f(1) f (1)(x 1)
y 6x 9.
5. f
,
y f ( x) y f (x) 6x 9, x R x , ,
f () 6 27
f () 6 27
f () 6 27
f () f () f () 6( ) 27
2 2 2 8 ln ln ln 1 8ln() 1 1.
: 1
: 2 2 2 1.
77
f :[0, ) R ,
f (x) f (f (x)) 2x x [0, ).
1.
f (x) 0 x [0, ) f (0) 0.
2.
e f (x )
f (x)

0
f (x) f (x) 1
(0, 1). .
3.
f x 0 1
f A(1,f (1)). .
: . ( )
mathematica -125
1.
f [0, ) f (f (x))
[0, ) f (x) 0 x [0, ).

f (0) f (f (0)) 0 f (0) 0 f (f (0)) 0
f (0) 0 f (f (0)) 0 f (0) 0.

2.
ex (f (x) 1) f 2 (x) 0
(0,1).
g(x) ex (f (x) 1) f 2 (x) x [0,1]

g(0) f (0) 1 f 2 (0) 1 0 g(1) e(f (1) 1) f 2 (1).

f (1) 1 f (1) 1 f (1) 1 f (1) 1 f
f (f (1)) f (1)
f (1) f (f (1)) 2 f (f (1)) 2 f (1)
2 f (1) f (1) 2 2f (1) 1 f (1) . .
f (1) 1 f (1) 1
g(1) f 2 (1) 0. . g(0)g(1) 0 Bolzano
g(x) 0 (0,1).
3.
f 1 f (1) 1 f
f (1) h(x) f(x) f(f(x)) 1
h(1) f (1) f (f (1))f (1) f (1) f (1)f (1) f (1) (f (1))2

h(x) 2x h(x) 2 h(1) 2.
f (1) (f (1))2 2 (f (1)) 2 f (1) 2 0
f (1) 1, f (1) 2 f ,
, f (1) 1 (1,f (1))
y x.
78
f , g : 0, R , f , f 1 1
f e 0 , e
1.
f x
x ce
g x
, x 0 , c R.
x f x x x ln x
Rolle 1,e .
mathematica -126
2.
, f ln.
3.
c.
f .
4.
1.
H [1, e]
H [1, e]
1
(x) f (x) 1 lnx x f (x) lnx.
x
(1) 1 1 0 0
(e) 0 e e 0
Rolle
(1,e) : () 0 f () ln 0 f () ln.
2. (1).
3. . x 0 e
(2)
f x
x ce
g x
, c R ,
ef () ceg() eln ceg() ceg() c 0 eg( ) 0.

4. . (3) ef (x) x f (x) lnx (xlnx x) , x 0
f (x) xlnx x c, x 0 f (1) 1 c 0
f (x) xlnx x,x 0.
79

1
x
f (x) xe , x R* .
1.
f
.
2.
f .
3.
4.
f .
1
x
R.
5.
,
x
1 ln x 1
lim f
.
2
x 0
x
x
mathematica -127
: . ( )
1
x
1.
e R*
1
e x , f
x
*
R

x1
,x 0.
x
f (x) 0 x 1
x -
f (x) (xe1/x ) e1/x
x 0 f ,

f
f
x
f (x)
0
+
1
+
0 +
+
0 +
+
-
0 + O.
f(x)
- 9
0 e9
x ( ,0), f ,
x (0,1], f ,
x [1, ), f .
1
1
1 f (1) 1 e e.
1
limf (x) lim 0 limeu 1
x x
u 0
x
1
1
f (1) 1 e e
x 1 .
2.
f R*

f (x) e1/x
1
,
x3
f (x) 0 x ( ,0),
f (x) 0 x (0, ).
x -
x3
1
ex
f (x)
f(x)
0 +
- 0 +
+
+
- 0 +
4 . 3
(0, ) ( ,0).
mathematica -128
1
e1/x ( )
e
x lim e1/x
3.
A lim f (x) lim
lim
x 0
x 0 1 / x DLH x 0
x 0
1
( )
x
1
B lim f (x) 00 0 lim lim eu 0
u
x 0 x
x 0

1/x
1
0 limeu 1
x x
x
u0
1
D limf (x) lim 0 limeu 1
x x
u 0
x
C lim f (x) , lim
f 1 = ( , 0)
f(1 ) (D,B) ( ,0).
f 2 = (0,1]
f(2 ) [e, A) [e, ).
f
3 = [1, ,0) f (3 ) [e,C) [e, ).
f () f(1 ) f(2 ) f( 3 ) ( ,0) [e, ).
4.
f(x) .
1
x
x 0
x
y R .
xx' .
Cf y o f(x)
0 1 .
x
y=<0
0 .
y==0
-1
x
1
-2
mathematica -129
e .
y==e
y=<e
0 e .
y=>e
e .
5.
x
1 ln(x 1) 1 x ln(x 1) xe ln(x 1)
f
.
x
x2
x2
x2
x
xe ln(x 1)
1 ln(x 1)
lim f
lim
lim
2
x 0
x 0
x
x2
x
x 0
1
2e x xe x
(x 1) 2
lim
3 / 2.
x 0
2
x
80
(0/0)
e x xe x
2x
1
(0/0)
x 1
f R f (0) 0
f (x 0 3h) f (x 0 2h)
10x 0e f (x0 ) x0 R
h0
h
1.
f .
2.
f .
3.
.
: . ( )
lim
1.
f (x 0 h) f (x 0 )
R
h0
h
f (x 0 ) lim
mathematica -130
f (x0 3h) f (x0 ) (*)

f (x 0 u) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 u) f (x 0 )
lim
3lim
3f (x0 )
h0
u 0
u0
u
h
u
3
f (x0 2h) f (x0 ) (**)

f (x0 u) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 u) f (x 0 )
lim
lim
2lim
2f (x0 ).
h0
u 0
u 0
u
h
u
2
(*) 3h u , limu lim3h 0 .
h0
h 0
lim
(**) 2h u , limu lim( 2h) 0

h 0
h 0
,
f (x 3h) f (x0 2h)
f (x0 3h) f (x0 ) f (x0 2h) f (x0
lim 0
lim
h 0
h 0
h
h
h
3f (x0 ) ( 2f (x0 )) 5f (x0 ).

5f (x0 ) 10x0 e
f (x0 )
f (x0 ) 2x0 ef (x0 ) .
f f (x) 2xef (x) .

,
2x
f (x) 2xef (x) f (x) f (x) f (x)e f (x) 2x e f (x)
e
f (0)
x 0 e
c e0 c c 1.
x e
f (x)
x 2 c.
e f (x) x 2 1 lne f (x) ln x 2 1 f (x) ln x 2 1 f (x) ln (x 2 1)

.
2.
. f (x) ln(x 2 1),x R.

2x
f R f (x) 2
, x R.
x 1
2x
x - 0 +
f (x) 0 2
0 x 0.
x 1
2x
+ 0 f
2
+
+
x 1
( , 0]

[0, )
f (0) 0.
f (x)
f(x)
+ 0 -
9 . 0
mathematica -131
2(x 2 1)
, x R.
f R f (x)
2
f (x) 0
2(x 2 1)
x -
x2 1
x 2 1 0 x 1
f
( , 1] [1, ) .

[1,1].
f (x)
f(x)
-1
+ 0 +
1 +
0 +
+
+ 0 0 +
3 . 4 . 3
f x 0 0 f (0) 0
3.
f A( 1, ln 2) B(1, ln2).
81
f (x) (x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2, x R.
1. f f .
2. f
.
3. f .
4. f .
5. f(x) 0 f .
6. Cf .
: .
(21/5/2008)
1. f (x) (x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2, x R.
f R
f (x) e x (x 2)e x 4x 3 e x (3 x) 4x 3, x R.
f R
f (x) e (3 x) e
x
4x
x 4 4e x
4 e (4 x) 4 x 4
.
e
ex
x
x 4 4e x A(x)
x .
2. f (x)
ex
e
x
A(x) x 4 4e , x R x 0.
mathematica -132
A(x) 1 4ex 0, x R A(x) .

x 0 A(x)
( ,0) , (0, ).
, x 1 , A(1) 1 4 4e1 0 , x (,0)
f (x) 0. x 4 , A(4) 4 4 4e4 4e4 0
x (0, ) f (x) 0.
f ( ,0] [0, ).
O(0,f(0)) (0,0).
3.
x (0, ) f (x) 0 , f
f9
[0, ) , x 0 f (x) f (0) 0
f (x) 0, x (, 0) f ( , 0].
x (,0) f (x) 0 , f
f0
( ,0] , x 0 f (x) f (0) 0 f (x) 0, x (0, )

f [0, ) f x 0
R.
f R .
4. f R
f (R) ( lim f (x), lim f (x)).

x
lim f (x) lim (x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2 ,

x
x2
1
lim (x 2)e x lim x lim x 0 lim 2x 2 3x 2 .
x
x
x
x e
e

lim f (x) lim (x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2
2x 2 3x 2
lim (x 2)e 1
.
x
( x 2)e x
mathematica -133
lim (x 2)e x
x
2x 3x 2
4x 3
4x 3
lim
lim
x (x 2)e x DLH x e x (x 2)e x

x (x 1)e x DLH
2
lim
4
4
lim
0.
x e x (x 1)e x
x xe x
lim
f f (R) lim f (x) , lim f (x) ( , ).

x
5. f(0) 0 f R , x 0
f (x) 0.
f9
x 0 f (x) f (0) 0 f (x) 0, x (0, ).

f9
x 0 f (x) f (0) 0 f (x) 0, x ( , 0).

6. f R .
lim f (x) lim f (x) , Cf .
x
(x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2
f (x)
lim
lim
x x
x
2
2
lim e x x 2x 3 .
x
ex
x
Cf

f (x)
lim
x
x

(x 2)e 2x 3x 2
lim
D
x
x
LH
x
lim (3 x)e x 4x 3
x

4x
3
lim e x (3 x) x x ,
x
e
e

mathematica -134
f (x) (x 2)e x 2x 2 3x 2
4x
4
3
lim x lim x 0, lim x 0.
x e
x e
x e
Cf .
82
f (x) e x x 1.
1.
f ,
.
2.
f
3.
ex (x 1) ex 1
.
x2
x
4.
e 1 x ,x 0.
2
5.
f (x) f (x2 ) lnx.
1.
f (x) e x x 1,x R . f R
f (x) e x 1
f (x) 0 e x 1 0 e x 1 e x e0 x 0
f (x) 0 e x 1 0 e x 1 e x e0 x 0 x 0.
f ( ,0]
[0, ).
x0 0 f (0) 0.
x R* f(x) 0 f x 0.
0
0

e 1
e x
lim
2.
lim

.
x
x D LH x 1

e x 1
x
1)
lim f (x) lim e x 1 lim x(
x
x
x
x
lim f (x) lim e x x 1 .

x
A1 ( ,0] , f ,
f (A1 ) [f (0), lim f (x)) [0, ).
x
A 2 [0, ) , f ,
f (A 2 ) [f (0), lim f (x)) [0, ).

x
mathematica -135
f f (R) f (A1 ) f (A 2 ) 0,
, :
1
x 1 e x
x
e
x
e x 1 f (x) (1).

ex (x 1) ex 1 x 1
1 : 0 , (1) .
x
y=<0
2 : 0 , (1)
x 0.
y==0
3 : 0 , (1) .
y=>0
x2
3.
h(x) e 1 x , x R.
2
h R
h(x) e x 1 x f (x) .
x
A to , x 0 f (x) 0.
x 0 h(x) 0 , h [0, ) ,
h [0, ). x 0
h(x) h(0) e x 1 x
mathematica -136
x2
x2
0 ex 1 x .
2
2
4.
f (x) f (x2 ) lnx (2) , x 0

x 1.
f9
0 x 1 0 x x f (x 2 ) f ( x ). 0 x 1
2
lnx 0 , x (0,1) f (x 2 ) lnx f (x).

f9
x 1 , 1 x x 2 f (x) f (x 2 ). x 1 lnx 0 ,
x 1 f (x) f (x 2 ) lnx.
(2) , x 1.

f (x) f (x2 ) lnx f (x) lnx f (x 2 ) 2lnx
f (x) lnx f (x2 ) lnx2 g(x) g(x2 )
g(x) f (x) lnx x (0, )

0 x1 x2
f
ln x
(0, )
(0, )
f (x1 ) f (x2 )
ln x1 ln x2
f (x1 ) ln x1 f (x2 ) ln x2
g(x1 ) g(x2 )
g (0, ) 1 1 .
g11
x(0, )
g(x) g(x 2 ) x x 2 x 1.
83
f ,g : R R f (x) ex g(x) x 2 x.
1.
f (x)
A(0,1) g(x).
2.
3.
( 1,0), e 2 1 0.
h(x) f(x) g(x) , :

.
h(x) 2 1 x R ( 1,0).
. h(x) 2012 .
1. f f (x) e x ,
f A
1 : y f (0) f (0)(x 0) y x 1.
g B(x0 ,g(x0 )) g(x) 2x 1.

mathematica -137
1 B g(x0 ) x0 1 g(x0 ) 1.
x02 x0 x0 1 (1) 2x0 1 1 x0 1 (1)
B( 1, 0).
2. (x) ex 2x 1.
(x) 1,0
(0) 2 0
( 1) e 1 1 0.
Bolzano [1, 0].
, (1,0) , () 0 e 2 1 0 (2).
(x) e x 2x 1
(x) e x 2 0
.
3.
) h(x) ex x2 x
R
h(x) ex 2x 1
h(x) e x 2 0.
(2) h() 0.
x - +
h(x)
+
+
h(x)
- 0
+
h(x)
0 . 9
h , h
.
h(x) h() h(x) e
e 210
h(x) 1 2 2 h(x) 2 1.
, h(x) 2 1, x R.
) lim h(x) lim e x x 2 x , lim h(x) lim ex x 2 x
lim x 2 x .
h() e
e 2 1 0
1 2 2 2 1.
() 2 1 [1,0]
[1,0]
() 2 1 0 [1,0] .
mathematica -138
[1,0]
1 0 k( 1) k() k(0) 1 2 1 1 .
h (,] limh(x), lim h(x) 2 1,

x
x
h0
2012 2 1, , h
x1 (,] ( h0 ) h(x1 ) 2012.
h (, ] limh(x), lim h(x) 2 1,

h9
2012 2 1, , h
x2 (, ) ( h9 ) h(x 2 ) 2012.
84
f f (x) 2e x 2x ex.
1.
f .
2.
N f(x) 2 .
1.
1 (2x) 1 2ex ex 1 f (x) 2e x ex 1.
g(x) 2e x ex 1, lim g(x) lim (2e x ex 1) ,
x
0 g(x) f (x)
1
1
1
1
1
, 0
0,
lim
x g(x)
f (x) g(x)
g(x) f (x)
1
0 lim f (x) f(x) 0
x
x f (x)
lim
.
h(x) 2e x ex 1, lim h(x) lim (2ex ex 1)

x
f(x) h(x) 0
lim f (x) f R
f (R) R.

f x R x R
f x 2e x 22x e.
x
f x 0 x R , e 0
1 x 2 2x 0 e 2 e 2x.
mathematica -139
f x R
.
f R lim f x , lim f x , ,
x
1
1
lim f x lim 2ex 2x ex lim x 2 ex 2x e

x
x
x
x
x
1
1
lim ex 0 lim 2x 0
x x
x x
1 2x 1
1
1

lim lim 0 .
x
x
x
x
x x x
1
1
lim f x lim 2ex 2x ex lim x 2 ex 2x e

x
x
x
x
ex
1
lim Hospital lim 2x 0

x
x x
x
1 2x 1
1
1
lim lim 0 .

x
x
x
x
x x x
2.
2 f (R) R f R x0 R
f (x0 ) 2. f
f (x) 2ex 22x e
2 22x 2 e 2 e 22x e 2 2ex 0,x R

f (x) 0,x R. xo , f x .
85
f : R R R* , :
lim
x
f x xf
x
2f f
2
lim
x
lim
f x xf
f x f f xf
lim
x
x
x
f x f f
mathematica -140
x
x
f
x
lim
f
x
x
x x
f x f
1
1
lim
f
f f
.
x
x
g(x) f x xf , g() 0
g x0
x0 x0
g(x0 ) f x0
2 x
f
f f 2f f
g() f
2
2
2
2
2
f x xf
2f f
g(x) g()0
g(x) g()
lim
lim
g()
lim
x
x a x
x
x
x
2
f x f
f
x
x
lim
f x f
g x ,x
x
limg x f f x f x g x f x x g x f
x
lim
x
x g x f xf
f x xf
lim
x
x
x
(x )g(x)
lim
x
x
lim g x
x
x f ()
lim g(x)
x
x f
x f ()
2
2
lim g x f
x
x x
mathematica -141
f
2
f
2
f
2
2f f
2
86
f : R R g : R R
ln(f(x)) g(x) x R.
1.
f R.
2.
(f (1))x (f (2))x (f (3)) x

0,
. lim
x (f (4)) x (f (2)) x (f (3)) x
(f (1))x (f (2))x (f (3)) x
.
. lim
x (f (4)) x (f (2)) x (f (3)) x
(f (1))x f (1)
lim
2g(1) f (1) 1,
x1
x1
3.
g(1) ln 2.
f(1) 2 lim g(x) ,
4.
x0 (1, ) f(x0 ) 2012.
1. ., g , f (x) 0, x R
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 :
g
lnx
x1 x 2 g(x1 ) g(x 2 ) ln(f (x1 ) ln(f (x 2 )) f (x 1 ) f ( x 2 ).

f R.
2. . f R ,
f(1) f(2) f(3) f(4).

f (1) x f (2) x
f (3)
f (3) 1
f
(3)

= lim
0,
x
x
x
x
f (2) f (3)
f (4) 1
f (4)
f
(4)

x
f (1) f (2) f (3)

lim
x
x
x
x
f (4) f (2) f (3)
x
f (3)
f (3)
0 ,
lim
1,
x f (4)
f (4)
f (2) x f (3) x
f (1) x f (2) x
1
lim

1.

1 1 xlim
x
f (3) f (3)
f (4) f (4)
mathematica -142
f (2) x f (3) x
f (1) 1

f (1) f (1)
= lim
.
x
x
x
x f (4)
f (3)
1
f (2)

f (2)
f (2)
x
f (1) f (2) f (3)

lim
x
x
x
x
f (4) f (2) f (3)
x
x
x
f (4) x
f (1)
f (3)
f (1)
lim
1 , lim
,
1
1
x f (2)
x
f (2)
f (2)
f (2)
f (2) x f (3) x
lim 1

1.
x
f
(1)
f
(1)

0

0
(f (1)) f (1)
lim (f (1))x ln(f (1)) f (1)ln(f (1))
x1
DLH x1
x1
3. 2g(1) lim
2g(1) 2ln(f (1))

f (1)1
2ln(f (1)) f (1) ln(f (1)) ln(f (1))(f (1) 2) 0 f (1) 2.

g(1) ln(f (1)) ln 2.
4. h(x) g(x) ln 2012, x R.

g(x) lnf(x) R lnx f (x) ,
h(x) R .
h(1) g(1) ln 2012 ln 2 ln 2012 ln
lim h(x) lim g(x) ln 2012 .
x
1
ln1006 0
1006
lim h(x) , 1 h() 0.

x
h [1,] h(1)h() 0 ,
Bolzano x0 (1,)
h(x0 ) 0 g(x0 ) ln2012 0 ln(f(x0 )) ln2012 f(x 0 ) 2012.
87
f f (x)

5x 5 x
2x.
ln2 5
mathematica -143
1. f x0 0.
2. N x0 0.
1.
5x 5 x
f (x)
2x, f (x) 5x 5 x 2x x 0.
ln5 ln5
h(x) 5x 5 x 2x h(0) 0 ,
1
) 2x,
5x
2 2x 2,
1
1
1
ln5 (5 x x ) 2 ln5 (5 x x ) 2x 2 ln5 (5 x x ),
5
5
5
1
1
ln5 (5 x x ) 2 h(x) 2 ln5 (5 x x ).
5
5
h(x) ln5 (5x
ln51
5
1
)2
x
2 5x 1
1
) 2 1 (5x
0.
x
5
5x
5x
5x
h , x 0
.
f (x) 0 x 0.
h(x) ln5 (5x
h9
x 0 h(x) h(0) 0 f (x) 0 f .

h9
x 0 h(x) h(0) 0 f (x) 0 f .

f x0 0.
2. x0 0
2
ln5 1
y f(0) f (0)(x 0), f (0) 0,f (0)
2 2
,
ln5
ln5
ln5 1
y2
x.
ln5
88
f : R R
f (x) 6
(6x 30)
lim
0 lim
f (5).
x 3 x 3
x5
x5
1.
f(x) x 2 (3, 5).
2.
f , f (x) 0 (3, 5).
mathematica -144
f x 6
1. x 3 g x
limg x 0.
x 3
x3
f x x 3 g x 6.
limf x lim x 3 g x 6 00 6 6.
x 3
x3
f xo 3 , f 3 6 .
lim
x5
6x 30
f 5 6x 30 u ,
x5
u
u
f 5 6lim
f 5 f 5 6 .
u0 u
u0 u
6
lim
h x f x x 2, x 3, 5 .
h x 3, 5 , f R
h 3 f 3 3 2 6 5 1 0
h 5 f 5 5 2 6 7 1 0.
Bolzano , xo 3,5
h xo 0 f xo xo 2 0 f xo xo 2.
2.
f 3,5 , f 3,5 , f(3) 6 f(5).
Rolle 3,5 f () 0.
f f 3, 5 .
f .
89
f x x3 3x ln x3 1 ,x 1,
g x x 5 x x ln 2, x R.
1. ,
, .
mathematica -145
2. Cf Cg
.
3. ,
f 1,0 g 0,1 .
1. ln(x3 1) ( 1, )
lnx x3 1 .
f ,g,h
(1, ),R,( 1, )
.
h(x) f(x) g(x) x 3 3x ln(x 3 1) x 5 x xln2
3x2
1 5 x ln5 ln2 0
3
x 1
, x 0 .
(0,f(0)) (0,g(0)) (0,1) .
x 0 h(x) 3x 2 (3x )ln3
2. f A(0, 1)
y f(0) f (0)(x 0) y ln3x 1
g A(0, 1) y g(0) g(0)(x 0) y ( 1 ln10)x 1.
3.
3x2
E f (x) 3x 3 ln3 3 0 , f (x)
x 1

2
f A lim f (x), lim f (x) A ( 1, ). lim f (x) ,

x
x1
x1
1 2
lim(x3 1) 0 lim ln(x3 1)
x1
x1
x1
3 3
3
x
lim f (x) , lim (x 3 ) lim (x 3 1) ,
lim(x 3 3x ) 1
lim ln(x3 1) f A lim f (x), lim f (x) ( , ) R.
x1
lim f (x) 0 1 0,
x1
f () 0. f(0) 1 0, olzano
f (x) [,0] 1,0 x1 ,0 1,0
f(x1 ) 0 f .
mathematica -146
g(x) g(x) (1 5 x ln5 ln2) 0, g(x)

g R lim g(x), lim g(x) .

x

lim g(x) lim x 5 x x ln 2 ,
x
lim g(x) lim x 5 x x ln 2 lim 5 x x(1 ln 2) .
g(x) g R lim g(x), lim g(x) , R.

x
4
g(x) 0,1 g(0) 1 0 g(1) ( ln2) 0
5
olzano x2 0,1 g(x2 ) 0
g.
90
1.
2.
r 0, lnr r 3 0.
1
f :(0, ) R f (x) 1 (lnx 2).

x
. f (x) .
. r (1) :
(r 1)2
i. f (x)
0 x 0,
r
ii. xo r f(xo ) f (xo ) 0.
1.
g(x) lnx x 3 , x 0.
g : [1,e]
g(1)g(e) 2(e 2) 0, Bolzano
r (1,e) 0, g(r) lnr r 3 0. g

(0, )
1
1 0 x 0 0, ,
x
r.
g(x)
2. . f (x)
1
11 1
g(x)
(lnx 2) 1 2 lnx x 3 2 .
2
x
xx x
x
mathematica -147
f (x) 0 g(x) 0 x r ( (1)

0 x r g g(x) 0 f (x) 0,
f (0,r],
x r g g(x) 0 f (x) 0 ,
f r, ,
x r f ()
r 1 (1)
1
r 1
f (r) 1 lnr 2
1 r
r
r
r
lnr r 3 0 lnr 3 r.
2
r 1
. i. x 0 : f (x) f (r) f (x)
r
r 1
f (x)
0.
ii. h(x) f (x) f (x).

h [r,e2 ]
h r f r
r 1
0.
h r h e
e2 1
0, 1 r e h e f e 4 0
e
2
Bolzano
x0 r,e 2 r, h x0 0 f x0 f x0 0.
91
f : R R :
(x 2)f (x) (x2 4)
f(x) 0 , x R
lim
2
x 2
x1 1
1.
. f(2) 5.
. x0 (1, 2),
1
1
2012
.
x 0 1 x 0 2 f (x 0 )
2. f 2 (x) f (x2 ) 2x2 , x R , :
. f(1) 2.
.
(1,f (1)).
. (1, 2), ( 3)f () f () 1.
mathematica -148
(x 2)f (x) (x 4)
1. ) g(x)
, x 2
x1 1
x 2
2
(x 2 4)
f (x)
x2

g(x)
x1 1
x2
lim
x 2
x1 1
x 11
1
1
lim
lim

x 2
x 2
x2
x1 1 2
(x 2) x 1 1
(x 2 4)
(x 2 4)
2
lim
lim
(x 2) 4, u x 4 x 2 u 0
2
x2
x2
x2
x 4
2
(x 4)
u
lim
lim
1 limf (x) f (2),
2
x 2
x 2
u 0 u
x 4
f
f (2) 4
limg(x)
2 2f (2) 8 f (2) 5.
x2
1
2
) (x 2)f(x) (x 1)f(x) 2012(x 2)(x 1) 0
(1, 2).
h(x) (x 2)f(x) (x 1)f(x) 2012(x 2)(x 1)
[1,2]
h(1) f(1) h(2) f(2) 5 f(x) 0
R.
f(2) 5 0 f (1) 0, h(1) f(1) 0
h(1)h(2) 0 Bolzano h(x) 0 (1, 2).

2. ) x 1 f 2 (1) f (1) 2 f 2 (1) f (1) 2 0
f(1) 1 f(1) 2 f(1) 2 1().

) f (x 2 ) R
f (x) x 2 . f 2 (x) f (x2 ) 2

mathematica -149
2f (x)f (x) 2xf (x2 ) 0 f (x)f (x) xf (x 2 ) 0 x 1
f (1)f (1) f (1) 0 f (1) 0, (1,f(1))

y f (1) f (1)(x 1) y 2.
) F(x) (x 3)f(x) x,x [1,2]

F(x) (x 3)f (x) f (x) 1
F(1) 2f(1) 1 3 F(2) f(2) 2 3, F(2) F(1)

Rolle (1,2), F() ( 3)f () f () 1 0,
( 3)f () f () 1.
92
1. f (x) ln(e x x) x. ,
;
2.
g(x) ln(e x x), f(x), g(x) ,
x xo 0 , y'y
3.
f (x) r1 ,r2
: . f (r1 ) ef (r1 ) r1 2 1 r1 , . er1 r2
2 r2
2 r1
1. f (x) ln(ex x) x
ex x 0. (x) ex x,x R
A(x) R
x - 0 +
(x) e x 1
- 0 +
(x) 0 . 9
(x) ex 1.
x
x 0 e 1
A(x) x 0
(0) 1, x R (x) (0) ex x 1 0.

H ln(ex x)
x -
R lnx ex x , f
R

ex 1
ex 1 ex x x 1
f (x) x
1
x
e x
ex x
e x
x-1
ex-x
f(x)
f(x)
1 +
- 0+
+ +
- 0+
0 . 9
f (1) 0. x 1 f (x) 0,
mathematica -150
f [1, ) x 1
f (x) 0, f ( ,1].
x0 1 f(1) ln(e 1) 1 0,
1 e 1 2 0 ln(e 1) ln2 1 ln(e 1) 1 ln2 1 0.

f(0) 0 0 ( ,1) ( ,1) 0
ex x
x
f (x) ln(e x) lne ln x ln 1 x

e
e
x
x
1
lim x 0 lim f(x) 0 f A [1, )
x
x
x e DLHx e
f (A) [f (1), lim f (x)) [ln(e 1) 1, 0).
lim
0 [ln(e 1) 1,0) 0.
2. g R .
O A(x0 ,f(x0 )) B(x0 ,g(x0 ))
y f(x0 ) f (x0 )(x x0 ) (1) y g(x0 ) g(x0 )(x x0 ) (2).

(1) yy x 0 y1 f(x0 ) f (x0 )x0
(2) y 2 g(x0 ) g(x0 )x0 f(x) g(x) x f(x0 ) g(x0 ) x0
f (x0 ) g(x 0 ) 1, y1 f(x0 ) f (x0 )x0
y1 g(x0 ) x0 (g(x0 ) 1)x0 g(x0 ) g(x 0 )x 0 y 2 ,

y y.
x1

ex x
ex x (x 1)(ex 1) 2ex xex 1
f (x)
(3).
(ex x)2
(ex x)2
3. f (x)
h(x) 2ex xex 1

h(x) 2ex ex xex ex xex (1 x)ex
h(1) 0 h(x) 0 x 1
h(x) 0 x 1 h
(,1] [1, ).
x0 1
h(1) 2e e 1 e 1 0
h( 2)
x - 1 +
1-x
+0 x
e
+
+
(x)
+0 (x) 9 . 0
2 2
4
1 0
e2 e2
e2
mathematica -151
h(2) 2e2 2e2 1 1 0 h( 2)h(1) 0, ..h(1)h(2) 0.

Bolzano
r1 (2,1),r2 (1,2) h(r1 ) h(r2 ) 0,
h(x) 2ex xex 1 r1 (,1]
r2 [1, )
h(x)
f (x)
h(x)
f
(e x)2
x
A(r1 ,f(r1 )), B(r2 ,f(r2 )).

. r1 (,1] r2 [1, )
r
r
r
h(x) 2ex xex 1 2e 1 r1e 1 1 0 (2 r1 )e 1 1 2 r1
(1 r1 )er1 1 er1
e
f (r1 )
ln(er1 r1 )r1
1

er1
1 r1
1
r 1
1
r1 r11
r1 f (r1 ) 2 r1
r1
1 e
e
e r1 e
.
er1 r1
r1 1 f (r1 )ef (r1 ) (r1 2)(1 r1 ).

r1
e
. (2 r1 )er1 1 (2 r2 )er2 1
(2 r1 )e r1
2 r2
1 er1 r2
.

r2
2 r1
(2 r2 )e
93
f (x) , [0,1]
: 2f (x) f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 2 x [0,1].
1. . c (0,1) f (c) f (1) f (0).
. f(0) 1 f(1) 1.
. f (x) f (x) 2
x [0,1].
. 1 f(x) 1 x [0,1].
A t (0,1) , :
2. . r1 (0,t) tf (r1 ) f(t) 1.
. r2 (t,1) (t 1)f (r2 ) f(t) 1.
. f (x) x [0,1].
mathematica -152
1. ) f [0,1] (0,1)
[0,1] , ... f [0,1] c (0,1)

f (c)
f (1) f (0)
f (1) f (0).
10
) 2f (c) f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 2

(1) , 2(f (1) f (0)) f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 2
f 2 (0) 2f (1) 1 f 2 (1) 2f (0) 1 0
(f (0) 1)2 (f (1) 1)2 0 (f (0) 1)2 (f (1) 1)2 0
(f (0) 1)2 (f (1) 1)2 0 f(0) 1,f(1) 1.

) 2f (x) f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 2 f(0) 1,f(1) 1
2f (x) 4 f (x) 2 0, f [0,1].

2f '(x) f 2 (0) f 2 (1) 2 2 f 2 (0),f 2 (1) 0 , f
[0,1] .
) f A [0,1]
f(A) [f(0), f(1)] [1, 1], 1 f(x) 1, x [0,1].

2. ) [0,t],t (0,1) ... f
r1 (0,t), f (r1 )
f (t) f (0)
tf (r1 ) f (t) 1.
t
3.
) [t,1] ... f
f (r2 )
r2 (t,1)
f (t) f (1)
(t 1)f (r2 ) f (t) 1.
t 1
) (1) f (r1 ) 2,f (r2 ) 2 (2),
f (t) 1
f (t) 1
2 f (t) 2t 1
2 f (t) 2t 1
t
t 1
t (0,1), f(t) 2t 1,t (0,1) f(0) 1,f(1) 1
f(x) 2x 1, x [0,1].
(2) ,
mathematica -153
94
f , .
f f 0 :
1.
: f f 0.
2.
f .
3.
x0 ,
f x0 f x0 .
1.
f f [,].
f [,] , (,) f() f().

Rolle (,)
f () 0.
f , f ,
f () f () f () f () 0 f () f ()f () 0.
2.
x f () f (x) f () f (x) 0 , f
(,] ( ) .
x f(x) f() f(x) 0.
x f () f (x) f () 0 f (x) , f
[,).
x f(x) f() f(x) 0.
f(x) 0, x (,), f() 0, f() 0.
3.
f(x) f (x) x (,) ,
f (x) f (x) 0 e xf (x) e xf (x) 0 (e xf (x)) 0,

g(x) e xf (x) (,).
g() g() e f () e f () 0 0 , .
xo (,) f(xo ) f (xo ).
95
f (x) ln x x 2 1 .
mathematica -154
1. f '
.
2. Cf
.
3.
4.
f (x)
.
x ln x
f (x) 2x f 3x .
lim
1.
x 2 1 x 2 x x. x x2 1 0 (1).
f , x x2 1 0 (1)
x R x2 1 0 x R.
f R.
x2 1 R
x x2 1 . x x2 1 R
. f (x) ln x x 2 1
R lnx x x2 1 .
f R R .
1
f (x)
x2 1 x
1
x2 1
0, x R.
x x2 1
x 2 1( x 2 1 x)
x2 1
x R f (x) 0 , f
R
f R ,
x
f (x) 2
(x 1)
2.
x
0 x 0 x 0
(x 1)
x
f (x) 0 2
0 x 0 x 0.
(x 1)
f (x) 0
f ( ,0] [0, ).
x 0 , f(0) 0
mathematica -155
3.
2
f (x)
ln(x x 2 1)
x
x
lim
lim x 1 lim
lim
1.
2
x ln x
x
DLH x
x
x
1
ln x
1
x 1
x 1 2
x
x
lim
4.
f(3x) 2x f(x) x 0.
f9
x0
f9
x0
x 0 3x x 0 f (3x) f (x) f (3x) 2x f (x).

x 0 0 x 3x f (x) f (3x) f (x) 2x f (3x).
x 0 .

f (x) 2x f (3x) f (x) x 3x f (3x) g(x) g(3x)
g(x) f (x) x x R
f
f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
x1 x2
0 x1 x2
f (x1 ) x1 f (x 2 ) x 2
g(x1 ) g(x2 )
g R 1 1 .
g11
g(x) g( 3x) x 3x 3x x 0 x 0.
96
1 x 1 x1
f f x ln 1 .
4 2
1. f
x'x.
2. f
.
f x
x 1 x 0.
3.
1
4ln
2
mathematica -156
1. f
x
x 1
2x
1 1
1
1
1
1 0 2 1 0 x 1 0
4 2
2
2
2
1
1 0 2x 1 x 0.
x
2
f Af , 0 0, ,
2
1 x 1 x1
1
1
f x ln 1 ln x 1 2ln x 1 , x 0.
4 2
2
2
1
1
f (x) 0 2ln x 1 0 x 1 1
2
2
1
1
1
1
x 1 1 x 1 1 x 2 x 0 x 1 .
2
2
2
2
A(1,0) xx.
2
1 x
1
2.
R
2
1 x
. ln 1
2
1 x
R lnx 1 .
2
1
1
2x x
2
x
f x 2ln x 1 2
2 2
2 x
0 ,
x
1
2
1
2
2
1
2x
f .
*
3.
1
1 2x
f x 2ln x 1 2ln
2ln 1 2x 2ln2x 2 ln 1 2x xln2
x
2
2
x 0
mathematica -157
2 ln 1 2x xln2
f x
x1
x1
4ln2
1
4ln
2
x 0 2x 1
ln 1 2 xln2 2xln2 2ln2

x
ln 1 2x xln2 2ln2
ln 1 2x ln2 x ln22 ln 1 2x ln2 x 2 1 2x
4 2x 4 2x
1 4 2x
1
4 2x
4 2x 1 0 2 2 x 1 0
97
1. h,g h(x) g(x) x x 0 ,

x0 R { }.
:
. lim g(x) lim h(x) ,
xx0
xx0
. lim h(x) lim g(x) .

xx0
xx0
2.
f : R R :
x2
x R.
f x 2012 2
x ex
. f
.
. g(x) f(x) 2011x R.
. f .
. lim f x 2 f x .
x
1. . limg(x) 0. xo h(x) g(x) 0,

x xo
1
1
1
lim
0 limh(x)
x xo
x xo h(x)
h(x) g(x)
h(x) g(x) 0.
0
. limh(x) 0. xo 0 h(x) g(x)

x xo
1
1
1
0,
lim
x xo g(x)
h(x) g(x)
mathematica -158
limg(x) 0 h(x) g(x).

x xo
x 2 ex ex
ex
2. . f (x) 2012
2011 2 x 0,
x 2 ex
x e
R .
f (x)
ex x(x 2)
f (x) 0 x 0, x 2 ,
[x2 ex ]2
x -
x
x
f (x)
f(x)
2
+
- 0 +
0 +
+
0 - 0 +
3 . 4 . 3
f (x) (,0],[2, )
[0,2] x 0, x 2.
. g(x) f (x) 2011 0 ( ()) g .
. :
g9
x 2 g(x) g(2) f (x) 2011x f (2) 4022 f (x) 2011x f (2) 4022
E1
lim f (x) lim 2011x f (2) 4022 lim f (x) .

x
g9
x 0 g(x) g(2) f (x) 2011x f (0) 0 f (x) 2011x f (0)

E1
lim f (x) lim 2011x f (0) lim f (x) .

x
f(( , )) ( , ).
.
... f [x,x 2]
f (x 2) f (x)
f (x 2) f (x).
x, x 2 , f ()
(x 2) x
f (x) 9
x x 2 f (x) f () f (x 2) f (x)
f (x 2) f (x)
f (x 2)
2
mathematica -159
ex
ex
lim f (x) lim 2011 2
2011 xlim
x
x
x 2 e x DLH
x ex DLH
e
e
ex
2011 lim
2011 lim
2011 lim x 2011 1 2012
x 2x e x DLH
x 2 e x DLH
x e
lim (x 2) lim f (x 2) .
x

f (x 2) f (x)
lim[f (x 2) f (x)] lim
2 (2012)2 4024.
x
x
(x 2) x
98
parmenides51
f : R R f (x) 0 x R ,
lim f (x) 0. :
1.
f .
2. f(x) 0 x R.
: . ( )
1. x R , f (x) 0 , f(x)
f
, .
f (x) y 1 x R.
xo f (xo ) 0.
xo
y f (x 0 ) f (x 0 )(x x o )
y f (x 0 )x x of (x 0 ) f (x 0 ).
(1) f (x) f (x0 )x xof (x0 ) f (x0 ) 2

lim f (x0 )x xof (x0 ) f (x0 ) lim (f (x0 )x) lim f (x) 0 (2)
x
. A x f (x) 0 3 .
f , f
( (3)) ( ),
f .
mathematica -160
.
f , f () f () 0,
Rolle f [,] (,), f () 0
f (x) 0 .
f (x) 0 , (3)
f .
2. x1 R f(x1 ) 0.
x x1 1 x1
f 0R
f (x) f (x
1) f ( x1 ) 0
o.
lim f (x) lim f (x1 1) lim f (x1 ) lim 0

x
f 0R
0 f (x1 1) f (x1 ) 0 0 f (x1 1) f (x1 ) 0 0 0 , .
f(x) 0 x R.
99
f : R R f x y 4xy f x f y
x, y R.
1.
f 0 1.
2.
f 0 0 , :
. f R.
x
. g : R R g x 2 f x R.
2
. f .
1. x y 0
f 0 40 f 0 f 0 1 f 0 .
2.
. x 0
f (x0 h) f (xo )
4x0h f (x 0 )f (h) f (x o )
4x0h f (h) 1
lim
lim
f (x0 )lim
h 0
h0
h 0
h
h
h
mathematica -161
x0h f (h) 1 4x0h 1

f (x 0 ) lim 4
2x 0f (x 0 )ln2.
h0
h
h
f (h) 1
f (h) f (0)
lim
f (0) 0,
lim
h0
h0
h
h0
0
0

x 0 4x0h ln 4
1
lim
lim
x 0 ln 4.
h0
h DLH h0
1
, f f (x) 2xf (x)ln2.
4
x0h
2
2
2
2
g x 2 x f x 2x2 x ln 2f x 2 x f x 2 x 2x ln 2f x f x 0,
g(x) c g 0 1 g(x) 1.
. () g(x) 1 2 x f x 1 f x 2x .
2
100
f : (0, ) R f(x) x ln lnx, 0.

1.
0, f(x) 0 x 0.
e :
x
e
2. f e x
x 0.
3.
x
e
e x , x 0.
x
x
4. , x x
x 0.
: . ( )
1. f x 0, x 0, f() 0 f x f , x 0,
f f f (
) 0, (
) Fermat : f 0 : 1 .
f x ln
f ln ln 1 ln 1 0 ln 1 e.
x
mathematica -162
2. e f x x elnx
x -
x-e
x
f (x)
-
e xe
x
x
xe
f x 0
0 x e.
x
f x 1
e
+
- 0 +
0 +
+
0 +
+
0
f(x)

f o 0,e
x 0 x e
0 x e x e 0
0 f x 0
f
x
0,e
f o e,
xe
0 f x 0
f
x
e, , f e 0
x 0
x e x e 0
x 0, f x 0 x e lnx 0
ln 9
x e lnx lne lnx e x x e , x 0, .

x
ex xe lnex lnxe xlne elnx f x 0 x e
3.
f e 0
0 xe
xe
f o 0,e
f o e ,
f x f e f x 0 f x 0, x 0,e
f x f e f x 0 f x 0, x e, .
4. (2) : ex xe : 1 , x 0, .
x x x x : 2 x 0, , x e
e e e e (3) (1) e e e e
e e e e (4).
(3) (4) e e e e e e e e 0.
e e 0 e e 0, e e 0 e e 0
E3
E3
e 0 e e e 0 e e .
101
f : R R , :
2f x f x x x R.
mathematica -163
1. f .
2. : f x f y x y , x R.
x1
x 1
f x
, x R.
2
2
4. f f 1 f .
3. :
1. f (x) R
x f (x) . 2f (x) f (x) x
R

2f (x) f(x)f (x) 1 (2 f(x))f (x) 1
2 f(x) 0 f (x) 0,x R , f
R.
2. x y .
x y x y,
f (x) f (y)
1
xy
1 .
[x,y] f
(x, y)
f (x) f (y)
1
f ()
f ()

xy
2 f ()
1
f (x) f (y)
. 1
2 f ()
xy
1
1 2 f () 1 1 f (x) 1 .
2 f ()
3. x 1 2f(x) x 1 x 1 x f(x) x 1,
1 f(x) 1, x R .
4. :
x 1
x1
lim

lim
x 2
x 2
x1
x 1
f x
, x R lim f (x)
x
2
2
mathematica -164
x1
x1
lim

x 2
x 2
x1
x 1
f x
, x R lim f (x)
x
2
2
f R
lim
f9
f (R) ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) ( , ) R

x
f f '1 1' x
f 1 (x) 2f (f 1 (x)) (f (f 1 (x))) f 1 (x) 2x x f 1 (x) .
1
x1
x1

0
x
2
2
x1
2
1
2
f (x)
0 0
0
lim
x x 1
2
f (x) x 1
1
0 f (x) 0 lim f (x)
lim
x f (x)
x
x1
x1
f (x)
lim f (x)
lim
x 2
x
2
f R
f (R) ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) ( , ) R f 1
lim
f '1 1' x
f 1 (x) 2f (f 1 (x)) (f (f 1 (x))) f 1 (x) 2x x f 1 (x) .
102
f : 0, R , :
xe f 2 x 2 x 0, .
f x
1. f x f x x 0, .
2. f .
3. f .
4. f 1 .
1. xe f 2 x 2 xe e
f x
x f 2 x e
f x
2e
f x
f x
f x
f 2 x e
f x
2e
f x
. ef (x) (0, )
e x f (x) .
mathematica -165
x f 2 (x)e f (x) 2e f (x) (0, )
1 2f x f x e
e
f x
f 2 x e
f x
f x
f x 2e
f x
f x
e
2f x f x f x f x 2f x f x 2
,
f x 2f x 2
f x
x 0, .
( f 2 x 2f x 2
f 2 x 2f x 2 0 f (x) R x 0, .
e
0 x 0, .
2. (E1) f x 2
f x 2f x 2
f x
f 0,
0, .
3.
0,
f x
e

f 2 x 2f x 2
f x
e f
f x
f x
x 2f x 2 ef x f 2 x 2f x 2
f x 2f x 2
e f x f x 2f x 2 e 2f x f x 2f x
f x 2f x 2
f x 2
f x 2f x 2 2f x 2
e f x
e f x
f x 2f x 2
f x 2f x 2
f x
f x
f x
f x
x 0, , x
6
.
e2
f x
x0 (0, ) f (x0 ) 2 xe f 2 x 2
x o e 2 22 2 x o
6
.
e2
. f '1 1' .
.(
f ).
mathematica -166

f x
f x
x f 2 x e 2e x 0, .
T(x) x 2e x 2e x R

T(x) x 2e x 2e x 2xe x x 2e x 2e x
e x x 2 2x 2 e x x 2 2x 1 1 e x
x 1
1 0.
T 1 1,
T 1 .
x f 2 x e
f x
2e
f x
x 0,
x T f x T1 x f x x 0, .
f ( f ) f T 1 ,
T 1 T R .
f(f ) R.
f 1 f 1 R
f x
f x
f ( f 1 ) 0, x f 1 (x) x f 2 x e 2e
f (x)e
f (f 1 (x))
x2 2
(f (f (x))) 2 f (x)e x 2 f (x) x , x R.
e
1
103
1.
ex x lnx x 0, .
2. x t, t 0,

f x e x g x ln x A, B .
. AB t 0,
AB d t .
. d t 0

0,1 .
. d t 0 0,1 .
mathematica -167
1.
h(x) e x x,x R h(x) e x 1 .
h
h x o 0
x -
h(x) ex 1
0 +
- 0 +
h(x)
h(0) 0 x R ,
h(x) h(0) e x x 0 e x x.
x 0, , x lnx e x x
elnx lnx x lnx ex x lnx x 0, .
2. . A t, f (t) A t, e t B t, g(t) B t, ln t .
A d(t) AB
x x y y
2
(t t)2 ( et ln t)2 e t lnt 0
(1).
. d(t) e t lnt 0 (0, )
1
1
, d(t) e t , d(t) e t 2 0
t
t
d(t) (0, ) ..
d'(t) (0,1]
d(1) e 1 0,
(t) 0, 0 0 : d() 0
limd
t 0
olzano, t 0 ,1 0,1 : d(t 0 ) 0

d(t) t 0 .
1
. d(t) e t ,
t

t 0 ,1 0,1
(2).
d 9
x 0
1
0
t2
1
d(t) e t ,
t
d(t) e t
d(t)
x t 0 d(x) d(t 0 ) 0,
d 9
x t 0 d(x) d(t 0 ) 0.
d t 0 0,1 .
mathematica -168
t0
+
104
1
f f x ln 1 e x x.
3
1. .
2. lim f x lim f x .
x
3. .
4. Cf .
: Annales corriges 2010 - Mathmatiques - Bac, Vuibert
1. f .
1 e x 0 x R. f R.
1 e x R
. ln(1 e x ) R
ln x 1 e x . f R
e x
1 3e x 1 e x 2e x 1
f (x)

, x R.
1 ex 3
1 ex
1 ex
:
2e x 1
1
1
x
x
2e
ln
x ln 2,
1 ex
2
2
1e x 0
2e x 1
1
1
f (x) 0
0 2e x 1 0 e x x ln x ln 2.
x
1e
2
2

x -
ln2
+
f
- 0 +
2e x 1
( , ln 2]
x
+
+
1
e
[ln 2, ) ].
f (x)
- 0 +
x0 ln 2
f (x) 0
h(x)
f (ln 2) ln(1 e ln2 )
2.
ln 2
3 ln 2
ln 2
2ln 2
ln
ln 3 ln 2
ln 3
.
3
2
3
3
3
ex 1 x
x
x
x
lim f (x) lim ln(1 e ) lim ln x lim ln(e x 1) x
x
x
3 x e 3 x
3
mathematica -169
2x
lim ln(e x 1) .
x
3
3e x
x
3ln(e x 1)
3e x
3e x
3
lim e 1 lim x
lim
.
lim
x
DLH x
x 2e 2
x
1
2x
2
2e x (1 x ) 2
e
ex 1 x
x
x
x
lim f (x) lim ln(1 e ) lim ln x lim ln(e x 1) x
x
x
3 x e 3 x
3
2x 3ln(e x 1)
2x
3
x
lim ln(e 1) lim
1 ( ) 1 .
x
3 x 3
2x
3. f R , .
lim f (x) lim f (x) , f .
x
2x
x
ex
2
ln(e
1)
x
f (x)
2 1
3
lim
lim
lim e 1 3 1
x x
x
DLH x
x
1
3 3
1
2x 1
lim f (x) x lim ln(e x 1)

x lim ln(e x 1) x
x
x
3
3 3 x
ex 1
lim ln(e x 1) ln e x lim ln x 0.
x
x
e
1
y x .
3
2x
x
ex
2
ln(e
1)
x
f (x)
2
2
3
lim
lim e 1 3 0
lim
x x
x
DLH x
x
1
3
3
2
2x 2x
lim ln(e x 1) 0.
lim f (x) x lim ln(e x 1)
x
3 x
3
3 x
2
y x .
3
4.
x 0 :
mathematica -170
1
2x 1
f (x) x ln(e x 1)
x
3
3 3
ln(e x 1) x 0 ln(e x 1) ln e x 0
ex 1
ex 1
ln x ln1 x 1
e
e
x 0.
x 0
2
f (x) x
3
2x
2
ln(e x 1)
x
3
3
ln(e x 1) 0
x 0.
f
.
1
f x ln 1 e x x
3
x
y
105
1
x
3
2
y x
3
ln x
, x 0.
x
f .
.
R,
f (x)
1.
2.
3.
x e x , x 0.
(0, ).
2
5.
(0, ),
Cf M(,f ()) y y 2010.
4.
(x)x x
6.
ln2 (x 1) ln 2 x
f (x).
x e f (x 1)
2
7.
lim ln2 (x 1) ln2 x .

x
: . ( ) . ( )
mathematica -171
1.
f x
f 0,
1 ln x
1 ln x
0 x e
. f x 0
2
x
x2
f x 0 0 x e ,
f x 0 x e. f
(0, e]
[e, )
1
x e f e .
e
2.
x -
0
e +
1-ln x
+
+ 0 2
x
+ 0 +
+
f (x)
+
+ 0 9 . 0
f(x)
f (0, e]
1
ln x
1
f (0, e] ( lim f x , f e ] ( , ] lim f x lim

lim ln x .
x0
x0
x0
x0
e
x
x
f [e, )
ln x
1
1
lim 0 ,
f [e, ) lim f x ,f e 0, lim f x lim
x
x x
x x
x
e
DeLHospital.
1 1
1
f Df f (0,e] f [e, ) , 0, , .
e e
e
3.
x ekx , x 0 f x k.
x 0 , x ekx ln x lnekx ln x kx
lnx
k f (x) k :
x
y
f (x)
ln x
, x 0.
x
k 0 ,
y k0
1
0 k ,
e
mathematica -172
y k, 0 k
1
e
lnx
f(x) ,x 0.
x
1
k ,
e
yk
1
e
x
f (x)
ln x
, x 0.
x
y k, k
4.
1
.
e
1
e
x
f (x)
ln x
, x 0.
x
x x x ln x x ln x
ln x ln x
f x f x .
x

x 0, , f , 1 1.
2
f x f x x x, x .
4
5.
Cf M , f
y f f x y
ln 1 ln
x .
0, 2010 :
ln 1 ln
ln
1 ln
2010 ln 1 ln
0 2010
2
2ln 2010 1 0.
2010
h x 2ln x 2010x 1, x 0.
2
2010 0
x
x 0. h x 0,
h x h x
h 0, lim h x , lim h x , .
x0
mathematica -173
0 h 0, , 0 ,
, h 0 2ln 2010 1 0 .
6.
f x 1
2f x 1 ln2 x 1 ln2 x 2f x
2f x 1
ln2 x 1 ln 2 x
x 1 x
ln2 x 1 ln 2 x
2
f x
2f x .
s x ln2 x, x e
ln x
2f x . ... s x x, x 1 ,
x
r x, x 1 ,
s x 2
s r
s x 1 s x
ln 2 x 1 ln 2 x
2f r .
x 1 x
x 1 x
:
2f x 1 2f r 2f x f x 1 f r f x ,
e x r x 1 f x f r f x 1 f x e.
7. 2f x 1 ln2 x 1 ln2 x 2f x
ln x 1
ln x
lim f x 1 lim
0
x
x x
x
x
x 1

lim ln2 x 1 ln2 x 0 .
lim f x lim
106
f f : R R
f(x 1) f(3 x) f (x) 0.
1.
f (x) 0.
2.
f 0, 3 f(0) f(1) ,
f
0, 3 .
: . ( )
mathematica -174
1.
f
f (x 1) f (3 x) f (x 1) f (3 x) 0 x 1
2f (2) 0 f (2) 0, f (x) 0 x 2.
f (x) 0 f 1 1,
x1 x 2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) Rolle
f (x) 0 x1 , x 2 .
f (x) 0 x 2.
2.
f
[0,3], f (x) 0 f (x) 0 x [0,3].
f (x) 0, f [0,3]
f (2) 0 x 2 f (x) f (2) 0. f
[0,2], f (0) f (1), f (x) 0 x [0,3].
f [0,3], x 2
f (x) f (2) 0 f [0,2] x 2
f (x) f (2) 0 f [2,3].
f x1 2 f (2)
x 2 0,x 3 3 f(1) f(3) f(0) f(1) f (0)
[0,3].
107
f x ln x
, R. f x 0 x 0,
x
:
1.
R.
:
2.
f .
3.
f .
4.
lim f x lim f x .
5.
f f x 0.
6.
ln 22 2
x0
1
1
2
ln
.
2 6
22 2
mathematica -175
: . . ( )
1. f(x) 0 f (1) 0 f(x) f(1), x (0, )

1 (0, ) f
(0, )
f (x)
Fermat
x x2
f (1) 0 1 0 1.
2. 1
1 1 x 1
f (x) 2 2
x x
x
f :
(0,1]
[1, ),
x -
0
1 +
x 1
- 0 +
2
x
+ 0 +
+
f (x)
- 0 +
f(x)
0 . 9
x 0 1
f (1) 0.
3.
1 2 2x
3 ,
x2 x3
x
f :
(0,2]
[2, )
(2, f (2)) f .
f (x)
x -
0
2 +
2x
+
+ 0 3
x
- 0 +
+
f (x)
+ 0 f(x)
3 . 4
lim
4. lim(lnx)
,
x0
x 0 x
x ln x 1
1
f (x)
x
lnx
1
lim(x
lnx) lim
lim x 0 lim (x ln x 1) ,
x0
x 0
x 0
1 DLH x 0 1
x
2
x
x
1
limf
(x) lim f (x) lim (ln x 1) .
x
x
x0
x
mathematica -176
5. f 1 (0, 1]
[1, ) f (1 ) [f (1), lim f (x)) [0, )
x 0
f (2 ) [f (1), lim f (x)) [0, ) (E2) (E4)

x
f (1 ) f ( 2 ) 0, .
6. H :
f (22 2) 1 f (2 6) 1 f (22 2) f (2 6)
22 2 1, 2 6 1, R f [1, )
22 2 2 6 2 4 2, 2.
108
f : 1, 2 R , f x 0
x R.
z
1 if 1
2 if 2
1.
:
1.
f 1 2 f 2 1.
2.
f x x 1, 2 .
3.
f x f x x 1, 2 .
: . ( )
1. z , ,
1 if (1)
1 if (1)
z z
2 if ( 2)
2 if (2)
2 f (2)i 2f (1)i f (1)f (2) 2 f (2)i 2f (1)i f (1)f (2)

f (1)f (2) 2.. 1
f (x) 0 , x [1, 2] , f 1, 2 .
f (1) f (2).
(1) f(1),f(2) , f(1) 0 f(2) (2).
z 1 ... f 2 (1) 3 f 2 (2) (3) .
(1), (2) (3) f(1) 2 f (2) 1.
mathematica -177
2.
g(x) x f(x) , x [1, 2].
g 1, 2 .
g(1)g(2) 3 0.
Bolzano 1, 2
g() 0 f() 0 f() .
g(x) 1 f (x) 0 g 1 1 .
.
3.
h(x) x 2 f 2 (x) x [1, 2].
h 1, 2
h(x) 2 x f (x)f (x) .
h(1) 5 h(2).
. Rolle 1, 2
h() 0 f()f () 0 f()f () .
109
f : 0, R
x 1 f x ln x x
2
x 0.
1. f (1).
2. Cf .
3. , R , g
f (x), 0 x 1
g(x)
, x 0
Rolle [0,1].
: . ( )
1.
lnx (x)
.
x 1 x 1
x 1 f x 1,
lnx (x)
f (1) limf (x) lim
1 ( ) ,
x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1 f (x)
mathematica -178
1
lnx
lim
lim x 1
lim
x 1 x 1 DLH x 1
x 1 x1 1
0
0

lnx
0
0

(x)
(x)
(x)
lim
lim
lim
.
x 1 x 1 DLH x 1
x 1
1
x 1
lnx (x)
,x 1
f (x) x 1 x 1
, ..........x 1
2.
(0, )
(x)

0 , limf (x) lim ln x
2
x 0
x0
x 1
(x)
(x)
lim(x 1)2 1 lim ln x

x lim x ln x
0
x0
x0
x0
x
x
(x)
lnx
1 limf (x) 0,
lim( x) 0 lim
x 0
x0
x 0
x 0 1 DLH x 0
x
x
f x 0.
lim(x lnx) lim
(x)
.
lim f (x) lim ln x
2
x
x
1
ln x
lim x 0
lim
x x 1
x 1
1
(x)
1
1
(x)
1
0,
lim
x x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
ln x (x)
lim f (x) lim
0
x
x x 1 x 1
(x)
0 lim f (x) 0
lim
x x 1
x
, xx .
3.
. Rolle g
0,1
g 0,1 , (0,1)
g(0) g(1)
mathematica -179
limf (x) 0, g x 0 lim( f (x))

x 0
x 0
(1) limf (x)

x 1
limg(x) lim( f (x)) x 1

x 1
x 1
g(1) , g(0) g(1) (2)

(1), ,
Rolle.
110
f,g : (0, ) R f
: | f (x)g(x) x 2 | xlnx x 1.
1.
1 , 2
, 1 , 2 .
2.
1
f (x 5h) f (x 3h) x 2 1 lnx
f (1) ,
2
h0
2
(4h)
x
f (x).
3.
g(x) A(1, 2) ,
;
lim
1.
f (x)g(x) x 2 x ln x x ln x f (x)g(x) x 2 x ln x
x lnx x 2 f (x)g(x) x lnx x 2 x 0 x 2

ln x
f (x) g(x) ln x
1 (1) .
x
x x
x
1 , 2
f (x)
g(x)
ln x
1
lim
1 , lim
2 lim
lim 0
x x
x x
x x DLHx x
(1) 1 1 2 1 1 2 1,
.
2.
f (x 5h) f (x 3h)
f ( x 5h) f (x) f (x) f (x 3h)
lim
h0
h0
(4h)
(4h)
lim
mathematica -180
f (x 5h) f (x)
f (x 3h) f (x)
5
3 5f (x) 3f (x)
2f (x),
5h
3h
lim
h 0
(4h)
4
4
4h
f (x 5h) f (x) t 5h
f (x t) f (x)
lim
f (x)
h0
h0 t 0 t 0
5h
t
lim
f (x 3h) f (x) t 3h
f (x t) f (x)
f (x t) f (x)
lim
lim
f (x)
lim
h0
t 0
h0 t 0 t 0
3h
t
t
1 ln x
f (x 5h) f (x 3h) x 2 1 lnx
2f
(x)
lim
h0
x2
(4h)
x2
ln x
ln x
2f
(x)
c.
(2f (x)) x
,x
x
x
f (1)
1
2f(1) 1 c 1 1 c c 0
2
1
ln x
f (x) x
,x 0.
2
2x
1
ln x
ln x
0, ( (1))
f (x) x
lim
x 2x
2
2x
1
lim (f (x) x) 0
x
2
3.
1
2
f y x, 1
1
(1)
2
2 2 g y 2x
A(1,2) 2 2 4. y 2x 4.
111
f : 1, e 1, 4 , 1, 4 ,
f 1 2 f e e 1. :
1. . x1 , x 2 1, e x1 x 2 , f x1 f x 2 0.
. 1, e f 0.
. x o 1, e
f xo f xo 3f 2 xo xo .
mathematica -181
2. . e : x y e 2 Cf
co 1, e .
. 1 , 2 1, e 1 2 1, e , f 1 f 2 1.
: . . ( )
1. . f [1, e] ,
x1 , x 2 [1,e] f (x1 ) 1 f (x2 ) 4 ,
1 4 .
f (1) 2 , f (e) e 1 f(x1 ) f(1) f(e) f(x 2 ) , x1 , x 2
[1, e] .
x1 , x 2 (1,e). f ,
[1,e] Fermat
f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) 0.
f (x1 ) 1, f (x 2 ) 4.
. x1 x 2 (1,e), f [x1 , x 2 ], f (x1 , x 2 )
[1,e] f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) 0.
Rolle (x1 , x 2 ) (1,e),
f () 0. x 2 x1 (1,e).
. h(x) f (x)(f (x) 3f 2 (x)) x, x [x1 , x 2 ].

h [x1 , x 2 ]
h(x1 ) f (x1 )(f (x1 ) 3f 2 (x1 )) x1 1(0 3( 1) 2 ) x1 3 x1 0,
1 x1 e
h(x 2 ) f (x 2 )(f (x 2 ) 3f 2 (x 2 )) x 2 4(0 34 2 ) x 2 34 3 x 2 0,
1 x 2 e.
Bolzano x0 (x1 , x 2 ) (1,e)
h(x0 ) 0 f (x0 )(f (x 0 ) 3f 2 (x 0 )) x 0 .
2. . g(x) f(x) x e 2, x [1,e].
g [1,e],
g(1) f(1) 1 e 2 2 e 1 1 e 0,
g(e) f(e) e e 2 e 1 2 e 1 0.
mathematica -182
Bolzano c0 (1, e)
g(c0 ) 0.
x y e 2 f
c0 (1,e).
. f [1,c0 ], f (1, c0 ).
MT 1 (1, c0 )
f (1 )
f (c0 ) f (1) c 0 e 2 2 (c 0 e)
.
c0 1
c0 1
c0 1
f [c0 , e] , f (c0 ,e).

MT 2 (c0 ,e)
f ( 2 )
f (1 )f ( 2 )
f (e) f (c 0 ) e 1 ( c 0 e 2) c 0 1
.
e c0
e c0
e c0
(c 0 e) c 0 1 e c 0 c 0 1
1.
c0 1 e c0 c0 1 e c0
112
f [2, 2] ,
( 2, 2) , f(0) 3
f (x)f (x) f (x) x x [2, 2].
z z i 2.
:
1. H f .
2. f 2 (x) 2f (x) x 2 3 0.
3. H g(x) f(x) 1 ( 2, 2).
4. H f .
5. f (x) 1 4 x 2 , x [ 2, 2].
6. f
z z
z , xx.
: 23 xgastone
1. f x 0 f (x0 ) 0
f (x)f '(x) f '(x) x
( 2,2)
mathematica -183
f (x)f (x) f (x)f (x) f (x) 1 x x0

(f (x0 ))2 f (x0 ) 1 (f (x 0 )) 2 f (x 0 ) 1 0,
x 2 x 1 0,x R , .
2. f (x)f (x) f (x) 1 2f (x)f (x) 2f (x) 2
(f 2 (x)) (2f (x) x 2 ),x [2,2],
f 2 (x) 2f (x) x 2 c x 0 f 2 (0) 2f (0) c c 3,

f 2 (x) 2f (x) x 2 3 f 2 (x) 2f (x) x 2 3 0.
x0 ( 2,2) g(x0 ) 0 f (x0 ) 1 (2)
f 2 (x0 ) 2f (x 0 ) x 02 3 0 x 02 4 , g(x) 0,x ( 2,2)
[2,2] .
3. ( 2,2) g(0) f(0) 1 2 0
g(x) 0,x ( 2,2) f(x) 1,x ( 2,2).
4. f (x)f (x) f (x)f (x) f (x) 1
f (x)f (x) (f (x)) 2 f (x) 1 (3) f (x) 1 0
(f (x))2 f (x) 1 0, x R f (x)f (x) 0,
f (x) 0,x ( 2,2) f .
5. (2) f 2 (x) 2f (x) 1 4 x 2 (f (x) 1) 2 4 x 2
4 x 2 0, x [2,2] f (x) 1 4 x 2 (3)

f(x) 1,x ( 2,2)
f (x) 1 4 x 2 f (x) 1 4 x 2 , x [2,2].
6.
z i 2 z K(0,1)
=2, x 2 (y 1)2 4 (y 1)2 4 x 2 , x [2,2],

y 1 4 x 2 f
xx z
y y (0,2) f(0) 2
3f (0) f (0) f (0) 0 (0,2)
xx.
113
f , , ,
f() f() 0 f , .
mathematica -184
1. f(x) 0 x (,).
2. . x0 (,) f
x 0 .
4f (x 0 )
.
. x1 , x 2 (,), f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
3. f
, ,
(x1 , x 2 )
. f () 0,
2
. f (x) f ()
.
2
: (2002)
1. f [,] (,)
f () f () , .Rolle (,) f () 0.
x f
f (x) f () f (x) 0 ,
f [, ].
x f(x) f() f(x) 0.
f (x)
+ 0 f(x)
x f (x) f () f (x) 0 , f . [,].

x f(x) f() f(x) 0. f(x) 0 x (,).
2. . (1) f x o f (x o ).
. f [, x 0 ] , (, x0 ),
f (x 0 )
x1 (,x 0 ) f (x1 )
(1).
x0
x 2 (x 0 , ),
f (x 2 )
f (x 0 )
(2).
x0
(1), (2)
f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
1
f (x 0 ) f (x 0 )
1
1
f (x 0 )
.
4f (x 0 )
x0 x0
x
0
0
mathematica -185
x0 x0
1
1
4
4
x0 x0
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
4 x 0 x 0 2 2 2 4x 0 4x 02 4 x 0
2
2 2 2 4x 0 4x 02 4x 0 4x 02 0
2
x 0 0.
2
3. . f(x) 0 , f(x0 ) 0, x o
(1) f f (x o ) .
f [,x 0 ] , (,x 0 )
f (1 )
f (x 0 )
0.
x0
2 (x 0 ,),
f ( 2 )
1 (,x 0 ),
f (x 0 )
0.
x0
f 2 , f [1 , 2 ],
(1 , 2 ) ,
(1 , 2 ),
f ()
f ( 2 ) f (1 )
0.
2 1
. ()
f (1 ) f ( 2 )
f ()
1 2
2
4f (x o )
f ()( 1 2 ) f ( 1 ) f ( 2 )
f ()( 1 2 )
4f (x o ) 1 4f (x)
4f (x)
f ()(1 2 ) f ()( 2 1 ) f ()( )
f (x) f ()
.
2
114
1. x 2 ln2x x 0.
2
2. e x 2x x .
2
3. x e x 1.
mathematica -186
4. f : R R f (x) e f (x) x
x R. f
Cf x 1.
: . , ( )
2
1.
g(x) x 2 ln2x, x 0

1 2x2 1
,
g'(x) 2x
x
x

x -
2 x 2-1
x
g(x)
+0 - 0 +
- 0 +
+
- 0 + 0 - 0 +
0 . 9
g(x)
2
g(x) 0 x
, x 0
2
f f
2

2
2
1
2 2
2 1
1 1
1
1
g
ln 2
ln2 2 ln2 1 ln2 ln e ln2 0,
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
x 0
2 1
g(x) g
ln e ln2 0 g(x) 0 x 2 ln2x.
2 2
2.
x 0, x 2 ln2x ex eln2x ex 2x.
x 0, 1 0 .
2
x 0 x 0 e( x) 2( x) e x 2x 2x, .
2
3. (x) x e x , x R e x
2
R e x x 2 . (x)
R
x2
2
e
2x
(x) 1 2xe x
0 ( 2) (x)
2
ex
R 1 1.
11
x
x e 1 (x) 1 (x) (0) x 0.
2
mathematica -187
4. f (x) e f (x) x f (x) x . x1 , x2 R x1 x2

(f(x1 )) (f(x2 )
(3) f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f
. (f (1)) 1 (f (1)) (0)
'1 1' f(1) 0.
2
115
f : R R :
f (x) ef (x) x 1 x R.
1.
2.
3.
ex (x 1) x R.
x
f (x)
x R lim f (x ) .
x
2
x
f (x) ln 1 x 0
2
lim f (x ) .
4.
f (x)
.
5.
.
f (x) f 1 (x).
6.
1.
g(x) e x x 1, Ag R.
g(x) 0 e x 1 0 x 0,
g
( ,0], [0, )
g(0) 0.
x - 0 +
g(x)=ex-1
- 0 +
g(x)
g(x) g(0) e x x 1.
2.
(1) x f (x)
x
ef (x) f (x) 1 e f (x) f (x) 2f (x) 1 x 1 2f (x) 1 f (x) .
2
x 0, f (x) 0.
f (x)
mathematica -188
x
1
2
.
0
2
f (x) x
2
0,
x x
lim 0 0 lim
x
1
0 lim f (x) , f (x) 0.
x f (x)
x
lim
x
x
f (x) ln(1 ) ef (x) 1 1 f (x) , (2)
2
2
f (x)
e 1 f (x) (1)
3.
f (x) ln 1
ln 1
x
x
x
f (x)
,x 0 e e 2 x 1 f (x) 1 f (x)
2
2
2
(2).
x
lim ln(1 ) ,
x
2
x
ln(1 )0
2
x
1
1
f (x) ln(1 ) 0
2 f (x )0
f (x) ln(1 x )
2
1
0 lim f (x)
lim
x f (x)
x
f (x) 0, x 0.
4.
ef (x) R
e x f (x) . f x e x 1
f x
1
1 ef (x) (1).
0, f
f (x) f (x)e f (x) 1 f (x)(1 e f (x) ) 1 f (x)

(1) f (x) 0 1 ef (x)
R.
mathematica -189
2 (1) R
( e f (x)
R.
f (x)e f (x)
f f (x)
0.
(1 e f (x) ) 2
f R.
(2) (3) f R,
f(R) R.
5.
f 1 1 ,
Af 1 f (R) R.
f (x) y x f 1 (y)
e y y x 1 f 1 (x) e x x 1, x R.
116
f R, :
f( 1) 1,f() f ( 1) 1 , R.
1. f 1o
3o , .
2. f (x) 1 f (x) x,
( 1, 1).
3. f R
( 1, 1), f () 0.
: 12 xgastone
1. f R R .
[ 1,],[, 1] , Bolzano g(x) f(x) x,

[ 1,],[, 1]
g() f( 1) ( 1) 0,g() f() 0,g( 1) f( 1) ( 1) 0.

Bolzano 1 ,2
[ 1,],[, 1], g(1 ) 0 f(1 ) 1 , g(2 ) 0 f (2 ) 2 .
mathematica -190
2. h(x) (f (x) x)e x [1 ,2 ]

h(x) (f (x) 1)e x (f (x) x)e x h(1 ) h(2 ) 0 (1)
Rolle t (1 ,2 )
h(t) 0 (f (t) 1)e t (f(t) t)e t f (t) 1 f(t) t.
3. ... [ 1,],[, 1] f
f () f ( 1)
1 1, , ..f '( 1 )
f () f ( 1),
( 1)
:
f ( 1) f ()
2 , 1 , ..f ( 2 ) f '( 2 )
f ( 1) f (),
1
... [1 , 2 ] f :
f '( 2 ) f '(1 ) f ( 1) 2f () f ( 1)
f ()
0
2 1
2 1
(1 , 2 )
f ( 1) 1

2f () 2
f ( 1) 1
f ( 1) 2f () f ( 1) 0
117
f : 0, R f 1 0
xf x 2f x x x 0, .
1. h x
x 0, .
f x
x2
2. f.
3. g(x) R
(1, 0) , g(x) f (x) x R. .
g(x)
lim 2 .
x1 ln x
: . ( )
1.
H h (0, )

mathematica -191
f (x)x 2 2xf (x) f (x)x 2f (x) x

1
0, x (0, ).
x4
x3
x3 x2
h(x) 0, x (0, ), h
h(x)
(0, ).
2.
x 0
x 2f (x) 2xf (x) 1

xf (x) 2f (x) x x f (x) 2xf (x) x
2
x4
x
2
x 0
f (x)
1
f (x) 1
2 2 c.
x
x
x x
x 1 0 1 c c 1.
f (x)
1
1 f (x) x 2 x, x 0.
2
x
x
2
f (x) x x, x 0 , xf (x) 2f (x) x.
0
0

g(x)
g(x)
xf (x)
lim
lim
=
2
x1 ln x DLH x1 2ln x
x1 2ln x
x
3.
lim
0
2 0
x(x x)
x x
3x2 2x 3 2 1
lim
lim
lim
.
x 1
x 1 2lnx DLH x1
2
2lnx
2
2
x

118
2
f : (0, ) R f (1) 1
2f (x)
x 0.
x
1.
f (x) x 2 x 0.
2.
M Cf A M
xx. A O(0,0),
2o
. t 0 M 3,
sec
:
. AM OM,
f (x)
. MOA,
. OB , B Cf
mathematica -192
M xx.
: . ( )
1.
x 0 :
x 2f (x) x 2 f (x)
2f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
xf (x) 2f (x) 0
0 2 0 2 c
2
x
x
x
x2
f (x) cx 2 , c R.
f(1) 1 c 1.
x 0 : f (x) x 2 .
2.
x
t, x x(t)
x t 2 /sec .

, . y(t) x 2 (t).
y t 0 2x t 0 x t 0 232 12
/sec.
)
d t x t y
2
d t
1 2x 2 t
1 x2 t
x t 0
x t x t x t 1 x2 t .
2
x t d t 0
19 10
/sec.
5
) t MOA.
: t
y t
x t
x t
t
2
x t t 1 2 t x t
t 1 x 2 t x t t 0 1 x 2 t 0 2 t 0
1
rad/sec .
5
) Cf , f :
mathematica -193

y f f x y 2x 2 x'x , 0 .
2
1
x t ,
2
1
x t o 1 /sec.
2
119
P(x) x3 x2 x ,, , R, 0
1 ,2 ,3 :
1.
2.
3.
2 3.
.
x1 ,x 2 , : P(x1 ) P(x 2 ) 0.
4.

x1 ,x 2 .
5.
.
P(x)
6.
f (x) 2

x x
y 2x 25 x 1, x 13
P(x) 2x 3 x 2 12x 13.
1.
P(x) x3 x 2 x , ,, , R, 0, x R.
P R
P(x) 3x 2 2x , x R.
P R P(x) 6x 2, x R
, ( )
1 2 3
P(1 ) P(2 ) P(3 ) 0 Rolle
[1 ,2 ] [2 ,3 ] x1 1 ,2 x 2 2 ,3
P(x1 ) P(x 2 ) 0 .
P , ,
0 (2)2 43 0 42 12 2 3.
mathematica -194
2. , x1 1 ,2
x 2 2 ,3
x1 , x2 P(x).
3. Vietta P' x 3x2 2x S x1 x 2
P(x1 ) P(x2 ) 6x1 2 6x2 2 6(x1 x2 ) 4
2
3
2
6 4 4 4 0
3
4. P(x1 ) 0 P(x1 ) P(x 2 ) 0 P(x 2 ) 0 ,
P(x) 0 , , P
.
5. P(x1 ) P(x 2 ) 0 , Rolle
P [x1 , x 2 ] x0 (x1 , x 2 )
P(x0 ) 0 .
P(x) 0 ,
P(x) 0 6x 2 0 x

3
P
x0
3
P(x)
x3 x2 x
6. f (x) 2
x x
x2 x
x 1 x 13 f , x 1
x 13 x2 x .
Vietta 12 13
y 2x 25 f ,
f (x)
lim
2 lim (f (x) 2x) 25
x x
x
f (x)
x3 x2 x
x 3
2 lim
lim
lim 3
x x
x
x x
x3 x2 x
2x 3 x 2 12x 13
2x)
25 lim (f (x) 2x) lim (
x
x
x 2 12x 13
mathematica -195
2x 3 x 2 12x 13 2x 3 24x 2 26x

lim
x
x 2 12x 13
( 24)x 2 14x 13
( 24)x 2
lim
xlim
24
x
x2 12x 13
x2
1 . P(x) 2x 3 x 2 12x 13
120
f(x) : (0, )
1
x
: x f (x) e x 0 f (1) e, f (1) 0.

3
1
x
1. g(x) xf (x) f (x) e
(0, ).
1
x
2. f (x) xe x 0.
3. f (x).
4. :
. f (x) A(2,f(2))
1
y ( e )x ( e ).
2
1
x
. 2xe (x 2)( e ) x 0.
1.
1
x
g(x) xf (x) f (x) e , x 0.
g (0, )
1
1
x
1
1
g(x) f (x) xf (x) f (x) 2 e xf (x) 2 e
x
x
g(x) 0 g(x) c.
2.
1 x 3f (x )e x
x
1
x
xe
1 x1
e 0.
x3 x2
x 1 g(1) c f (1) f (1) e c c 0.

1
xf (x) f (x) e x
xf (x) f (x) e 0 xf (x) f (x) e
2
x2
x
1
x
1
1
f (x)
f (x) x
x
x e x e c1 .
mathematica -196
1 x 0
x

1
1
f (x)
x
x
e f (x) xe , x 0,
x 1 f(1) e c1 c1 0 ,
x
.
3.
f (x) 0
1
x
f (x) e
1
x
e
1 (x 1)e
e (1 )
x
x
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
(x 1)e
0x 1
x
1
x
x 0
(x 1)e
0 x 1.
x
f (0,1] [1, ).
f (x) 0
x 1 f (1) e.
A1 (0,1], A 2 (1, ).
f (0, ) .
f (A1 ) [f (1), lim f (x)) [e, ) f (A 2 ) (limf (x), lim f (x)) (e, ),
x1
x0
f f (A1 ) f (A 2 ) e, .
1
x
. f (x) xe f (x)
1
x
(x 1)e
.
x
1
2
1
2
e
e
.
2
2
M(2,f(2))
f (2) 2e 2 e f (2)
y f (2) f (2)(x 2) y 2 e
e
e
(x 2) y
x e.
2
2
1
x
e
, x 0.
x3
x 0 f (x) 0. f
(0, ). f
. f (x)
, .
x 0
1
1
1
e
e
x
x
x
f (x)
x e xe
x e 2xe ex 2 e 2xe e(x 2)
2
2
.
mathematica -197
mathematica -198
60
mathematica -199
+ : 29/01/2012 17/02/2012

:

.
erxmer
parmenides51
mathematica.gr.
mathematica -200
121
f : R R , f x 0 x R , :
f x 1 x
f xt dt , x R.
0
1.
f x 0 , x R.
2.
3.
f .

f x
x
t
dt , x R , .
g x
f
t
4.
, R , f f
:. ( )
:
1.
f R x R
f (x) 0 . f ,
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 f (x1 )f (x2 ) 0 .
f R , [x1 ,x2 ] .
f (x1 )f (x2 ) 0 . , Bolzano ,
(x1 ,x2 ) f () 0 , , x R f (x) 0 .
f R . , x 0
f (0) 1 0 . , x R f x 0 .
5.
2.
xt u xdt du . t 0 u 0 t 1
1
1
x
t
tx
u
2
dt 1
xdt 1
du. f
u x . , f (x) 1 x
f
(xt)
f
(t)
f
(u)
0
0
0
u
R ,
R .
f (u)
x
u
u
du R , 1
du

f
(u)
f
(u)
0
0
R . , f R ,
x
x
f (x)
. , f (x)
f (x)f (x) x 2f (x)f (x) 2x
f (x)
f (x)
(f 2 (x)) (x2 ) f 2 (x) x2 c,c R.
x 0 c 1 , f 2 (x) x2 1 . x R
f (x) 0 , f (x) x2 1 , .
3.
, y x , R .
mathematica -201
x2 1
f (x)
x 1
lim
lim
x x
x
x
x
1 . ,
2
lim
lim f (x) x lim
1
x 2 lim 1 1 1.
x
x2
x 2 1 x lim
lim
1
x 1 x
x( 1 2 1)
x
0 , y x f .
x
0.
t
t
t
4.
g x
dt
dt
dt
2
2
f
t
t 1
t 1
x
0
0
t

R ,
2
t 1
x
x
t
t
0 t 2 1dt 0 t 2 1dt R . g
x
( x)
x
x
R , g(x)
0
x2 1
( x)2 1
x2 1
x2 1
x R g(x) 0 , g .
4.
t
t
h(t)
. t R t R h(t) h(t).
f (t)
t2 1
x
h ,
x
h(t)dt 0
g(x) 0 *
x
x
* : h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt

0
t u , dt du . t 0 u 0 , t x u x ,
x
h(t)dt h(u)du h(u)du. ,
0
x
h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt 0.

5.
f () f ()
( ) ,

f () f ()
1 , :
mathematica -202
f () f ()
1.
f [,] , (,) , MT
f () f ()
(,) f ()
f ()
f () f ()
1 ,
2 1
1 2 1 2 2 1,
f () f ()
1 f () f () .
122
1
t 1
f (x) e dt
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.

f
Cf A(2, f (2))
f (x) ex 2e x 1
E Cf ,
xx x 2 x 4 , E 2e
: . - . ( K)
:
1
t 1
1.
g(t) e . g t 1.
, Ag (,1) (1, ) 2 (1, ) Af (1, )
2.
g f
1
x 1
1
x 1
e f
1
1
x
f (x)
e 1 0 , f
(x 1)2
(1, ) .
f (x) e
3.
f (2) 0 f (2) e
y 0 e(x 2) y ex 2e.
4.
f , Cf
A(2,f (2)) , A ,
f (x) ex 2e,x 1.
mathematica -203
5.
E() ,
E() | f (x) |dx (1), (2) f (x) e

4
1
x 1
0.
f (1, ).
x 2 f (x) f (2) f (x) 0 E() f (x)dx
4
(4)
f (x) ex 2e f (x) (ex 2e) 0 f (x)dx (ex 2e)dx 0
4
ex 2
42 22
E() (ex 2e)dx
2ex e( ) 2e(4 2) E() 2e.
2
2
2
2
2
4
123
f : [0,1] R x [0,1]
x
f (x) xf (x) f (t)dt.

1
1.
f
[0,1]
x0 (0,1)
2.
f (x0 ) f (1) f (t)dt.

0
x
f (x) x f (t)dt c c R f (0) f (1)
3.
4.
f (0,1) ,
f (1)
.
f () 2
1
: . - . ( K)
:
f ( ) 0,1 1 0,1 ,
1.
x
f t dt f 0,1 (
1
0,1 ) x,f x 0,1 ( - )

x
f x xf x f t dt 0,1 (
1
) f 0,1
f x 2f (x) xf x .
mathematica -204
f x xf x f t dt
2.
x 0
f 0 f t dt f 0 f t dt, 1 .
f x xf x f t dt
x 1
f 1 f 1 f t dt f 1 f 1 , 2 .
1
f 0,1 , MT f 0,1 ,
x 0 0,1 :
1
f 1 f 0
f x0
1 0
3.
f 1 f 1, f 0 f t dt
f x0 f 1 f t dt .
x
x
f x xf x f t dt f x x f t dt x f t dt
1
1
1
x
x
f x x f t dt f x x f t dt c,c R : 3 x 0
1
1
f 0 c . x 1 f 1 c . f 0 f 1 c.
4.
f
x
0,1 f 0 f x xf x f t dt x
Fermat
1
f 0
f f f t dt f f t dt 0.
1
f x x f t dt c x f () f (t)dt c .
1
f () f (1)
.
1
1
f () f (1)
f (1)
f ()
2f () f () f (1) f ()( 2 1) f (1) f () 2
.
f (1) c f () f (t)dt f (1) f (t)dt
124
1
dt
0 1 t2
f .
3
1
4
dt ln2
0
0 1 t2
f (x) ln x x 2 1
1.
2.
mathematica -205
1
dt x, x R
0
1 t2
Cf ,
xx x 0, x 1 .
: . ( )
3.
4.
1
dt.
1 t2
0
f (x) ln x x 1
1.
x x 2 1 0 , x R ,
x 2 1 x 2 x x
x
1
1
dt
R ,
2
2
1
t
1 t
0
R , f R

2x
1
x x2 1
1
2 x2 1 1
f (x)
2
2
2
2
2
1
x
1
x
x x 1
x 1(x x 1)
1
x2 1 1
f (x)
.
2
2
2
1
x
1
x
x 1
1
x2 1 1
f (x) 0
0 x2 1 1 0 x2 1 1 x2 0 x 0
2
1 x
1x 2 0
x2 1 1
f (x) 0
0
x2 1 1 0 x2 1 1 x2 0 x 0
2
1 x
x R f (x) 0 , f R
2.
f (0) 0
3
2
3
4 1
4
3
1
3
3 5 4 1
f ln 1
dt
ln
dt
ln
2
0 1 t 2 dt.
4
0 1 t2
4
4 4 0 1 t 2
4
t R
3
4
1
1
0 2
dt 0 .
t 1
t 1
0
2
3
4
1
3
, f ln 2
dt. f R ,
1 t2
4
0
3
4
3
1
3
3
0 f (0) f 0 f (0) f ln 2
dt
4
1 t2
4
4
0
f
mathematica -206

3
4
3
4
1 t
1
dt ln 2.
2
1
t
0
dt ln 2. , 0
x
3.
h(x)
1
1
dt ,
R ,
2
1 t
1 t2
x
1 t
dt R , h
1
1
1
(x)
1.
2
2
1 x
1 x 2x
h(x) 1 h(x) x c,c R .
R h(x)
1
dt 0 . x 0 c 0 , h(x) x
h(0)
1 t2
0
x
1
dt x
1 t2
dt
0 1 t 2 4 .
dt x
4.
x
2
1
t
4
0
x [0, ) f (x) 0 ,
1
1
E f (x)dx (x) f (x)dx xf (x)0 xf (x)dx f (1) x
2
dx
x2 1 x 1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
x
x
1
2
f (1)
2 dx f (1) x 1 ln(x 2 1)
0
0 2
x2 1 0 x 1
0
1
1
1
1
f (1) 2 1 ln 2 ln 1 2
dt
ln 2
2
1 t2
2
0
1
ln 1 2 2 1 ln 2 ..
4
2

125
f R R ,

f (x)
(et 1)dt x.
1.
2.
f (x) , f 1 (x)
N
f x 0,y 0,x e
3.
Cf
4.
2010
2009
f (t)dt
2011
2010
f (t)dt .
mathematica -207
1. ,
f (x)
(et 1)dt x [et t]f0(x) x [ef (x) f (x)] [e0 0] x ef (x) f (x) 1 x.
g(x) ex x 1,x R.
g(x) ex 1 . x R g(x) 0 .
g R, 1 1 , .
g(f (x)) x f (x) g 1 (x) .
: f , .
153 164.
x 0
e
f (0)
1 dt 0 (1) . t R
et 1 0 , (1) f (0) 0
ef (x) f (x) x 1 . x f 1 (x)
f 1 (x) ex x 1, x R
2. f .
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) ef (x1 ) ef (x2 ) .
ef (x1 ) f (x1 ) 1 ef (x2 ) f (x2 ) 1 x1 x2 .
x1 ,x2 R x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) .
, f R
f , x 0 f (x) f (0) f (x) 0 .

f (x)dx . f (x) u
x f 1 (u) x eu u 1 dx (eu 1)du .

x1 0 , eu u 1 0 .
u1 0.
x2 e, eu u 1 e.
u2 1.
, E f (t)dt u(eu 1)du ueudu udu .
e
0
1
1
1
1
1
u
u
3
E ueu eudu ueu eu ..
0
0
0
0
2 0
2 0 2
2
3. f ,f 1
y x . De LHospital
f 1 (x)
ex x 1
lim
lim
. , f .
x
x
x
x
mathematica -208
f 1 (x)
ex x 1
lim
lim
1 lim (f 1 (x) x) lim (ex x 1 x) 1
x
x
x
x
x
x
f 1 y x 1 .
y x y x 1 , f
y x 1.
u
F(u) f (t)dt
4.
F [x,x 1] , (x,x 1) .
, .. x,x 1 F()
x 1
x 1
F(x 1) F(x)
x 1 x
f (t)dt f (t)dt f () f (t)dt .
f ()
(x,x 1) x,x 1
x 1
f ()
f (t)dt . (2009,2010)
(2009,2010)
x
2010
f (1 )
f (t)dt. , (2010,2011) 2 (2010,2011)
2009
2011
f ( 2 )
f (t)dt.
2010
f 2009,2010 , 2010,2011
2010
2009 1 2010 2 2011f (1 ) f ( 2 ) . ,
2011
f (t)dt
2009
126
f (t)dt.
2010
f (x) , R x o 0
g(x) : R R , g(x) f (xt)dt,t R,x R
1
z :| z 2 i || z 2 i |, 1 ,:
1.
,
() y 2x.
2.
A , Cf ,
1
1
2
xf
(
)
5x
(
)
x
x
R , lim
10
1 2
x 0
f( ) 2
x x
1 x
f (u)du , x 0
: g(x) x 0
f (0) , x 0
3.
mathematica -209
4.
g(x) R.
5.
z f (t)dt i f (t)dt 1
2
(1,2) g() f ().

:
1.
z x yi,x,y R
z 2 i z 2 i x yi 2 i x yi 2 i
(x 2) (y 1)i (x 2) (y 1)i
(x 2)2 (y 1)2 (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (x 2)2 (y 1)2 (x 2)2 (y 1)2

x2 4x 4 y 2 2y 1 x2 4x 4 y 2 2y 1 4y 8x y 2x.
, () y 2x.
2.
() y 2x
f (x)
f , lim
2 lim (f (x) 2x) 0.
x x
x
5u
1
1 5u 1
1
1
lim
lim
0
2
u
u u 2
u2
u2
u2
u2
u2
u

5u
lim 2 0
u
u
f (u) 5u
1
1
20 2
xf ( ) 5x 2 (*)
2
u
u
x
x
10 lim
lim
u
1 2
x 0
f
(u)
2u
2
0
2
2
f( ) 2
x x
2
10 18
2
1
1
lim
(*) u , limu
x 0
x0 x
x
3.
g(x) f (xt)dt , x 0
0
g(0) f (0)dt f (0) dt f (0) t 0 f (0).

1
du
.
x
t 0 , u 0 . t 1 , u x
1
x
x
f (u)du 1
f (u)du .
x 0 g(x) f (xt)dt
x
x0
0
0
x 0 xt u , dt
mathematica -210
4.
1 x
f (u)du, x 0
g(x) x 0
f (0), x 0
f (u) R ,
x
1

x
0
( , 0) (0, ) , g ( , 0) (0, ) .
f (u)du
R .
1
f (u)du f (0)
f (u)du xf (0) 00

x
g(x) g(0)
lim
lim 0
lim 0
x0
x0
x0
DLH
x0
x
x2
f (x) f (0) f (0)
lim
.
x0
2x
2
1 x
f (x)
,x 0
2 f (u)du
x 0
x
g R g(x)
f (0)
,x 0
z f (t)dt i f (t)dt 2i f (t)dt i f (t)dt

2
5.
1
2
f (t)dt f (t)dt 2
f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt 2 f (t)dt

0
g [1, 2] (1, 2) . MT
(1, 2)
g(2) g(1)
1
g()
g(2) g(1) f (t)dt f (t)dt 0
21
20
0
2
1
f ()
1
0 f (u)du f () 0
g() 0 2 f (u)du
0
1
f (u)du f () g() f ().
0
127
f , R f
. f
f (x)f (x) [f (x)]2 f (x)f (x),f (0) 2f (0) 1
1.
f
mathematica -211
2.
2004
lnf (x)dx 0
g 0,1
x
g(t)
0,1 2x
dt 1 0,1 .
0 1 f 2 (t)
3.
: . ( )
:
f x f x f x f x f x 2f x f x f 2 x
1.
2f x f x f 2 x c,c R . x 0 1 1 c c 0 . ',
f 2 x 2f x f x f 2 x f 2 x f 2 x e x f 2 x e x 0
f x e
x
0 f 2 (x)e x c1 ,c1 R . f (0) 1 c1 1 ,
f 2 (x) ex
x R f (x) 0 .
* f (0) 1 0 ,
x
f (x) 0 x R . f (x) e x e 2 .
(*) , (1)
121.
2.
h(x) x 2004lnf (x) x 2004
x
2
x R h( x) ( x)2004
x
h(x)
2
h x dx 0 **
g ,
x
** : h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt

0
t u , dt du . t 0 u 0 , t x u x ,
x
h(t)dt h(u)du h(u)du

0
0
x
h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt h(t)dt 0.
3.
g [0,1] : 0 g(x) 1.
1
, 1 f 2 (x) 1 0
1 . ,
1 f 2 (x)
mathematica -212
g(x)
g(x)
g(x)
0
0 1 f 2 (x) dx 0
1 f 2 (x)
1 f 2 (x)
1
g(t)
dt 0
2
1
f
(t)
0
g(t)
dt 1.
2
1
f
(t)
0
0,1 , r r(x) 2x
1
g(t)
dt 0.
2
1
f
(t)
0
Bolzano, r (0,1)
g(t)
1 0,1 ,

1 f 2 (t)
g(x)
1 , r
r r(x) 2
1 f 2 (x)
, (0,1).
r(0) 1 0 r(1) 1
128
f 1,2 R
f (x) 0,x 1,2 , f (1) 0,f (2) 2,f (2) 1
1.
2.
3.
f

y x
f
x0 (1,2)
f (x0 ) 1
4.

f (x) f (1) f (2) f (x)
.
,x 1,2
x1
2x
. f (x) 2(x 1),x 1,2
.
5.
6.
1.
f (x)dx 1
: x y 2
f
1 , 2 1,2 , 1 2 ,
f (1 )f ( 2 ) f (1 ) 2
: . ( )
:
f x 0,x 1,2 , f
mathematica -213
, f 1, 2 . f
xo 2
1, 2 ,, ,
f x f 2 1 0 . f 1,2 ,
f 1,2 f 1 ,f 2 0,2 .
Cf 2,f 2 2,2
y f 2 f 2 x 2 y x
2.
3.
f 1,2 (1,2), ..
f 2 f 1
2 . f ,2
21
(,2), .. x0 ,2 1,2
f 2 f
1
f xo
1.
2
2
1,2 f
4. . f 1,2 (1,2),
.. 1, x x, 2
1 1,x 2 x,2 f 1
f x f 1
x1
f 2 f x
. . 1 2
2x
f
f x f 1 f 2 f x
1 2 f 1 f 2
, f
x1
2x
1,2 .
f 2
. f x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2 . x 1,2
(4..)
f x f 1 f 2 f x
f x 2 x 1 .
x1
2x
. (4.) f x 2 x 1 f x 2 x 1 0
f x 2 x 1
2
f x 2 x 1 dx 0 f x dx 2 x 1 dx 1
5.
h x 2 x .
s x f x h x f x 2 x,x 1,2 . s x 1,2 f
s 1 1 0 s 2 2 0 . Bolzano
mathematica -214
x1 1,2 ,
s x1 0 f x1 h x1 0 f x1 h x1 .
s x , s x f x 1 0 . x1
.
6.
f 1,x1 x1 ,2 ,
(1,x1 ) (x1 ,2) , .. 1 1,x1
2 x1 ,2 f 1
f x1 f 1 2 x1
x1 1
x1 1
f 2 f x1
x1
.
2 x1
2 x1
2 x1 x1
x
2 x1
x1
f 1 f 2
1 f 1 2
2
.
x1 1 2 x1 x1 1
x1 1
x1 1
f 2
129
f ,g, R 0 , f (x) 0 , g x 0 , (x) 0

x
h(x)
t(t)dt
0
x
(t)dt
h( 1)
f (x)dx 0.
h(2)
1.
2.
h x 0 h
x 0 .
h 0 0 , h(x) 1 1 R
3.
f g(x)
x , , : f g
f (x)dx g(x)dx
o [, ) : f o g o .
4.
h 0 0,
x
g(x )dx
h f ( )g()
h
:
:
1.
(t)dt 0 .
0
mathematica -215
t R (t) 0 , x 0
(t)dt 0 .
0
x 0
(t)dt 0 (t)dt 0 . , x 0
(t)dt 0 . x (,0) (0, ). R ,

0
x
t (t)dt (t)dt
0
R. h(x)
t(t)dt
0
x
(,0) (0, )
(t)dt
0
,
x
x
x(x) (t)dt (x) t (t)dt (x) x (t)dt t (t)dt

0
0
(x)k(x)
0
0
h(x)
2
2
2
x
(t)dt
(t)dt
(t)dt
0
k(x) x (t)dt t (t)dt,x R

R ,
x
t (t)dt (t)dt
0
R . k R
0
x
k(x) (t)dt x(x) x(x) (t)dt,x R .

(1) k(x) 0 x 0
x - 0
+
k(x) 0 x 0 k(x) 0 x 0 .
k(x)
- 0 +
, k
k(x)
0 . 9
x 0
k(0) 0 .
x (,0) (0, ) k(x) 0
x (,0) (0, ) h(x) 0 .
x 0 h , x 0 h
.
2.
h(0) 0 , h x 0
mathematica -216
t(t)dt 00
lim x(x) lim x 0.
limh(x) lim 0x
x0
x0
DLH x0 (x) x0
(t)dt

h x 0
h ( ,0)
(0, ) . ,
h 1 1.
h
x 0 h(x) h(0) 0
h ( ,0) A1 ( lim h(x),limh(x)) ( lim h(x),0)
x
x 0
x 0 h(x) h(0) 0 . h (0, )

A2 (limh(x), lim h(x)) (0, lim h(x))
x 0
A1 A2 h 1 1 R
: h R
R
3.
f .
f R x R f (x) 0 , f
* R.
* , (1) 121
x R f (x) 0 , h(2) 0 h(1)
h( 1)
h(2)
f (x) 0
h( 1)
f (x)dx 0
f (x)dx 0 ,. x R
h(2)
f (x) 0.
s(x) f (x) g(x),x [,] . s [,] ,
.
s() f () g() 0
f () g() , 0 s.
f () g() . x [,]
f (x) g(x) f (x) g(x) 0 f (x) g(x) dx 0 f (x)dx g(x)dx . ,

x0 (,) f (x0 ) g(x0 )
s [,] ,
[x0 ,].
mathematica -217
, s() f () g() 0 s(x0 ) f (x0 ) g(x0 ) 0,

Bolzano 0 (x0 ,)
s( 0 ) 0 f( 0 ) g( 0 ) .
, 0 [,) s( 0 ) 0 f( 0 ) g( 0 )
s , 0 .
f ,g R . f (,)
g (,)
f
x1 ,x2 (,) x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 )

g
x1 x2 g(x1 ) g(x2 ) g(x1 ) g(x 2 )

s(x1 ) s(x2 ) , s
(,) . s [,] s
[,] , 0 .
4.
g R x R g(x) 0,
g R .
x
t
x
m(x) ( x) g(t )dt (x )f (x )g(x),x [,]
m [,]
, m() ( ) g(t )dt ( ) g(t t )dt m() ( )f ( )g()

t
, m()m() ( ) f ( )g() g(t t )dt 0 f ( ) 0
g() g(t t )dt 0 , g(), g(t t )dt . Bolzano

(,)
m() 0 ( ) g(t t )dt ( )f ( )g()
g(t
)gt
g(t
)gt
f ( )g()
f ( )g()
h
h
mathematica -218
130
[1,2] f f (x) 0
2x
x [1,2]
x
1.
t t
f ( )dt 1
x2 x
(1,2)
1
f ()
H(x) f (t)dt f (t)dt

2.
3.
H .
x0 (1,2)
x0
x0
f (t)dt f (t)dt
4.
E()
f x 1,x 2 4. ,
2
I H(x)dx
1
: . - . ( )
:
t
t ux . dt xdu .
x
t x u 1 t 2x u 2 .
2 1
2
u f (u)xdu uf (u)du
1
1
x
1.
F(x) uf (u)du, [1,2],x [1,2]

x
xf (x) [1,2] ,
uf (u)du [1,2] .
F(x) [1,2] F(x) xf (x) .

F [1,2] (1,2) .
, (1,2)
2
F(2) F(1)
1
F()
f () F(2) F(1) f () uf (u)du 1 f ()
1
21
2.
f f (x) 0 , f
1
* , f () 0 . x [1,2] f (x) 0 ,
H(x) 2f (x) 0 . , H [1,2]

mathematica -219
, (1) 121
3.
H(1)H(2) 0 ,
Bolzano c (1,2) H(c) 0 .
H [1,2] , c .
f (x)dx f (x)dx 0
c
E 4 f (x)dx 4 H(x)dx (x)H(x)dx

2
4.
[xH(x)]12 xH(x)dx 2H(2) H(1) 2xf (x) 3 f (x)dx 2 12 2 10.

2
131
f ,g [1, ) .
f , f (1) 1 . ,
x
f (t)dt
1
,x 1
x1
g(x)
f (t) 1
lim
f
(t)
,x 1
t1 t 1
1.
f (1) 0
2.
g(1)
3.
f ,g .
x 2
x2
4.
, x , (x 1) f (t)dt (x 1) f (t)dt
2
1.
(1, )
: . - . ( )
:
g xo 1 . limg x g 1 .
x1
f (t) 1
lim
f (t) g(1).
t 1
t 1
f ,
f t dt .
1
mathematica -220
De L'Hospital ,
0

f
t
dt
f
t
dt
1
1
0
limf x f 1 1 , f .
limg x lim
lim

x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 DLH x 1 x 1
x
f (t) 1
f (t) g 1 1.
t 1
t 1
limg x lim
x1
f x 1
f x 1
h x f x
f x h x limg x f 1 1 ,
x1
x1
x1
f x 1
lim
h x f x f 1 f 1 0 f 1 0 .
lim
x1
x1
x
2.
,
x
g x g 1
g 1 lim
lim
x1
x1
x1
f t dt
1
x1
x1
f t dt x 1
lim 1
x1
x 1
f x
x1 2 x 1
lim
1
g(1) f 1 0 .
2
3.
f [1, ) , f [1, )
f , x0 1 .
x 1 , x 1 f x f 1 0 . f
[1, ) . f [1, ).
x
x 1 g x
f t dt
1
x1
g x
f x x 1 f t dt
x 1
1
2
s x f x x 1 f t dt,x 1.
1
s x 0 xo 1.
s ,
s x f x x 1 f x f x f x x 1 0 , x 1 .
s ,
x 1 s x s 1 0 . , x 1 g x 0.
g , g [1, ) .
4.
x 1,
mathematica -221

x 2
x2
x 2
x2
x 1 f t dt x2 1 f t dt
g x
g x 2 x
f t dt f t dt
1
x 1
2
x 21
x 2 , g .
x2 x 2 x2 x 2 0 x 2.
132
1.
2.
3.
xf (x) x x R .
f (x) .
, .
4.
f (x) f (x 2 ) f (x 8 ) f (x 2009 )
5.
Cf ,y x1 ,
2 1
xx x 0 ,x ,
1 .
2
3x t
2x t dt
lim
.
x 0
x
:
:
6.
1.
x
2ttf (t)dt t 2f 2 (t)dt 2 tdt x R .
0, .
2ttf (t)dt t 2f 2 (t)dt 2tdt

x
tf t t dt 0 tf t t 0 tf t t 0
2
tf t t
2
tf t t 0
x 0 .
2
x
,x 0
x
R 0 ,
x
,x 0
x
f 0 lim f x lim
1. , f x x
x 0
x 0 x
1, x 0
2. xf x x f x
x xx x
.
x 0 f f x

x2
x
mathematica -222
x 0 0 ,
x
0

1
0
f x f 0
x
x
x
lim
lim
lim
x0
x0
x 0
x0
x
x 2 DLH
x x 1
x 1 1
lim
lim
0 0.
2
x0
x0
2
x
2
x
f 0 f 0 0 .
xx x
,x 0
, f R , f x
x2
0, x 0
3. f , .
g x xx x, x , , 0 ,
g 0 0 0 0 0 g x xx x xx.
x 0 g(x) 0 . x 0 g(x) 0 . o
f [ , ]
x
g(x)
+
2
+
x
f (x)
+
x
0
x
+ 0 x
- 0 +
g(x)
- 0 -
f (x)
g(x)
0
0 0 +
0 9
0
.
x [0, ] f .
x 0 f 0 1
x [ ,0] f
x f
0.
4. 0 1
f (x) f (x2 ) f (x8 ) f (x 2009 ).
x , f
x f x
f x x 1 x x f x f x
f x f x f x f x .
x 1 x
2009
2009
2009
(1, ] .
f

f x f x f x f x
0 x 1 x2009 x2 f x 2009 f x 2 0 x 1 x8 x f x8 f x
2009
mathematica -223
(0,1) .
f (x) f (x2 ) f (x8 ) f (x 2009 ), 0 1 .
5.
x 0,x .
x
y f f (x)
, y x1 y xx 0 ( x )
x
x
1 (x) y f y
x1 , x 1
x
f [,]
x
xx x
1 (x)
x1
1
f (x) 1 0
f (x) 0
x2
x
1 (x) [0, ] .
1,f 1 1,y 0 1, 1 .
x
[0, ] x
2 (x) y f y xx
x
f [0, ].
,f 1,y xx ,0 .
3 (x) y y xx x1 [0, ] x 0 .
0, y 0 0, y xx 0 0,0
, y f f (x)
x
.
x
, y xx 0.
, y x1 .

y
2
1,1
yf
x=0
-1
mathematica -224
x
x
E2
E1
(0,0) /5
f(x)
2/5
x=1
, 0
3/5
y xx
4/5
(o xx)
x=
x
6/5
x'x , Cf y x 1 ,
E ,
E E1 E2 y y xx dx y f y xx dx
0
x1dx
x
1
x
dx
dx.
x
2
x
1
x (0, ) , f ,
f
1 x f 1 f x f f f x f 1
f dt f x dt f 1 dt (-1)f f x dt (-1)f 1
(-1)
x
1
dt (-1)
.
x
1
1
0
1
x
1
dt (-1)1 .

2
x
1 1
x
1
2 1
2 1
dt
1 1
1
1
2
2
x
2
2
2
1
,
y
2
1,1
yf
x=0
x
x
E2
E1
(0,0) /5
f(x)
2/5
3/5
y xx
x=1
, 0
4/5
x
6/5
0
x=
-1
6. x 0, f . x 0,
0 2x 3x t 2x t 3x :
f (2x) f (t) f (3x) f (3x) f (t) f (2x). ,
mathematica -225

3x
3x
3x
2x
2x
2x
3x
f 3x dt f t dt f 2x dt xf 3x f t dt xf 2x
2x
3x
3x
3x
2x :x0 3x
f t dt
3
2
3x
2x
f t dt
2x
2x
2x
3x
2x
1, lim
1 ,
xx0 3x
xx0 2x
3x t
3x
f
(t)dt
2x t dt
2x
lim
lim
1 .
x 0
x 0
x
x
lim
6.
f x0 0
lim
3x
2x
x0
lim
x0
2x
3x
t
0
3x

f
(t)dt
f
(t)dt
dt
0
f (t)dt 0 lim 0
t
lim 2x
DLH x0
x0
x
x
2f (2x) 3f (3x)
f (0).
1
133
f : 0, R x 0
x
f x
1
t1
t e
f t
dt.
1.
x 0 ef x f x x ln x.
2.
f x ln x x 0.
3.
4.
1.
e
g x f x f , x 0.
x
f f f f
0 , :
:
f (0, ) ,
mathematica -226
t
1
t1
f t
dt .
x 0
x1
f (x)
xf
(x)e
xf
(x)
x(ef (x) 1)
1
f (x) f (x)ef (x) 1 (ef (x) f (x)) (x lnx)
x
c R,
ef (x) f (x) x lnx c, ef (1) f (1) 1 0 c c 0 , f (1) 0 .
ef (x) f (x) lnx x. (1)
f (x)
2.
k(x) x ex ,x R,k(x) 1 ex 0 , k
R , 1 1 . (1) k(f (x)) k(lnx) f (x) lnx ,
k 1 1.
e
g(x) f (x)f ( ) lnx(1 lnx).
x
g (0, ),
1 2lnx
g(x)
,x 0
x
1
1 2lnx
1
g(x) 0
0 1 2lnx 0 ln x x e 2 e
x
2
1
g(x) 0 lnx x e,g(x) 0 x e,g( e) 0 .
2
3.
, , g
(0, e] ,
[ e, ).
x e
1
g( e) .
4
x 0
g(x)
g(x)
e
+ 0
1
1
f (x) 2 0 f (0, ) .
x
x
f
[,]

, (,),
f () f ()
.
1 (,) f (1 )
, f [, ] , (, )
4.
f (x)
2 (,) f ( 2 )
f () f ()
.
mathematica -227
f () f () f () f ()
( f
(0, ).
f
1 2 f (1 ) f ( 2 )
134
f :(0, ) R, g : R R
1 x
f (g(x))g(x) x,x R f (g(x))g(x) x ,x R g(0) 1 .
e
1.
g
A(1,g(1)) y g(1)x .
ln x
,x (0, )
2.
f (x)
x
(0,e e] , g R .
3.
4.
5.
1.
f
x 1 .

f ,g x 1,x ln3 .
6 2e
ln3 .
:
x 0 f (g(0))g(0) 0 f (1) 0.
e
1 x
x
x
f (g(x))g(x) x f (g(x) x f (g(x)) x c .
e
e
e
x 0 f (g(0)) c f (1) c c 0 .
x 0
x
x
, f (g(x)) x . f (g(x))g(x) x x g(x) x g(x) e x .
e
e
x
g(x) g(x) e , g(1) g(1) e .
Cg A(1,g(1))
g (1) g(1)
y g(1) g(1)(x 1) y g(1) g(1)(x 1) y g(1)x .
x
. ex u 0 ex u x lnu .
x
e
x
lnu
f (ex ) x f (u)
,u 0 .
e
u
ln x
f (x)
,x 0 , .
x
1 ln x
2ln x 3
f (x)
,x 0 f (x)
,x 0
2
x
x3
3
2ln x 3
3
f (x) 0
0 2ln x 3 0 ln x x e 2 e 3 e e
3
x
2
2.
f (ex )
mathematica -228

x 0
2ln x 3
3
2ln x 3 0 ln x x e e
3
x
2
, ,
x 0
e e
f (0,e e]
f (x)
- 0 +
[e e, ).
f (x)
4 . 3
, g(x) ex ,x R.
f (x) 0
g(x) ex ,x R g(x) ex 0. g R.
ln x
1 ln x
,x 0 f (x)
,x 0.
x
x2
f (1) 0,f (1) 1. Cf x 1
y f(1) f (1)(x 1) y x 1 .
3.
f (x)
4.
x (0, ) , f (x) g(x). ,
Cf A(1,0) y x 1 ,
Cg B(0,1) y x 1. f ,g
f(x) x 1 x x 1 g(x).
ln 3
ln 3
g(x) f (x) dx g(x) f (x) dx
1
ln 3
1
ln 3
ln x
ln x
x
E ex
dx
e
dx
1
1 x dx
x
1
ln 3
ln 3
1
1
E ex ln 2 x 3 e ln 2 (ln 3)
1
1
2
2
1
E 3 e ln 2 (ln 3) .
2
ln 3
y=ex
1 :x=1
ln x
x
O(0,0)
2 :x=ln3
1
E 0 3 e ln2 (ln 3) 0
2
6 2e ln2 (ln3) 6 2e ln(ln3) e 62e ln3.
5.
135
f : R R , x R ,
f (x)
1
0 1 u2 du x.
1. . : f (0) f (0) 1 .
. f .
. f . .
2. f R :
mathematica -229
. f
g(x) f (x) f (x) .
. f .
:
1.
. g(u)
g(u) 0
g(u) 0
1
u2 1
u
(u 2 1) u 2 1
u
g(u)
( u 2 1)
u2 1
u
g(u)
-
f (0)
x 0 ,
g(u) 0, u R f (0) 0 .
(u 2 1) u 2 1
0u0
g(u)
f (0)
0 u 0 ,
(u 1) u 1
, ,
g ( ,0]
[0, ).
2
1
u 1
2
0
0
.
du 0 .
f (0)
du 0
2
2
u
1
u
1
0
0
. x 0 f (x) 0 ,
x0 0 f (x0 ) 0 , x0 0 .
1 g(u) 0
.
0 u x g(0) g(u) g(x) 1 g(u) g(x)
g(u)
g(x)
f (0) 0
f (x)
x 0
du 0 f (0) 0
du x 0
1 u2
.
xo 0 f (xo ) 0
0
f (x0 ) 0
1
1 u
f (x)
f (x0 )
1
1 u
1
1 u
du 0
f (x0 )
1
1 u
du 0
du x 0 x 0 .
xo 0 f (xo ) 0 f (x) 0
x 0 .
x 0 f (x) 0 x 0 f (x) 0.
f (x) 0 ,
mathematica -230

f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
1 g(u) du 0 du g(u)du f (x) g(u)du
0
f (x)
0
f (x)
0
f (x)
f (x)
g(u) g(x) du 0 g(u)du g(x)du g(u)du f (x)g(x)

0
0
f (x)
f (x)
g(u)du g(x)f (x) 0
f (x)
f (x)
g(u)du
g(x)f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
g(u)du
f (x)
f (x)
1
(1)
1
g(x)f (x)
x
g(x)
1
f (x)
f (x) f (0)
1 , , lim
1 lim
1
x0 g(x)
x0
x0
x
x0
f (x) f (0)
x 0 lim
1 f (0) f (0) 1 .
x0
x0
1.
( u 2 1)
u
1
.
g(u)
g(u)
u2 1
(u 2 1) u 2 1
u2 1
g ( ,0] [0, ).
lim
f (0)
x 0
f (0) 0 f (0) 0
u2 1
f (0)
1
f (0)
du 0 , g(u) 0, u R ,
u 1
2
du 0 f (0) 0
du 0. x 0 f (x) 0 ,
2
u
1
0
x0 0, f (x0 ) 0 x0 0, .
f
(x)
f (x) f (0)
.
lim
lim
f (x)
x0
x
1
x0
du

2
1
u
0
f 0 limf (x) f (0) 0 x 0

x 0
f (x) 0 , f (x) t t 0 :
0
1
t
lim t
lim
t 0
DLH t 0 1
1
du
2
2
1 t
u
1
0
f (0) f (0) 1 .
lim
t 0
1 t 2 1 f (0) f (0) 1 .
mathematica -231
. x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 )
f (x1 )
g(u)du 0
f (x 2 )
g(u)du
f (x1 )
f (x 2 )
g(u)du 0
f (x1 )
g(u)du
f (x 2 )
g(u)du
x1 x2 , x1 x2 f (x1 ) f (x2 ) f
R f (0) 0 , x 0
f (x) 0 , x 0 f (x) 0 .
1
1
f (x)
1
f (x) x, x 0 . 0
f (x) x
x
g(x)
1
0 , lim f (x)
lim
x f (x)
x
x 0 f (x) x lim f (x) .
. 1
f R .
1..
x R
f (x)
1 u
f ( x)
x 0
1
1 u2
du x
du 0 f (x) x 0
1
1

f (x) x
1
0 , lim f (x)
x
x f (x)
x<0 f (x) x lim f (x) ,
lim
f R.
2.
. (t)
1
t2 1
R ,
x
0
f (x)
f R. ,
0
f (x)
f (x)
f 2 (x) 1
dt
t2 1
dt
R.
R.
t 1
dt
x ,
2
t 1
2
1 f (x) f 2 (x) 1 (2). f R,
mathematica -232
f 2 (x) 1 R, f R,
f (x)
f (x)
f (x) f (x)
2
f (x) 1
g(x) f (x) f (x) 0 , g(x) 0.
. f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) (f (x) f(x)) f (x) f(x)
, f (x) f (x) cex , c R , f (0) 0
f (0) 1, c 1.
1
f (x) f (x) ex exf (x) exf (x) e2x (exf (x)) ( e 2x )
2
1
1
exf (x) e2x c,c R. f (0) 0 , c .
2
2
1
1
1
1
exf (x) e2x f (x) ex e x .
2
2
2
2
136
f (x) xlntdt
1
1.
f (x) .
2.
N f '(x),f ''(x) .
3.
4.
f '(x) ,
.
1
xo f '(x),
f (x)dx 0 .
x0
5.
B f (x) .
:
1.
A(t) lnt (0, )
. 1 (0, ) x (0, ),
f (x) (0, ) .
f (x) xlntdt x lntdt x[tlnt t]1x

f (x) x(xlnx x 1ln1 1) x2lnx x 2 x x 0
mathematica -233
f x xlntdt x lntdt (1) .
0,
ln tdt
1
ln tdt . f x
1
. ,
f x x
f x
f x x
lntdt
lntdt
ln x
x
x
x
1
f x
f x
xln x x c,c R (2) . x 1 (1)

xln x x
x
x
f 1 0 . x 1 (2) c 1 .
f x
xln x x 1 f x x 2 ln x x 2 x,x 0, .
x
2.
f x 2xlnx x 1 f x 2lnx 1.
3.
f x : f x 0 2ln x 1 0 x e
e
e
f x 0 0 x
.
e
e
, , f x
f x 0 x
f (x)
1
2
1
e
e
e
e
e
0
-
f (x)
0 . 9
e
0,

e
e
, .
e
e
[ , ) , f x 0 x 1
e
.
e
f x (0, ] ,
e
e
e2
[f
,1).
, lim f x ) [
x0
e
e
e
0 , xo 0,

e
e
f xo 0 . xo f x (0, ] ,
e
f x .
mathematica -234
4.
f x dx f x x f 1 f xo 0 0 0 .
1
xo
f x , x 1 x xo xo 1 .
, 0 x xo f x f xo 0 f x
5.
e
e
] xo (0, ] . xo x 1 f x f xo 0, f x
e
e
e
e
(0, ] xo (0, ] .
e
e
x 1 f x f 1 0 .
(0,
e
e
, ) 1 [ , ) .
e
e
f : (0,xo ]
A1 (lim f x ,f xo ] (0,f xo ] .
f x [
x 0
xo ,1
A2 f 1 ,f xo 0,f xo [1, )
A3 [f 1 , lim f x ) [0, ) .
x
f
f A A1 A2 A3 (0,f xo ] 0,f xo [0, ) [0, ) .
137
f : 0, R :
x2f x 5xf x 4f x 0 x 0 , f 1 1 f 1 3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
g x x2f x ln x x 0
.
f .
f .
ln ln
0 2 f
f .
2 2
Cf
: y 0, x 1, x e2 .
1.
:
g (0, )
mathematica -235
1
(1) . x2f (x) 5xf (x) 4f (x) 0,x 0
x
3
2
x f (x) 5x f (x) 4xf (x) 0,x 0 ,
x3f (x) 3x2f (x) 2x2f (x) 4xf (x) 0,x 0 , (x3f (x)) (2x2f (x)) 0,x 0
(x3f (x) 2x2f (x)) 0,x 0 , x3f (x) 2x2f (x) c,x 0 .
f (1) 1,f (1) 3 c 1 x3f (x) 2x2f (x) 1, x 0
1
1
2xf (x) x 2f (x) ,x 0 . g(x) 2xf (x) x 2f (x)
x
x
g(x) 0,x 0 g(x) c,x 0 .
g(x) 2xf (x) x 2f (x)
2.
g(1) 1 (1) c 1 . x2f (x) lnx 1,x 0.

1 ln x
f (x)
,x 0
x2
3.
1 ln x
1
limf
(x) lim
lim 2 (1 ln x) ,
2
x0
x 0 x
x0
x
x 0 f ,

1
1 lnx
x lim 1 0
lim f (x) lim
lim
x
x
x 0 2x 2
x 2 DLH x 2x
y 0 f
f (x)
:x 0
1 ln x
,x 0
x2
x
:y 0
ln x
,x [, ] . h
x
[,] ( ) h(x) f (x) ,
ln ln
ln ln
h() h()
.
f ()
(,) h()
2 2
, f () f () f ().
x 2x(1 ln x) 3x 2xln x 3 2ln x
f (x)

x4
x4
x3
f (x) 0 2ln x 3 x e e f (x) 0 x e e f
(0,e e] (0,2) (0,e e] ,
3.
h(x)
0 2 f () f () f ().
mathematica -236
5.
e2
E f (x) dx.
1
f (x) 0 1 lnx 0 x e f (x) 0 1 lnx 0 x e

e
e2
e2
(4 )
E f (x) dx f (x) dx f (x)dx f (x)dx
E [h(x)]1e [h(x)]ee h(e) h(1) h(e 2 ) h(e)

2
138
e2
.
e2
f : R R f 0 1 f f
, R .
2tf t
t 2 1 dt
2tf t
dt .
2
t
1
0
x
1.
x R f x 1
2.
3.
f
g : R R
f x g x 2 f x g x
4.
1.
.
f x 2ex1 R
.
:
2tf t
dt , 0
f f 2
t
2tf (t)
2tf (t)
f () f (0) 2
dt . x , f (x) f (0) 2
dt (1).
t
1
t
1
0
0
2tf (t)
dt . x ,
2
t
1
0
0 f () f (0)
x
2tf (t)
dt (2)
2
t
1
0
f (x) f (0)
2tf (t)
dt .
2
t
1
0
(1) , (2) x R f (x) 1

2.
, f (x)
2xf (x)
f (x)(x 2 1) (x 2 1)f (x) 0
, f (x) 2
x 1
mathematica -237
f (x)
2
x2 1 0 f (x) (x 1)c .
x 0 c 1 , f (x) x2 1 , .
f x g x 2 f x g x
3.
f x g x f x g x 2g(x) 0 (f (x)g(x) 2g(x)) 0

h(x) f (x)g(x) 2g(x),x [1,1] .
h [1,1] , ( 1,1)
h(1) f (1)g(1) 2g(1) 2g(1) 2g(1) 0
h(1) f (1)g(1) 2g(1) 2g(1) 2g(1) 0 . Rolle
x0 ( 1,1) h(x0 ) 0 .
f x g x 2 f x g x .
4.
x2 1 2ex1 2ex1 x2 1 0
H(x) 2ex1 x2 1,x R .
H R ,
H(x) 2ex1 2x , x R .
H(1) 0 H ,
H(x).
H(x) 2ex1 2 ,
x 1
x1
x1
H(x) 0 2e 2 0 e 1 x 1
(x)
- 0 +
H(x) 0 2ex1 2 0 ex1 1 x 1

H(x) 0 2ex1 2 0 ex1 1 x 1
(x)
O.E
, H(x)
xo 1, H(1) 0.
H(x) H(1) H(x) 0 x 1 H(x) 0 .
H R . H(1) 0
x 1.
139
f (x) lnx,x 0 , K(x)
2t 2

dt , x 0,
2
t 1
2
h(x) x 1 .
2
1.
f (x) x 1 x 0 .
2.
K(x)
mathematica -238
K(x) .
3.
. g(x) (foh)(x) R .
. E()
g , x'x

x 0,x 0, .
2
. lim E().

. E() 2( ) 0, .
2
:
1.
x 0
lnx x 1 lnx x 1 0.
m(x) lnx x 1,x 0. m (0, )

1
1 x
m(x) 1
,x 0.
x
x
1 x
m(x) 0
0 x 1
x 0
1
x
m(x)
+ 0 x 0
1 x
m(x) 0
0 x 1.
m(x)
9 O. 0
x
, ,
m (0,1] [1, ) .
x 1 m(1) 0 .
x 0 m(x) m(1) lnx x 1 0 lnx x 1 .
2t 2
(0, ) ,
2.
2
2
t 1
x
2
2t
dt
(0,
)
(0,
),
x
0 t 2 1
2
2
x
2t 2
dt (0, ),
2
t 1
2
2t
dt x. K (0, )
1
2
0
2
2
2 x
2 x
K (x) 2
(x) 2
2x 1 2 2x,x (0, ).
x 1
x 1
2
K (0, )
2
4x
K (x)
,x (0, ).
2
x
2
mathematica -239
3.
. f (x) lnx,x 0 h(x) x2 1,x R .

x Dh
x R
g(x) (foh)(x)

x R
2
h(x) D
x 1 0
f
g R
g(x) (foh)(x) f (h(x)) f (x 2 1) ln(x 2 1),x R.
. E()
ln(x 2 1) dt . x R
x 0 x 1 1 ln(x2 1) ln1 ln(x2 1) 0

x 0 , x R g(x) 0 .
2
E()
ln(x
1)dt (x) ln(x 2 1)dt
xln(x 1)
0
2
2x
x 2
dx xln(x 2 1)
0
x 1
0
xln(x 1) 2
0
2
xln(x2 1)
2x 2
dx
x2 1
x 11
1
dx xln(x 2 1) 2 dx 2 2
dx
2
0
x 1
x
1
0
0
2
2 x0 2 ln(2 1) 2 2.
dx
,
[0,
).
0 x 1
2
s
1
1
s() 2
2 1 1 .
2
1
1
, s()
s() c,c R. . 0 c 0 , s()
x
0
. lim E() lim ln( 2 1) 2 2
2
lim ln( 2 1) 2

2
2
0 , lim lim ln(2 1) .
lim
2
2
mathematica -240
1
dx .
1
. (0, )
2
2
ln( 1) 2 2 2( )
ln(2 1) 2 2 ln(2 1) 2 2
1
ln(
) 2 2 ln( 2) 2 2
2

ln( 2) 2 2 ln( 2) 2 2.
(1) , ln( 2) 2 1 2
(0, ) 2 2 2
2
t() 2 2 2, [0, ] .
2
t
t() 2 2 2( 1) 0 .
t [0, ] . [0, ]
2
2
t() t(0) 2 2 2 0 . (0, ) ,

2
2
2 2 0.
3..
(0, )
2
2
ln( 1) 2 2 2( ) ln(2 1) 2 2
1
ln(2 1) 2 2 ln(
) 2 2
2
ln( 2) 2 2 ln( 2) 2 2
ln( 2) 2 2 2ln() 2 2 ln() 1
2ln() 2 2 ln() 1 (1)
x x (0,1).
140
f : R R x R
f x
1 dt x 1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
f .
f .
f
x R .
Cf ,
mathematica -241
x'x x 1 x e 1 .
x1
x 1 .
x 1 f x f x
2
: . . ( )
:
t
g(t) e 1 R ,
5.
1.
g(t)dt
R , f
0
f (x)
R,
g(t)dt.
R. x 1 R .
f (x)
1 dt x 1 .
ef ( x ) 1 0
, f (x)(ef (x) 1) 1 f (x)
0.
ef (x) 1
f R , 1 1 , .
f (x)
1 dt x 1 et x
f (x)
0
x 1 ef (x) f (x) x .
h(x) ex x,x R . h R h(x) ex 1 0 .

h R 1 1 , .
: lim h(x) lim ex x
lim h(x) lim e x .

x
h R .
h 1 R . h(f (x)) x f (x) h 1 (x) .
f R .
h(f (x)) x f 1 (x) h(x) e x x,x R .
f (x) ef (x)
f (x)
f (x)
0.
2.
f (x)(e 1) f (x) e 0 f (x)
(ef (x) 1)
f R.
2
f (1)
3.
f (1) 0 , x 1
1 dt 0(1) .
t R e 1 0 (1)
f (1) 0 . , f R
x 1 f (x) 0 .
t
x 1f (x) f (1) 0 . x 1 f (x) f (1) 0 .

mathematica -242
Cf , x'x
x 1 x e 1 E
1 e
f (x) dx . x 1f (x) f (1) 0
1 e
, E
f (x)dx
1

1 e
f (x)dx

f f 1
y x A(1,f(1)) ,
B(1 e,f(1 e))
A(0,f 1 (0)) A(0,1) ,
B(1,f 1 (1)) B(1,1 e)
:y=1+e
B(1,1+e)
M(1+e,1+e)
1
(0,1)
B(1+e,1)
x
(1,0)
1 e
. E
1
:x=1
f (x)dx
:x=0
x2
x
E 1 e f (x) dx 1 e e x dx x xe e
2 0
0
0
1
3
E 1 e e 1 ..
2
2
1
f (x) u x f 1 (u) eu u , dx (eu 1)du.

x 1 u 0 x 1 e u 1.

1 e
u2
3
f (x)dx u(e 1)du u(e 1)du ue e .
0
0
2 0 2
0
0
5.
x 1 1,x f ,
f x f 1
.
x1
f , f R . ,
f x f 1
1 x f x f f 1 f x
f 1 .
x1
x 1 f 1 0,x 1 0 .
1,x f
mathematica -243
1
1
f 1 0 f 1 ,
f x
2
1 e
f x f 1
x1
f x
f 1 x 1 f x f x
.
x1
2
f x
141

x
-
-2
0
2
ln x
f (x) ex 3x g(x)
1.
2.
e (e 3t) x +2 dt - 0
et f(x)
3t
+
t
x -2
+
+
-
- 0 +
+
+
- 0 +
3.
f .
f(x)
9 0
0 . 9
x1 ,x2
e
f (x) 0 , 0, ln 3,2 .
3
g.
4.
g.
5.
g
, Dg
ln
et (et 3t)
dt e 3 .
e 3 t
e
3t
ln
: . ( )
:
x
f (x) e 3x f (x) ex 3 f (x) 0 ex 3 x ln3
1.
f (x) 0 ex 3 x ln3 . f [ln 3, ).

f (x) 0 ex 3 x ln 3. f (,ln3].
ln 3
x
, ,
f (x)
0
+

f (x)
0 .
9
x ln3, f (ln3) 3 3ln3.

, lim (ex 3x) lim (ex 3x) lim [ex (1

x
DLH x
3x
)] .
ex
3x
3x
3
lim x 0, lim (1 x ) 1.
x
x e DLH x e
x
e
lim
f ( ,ln 3] [f (ln 3), lim f (x)) [3 3ln 3, )

x
f [ln 3, [f (ln 3), lim f (x)) [3 3ln 3, ).

x
f , [3 3ln3, ) .
mathematica -244

e
e
3
2.
f (0) 1 0 f ( ) e e 0,
3
e
e
e
e
e 3 1 e 3 e. f [0, ] f (0)f ( ) 0.
3
3
3
e
Bolzano x1 (0, ) f (x1 ) 0.
3
(,ln3] f
e
e
(0, ) ( ,ln 3] , ln 3 e ln 33
3
3
e
3
e
3
lne ln3 e 3 , e 3 .
f (ln3) 3 3ln3 3(1 ln3) 3(lne ln3) 0 e 3
f (2) e2 4 0 e 2 f (ln3)f (2) 0, Bolzano

x2 (ln3,2) f (x2 ) 0. , [ln 3, )
f .
ln x
3.
g(x)
et (et 3t)
dt
f (t)
e
1 ln 3 x2 .
3
3x1 x 3x2 ,
f (t) 0 t (,x1 ) (x1 ,x2 ) (x2 , ) , 0 x1
x 0 x1 lnx x2 ex1 x ex2

x1 ,x2 f (x) 0 .
, g A (3x1 ,3x2 ) .
4.
f (3x1 ,3x2 ) et (et 3t)
et (et 3t)
(3x1 ,3x2 ) ,
dt
f (t)
1
(3x1 ,3x2 ) . , ln x (3x1 ,3x2 ) . g

eln x (eln x 3ln x) 1 x(x 3ln x) x 3ln x
,
g (x)
f (ln x)
x (x 3ln x)x x 3ln x
3
3
(1 )(x 3ln x) (1 )(x 3ln x) 6(1 ln x)
x
x
g(x)
2
(x 3ln x)
(x 3ln x)2
x
g(x) 0
g(x) 0
6(1 lnx)
2
0 x e (3x1 ,3x 2 )
0 3x1 x e
x 3lnx
6(1 lnx)
x 3lnx
mathematica -245

g (3x1 ,e]
[e,3x2 ).
et (et 3t)
dt 0.
g(e) t
e
3t
1
1
x 3x1
g(x)
g(x)
3x 2
e
+
g(e) 0 g e (3x1 ,3x2 ), g

B(e,0) .
5.
(e 3)(g() g()) ( )(e 3).
g(e) 0 g(x) 0 x e , g
(3x1 ,e] . g(x) 0 x e , g [e,3x2 ).
g
3x 2
e
x 3x1
g (x)
+ 0
e3
0,
x e g(e)
e3
g(x)
9 . 0
x (3x1 ,3x2 ) g(x) 0,
g (3x1 ,3x2 ).
g [,] (3x1 ,3x2 ) , (,) , ,
e3
g() g()

(,) g()
. g() g(e)
e3
g() g() e 3
(e 3)(g() g()) ( )(e 3) ,
e3
.
142

f : R R
x
f (x) 1 x f (x t)dt x R
1
1.
2.
3.
1.
f (x)dx 2 .
f
f x0 1 .
f (x) 1
lim
.
x1 (x 1)3
lim ex f (e x ) 1 2 .
x
: . , 18/4/2010
:
u x t du dt.
mathematica -246
t 1 u x 1, t x u 0 , f (x) 1 x f (x t)dt
1
0
x 1
x 1
f (x) 1 x f (u)( du) 1 x f (u)du

f
f (x)
x 1
f (u)du xf (x 1).
f (1) f (0).
, f (0) 1 0 f (u)du 1 , f (1) 1 .

0
x0 1 .
4
f (x) f (1) 1
f (x) 1
lim
,
2
x1 (x 1)3
x1
x 1 (x 1)
f (x) f (1)
1
f (1) 1 lim
lim
.
x1
x1 (x 1)2
x1
2.
lim
e x 1
3.
f (e x ) 1 e x
f (u)du .
e 1
g(x)
e
f
(e
)
f
(u)du
. , lim g(x) lim f (u)du .
0
x
x
x
e t , x t 0 .
x
e 1
t 1
lim f (u)du lim f (u)du .

x
t 0 0
e x 1
f R ,
f (u)du
0
R . t 1 R . g R ,
0
t 1
1
. , lim f (u)du f (u)du f (u)du ( 2) 2 .
t 0
1
0
0
(*)
f .
.
: f : R R
f (x) 1 x f (x t)dt x R
1
f (x)dx 2.
f x0 1.
:
mathematica -247
u x t du dt.
x
t 1 u x 1, t x u 0 , f (x) 1 x f (x t)dt
1
x 1
f (x) 1 x f (u)( du) 1 x f (u)du

x 1
0
x 1
1 x f (u)du 1
f (x ) f (1)
0
lim
x 1
x
1
x1
x1
x 1
lim f (u)du xf (x 1) f (0)

x 1
0
lim
x 1
lim
x f (u)du
x 1
x1
0
0

DLH
f (1) f (0) . , f (0) 1 0 f (u)du 1 , f (1) 1 .

0
f x0 1
.
4
143

z i f : R R
, : z i f x z i f 1 x z i z i x R
1.
z i z i .
2.
z .
3.
f x 1.
1
4.
f x dx 1.
0
2x
5.
f t dt 1 xf x
0
.
: . ( )
:
1.
z i R, z i R
f (x) f (1 x) ,x R,, R
x 1 x f (1 x) f (x) ,x R ,
f (1 x) f (x) f (x) f (1 x) ( )f (x) ( )f (1 x), x R
, f (x) f (1 x), x R .
x 1 f (0) f (1) , f ,
z i z i .
2.
z i z i z AB
mathematica -248
A(0,1),B(0, 1) xx .
3.
z i z i z i ,
f(x) f(1 x) 2, x R.
1
1 1
1
f f 2 f 1
2
2 2
2
1
1
f (x) 1 f (x) f x f .
2
2
f (x) f (1 x) 2 f (x) f (1 x) dx 2dx
4.
1
f (x)dx f (1 x)dx 2x
1
0
1 x u , dx du . x 0 u 1 ,
x 1 u 0 ,
1
f (1 x)dx f (u)du f (u)du
0
1
f (x)dx f (1 x)dx 2x 0 2 f (x)dx 2 f (x)dx 1 .

1
2x
1
2
h(x) f (t)dt 1 xf (x),x [0, ] .
5.
1
h [0, ]
2
0
h(0) f (t)dt 1 0f (0) 1 0

0
1 1
1 1
1
h f (t)dt 1 f 1 1 0
2 2
2 2
2 0
1
1
Bolzano (0, )
2
2
h() 0 f (t)dt 1 f () .
0
2x
f (t)dt 1 xf (x) .
0
144

f : (0, ) R x 0
x
f (t)
e x dt f (x) 1 . :
mathematica -249
1. f .
2. () Cf
.
3. Cf xx
().
x2
4. lim
x1
x
x2
5. lim
x1
f (x)
dt.
f (t)
1
dt.
2
x
x
f
(t)
1.
,
x
x
f t
1
e x dt f x 1 x e f t dt f x 1 e f t dt xf x x.
x
f , ,
f t dt
e
(0, ) . ,
f t dt xf x x f x f x xf x 1 xf x 1 .
e
x 0, f x f x ln x
x
f x lnx c,x 0,c R (1) .
x e , f e 1 .
x e , (1) , c 0 .
f x lnx,x 0.
2.
Cf A x o , f x o
1
x xo .
xo
,
1
O 0,0 ln xo xo xo e .
xo
Cf ,
1
1
A e, lne e,1 y x g x x .
e
e
1
1
f x lnx,x 0, f x ,x 0 f x 2 ,x 0 .
x
x
y f xo f xo x xo y ln xo
mathematica -250
x 0 f (x) 0 , f
(0, ) . f
y
,
.
.

x'x , x 1
1
y x
e
,

f x lnx

:x=0
f (e,1) ,
x
:x=e
:x=1
f x 1 .
,
1
E g x dx g x f x dx
1
1
1 x2 x2
e2
1
xdx x lnx dx x lnx x

..
e
e
e
2
2e
2
0
1
0
1
1
3.
1
1
,x 1,
f (x) ln x
T(x)
T(x)
1
x ln x
0 , x 0, T
x 1, t x t x 2 :
T(x) T(t) T(x 2 ) T(x 2 ) T(t) T(x)(*)

x2
x2
x2
T x dt T t dt T x dt x
2
ln x2
x2
x
T t dt
(1)
2ln x
ln x
x
x T x
2ln x
x
T t dt
T t dt x x T x
x x 1
T t dt
2
x2
ln x
x2
ln x
x2 x
1
ln x
dt x 2 x
2
f (t)
x
x
x2 x
f (x)
dt x 2 x .
2
f (t)
x
x
x
lim
x1
x
2
0, lim
x1
x 0
x2
f (x)
dt 0 .
x1
f
(t)
x
(*) f ,g [,] x [,]
lim
mathematica -251
f (x) g(x) f (x) g(x) 0 f (x) g(x) dx 0
f (x) g(x)dx .
4.
x x
3.
x
x2
x2 x
1
1
1
T t dt
2
dt
2ln x
ln x
2ln x x x x f (t)
ln x
x
2
lim
x1
1
1
, lim
,
x1 ln x
2ln x
x2
: lim
x1
1
dt.
2
x
x
f
(t)
145

f ,g R
x
f (t )dt
x10f (t )dt g(t)dt 0 x R {0,1} g(x) g(2 x) 2
g(x) 0 x R .
1.
2.
0
1
f (t)dt f (t)dt x R 0,1 .

1
f (t)dt 0 .
f 1 0 f 0 0 .
3.
4.
f ,
f (x) f (t)dt f (x)f (x) 0,1 .

1
5.
f (t)dt xf (x)
0,1 .
6.
f , 2f (x) xf (x)
0,1 .
7.

g(x) xx x 0 x 2.
:
:
1.
g x R g(x) 0 ,
Bolzano, g R.
, x 1 2g(1) 2 g(1) 1 0 g(x) 0,x R.
mathematica -252
F(x) f (t)dt G(x) f (t)dt ,
F(x)
G(x)
g(t)dt 0 x 0,1.
x0 R {0,1} F(x0 ) G(x0 )
F(x0 )
G(x0 )
g(t)dt 0
x0 R {0,1} F(x0 ) G(x0 ) g(x) 0,x R
F(x0 )
G(x0 )
g(t)dt 0,, F(x) G(x) , x R {0,1}.

x
F(x) G(x) , x R {0,1} F(x) f (t)dt ,
2.
0
1
G(x) f (t)dt R , ,
x
limF(x) limG(x), F(0) G(0) 0 f (x)dx

x 0
x 0
0
1
limF(x) limG(x), F(1) G(1) f (x)dx 0.

x1
x1
3.
f (t)dt 0 .
x
h(x) f (t)dt f (t)dt (1), (2)
h(x) 0, x R . h(1) h(0) 0 , x1 0,x2 1

h(x) 2f (x) , Fermat ,
h(0) h(1) 0 f (0) f (1) 0 .
4.
f (x) f (t)dt f (x)f (x) 2f (x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x) 0

x
2f (x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x) 0 2G(x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x) 0 (G 2 (x) f 2 (x)) 0.

H(x) G 2 (x) f 2 (x), x [0,1]
,
H(x) 2G(x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x) H(x) 2f (x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x).
, H(0) H(1) 0 . Rolle , H(x) 0
(0,1) 2f (x)G(x) 2f (x)f (x) 0 f (x) f (t)dt f (x)f (x).
x
5.
f (t)dt xf (x) 0 G(x) xf (x) 0

1
mathematica -253
(x) G(x) xG(x) 0 xG(x) 0.
K(x) xG(x), x [0,1]

x
K(x) G(x) xG(x) f (t)dt xf (x)

1
K(1) K(0) 0 , Rolle ,

x
K(x) f (t)dt xf (x) 0 (0,1) .

1
6.
2f(x) xf (x) 0 2xf(x) x2f (x) 0
(x2 ) f (x) x2f (x) 0 x2f (x) 0
(x) x2f (x),x [0,1]

(x) 2xf (x) x2f (x) (0) (1) 0 , Rolle ,
(x) 2xf (x) x 2f (x) 0 , (0,1) , 2f (x) xf (x) 0 .

7.
, g(x) 0,x R
2
E g(x)dx [2 g(2 x)]dx 2dx g(2 x)dx E 4 g(2 x)dx

2
u 2 x du dx . x 0 u 2, x 2 u 0.
2
g(2 x)dx
0
g(u)(du) g(u)du E
E 4 E 2E 4 E 2..
146

f R
x2 f (tx)
2
1 x x dt x 1 x R 0 .
1.
2.
x3
(x) f (t)dt .
x
f 1 1 f -1 1 .
3.
(x) x 0
f (0) 0 .
4.
f ,
.
:
:
mathematica -254
1.
x3
x3
0
x
(x) f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt .
f R ,
f (t)dt R ,
0
x3
f (t)dt
R , . (x)
(x) 3x2f (x3 ) f (x) .

2.
u tx du xdt . . t 1 u x, t x2 u x3
x2
x2
x3
x3
f (tx)
f (tx)
f (u)
1
1
x 0 ,
dt 2 xdt 2 du 2 f (u)du 2 (x).
xx
x x
x x
x x x
x x
1
1
x
:
1
x 0 , 3 (x) x2 1 0 (x) x5 x3 0 (1)
x
1
x 0 , 3 (x) x2 1 0 (x) x5 x3 0 (x) x5 x3 0 (2)
x
(x) (x) x5 x3 (1) (x) 0 ,
(0, ) (x) (x) 5x4 3x2 .
(1) (1) 0 , x1 1 .
Fermat, (1) (1) 5 3 0 (1) 2
3f(1) f(1) 2 f(1) 1
, (x) (x) x5 x3 (x) 0, x ( ,0) .
( ,0) (x) (x) 5x4 3x2 . ,
(1) (1) 0 , (x) (1), x ( ,0) .
x2 1 . Fermat,
(1) (1) 5 3 0 (1) 2 ,
3f (1) f (1) 2 f (1) 1 .
3.
(0) f (0) . , x 0
(x) x5 x3 0 (x) x5 x3 (x) (0) x5 x3

(x) (0)
(x) (0)
x4 x2 lim
0 (0) 0 .

x 0
x
x
x 0 , (x) x 5 x 3 0 (x) x 5 x 3 (x) ( 0) x5 x3 .
(x) (0)
(x) (0)
x4 x2 . lim
0 , (0) 0 .
,
x 0
x
x
(0) 0 , f (0) 0 .
mathematica -255
4.
H f [1,0] [0,1]. f
( 1,0) (0,1), ,
f (0) f ( 1)
x1 (1,0), x2 (0,1) f (x1 )
1
0 ( 1)
f (1) f (0)
f (x2 )
1 .
1 0
f [x1 ,x2 ] , (x1 ,x2 ) f (x1 ) f (x2 ) 1.
Rolle , (x1 ,x2 )
f () 0 . f .
147

xt
3
f
dt x 6x 6
2x
3
f : R R 3f (x)
x R .
1.
f .
2.
f .
3.
f 1 1 .
4.

f, Cf 1 , x'x
2
x 2 ,x 2 .
e
: , ( )
:
xt
u , dt 3du . t 2x u x
3
x
0
x
xt
)dt 3f (u)du 3f (u)du.
t x u 0 . f (
3
2x
x
0
1.
3f (x)
2x
x
f(
xt
)dt x 3 6x 6 ,
3
x
3f (x) 3f (u)du x 6x 6 3f (x) 3 f (u)du x 3 6x 6 .

3
f R , f (u)du
0
x
R , x3 6x 6 R , 3 f (u)du x 3 6x 6
0
R , f R .
mathematica -256
2.
x 0 3f (0) 6 f (0) 2 .

3f (x) 3f (x) 3x2 6 f (x) f (x) x 2 2 f (x)e x f (x)e x e x (x2 2)
f (x)e e
x
x 2 2e x .. 1 .
:
, .

x
t dt 2 e dt e
t 2
0
x
t dt 2 e
dt e t 2te dt 2 e tdt
0
t 2 x
0
x
e t t 2 2t e t dt 2 e tdt e t t 2 2te t 2 e tdt 2 e tdt

0
0
0
x
0
x
e t t 2 2te t 2 e tdt 2 e tdt e t t 2 2te t e xx 2 2xe x

0
0
0
0
x
0
x
e (x 2) e x x2 2xe x .
(1) ,
f (x)e e
x
x2 2xe x
f (x)e x e xx2 2xe x c,x R,c R .

x 0 c 2 , f (x)e x e xx2 2xe x 2 f (x) x2 2x 2ex ,
. f (x) 2ex x2 2x,x R .
3.
f R f (x) 2ex 2x 2,x R .
f , f .
f R f (x) 2ex 2,x R .
x
0
f (x) 0 2ex 2 0 x 0
f (x)
- 0
+
f (x) 0 2ex 2 0 x 0
,
f (x)
0 . 9
f (,0]
[0, ) .
x 0 f (0) 0.
x R f (x) 0 x 0 . f
R , 1 1 , .
4.
u f 1 (x) x f (u) dx f (u)du .

11
2
2
x 2 f (u) 2 f (u) f ( 2) u 2.
e
e
11
x 2 f (u) 2 f (u) f (0) u 0.

mathematica -257
(x) dx
(f (u))f (u)du
2
e2
uf (u)du u(2e
2u 2)du
2
0
0
u3
u
2
u
u
2 ue du 2 u du 2 udu 2 ue 2 e du 2 u 2
2
2
3 2
2
2
2
2
0
0
u3
2 ue 2 e 2 u 2
2
2
2
3 2
16
16
10
4e2 2 2e2
4
2 6e2 6e2 ..
3
3
3
148

x1 x
1
1
f (0, ) f (x) 2 2 f dt
1 t
2 2x
t
x 0 .
1.
f (0, )
f (x) f (x) .
2.
g(x) lnx x2f (x) x 0

(0, ) .
3.
f x (0, ) .
4.
Cf .
5.
E(k)
Cf , x'x x 1,x k k (0,1) .
6.
N lim E(k) .
k 0
x
x
x
u t dt 2 du .
t
u
u
t 1 u x , t x u 1 .
x
1
x
1 x
u
x
f (u)
du .
f dt f (u) 2 du
t
t
x
u
u

1
x
1
1.
1
1
f (u)
du,x 0 .
, f (x) 2 2
2 2x
u
1
f (u)
f (0, ) ,
(0, ) ,
u
x
f (u)
1
1
du
(0, ) .
(0,
)
1 u
2 2x 2
mathematica -258
f (0, ) f (x)
1 2f (x)
,x 0 .
x3
x
2.
g(x) lnx x 2f(x),x 0 (0, ) ,

1
1
1 2f (x)
g(x) 2xf (x) x 2f (x) 2xf (x) x 2 3
x
x
x
x
1
1
g(x) 2xf (x) 2xf (x) 0 . g (0, ) .
x
x
3.
x 1 f (1) 0 . g ,
x1
x 0 g(x) c,c R. , g(x) c ln x x f (x) c c 0

2
ln x x2f (x) 0 f (x)

f (x)
ln x
,x 0
x2
ln x
,x 0 .
x2
4.

ln x
lim f (x) lim 2 . x 0 Cf
x0
x0
x
-

1
ln
x
1
lim f (x) lim 2 lim x lim 2 0.
x
x
x DLH x 2x x 2x
xx Cf . Cf
, .

lnx
1

f (x)
lnx
1
lim
lim x lim 3 lim x2 lim 3 0.
x x
x
x
x DLH x 3x x 3x
x
1

ln x
1
lim f (x) x lim f (x) lim 2 lim x lim 2 0 .
x
x
x
x DLH x 2x x 2x
0
mathematica -259
y x 0x 0 0 , xx
Cf . , 1.
y
y
f x
ln x
f x 2
x
x
x
x=1
x=k
1
5.
ln x
x2
x (0,1] f (x) 0 .
1
( 2), E() f (x) dx f (x)dx
lnx
1
ln
1
1
lnx
lnx 1
2 dx lnxdx
2 dx

1 .
x
x
x x
x x
ln
1 1 ln
1
1 ln
1
lim E() lim

lim ( 1 ln) .
0
0
6.
E()
149

f : (0, ) R x 0
1 2f (t)
f (x) 3
dt.
t
t
1
x
ln x
,x 0.
x2
2.
f .
3.
E() Cf ,
1
x'x x x 0 ,
e
lim E() lim E().
1.
f (x)
4.
, R
x3 x 2 ln x
lim
0.
2
x
x
: . ( )
mathematica -260
1 2f t
(0, ),
t3
t
x
1 2f t
3
dt (0, ) .
t
t
1
1.
x 1 2f t
1 2f x
1
f x 3
dt f x 3
f x x 2 2xf x
t
t
x
x
x
1
f x x2 ln x f x x2 ln x c,x (0, ),c R .
f 1 0
ln x
f x x2 ln x f x 2 ,x 0 . .
x
2.
f (0, )
ln x x 2xln x x 1 2ln x
f x 2
.
x4
x4
x
f x 0 x e f x 0 x e f x 0 x e.
f . ,
x 0
e
, f
f (x)
+ 0
(0, e] [ e, ) .
f (x)
:
1
A1 (lim f x ,f e ] ( , ]
x0
2e
1
A 2 ( lim f x ,f e ] (0, ] .
x
2e
1
1
1
f A A1 A 2 ( , ] (0, ] ( , ] .
2e
2e
2e
3.
f f x 0 x 1
f x 0 0 x 1 . ,
mathematica -261
1
e
:x=0
1
e
ln x
E f x dx 2 dx
x
1
e
1
e
1
e
f x
1
1
ln x
E ln xdx
dx
2
x
x
x
:x
1
e
ln 1
ln
1
e
e
x
ln 1
E
.
lnx
x2
:x=1/e
1
1
e
1
e
E f x dx f x dx
1
e
ln 1
.
:x=1/e
f x
ln x
x2
:x=
f x
ln x
x2
E f x dx f x dx
1
e
x
:x=1/e
ln x
ln x
2 dx 2 dx
x
x
1
1
1
e
1
ln 1
ln 1
ln x 1 ln x 1

1
1 2
.
x 1 x
x 1
x
e
mathematica -262
:x=
1
ln 1
,
0
ln 1 1
, 1 .
E
ln 1
2 , 1
ln 1
1
, lim E lim
lim ln 1
0
0
ln 1
ln 1
lim E lim 2
lim 2
2

ln 1 lim 1 0.
ln 1
lim
lim
x3 x2 ln x
ln x
lim
lim x 2 lim f x x .
4.
2
x
x
x
x
x
, R ,
,
ln x
2
f x
ln
x
ln
x
1
lim
lim x lim 3 lim
lim 3 0
x
x x
x x
x
x
x3 x 3x
lnx lim 1 0.
lnx
lim f x x lim f x lim 2 lim
x
x
x x
x
x 2x 2
x2
150

g : R R f :
R R . , x R f (x) 0 g(x) 0 .
xg( x)
F(x)
t
f
dt .
g(x)
1.
x R F(x) g(x) f (u)du .

0
2.
F , f (x) e
3.
x R F(x) x , g(0)f (0) 1 .
4.
F(1)g(2) F(2)g(1) .
: . ( )
g(x) ex .
mathematica -263
:
t
1
1.
u
du
dt t 0
g(x)
g(x)
u 0, t xg(x) u x
xg(x)
F(x)
2.
xg(x)
t 1
f
dt g(x) f (u)du .
g(x) g(x)
0
x
f (x) e x ,g(x) ex . ,
x
F(x) e
t
f
dt g(x)
g(x)
e dt e [e
x
t x
0
] ex (e x 1) 1 ex . F(x) ex 1,x R.
3.
x R F(x) x g(x) f (u)du x.

0
x
x R g(x) 0
f (u)du
0
h(x) f (u)du
0
x
.
g(x)
x
,x R . x R
g(x)
x
h(x) 0. f R , f (u)du
0
x
R . ,
R ,
g(x)
x
. h(x) f (u)du
0
x
,x R
g(x)
g(x) xg(x)
,x R .
g 2 (x)
h(0) 0 . x R h(x) h(0) ,
g(0)
Fermat , h(0) 0 f (0) 2
0
g (0)
g(0) 0
f (0)g 2 (0) g(0)
2
f
(0)g
(0)
g(0)
g(0)
f
(0)g(0)
0
0

g 2 (0)
f (0)g(0) 1 .
R h(x) f (x)
F(x)
F(x)
F(x)
f (t)dt
4.

f (x) 0.
g(x) 0
g(x)
g(x)
F(2) F(1)
R,
F(2)g(1) F(1)g(2).
g(2) g(1)
x
mathematica -264
151
f : 0, 2 R f (x) x2
f (x)
x 0, 2 g :[0, 2] R g(x)
,x 0, 2
x
[0, 2 ) . f ( ) f ( ) 0.
1.
g(0).
2.
x 2
: f (x)
x 0, 2 .
2x
1
: xf (x)dx .
6
0
3.
:
g ,
1.
0

0
f (x)
xf (x) f (x)
f (x) xf (x) f (x)
g(0) lim g(x) lim
lim
lim
2
x0
x0
x
2x
x x0
DLH x0
x2 1
xf (x)
lim
lim
x0
2x x0 2 2
2.
t (0, 2) ,
f (t) t 2 2tf (t) 2tt 2
2tf (t)dt
2tf (t) 2f (t)dt t 2

x
2tt
2xf (x) 2 f ( ) 2 f (x)
x 2
x2
.
2
xf (x) f (x) x2
x (0, 2) g(x)
x2
2x 2
x(0, 2 )
x2
2
g(x) 0
0 x 0 x
2x2
0 x 0 x2 x2 0 g(x) 0
2xf (x) 2f (x) x2 xf (x) f (x)
x 2 x2 2 x2 0 g(x) 0
mathematica -265
, ,
, g
(0, ]
x 0
g(x)
[ , 2].
g(x)
.M
x g( ) 0.
x (0, 2) g(x) g( )
2xf (x) x2 2f (x) ,
x(0, 2 )
f (x)
0 f (x) 0.
x
x(0, 2 )
f (x) 0 2f (x) 0 2xf (x) x 0 2xf (x) x2 f (x)

2
3.
2xf (x) 2f (x) x2 2xf (x) 2x2f (x) xx2 . ,
2xf (x)dx 2x f (x)dx xx dx 2x f (x)

2
6 xf (x)dx
0
x2
.
2x
4xf (x)dx
0
1
x 2
0
2
1
1
x2 6 xf (x)dx ( 1 1)
0
2
2
0
6 xf (x)dx 1
0
xf (x)dx 6 .
0
152
erxmer
f : R R
f (x) 0 x R f (0) 1.
2x f (t)
dt ,x 0
g(x) x t
ln2
,x 0
g(x)
1.
N f (x)
f (2x) x 0
ln2
g(x)
f (2x)
f (x) x 0.
ln2
2.
g x0 0.
3.
g
: . ( ...)
:
1.
f(x) 0 x R f
R. x 0 x t 2x, f R,
mathematica -266
f (x) f (t) f (2x)
. , (*)
t
t
t
2x
2x
2x f (x)
f (t)
f (2x)
dt
dt
dt. ,

x
t
t
t
x
x
f (x) f (t) f (2x)
f (x)
2x
x
1
dt
t
2x
2x
f (t)
1
2x
x t dt f (2x) x t dt f (x)[lnt]x
2x
f (t)
dt f (2x)[lnt]2x
x
t
2x
f (t)
dt f (2x)ln 2 .
t
x
x 0 2x t x 0, f R,
f (2x) f (t) f (x)
f (2x) f (t) f (x)
. ,
t
t
t
x
x
x
x
x f (2x)
x 1
f (t)
f (x)
f (t)
1
2x t dt 2x t dt 2x t dt f (2x)2x t dt 2x t dt f (x)2x t dt
f (x)ln 2
f (t)
f (t)
x
f (2x)[ln t ]
dt f (x)[ln t ]2x
f (2x)ln 2
dt f (x)ln 2
t
t
2x
2x
x
2x
2x
f (t)
dt f (x)ln 2.
t
x
(*) f ,g [,] x [,]
f (x) g(x)
f (2x)ln 2
f (x) g(x) 0 f (x) g(x) dx 0 f (x) g(x)dx.

2.
x 0 f (x)ln2 g(x) f (2x)ln2

f (0)1
lim(f
(x)ln 2) lim(f
(2x)ln 2) f (0)ln 2 ln 2.
x 0
x 0
limg(x)
ln 2.
x0
, x 0 f (2x)ln2 g(x) f (x)ln2.

limg(x)
ln 2 , limg(x) ln2 g(0) ,
x0
x0
g x0 0.
2x f (t)
x f (t)
f (t)
dt
dt
dt
x
0
0
t
t
t
f (t)
(,0) (0, ) ,

t
f (2x) f (x) f (2x) f (x)
.
(,0) (0, ), g(x) 2
2x
x
x
x 0 2x x f (2x) f (x) ( f )
3.
g(x)
2x
mathematica -267
g(x) 0 . g 0, .
x 0 2x x f (2x) f (x)
( f ) g(x) 0
x
g(x)
+
0
0
g(x)
9
g ,0
, .
g x0 0, g ( , ).
+
9
153

x
4
f : R R f x
dt , x R.
0 1 f 2 t
1.
2.
f R .
Cf
.
3.
f
Cf , Cf 1 .
4.
Cf , Cf 1 .
:
1.
f R ,
4
R
1 f 2 (t)
x
4
0 1 f 2 (t) dt
R , f R
4
f (x)
.
1 f 2 (x)
4
0 , x R f (x) 0 . f
x R
1 f 2 (x)
4
R ,
R
1 f 2 (t)
.
8f (x)f (x)
f R f (x)
.
2
2
1 f (x)
.
2.
f (x)
4
0 x R f
1 f 2 (x)
R
f (x) 0
8f (x)f (x)
1 f
mathematica -268
(x)
f (x) 0
f 11
0 f (x) 0 f (0) x 0
f (x) 0
8f (x)f (x)
1 f
(x)
f (x) 0
0 8f (x) 0 f (x) 0 f (0) x 0 .
f (x) 0 x 0 .
, f
( ,0] [0, ) .
M(0,f(0)) (0,0)
.
x
f (x)
+
3
f (x)
0
0
.
3.
x R f (x) 0. f
R , 1 1 , . f (0) 0 ,
x 0 f (x) 0.
f9
f9
x 0 f (x) f (0) f (x) 0 , x 0 f (x) f (0) f (x) 0.
f (x)
4
f (x) f (x)f 2 (x) 4
2
1 f (x)
1
1
(f (x) f 3 (x)) (4x) f (x) f 3 (x) 4x c .
3
3
f (0) 0
1 3
1
x 0 f (0) f (0) 40 c c 0 . f (x) f 3 (x) 4x.
3
3
f ,
f (x) x f 1 (x) f (x) B A f (A) . (*)
1
1
1
f (x) x f (x) f 3 (x) x x 3 4x x x 3 12x 3x x 3
3
3
3
3
x 9x 0 x(x 3)(x 3) 0
x 0 x 3 x 3.
Cf ,Cf 1 A(3,3),O(0,0),B( 3, 3) .
(*) x0 B f (x) f 1 (x). x 0

f 1 (x) x, f 1 (x0 ) x0 . f (x0 ) f 1 (x0 ). (1)
f 1 (x0 ) x0 f 1 (x0 ) x0 f 1 (x0 ) x0 .
f 1 (x0 ) x0 (2) , f
f f 1 (x0 ) f (x0 ) x0 f (x0 ) (1),(2) .
f 1 (x0 ) x0 (3) , f
f f 1 (x0 ) f (x0 ) x0 f (x0 ) (1),(3) .
, f 1 (x0 ) x0 .
mathematica -269
x0 B f 1 (x) x, f 1 (x0 ) x0
f f 1 (x0 ) f (x0 ) x0 f ( x0 ). f (x0 ) f 1 (x0 ). f (x) x
f 1 (x) f (x) B A f (A).

3
4.
f (x) f
(x) dx
Cf ,Cf 1 . f [0, )
y x A(3,3),O(0,0) Cf
y x [0, ) , f 1 y x
[0, ) .
3
y x ( ), E
f (x) f
(x) dx 2 f 1 (x) x dx.

3
, f R , f 1
R.
x x3
x2 1
0.
g(x) ,x R , g R g(x)
4 12
4 4
x R g(x) 0 , g R,
1 1.
g lim g(x), lim g(x) ( , ).

x
f (x) f 3 (x)
x , g(f (x)) x f (x) g 1 (x).

,
4
12
f g , R. .
f (x) f 3 (x)
f (f 1 (x)) f 3 (f 1 (x))
x x3
1
1
f (x) f (x) ,x R.
4
12
4
12
4 12
1
f
y
y=x
3
3
x ( x)
x x
1
1
f ( x)
f (x)
4
12
4 12
:x=0
x R

( ),
:x=-3
:x=3
y=f(x)
f 1 (x)
mathematica -270
x x3
4 12
x x3
E 2 f (x) x dx 4 f (x) x dx 4 x f (x) dx 4 x dx
4 12
3
0
0
0
3
3x x 3
3x 2 x4
3 3 34
27 27 427 27
4
dx 4
4 4

..
4
12
8
48
8
48
8
16
16
4
0
0
3
154

f ,g : R R :
f g R.
f t dt g t dt
f t dt
2
0
x
0
2 x
g t dt x2 2x , x R.
1.
: f ,g
(0,2).
2.
f(0) f(2) g(0) g(2).
3.
x 0 0,2 f x0 g 2 x0 .
4.
0,2 f g 2 2.
:
x
F(x) f (t)dt,x R G(x) g(t)dt,x R.
1.
F(0) G(0) 0 F(2) f (t)dt g(t)dt G(2).

o H(x) F(x) G(x),x [0,2].
H [0,2] .
H (0,2) .
H(0) H(2) 0 , Rolle x1 (0,2)
H(x1 ) 0 F(x1 ) G(x1 ) 0 f(x1 ) g(x1 ) 0 f(x1 ) g(x1 ).

f
h(x) f (x) g(x) . , R f () f ().

g
g() g() g() g(). ,

h() h() , h R . h(x) 0
. x1 (0,2), h(x1 ) 0 , x1
h(x) 0 .
, f ,g
(0,2) .
:
x x1
mathematica -271
x x1 f (x) f (x1 ) g(x1 )

g(x) g(x1 ) f (x1 ) f (x)
g
x x g(x) g(x ) f (x )
1
1
1
x x1
f (x) f (x1 ) g(x1 )
1
g(x) g(x1 ) f (x1 ) f (x)
g
x x g(x) g(x ) f (x )
1
1
1
x x1 (0,2) f (x) g(x) 0 ,
f g .
k(x) f (t)dt
2.
2 x
g(t)dt x
2x,x R.
x R k(x) 0 . k(0) 0
2
k(2) f (t)dt g(t)dt f (t)dt g(t)dt 0.

Fermat k(0) 0 k(2) 0.
k(x) f(x) g(2 x) 2x 2,x R
k(0) 0 f(0) g(2) 2 0 (1) k(2) 0 f(2) g(0) 2 0, (2)
(1) (2)
f(0) g(2) f(2) g(0) 0 f(0) f(2) g(0) g(2).
3.
s(x) f (x) g(2 x),x [0,2].
s [0,2]
(1)
(2)
s(0) f (0) g(2) 2 0 s(2) f (2) g(0) 2 0.

Bolzano x0 (0,2)
s(x0 ) 0 f(x0 ) g(2 x0 ) 0 f(x0 ) g(2 x0 ).
4.
s [0,2] .
s (0,2) . MT
s(2) s(0) (1),(2) 2 ( 2)
(0,2) s()
2.
20
2
s(x) f (x) g(2 x) , s() 2 f () g(2 ) 2.
155

f [0,1]
1
f (x)
g(x)
t t 2dt
2
1.
f(x)dx 0. :
f (x) f (x) 2.
2
mathematica -272
2.
(0,1]
(t)dt 6 2 3.
x0 0,1
3.
x02
f(t)dt 2x f(x ).
2
0
:
:
1.
t 2 t 2 t [2,1]
f (x)
0 [2,1] g(x)
t 2 t 2dt
x [0,1] 2 f (x) 1 f (x) 2 0, f (x) 1 0,

(f (x) 2)(f (x) 1) 0 f 2 (x) f (x) 2.
x
h(x) f 2 (t)dt x 2 6x 3, x [0,1]
2.
0
1
h , h(0) 3 0 h(1) f 2 (t)dt 2 0.

0
(1)
f 2 (x) f (x) 2 f 2 (x) f (x) 2 0 ,
1
(x)dx f (x)dx 2dx f 2 (x)dx 2 ,
0
1
f (x)dx 0.
0
1
f (x)dx 2 h(1) 0 1 ,
2
(x)dx 2
(x)dx 2 0 h(0)h(1) 0 Bolzano
(0,1) h() 0 . h(x) 0 (0,1].

x2
2
x
x
2xf (x )e e f (t)dt
f (t)dt
x2
0
2xf (x 2 ) f (t)dt 0
0 0 x 0
2x
e
e
0
x2
3.
x2
(x)
f (t)dt
0
ex
, x [0,1]
mathematica -273

x2
[0,1] (x)
exf (x 2 )2x ex f (t)dt

0
2x
x2
2xf (x 2 ) f (t)dt
0
x
e
e
(0) (1) 0 , Rolle ,
x0 (0,1) (x0 ) 0 2x0f (x0 2 )
x0 2
f (t)dt 0.
0
156

x 0 f f (x) 0
x 0 , ,
1
x f (x t)
f [f (x) 4]dx 6x
dt x 0 .
0
0
et
:
[f (x) 4]dx 0 .
1
1.
2.
f (x) 3x2 6x x [0, ) .
3.
f .
4.
f 1 (x)dx 5 .
:
:
1.
x t u , dt du .
t 0 u x t x u 0
x
0
x u
x
f (x t)
f (u)
e f (u)
1 u
dt xu du
du x e f (u)du .

x
x
e
e
e
e 0
0
x
0
1
1
f ( (f (x) 4)dx) 6x x euf (u)du
e 0
0
1
e f ( (f (x) 4)dx) 6xe euf (u)du.

x
0
1
x 0 e f ( (f (x) 4)dx) e f (u)du f ( (f (x) 4)dx) 0.

0
2.
f ( (f (x) 4)dx) 0 euf (u)du 6xex .
mathematica -274
6xe x [0, ) euf (u) [0, ) ,

x
e f (u)du
u
[0, ) .
0
ex 0
f (x)e 6e 6xe f (x) 6 6x f (x) 6x 3x 2 c,c R.

x 0 f (0) c. f (x) 0, c 0. ,
x
1
0 f (f (x) 4)dx f (6x 3x 2 c 4)dx f 3x 2 x 3 cx 4x
0
0
0 f (3 1 c 4) f (c).
c 0
x c f (c) 0 6c 3c2 c 0 c(3c 7) 0 c 0 .

f (x) 3x2 6x,x 0 , .
3.
x [0, ) f (x) 6 6x 0 .
f [0, ) , 1 1 ,
. f (0) 0 lim f (x) lim 3x2 .
x
f [0, ).
f 1 [0, ).
y
f (x) y 3x2 6x y x 2 2x 1 1
3
x 0
y0
y3
y3
x 1
x
3
3
x3
f 1 (x)
1,x 0 .
3
x 1
4.
y3
1,y 0
3
9
x3
x3
9
, f (x)dx
1 dx x 0
dx
3
3
0
0
0
9
3
3 2 (x 3)3
1
0 f (x)dx 9 3 0 x 3dx 9 3 3
0
9
1
f (x)dx 9
2 3( 123 33 )
2 3(24 3 3 3)
9
9
9
423
42
9
9 14 5.
9
3
0
9
(x)dx 9
4. ,
125 147.
157
mathematica -275
et
f : R R , f (x) t
dt,x R.
10
1
x
1.
f R f (x).
2.
f (x) 0 R .
3.
f
.

z z i z 1 ,
Cf .
f (x)
lim
.
x 0 3x
: . - . ( )
4.
5.
:
t2
e
et
f x t
dt t
dt
10
1
10
1
x
0
1.
et
0 10t 1 dt .
et
g t t
R ,
10 1
2
x
et
F x t
dt R.
10 1
0
h x x R
x
et
0 10t 1 dt R, F x x , f
R,
x
x et
et
ex
ex
f x t
dt t
dt x
.
10 1
10 1 10 x 1
10
1
0
0
ex
ex
2.
f x x
0 . x R
10 1 10 x 1
f x 0 , f R . ,
2
et
f 0 t
dt 0 , x0 0 f x 0
10 1
0
( ).
3.
,
2
2
2
2
2
e
ex
ex
ex
ex
ex 10x
f x x
x
x
1
10 1 10 x 1 10x 1
10
1
10
1
1
10x
x2
mathematica -276
x
x
ex ex 10x 10 1e
x2
f (x)
e
10x 1
10x 1
f R ,
2
2xe
f x e
x2
x2
2e x 0
. f x 0 2xe 0 x 0.
x2
f 0, f 0,
2
f x 0 2xe 0
x2
2ex 0,xR
x 0 f ,0 f
,0 .
,

x0 0 ,
O 0,0
f .
x
f (x)
4
f (x)
0
0
.
+
3
f O 0,0 Cf
4.
f 0 0,f 0 e0 1
y f 0 f 0 x 0
: y x .
z
z i z 1 z i z 1 z i z 1 z i z 1
AB A 0, 1 B 1,0
: y x.
limf x lim 3x 0 f ,h x 3x
5.
x 0
x 0
R
2
f x
ex
e0
1
De L'Hospital : lim
lim
x0
3x x0 33x 30 3
lim
x0
f x
f x
1
lim
.
3x x0 3x 3
158

f : R R R f g
g(x) f (xt)dt.
1
1.
x f (t)dt
0
, x0
g g(x)
x
x0
f (0),
2.
g .
mathematica -277
3.
g R f 0 R .
4.
5.
x 0 0
x f (t)
f
dt.
0 x
g .
6.
x0 0,1
x0
f (t)dt 2x0f (x0 ).
:
1.
:
u xt du xdt t 0 u 0, t 1 u x .
1
1
1
x 0 g(x) f (xt)(xdt) g(x) f (u)du
x0
x0
x f (t)dt
0
, x0.
x 0 g(0) f (0)dt f (0), g(x)
x
0
x0
f (0),
1
2.
x 0 , g x
f (u)du f
. x 0 ,
0
x
f (u)du
0

0
f (x)
f (0) g(0).
x0
x 0
DLH x 0 1
x
g x 0 , R.
g(0) f (0) limg(x) lim 0
3.
lim
x 0, g
x
x
f (t)dt xf (x) f (t)dt

0

g(x) 0
.
2
x
x
1
f (t)dt f (0)
x 0
g(x) g(0)
lim
x 0, lim
x 0
x 0
x
x
x
f (t)dt xf (0)
lim 0
x0
mathematica -278
0

0
f (x) f (0) 1
f (0) , x 0.
DLH x0
2x
2
lim
xf (x) f (t)dt
0
,x 0
2
g(x)
x
f (0)
,x 0
2
4.
F(t) f (u)du [0,x] x 0 ,

0
(0,x), F(t) f (t) ,

(0,x) F()
F(x) F(0)
F(x)
f (u)
f ()
du.
x
x
x
0
x
5.
x 0 g(x)
xf (x) f (t)dt
x
0
2
(4) f ()x f (u)du , ,

0
xf (x) xf () f (x) f ()
g(x)
0 x f .
x2
x
g [0, ).
x
x 0 g(x)
xf (x) f (t)dt
x
0
2
.
x
f (u)
du xf () f (t)dt
(x,0) f ()
x
0
0
xf (x) xf () f (x) f ()
g(x)
0. x f .
x2
x
,
x
0
, g ( ,0]
g(x)
+ 0
[0, ).
g(x)
9 .M 0
x0 0 g(0) f (0).
x
6. f (t)dt 2xf (x) f (t)dt 2xf (x) 0 f (t)dt 2x f (t)dt 0

1
1
1
1
x
x
x
1
x
f (t)dt f (t)dt 0
f (t)dt x f (t)dt 0
2
2x 1
1
2 x 1
x
mathematica -279
f
(t)dt
x
f
(t)dt
2 x 1
1
q(x) x f (t)dt,x [0,1].

1
q [0,1] , (0,1)
f (t)dt xf (x) .
2 x 1
q(0) q(1) 0 , Rolle
q(x)
x0 (0,1) q(x0 ) 0
1
2 x0
x0
f (t)dt
x0
x 0 f (x 0 ) 0 f (t)dt 2x 0f (x 0 ).
159
7

f x t t dt x 0,
2
0

1.
f 0.
2
2.
f , ,
.
1 f 1
.
3.
n 1 , f
n
n
f (t t)7 dt u t du dt .
2
2 0
t 0 u ,t u 0
2
2
1.
f (( u) ( u))7 ( du) (u u)7 du

2
2
2
0
0
f (u u)7 du f , f ( ) 0 .
2
2
2
0
2.

(x x)7 0, ,
2
mathematica -280
x
x
x f (t)dt x f (t)dt 0 x f (t)dt 0

1
1
1
7

f x t t dt 0, ,
2
0

f (x) (x x)7 . f ( ) 0 . f (x) 0, ,
4
2
f (x) 7(x x)6 0, x .. f [0, ].

4
2
x
x f (x) f ( ) 0 .
0
4
2
4
4
f
(x)
0
+
f f .
f (x) . 0 . 9 .

f [ , ]
4 2
x f (x) f 0. f [0, ] .
4
4
4
x1 0 x 2 f (0) f 0
2
2
f ( ) (x x)7 dx.
4
4
0
f (x) 7(x x)6 0, x f [0, ]

4
2
.
x

1 1
f 0, , 0, , ,1
2
n n
1 , , f
1
1
, , x1 0, ,x 2 ,1
n
n
1
1
1
f f (0)
f (1) f
f (1) f
n
1
n n
n.
f (x1 )
nf f (x 2 )
1
1
n1
n
1
n
n
f
1
f
(1)
f
n
f 9
1

x1 x 2 f (x1 ) f (x 2 ) nf n
n1
n
1 1
1
1
nf f f (1) f nf f (1).
n n
n
n
3.
mathematica -281
160
f : R R
x
f x 5x 1 f u x u du , x R.
0
1.
f
f x f x , x R.
x
3.
f t f t e dt 0 x R.
f x f x e 4.
4.
5.
f .
f 1 1 .
2.
1.
f x 5x 1 f u x u du f x 5x 1 x f u du uf u du.
x
f 0 1 . f R , f u du.
0
R . ,
uf u du R
0
5x 1 . R . f R
x
f x 5 f u du.
0
f 0 5 . f R ,
x
f u du R . f R f x f (x).
0
2.
f t f t e dt
t
f t f t x
f t f t e dt 0 e dt 0 .
0
f t f t e dt 0 .
t
3.
g(x) (f (x) f (x))ex ,x R.

f (x)f (x)
0.
g R g(x) (f (x) f (x))ex (f (x) f (x))e x
g . x R g(x) c,c R.
mathematica -282
x 0 g(0) c (f (0) f (0))e0 c c 4.

g(x) 4 (f (x) f (x))ex 4 .
4.
(f (x) f (x))ex 4 ,
f (x) f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
2x
2x
4e
2e
2e2x c,c R.
x
x
x
e
e
e
f (0)
x 0 0 2e0 c 1 2 c c 3 .
e
x
f (x) 2e 3ex . .
5.
f R f (x) 2e x 3ex .
x R f (x) 0 . f
R , 1 1 . .
f , f 1 .
lim f (x) lim 2e x 3ex lim f (x) lim 2e x 3ex .
x
f R.
2
3ex y 3e2x ye x 2 0 .
x
e
x
2
e t 3t yt 2 0. y 2 24 0 .
f (x) y 2e x 3ex y
y y 2 24
y y 2 24
x
t1,2
.
. e
6
6
y y 2 24
x
x
x R e 0 , e
,
6
y y 2 24
y y 2 24
y y 2 24
x
.
x ln
0 . e
6
6
6
x x2 24
1
f (x) ln
,x R .
161

f :[,] R f () 2f () :
f (x) 2f 2 (x) 4f (x) 4 x [,] . :
1.
2.
H f .
f () 0 .
3.
4.
f (x)dx ln2 .
f () 1 , :
. f
mathematica -283
. f ,
.
: 67 xgastone
:
1.
, f x f 2 x f x 2 ,
2
x , f x 0, f , .
f
2.
f f f 2f f 0.
3.
x f x f 0 . f x 0.
f x f 2 x f x 2 , x ,
2
f x f 2 x
f x
f x
f x
f x 0.
f x
f x
f x
f x
f x f x dx 0 f x dx f x dx 0 lnf x f x dx
lnf lnf f x dx ln 2f lnf f x dx ln 2 f x dx.

4.
. f x f 2 x f x 2 , x ,
2
f x 2f x f (x) 2 f x 2 f (x) 2f (x)(2f (x) 2) 4f (x)(f (x) 1).
x [,] f () 1. , f
f
, , x f x f 1 .
f (x) 1 0, 4f (x)(f (x) 1) 0. , x [,]
f x 0, f [,].
. 3 A x1 ,f x1 ,B x2 ,f x2 , x3 ,f x3 Cf
x1 x2 x3 .
f [,] (,),
x1 ,x2 x2 ,x 3 , x1 x2 x3 .
1 x1 ,x2 2 x2 ,x3 :
f 1
f x3 f x2
f x2 f x1
AB f 2
B
x2 x1
x3 x2
mathematica -284
AB B f 1 f 2 , , f
f 1 f 2 .
f ,
.
162
f 0,1 0,1 .
1.
2.
f t dt 1.
f t dt 2x 1
x0 0,1 .
3.
x 0 (2)
Cf , x'x
x 0 x x0 0,5 ..
4.
f t dt 2x
x
x 0,1 .
:
1.
f (x) 1 f (x) 1 0,x [0,1] .
f ,

2.
f (x) 1 dx 0 f (x)dx dx f (x)dx 1.
f [0,1],
x
f (t)dt [0,1]. , 2x 1
0
x
[0,1], g(x) f (t)dt 2x 1, x [0,1]

0
[0,1]. , (.1) . g(1) f (t)dt 1 0. ,

0
0
g(0) f (t)dt 1 1 0, g(0)g(1) 0.

0
Bolzano (0,1)
g(x) f (x) 2 0 , f (x) 1, x [0,1] ,
, (0,1) .
3.
x0
f (x) 0 x0
f (x) dx
f (x)dx 2 . , (2)
mathematica -285

x0
g(x0 ) 0 f (t)dt 2x 0 1 , 2x0 1

0
4.
1
3
x0 .
2
4
x
f [0,1], f (t)dt
0
[0,1]. h() f (t)dt , [0,x], 0 x 1

0
[0,1]. h [0,x] 0 x 1,
(0,x), (0,x)
h(x) h(0)
h(x)
f ()
f (x) 1 2, x [0,1]
h()
x
x
h(x)
2 h(x) 2x x (0,1).
163
1.
2.
3.
x 0
x xlnx 0.
f (x) x lnx, x 0 0 , ()
f , f ,
() .
ln x
F(x)
(e
et)dt.
4.
e
0 (et et)dt 1 .
2
1
:
x0
1.
x xlnx 0 x 1 lnx 0 lnx 1 x e.
x xlnx 0 x e.
f x x lnx,x 0
f x 1 f x 2 0 x 0.
x
x
x 0, f
,
( ).
2.
3.
et et R, .
mathematica -286
1 R,
et dt R.
1
x
e et R,
t
et dt
R. lnx (0, ) ,
ln x
F x
et dt
et dt lnx . ,
ln x t
1 x eln x
F x e et dt eln x eln x
,x 0 .
x
x
1
g x x elnx,x 0.
g x e
e xe
g x 1
. g x 0 x e
x
x
x 0
g x 0 x e . ,
g(x)
g (0,e]
g(x)
[e, ) .
e
0
.M
x e g e e elne 0
x 0 . g x g e 0.
x 0 F x 0 x e. , F
0, .
4.
0 0 e e0 e 1 F e F 1
F . ,
lne
F 1 e
F e
ln1
1
lne
et dt e et dt
1
lne
et dt e t et dt
1
et 2
e
e
e t et dt e t
1 0 e 1 .
2 1
2
2
164

f : R R x R
x
4
f x 2
dt.
f
t
0
mathematica -287
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
f R
f ,
.
f 3 x 3f x 12x.
f x x.
x -2
x +2
f (x)
f x dx.
:
-2
0
2
+
- 0 +
- 0 +
+
+
x
+ - 4 - 0 +
4
dt
R, f (x) 2
f (t) 1
f 2 (x) 1
0
f(x)
9 0
0 . 9
4
f (x) 2
f
f (x) 1
4(f 2 (x) 1)
8f (x)f (x)
f (x) 2
.
(f (x) 1)2
(f 2 (x) 1)2
1.
2.
x R f (x)
4
0 , f
f (x) 1
2
R .
f ( x) 0
8f (x)f (x)
0 8f (x)f (x) 0 f (x) 0 (1) .

, f (x) 0 2
(f (x) 1)2
f (0) 0 f (x) 0, x0 0
f (x) 0. f (x) 0 x0 0.
f
f R , x 0 f (x) f (0) 0.
f
x 0 f (x) f (0) 0.
,
f (x) 0
f
8f (x)f (x)
f (x) 0 2
8f
(x)f
(x)
f
(x)
f
(0)
x 0.
(f (x) 1)2
f (x) 0 x 0.
, f
( , 0] [0, ) .
x0 0
f (0) 0 .
x
f (x)
+
f (x)
0
0
.
_
4
O(0,0)
f .
mathematica -288
4
f 2 (x)f (x) f (x) 4
f (x) 1
2
3f (x)f (x) 3f (x) 12 (f 3 (x) 3f (x)) (12x), x R
f 3 (x) 3f (x) 12x c,c R f (0) 0 , c 0 .
f 3 (x) 3f (x) 12x, x R.
3.
f (x)
4.
f (x) x x 0, x0 0
f (x0 ) x0 f 3 (x) 3f (x) 12x
f 3 (x0 ) 3f (x0 ) 12x0 x03 3x0 12x0 x03 9x0 0 x0 0,

x02 9 0 , f (x) x
x 0.
5.
g(x) x3 3x f 3 (x) 3f (x) 12x, x R

g(f (x)) 12x g(x) 3x2 3 0 g R

g(R) ( lim g(x), lim g(x)) ( , )
x
R g(f (x)) 12x f (x) g 1 (12x) f

g 1 g R ,
f ( )
f 1 R f 3 (x) 3f (x) 12x, x R
f 3 (f 1 (x)) 3f (f 1 (x)) 12f 1 (x), x R

1
1
x 3 3x 12f 1 (x) f 1 (x) x 3 x, x R.
12
4
6.
Cf ,Cf 1 . f
[0, ) , Cf y x [0, ) ,
f 1 y x [0, ).
1, 2
Cf ,Cf 1 y x.
y
y=x
y=x
:x=0
f 1 (x)
x x3
4 12
:x=-3
:x=3
y=f(x)
:x=0
f 1 (x)
x x3
4 12
:x=3
2
mathematica -289
3x x 3
x x3
E 4 f (x) x dx 4 x f (x) dx 4 x dx 4
dx
4
12
4
12
0
0
0
0
3
3x 2 x4
3 3 34
27 27 427 27
4
4( ) 4

..
8
48
8
48
8
16
16
4
0
3
f (x)dx
0
165
E 27
..
4 16

f : , R 0 ,
z
z1 if z 2 if w 1 R .
z2
1.
z1 iz 2 z1 iz 2 .
2.

f x
, .
Rolle g x
x
f
.
x
f x t
lim
dt 1 ,
x a
x
3.
4.
f x 1 , .
:
1.
z1 iz 2 z1 iz 2
z1
z
2
2
i 1 i wi wi wi wi
z2
z2
2i(w w) 0 w w, .
(1)
z1 iz 2 z1 iz 2 if () i if () if () i if ()
if () i f () if () i f () .
, f () i(f () ) f () i(f () )
f () (f () )2 f () (f () )2
2
2
f () (f () )2 f () (f () )2
2
2f () 2f () 2f () 2f () f () 2f ().
, z1 iz 2 z1 iz2
mathematica -290
z1 z1
z 1 z 2 z 1z 2
z2 z2
if () if () if () if () f () f (). H
f (x)
g(x)
,x [,],0 , [,]
x
, x (,)
f ()
f ()
.
g()
g()
f () f ()
g() g().
f () f ()
g Rolle [,] .
(,)
f () f ()
f ()
g() 0
0 f ()
, (,).
2
2.
wR w w
3.
f ,
f ()
xf ()
(x ) y
(2), y f () f ()(x ) y f ()
O(0,0) ,
f
.
4.
x t u , dt du . t u x
x
x
f (x t)
f (u)
f (u)
dt
du
du.
t x u . ,
(x
)(x
t)
(x
)u
(x
)u
g , ,
x
h(x) g(u)du , .
, lim g(u)du h() 0.

x
g(u)du
0

0
f (u)
du lim
lim g( x) g().
x (x )u
x ( x ) DLH x
a
, 1 lim
f ()
1 f () f () f () f () .
h(x) f (x) x,x [,].
g() 1
mathematica -291
h [,] , (,) h() f () 0 ,

h() f () 0 . Rolle x0 (,)
h(x0 ) 0 f (x0 ) 1 0 f (x0 ) 1 .
f (x) 1 (,).
166

f : (0, ) R
f (x) 0 x 0 .
f (x)
1
1
dt :
1,1 , ,2 g(x)
2
1 f (t)
2
1.
g(x) .
2.
g(x) .
3.
x 0 f (f (x)) x , :
. f '(1) 1.
2
. xo (0,1) g'(xo )
.
xo 1
3
. (0,1) f '() .
2
:
1.
x 0 f x 0 f ,
x 0 .
* (1) 121.
f x 0 x 0 f x 0 x 0 .
f x 0 x 0 f 0,
1
1
1 f 1 f 1 2 , .
2
2
f x 0 x 0 f 0, .
h t
11
1
. h t 0 f t 1 f (t) f (1) t 1
1 f t
Dh 0,1 1, . 2 1, f x (1, ),
f
f x 1 f x f 1 x 1. Dg 0,1 .
2.
x 0,1
mathematica -292
1
0,1 ,
1 f (t)
1
dt
2 1 f (t)
0,1 . f 0,1 , g 0,1 ,
,
f x
g x h f x f x
0
1 f f x
f x 1 f f x f 1 f f x 1 f (x) 0
g 0,1 , .
3.
. x 0 f f x x f f x f x 1
f (x) 0
x 1 f (f (1)) f (1) 1 f (1) 1 f (1) 1.

2
. F x f x 2x , x 0 .
1
F ,1 .
2
1
F ,1 F x f x 2.
2
1
F 1 3 F .
2
1
Rolle , x0 ,1 0,1 :
2
f x0
2
F x0 0 f x0 2
1 x0 x0 1
f f x0 x0
f x0
1 f f x0
2
2
g x0
.
x0 1
x0 1
3
. f x0 ,1 f x0 2 1 f (1) .
2
, ... ,
3
x0 ,1 0,1 f .
2
167

f R , :
f (0) 1 f (x) f (x) x [0, ).
1.
x (0, ) f (x) ex .
mathematica -293
2.
x (,0) (0, ) f (t)dt 2 x ex 3,
(0,1) (1, ).
3.
f (t)dt ex x 2
0
(0,1).
1.
:
x (0, ) f x f x f x e x f x e x
f x e x f x e x 0 , f x e x 0 .
g x f x e x x [0, ).
g [0, ) . x (0, )
x 0 g x g 0 f x e x f 0 e0
f x e x 1 f x ex .
2.
x 0
x
x 0
x
x
x
x
f (t)dt 2 e 3 f (t)dt 3 2 e
0
f (t)dt
0
3 2 x ex
.
x
x
f , . h(x) f t dt
0
R , . lim f (t)dt h(0) 0.

x0
0
, lim
f (t)dt
0
x0
0

0
lim f (x) f (0) , f .
DLH x0
0

0
3 2 e
2 x ln ex
lim
, lim
DLH x0
2 ln 1
x0
x
1
f (0) 2ln 1 (1).

x 0 ,
x
f (t)dt 2
x 0
e 3 f (t)dt 3 2 e
x
f (t)dt
0
3 2 x ex
.
x
x
f , . h(x) f t dt
0
mathematica -294
R , . lim f (t)dt h(0) 0 .

x0
0
, lim
x0
f (t)dt
0
0

0
lim f (x) f (0) , f .
DLH x0
0

0
3 2 e
2 x ln ex
, lim
DLH xlim
2 ln 1.
x0
0
x
1
f (0) 2ln 1. (2)

(1) , (2) f (0) 2ln 1. f (0) 1,
1
2 ln 1 1 2ln 2 ln 1 e 1 .
e
x
G x f t dt ex x 2 x 0,1 .
3.
G 0,1
0
G 0 f t dt e0 0 2 1 0
0
G 1 f t dt e 1 2 f t dt e 3 . (.1)
1
f t e f t dt etdt et e 1
1
f t dt e 1 f t dt e 3 2e 4 0
G 0 G 1 0 , Bolzano x1 0,1
x1
x1
G x1 0 f t dt e x1 2 0 f t dt e x1 x1 2.
x1
168

f : [0, ) R ,
1.
f (x) f (x)
f (1) f (1) e
dx
.
0 ex
e
f (0) 0 .
2.
x (0, ) f (x) 1 .
f (0) 1
3.
f (1) 2 , 1 f (x)dx
0
3
.
2
mathematica -295
g(x) f (t) ln f (t) dt,x [0, ) .
4.
. g .
. x (0, ) ef (x) ef (x) .
2
. e
1
dx ln f (x) dx .
f (x)1
: . ( , )
:
f (x) f (x)
f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x)
dx
dx
0 ex
0
ex
1
1.
1
f (x) f (x)
f (x) f (x)
f (x) f (x)
dx
dx
0
0 ex
ex ex
ex
0
0
1
f (1)
f (x) f (x) f (1)
f
(0)
f (0)
ex ex
e
e
0
0
1
f (x) f (x)
f (1) f (1) e
dx

,
x
e
e
0
f (0)1
f (1)
f (1)
f (1) f (1) e
f (0)
f (0)
., f (0) f (0) 1 f (0) 0.
e
e
e
1
2.
f , f .
x 0 f (x) f (0) 0
x 0 . f [0, ) . x 0
f (x) f (0) 1
3.
(2)
1
f (x) 1 f (x) 1 0 (f (x) 1)dx 0 f (x)dx 1

0 x 1 . f [0,x] , (0,x) ,
MT 1 (0,x)
f (x) f (0) f (x) 1
f (1 )
.
x0
x
, f [x,1] , (x,1) , MT
f (1) f (x) 2 f (x)
2 (x,1) f ( 2 )
.
1 x
1 x
0 1 x 2 1 f ,
f (x) 1 2 f (x) x(0,1)
f (1 ) f ( 2 )
x
1 x
mathematica -296
(1 x)(f(x) 1) x(2 f(x)) f(x) 1 xf(x) x 2x xf(x)

f (x) x 1 0 x 1 f (x) 0.
1
x 1 f (x)dx 0 x 1dx f (x)dx 0

0
1
x
3
3
2 x f (x)dx 0 f (x)dx 2 . 1 f (x)dx 2 .
0 0
0
0
2
4.
. g(x) f (t) ln f (t) dt,x [0, ).

1
f [0, ) f (x) 1 , ln(f (x))

.
x
f (t) ln f (t) [0, ) , f (t) ln f (t) dt

1
[0, ) , g [0, )
g(x) f (x) ln(f (x)),x 0. g(x)
f (x)
f (x) 1
f (x)
0.
g(x) f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
g [0, ).
. g [0, ) g
[0, ) . x 0 g(x) g(0) f (x) ln(f (x)) f (0) ln(f (0))
f(x) ln(f(x)) 1 f(x) 1 ln(f(x)) f(x) lne ln(f(x))
f (x) ln(ef (x)) ef (x) ef (x).

. e
f (x)
ef (x)
ef (x)
f (x) ef (x)1 f (x) ef (x)1 f (x) 0.
e
2
f (x)1
f (x) dx 0 e
dx f (x)dx.
f (x)1
g , x 0,
g(x) g(0) 1 . g [0, ).
2
1 2 g(1) g(2) 0 f (x) ln f (x) dx

1
2
0 f (x)dx ln(f (x))dx ln(f (x))dx f (x)dx.

1
ln(f (x))dx f (x)dx ef (x)1dx.
mathematica -297
169

f : (0, ) R
f (1) 1 x2 (f (x) 1) lnx 1 x 0.
ln x
1.
N g(x) f (x)
, x 0
x
(0, ).
2.
N f .
1
x 1
3.
4.
x e1 x x 1.
Cf ,
x'x x 1,x e.
: . - . ( )
:
1.
x2 (f (x) 1) lnx 1,(1). g (0, )

1 ln x x 2f (x) 1 ln x
g (x) f (x)
x2
x2
x2f (x) (ln x 1) (1) x 2f (x) x 2 (f (x) 1)
g(x)
1.
x2
x2
g(x) 1 x (0, ) g(x) x c,c R .
ln1
g(1) 1.
x 1 g(1) f (1)
1
, x 1 c 0 . g(x) x,x 0.
2.
g(x) x f (x)
ln x
ln x
x f (x) x
,x 0 ,
x
x
3.
x 1
1
1
1 x
x 1
x e ln(x ) lne1 x
ln x (1 x)lne
x1
lnx (1 x)(1 x) lnx 1 x2 x2 1 lnx 0 (x 1)(x 1) lnx 0
, x 1 x 1 0,x 1 0 lnx 0.
1
x 1
x 1 x
1
x 1
e1 x x 1 .
x2 1 ln x
x 1 f (x)
0
x2
x 1 3.
4.
f [1, ) .
f
x 1 f (x) f (1) 1.
mathematica -298

y

e
e
e
ln x
E f (x) dx f (x)dx x
dx
x
1
1
1
x
e
e
e
e
1
1
1
E x2 (ln x) ln xdx x 2 ln 2 x x -2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
f x x
-2
0
+
- 0
:x=e
:x=1
- 0 +
+
+ - 0
x +2
f (x)
1 2
1 e2 2
E e 1
..
2
2
2
f(x)
170
lnx
x
2
+
+
+
0 . 9
f (x) ln(ex 1) lnx,x 0 .

1.
x 0 f (x) 0.
2.
f .
x 2
lim f (t)dt .
x
x 1
x2
lim xf (t)dt 0.
x
1
3.
4.
ex 1
1.
x 0 f x ln e 1 ln x ln
.
x
g x ex x 1,x R. g R,
x
, g x ex 1,x R.
g x 0 ex 1 0 ex 1 x 0
g x 0 ex 1 0 ex 1 x 0
, g
0
x
( ,0]
g(x)
0 +
[0, ).
g(x)
0 . 9
x 0, g(0) 0.
x 0
ex 1
ex 1
x
x
g x 1 e x 1 0 e 1 x
1 ln
0 f x 0 .
x
x
2.
f x
ex
1 xex ex 1

ex 1 x
x e x 1
x 0 x ex 1 0, f ,
.
mathematica -299
h x xex ex 1,x 0. h [0, ),

, h x xex ,x 0.
x 0 h x 0 . h [0, ),
h
h [0, ), x 0 h(x) h(0) 0.

h( x)
x 0 h x 0. , f x
0.
x ex 1
f 0, .
3.
x 1 t x 2 f
f x 1 f t f x 2
f x 1
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
f x 1 dt f t dt f x 2 dt
x 2
f t dt f x 2 .
x 1
ex 1
e 1
lim
lim
lim ex .
x
x
x DLH x x
x
e x 1
x
e 1
lnu .
lim f x lim ln
ulim
x
x
, lim f x 1 , lim f x 2 .
x
x 2
, lim
4.
x 0
f t dt .
x 1
1
2
t , f ,
x
x
2
x
2
x
2
x
1
2
1
2
f f t f xf dt xf t dt xf dt
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
e x 1
e 1
1
2
lim
lim ex 1.
f xf t dt f . lim
x0
x0
x DLH x0 x
x 1
x
2
x
0

0
x
u
1
x
e u 1
u
e 1
1
2
limln w 0 lim f 0.
, lim f lim f u lim ln
x
w 1
x
u 0
x u0
x
u
u
2
x
, lim xf t dt 0.
x
mathematica -300
1
x
171

f [1, ) , f (x) 0
x
x 1 . G(x) t 2f (t)dt,x 1
1
x
H(x) tf (t)dt,x 1.
1
1.
2.
F(x)
G(x)

H(x)
(1, ).
P(x) xH(x) G(x),x 1. :
. x 1 P(x) 0.
. P [1, ).
x2
3.
1.
lim
x1
H(x) lntdt
1
.
G(x)(x 1)2
: . ( )
:
G x t 2f t dt [1, )
1
t f t .
2
x
x 2
2
G x t f t dt x f x . H x tf t dt
1
1
[1, ) , tf t
. H x tf t dt xf x .
1
G x
F x
,x 1 1, .
H x
,
G x G x H x G x H x x 2f x H x G x xf x
F x

2
2
H
x
H
x
H
x
x
xf x xH x G x xf x x
2
F x
x
tf
t
dt
t
f
t
dt
1
H2 x
H 2 x 1
x
x
x
xf x
xf x
2
F x 2
xtf t t 2f t dt 2
x tf t dt t f t dt
H x 1
H x 1
1
mathematica -301
xf x x
xf x x
2
F x 2
xtf t t f t dt F x H2 x tf t x t dt (1).
H x 1
1
f x 0
xf x
0 x 1. .
H2 x
1 t x tf t x t 0
(1) x 1 F x 0.
tf t x t dt 0 .
1
F x 1, .
2.
. P x xH x G x ,x 1
[1, ) . ,
P x xH x G x H x xH x G x
P x tf t dt x f x x f x tf t dt 0 x 1 ,
2
1 t x tf t 0 . P x 0 P x
[1, ) .
x [1, ) x 1 P x P 1 0.
x
. P x tf t dt tf t
1
. P x tf t dt xf x 0 x 1.
1
P [1, ).
x
H x ln tdt
ln
tdt
H
x
(2)
1
1
lim
3.
, lim
2
2
x1 G x x 1
x 1 G x x 1

De LHospital ,
x2
mathematica -302
0
tf
t
dt
tf
t
dt
1
1
0
H x
lim xf x 1.
lim
lim x
lim
2
x
DLH x1
x1 G x
x1
x1 x f x
2
2
1 t f t dt
t f t dt
1
0
ln
tdt
1 ln tdt 0 1
ln x 22x
2xln x
lim
lim
lim
lim
2 DLH
2
x1
x1
x1 2 x 1
x1
x
1
x 1
x 1
2
x2
xln x
2 lim
x1
x 1
2 lim ln x 1 2.
x1
(2)
x
x
H x ln tdt
ln tdt
ln tdt
H
x
H
x
lim
1
1
lim
lim
lim 1
12 2.
2
2
2
x1 G x x 1
x1 G x x 1
x1 G x x1 x 1

x2
172
f : R R f x 1 2x f 1 x , x R
f (1) 0.
1.
2.
3.
f 1 x f 1 x x2 , x R.
1 x
x3
g x f t dt .
3
1 x
3
I f x dx.
1
1.
:
f x 1 2x f 1 x f x 1 f 1 x 2x
f x 1 f 1 x x f x 1 f 1 x x
c,c R.
x 0 2f (1) c c 0 . f (x 1) f (1 x) x2 .
2.
x 1
x3
g(x) f (t)dt
3
1 x
x 1
1 x
f (t)dt
x3
f (t)dt ,x R .
3
mathematica -303
f R . x 1
x 1
R ,
f (t)dt
R . , 1 x
0
1 x
R ,
f (t)dt R .
0
x
R. . g
3
g(x) f (x 1) f (1 x) 2x 2x 2x 0.
x R, g(x) c,c R.
x 1
x3
x 0, g(0) f (t)dt 0 0. g(x) 0 f (t)dt .
3
1
1 x
2
3.
2 1
23 8
x 2 f (t)dt f (t)dt .
3 3
1
1 2
173
f x u 2 udu .
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
f .
f ,
.
x
t t 2
g x e u u du dt
3 2
.
1 , 2 1,3
e f 1 e
1
5.
2 etf t dt.
1
x
f t
: et 3
dt x 3 x 2, .
f
3
1.
(u) u2 u , u2 u 0 .
u2 u 0 u (,0] [1, ) . (u) u2 u

(,0] [1, ).
f .
x
f (x) u 2 udu. 2 [1, ) , x [1, ).

2
mathematica -304
Df x [1, ).
x
f (x) u 2 udu, Df x [1, ).
2.
f (2) 0 x 2 f (x) 0.
x
u u [1, ) ,
2
u 2 udu
[1, ) .
f [1, ) f (x) x2 x,x [1, ) .

x [1, ) f (x) 0 x 1
f [1, ) .
1
x 1 f (1) u udu u 2 udu.

2
: , ,
.
x 2 f (x) 0.
f
x 2 f (x) f (2) 0 1 x 2 f (x) f (2) 0.

x
x
t t 2
t
2
3.
g(x) e u udu dt e u udu dt etf (t)dt,x 1.
3 2
3
3
t
f(t) [1, ) , e [1, ) .
x
e f (t)dt
t
[1, ) g(x) exf (x),x 1.
(.2) x [1,2) f (x) 0 , x (2, )

f (x) 0 . , f (2) 0.
x [1,2) g(x) 0 , x (2, )
g(x) 0 .
, ,
x 1
2
g [2, )
g(x)
0
+
[1,2] .
,
g(x)
2
x 2 g(2) etf (t)dt etf (t)dt

.
mathematica -305
g(x) etf (t)dt 0,x [2, ) , g(x) e xf(x),x [2, )
4.
g(x) e (f (x) f (x)).

g [1,2] , (1,2) , MT 1 (1,2)
x
g(2) g(1)
g(2) g(1) etf (t)dt e tf (t)dt
g(1 )
21
3
3
2
g(1 ) e f (t)dt e f (t)dt etf (t)dt.

t
g [2,3] , (2,3) , MT 2 (2,3)
g(3) g(2)
g(3) g(2) etf (t)dt e tf (t)dt
g( 2 )
32
3
3
3
g( 2 ) 0 e f (t)dt etf (t)dt.

t
g(1 ) g( 2 ) etf (t)dt etf (t)dt e1 f (1 ) e2 f ( 2 ) e tf (t)dt.

5.
g(x) ex (f (x) f (x)).
x (2, ) g(x) 0 . g (2, ) .

g .
g(3) 0 g(3) e3f (3) .
A(3,0) y g(3) g(3)(x 3) y e3f (3)(x 3).
x
f (3) 0
x (2, ) g(x) e f (3)(x 3) e f (t)dt e f (3)(x 3)

3
t3
1
e f (t)
e f (t)
t
e
f
(t)dt
dt
3
3 e f (3)
3 f (3) dt x 3.
e f (3) 3
3
174
f (x) 3x g(x) x2 9x 5 .
1.
Cg
A(1,4).
2.
3.
f (x2 5x 6) g(x)4x. .
f (x 1) 5f (x) 2x
: A lim
x f (x 1) f (x) 2 x
mathematica -306
-2
f (x 1) f (x) 2x
+
B lim
.
x f (x 1) f (x) 2 x
-2
x
- 0 +

x +2
- 0 + +
+
f g .
+ - 0 +
f (x)
4.
x 2 1
f (x)91dx 0 0R.. 9
5.
I() f(x)
:
1.
g x 2x 9.
Cg M(x0 ,g(x0 ))
y g(x0 ) g(x0 )(x x0 ) .
A(1,4)
4 g(x0 ) g(x0 )(1 x0 ) x02 2x0 0 x0 0 x0 2 .
A(1,4).
M(0, 5) y 9x 5 M 2,5
y 5x 1.
2.

2
2
h x f x 5x 6 g x 4x 3x 5x6 x2 5x 5.
h 2 h 3 0
h x 2x 5 3x
h x 0 2x 5 3
5x 6
ln 3 2x 5 2x 5 3x
5x 6
ln 3 1 .
5
ln 3 1 0 2x 5 0 x .
2
5
x2 5x 6
ln 3 1 0 2x 5 0 x .
2
, h
x
5
,
2
h(x)
5
, .
h(x)
0
2
h x 0 2x 5 3x
5x 6
lim x 2 5x 5
5
,
2
5
2
0
.
401
5
h
0.
324
2
h x
xlim
2
x 5x 6
u
lim 3
lim 3
x
u
A1 , A 2 , .
2
mathematica -307
,
h
h
401
401
5
5
h A1 [h ,limh(x)) [
, ) h A 2 [h ,limh(x)) [
, ).
324
324
2 x
2 x
2 A1 h(2) 0, x 2 h(x) 0. h
A1 , x 2
h(x) 0.
3 A2 h(3) 0, x 3 h(x) 0. h
A 2 , x 3
h(x) 0.
3.
f (x) 3x , f (x 1) 3x1 3 3x.

x
2
8
x
x
x
x
x
x
f x 1 5f x 2
33 5 3 2
83 2
3 2
A lim
lim
lim
lim
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x f x 1 f x 2
x 33 3 2
x 43 2
x
2
4
3
x
3
8 1
f x 1 5f x 2x
33x 5 3x 2x
83x 2x
2
B lim
lim
lim
lim x
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x f x 1 f x 2
x 33 3 2
x 43 2
x
3
4 1
2
4.
w x f x g x 3x x2 9x 5,x R .
w x R, w x 3x ln3 2x 9,x R. w
x R, w x 3x ln 3 2 0.
2
w 1 w 2 0.
w(x) 0 2 . w(x) 0 3 .
w R, .
w(1 ) w(2 ) w(3 ) 0. Rolle
w(x) 0 2 .
Rolle w
w(x) 0 , .
w(x) 0 , Cf ,Cg E(1,3)
Z(2,9).
5.
x2 1
dx
I() x
3
mathematica -308
I() x x I()
, 2I()
x 1
x 1
dx x 3x dx
x
1
3 1
x2 1
x2 1 x
1 dx x 3 dx.
3 x 1
3 1
3
2I() x 1 dx 2 I()
.
3
x -2
3
-2
0
2
+
- 0 +
- 0 +
+
+
+ - 0 +
x +2
f (x)
175
f(x)
9 R0 f0
f
09
0.
F x f t dt.
x
1.
F x R.
2.
F x .
3.
F(x) 0. .
4.
0,1 .
3x 1
f t dt x
x 1
f t dt
1.
f R , f (t)dt R ,
0
F(x) f (t)dt R , F(x) f (x),x R.

0
2.
F(0) 0 , x 0 F(x) 0 .
f (0) 0 f R ,
f
x 0 f (x) f (0) 0 x 0 f (x) f (0) 0.

x 0 F(x) f (x) 0 x 0
F(x) f (x) 0 .
, , F
0
x
( ,0]
F(x)
+
0
[0, ).
F(x)
9 . 0
x 0
F(0) 0.
3.
( 2) , x R
F(x) F(0) F(x) 0.
4.
3x 1
H(x) 1
x 1
f (t)dt x
f (t)dt.
0
mathematica -309

x 1
f (t)dt R
f(t) R ,
3x 1
f (t)dt R , 1 x R ,
H R , .
1
H(0) 1 f (t)dt 0 f (t)dt 1 0

0
4
0
2
H(1) 1 f (t)dt 1 f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt

0
H(1) f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt f (t)dt.

4
x 0 f (x) 0 ,
f (x)dx 0 . ,
2
H(1) f (t)dt 0.
2
, Bolzano (0,1)
H() 0 . H(x) f (3x 1) f (x 1) 1,x (0,1) .
x (0,1)
f
x 1 3x 1 f (x 1) f (3x 1) f (3x 1) f (x 1) 0
f (3x 1) f (x 1) 1 1 0 H(x) 0. H
(0,1) , . , (0,1)
3 1
H() 0 1
f (t)dt
f (t)dt.
0
176
1.
f : R
. f
( ) f x 0 , ( f x 0 )
x .
2.
f ,g : 0, R

f (t)dt g(t)dt , f 0, g 0, .
mathematica -310
. F x
f t dt
0
,x 0,
G x
g t dt
x
x
. f t dt g t dt x 0, .
. x,y [0,] x g(t)dt y f (t)dt.
y
1.
f . x0 ,x x0 x
f (x) f (x 0 )
0.
x x0
f (x) f (x0 )
lim
0.
x x0
x x0
f (x0 ) 0 . x 0 ,
x f (x) 0 .
x f (x) 0 .
x1 ,x2 x1 x2 ( x1 x2 ) :
f [x1 ,x2 ] , (x1 ,x2 ) , MT
f (x2 ) f (x1 )
(x1 ,x2 ) f ()
.
x2 x1
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
f (x) 0 ,
0 , f .
x2 x1
f .
2.
. f [0,] f (t)dt
0
x
[0,] . F x
f t dt

x
0,
0
xf (x) f (t)dt
x
F'(x)
0
2
mathematica -311
. H(x) f (t)dt x [0,],

0
f [0,] , H(x)
[0,] ,
MT H(x) (0,x)
x
H(x) H(0)
H()
x0
f (t)dt 0
0
f () f (t)dt xf (),
0
x
xf (x) f (t)dt
xf (x) xf () f (x) f ()
0,
x
x2
x
f () f (x) 0 x f .
F'(x) 0 (.1) F
(0,].
G (0,] .
F'(x)
0
2
. f t dt g t dt x 0 .
F (0,]
0 x F(x) F()
f t dt f t dt
(1).
x
G (0,]
0
0 x G(x) G()
g t dt g t dt
f t dt g t dt
0
f t dt g t dt
(1),(2),(3)
(3)
(2)
f t dt f t dt g t dt g t dt
0
f t dt g t dt
0
mathematica -312
f t dt g t dt x (0,] , x 0.
. x g(t)dt y f (t)dt(4) x,y [0,].

x 0 y 0 .
0 x,y .
y
x,y 0 (4)
x g(t)dt
f t dt g t dt
g(t)dt g(t)dt
G(y) F(x)
xy
xy
y
x
0 y G [0,] G(y) G()
0 x , F [0,] F(x) F()
0
y g(t)dt
f t dt g t dt
G() F( )
0
0
G(y) G() F() F(x) 0 x,y .
0
177
f 0,e
f 0 0 .
xf x dx ef e f e .
1.
2.
0,e
3.
4.
xf x dx e f e f .
1 ,e
xf x dx ef 1 e .
2 0,e
xf x dx e 2f 2 .
1.
e
xf x dx x f x dx f x f x dx
e
xf x dx ef e f x 0 ef e f e
e
2.
xf x dx ef e f e , , f e ef e xf x dx, (1).
0
f [0,e] (0,e).
mathematica -313
.. 0,e
e
(1)
f e f 0
f
ef f e ef ef e xf x dx
e0
0
e
xf x dx e f e f .
0
e
f e f
xf x dx
ef e f e
. (2).
e
3.
f [,e] (,e).
f e f
.. 1 ,e f 1
e
(2)
f e
e f 1 f e f e f 1 f e
e
e
(1)
e e f 1 ef e f e e e f 1 xf x dx .
0
4.
f 0,e , tf (t)
x
0,e tf t dt 0,e ,
0
x
g x tf t dt g x xf x . g x tf t dt
0,e . .. 2 0,e

e
g e g 0
g 2
2f 2
e0
tf t dt 0
0
e0
e 2f 2 xf x dx.
0
178

f R f (1) 2 f (x) 0
x R . :
1.
H g x f t dt R
x
A(1,g(1)).
1
2.
1 1 f t dt f t dt.
3.
x 1 :
mathematica -314
u f t dt du x 1 2 .
1
1 x t f t dt x 1
:
f R .
1.
f (t)dt
R. g
R, g (x) f (t)dt f (x).

1
f R , g R
g(x) f (x).
x R f (x) 0 , x R
g(x) 0 . g R.
1
g(1) f (1) 2 g(1) f (t)dt 0 .

1
g A(1,g(1))
y g(1) g(1)(x 1) y 0 2(x 1) y 2x 2.
2.
1 :
1 f t dt f t dt f t dt
0
f t dt
1
g t dt
0
g t dt
1
g t
g 1 g 0 g g 1
1
g t 0
.
a1
1 0
1
g R [0,1] , [1,]
(0,1),(1,) .
.. p 0,1 q 1,
:
g p
g g 1
g 1 g 0
g q
.
1 0
1
g R , g(x) 0 x R.
mathematica -315
, p q g p g q
g 1 g 0 g g 1
.
1 0
1
3. . g R ,
g
g , . , x R
x
g(x) 2x 2 f (t)dt 2(x 1),(1).

1
x u
h(x) f (t)dt du (x 1)2 ,x R.

1 1
f R
f (t)dt
(x 1)2 R , h R
x
h(x) f (t)dt 2(x 1) g(x) 2(x 1) . x 1 h(x) 0

1
x 1 , h [1, ) .
h(1) 0 , x 1
x u
u
2
h(x) h(1) f (t)dt du (x 1) 0 f (t)dt du (x 1) 2 .
1 1
1 1
. H(x) x f (t)dt tf (t)dt (x 1)2 ,x R

f R .
x
f (t)dt
R , tf (t)dt R
1
x f (t)dt (x 1)2 R
1
x
H(x) f (t)dt xf (x) xf (x) 2(x 1) f (t)dt 2(x 1) 0 , (1).

x 1 H(x) 0 x 1 ,
H [1, ) , x 1
mathematica -316
H(x) H(1) H(x) 0 x f (t)dt tf (t)dt (x 1)2 0

x
(x t)f (t)dt (x 1) .
2
179
f f x
x 2
2 t 2 t dt .
1.
Df .
2.
3.
f .
f .
4.
x Df
5.
3,5
2 3 2
t 2 tdt f x 2 2.
2 2 f x
2
:
1.
x 2
f (x)
2 t 2 t )dt.
t 2 t t 2 t 0 t (, 1] [0, ).
f .

2 t 2 t (, 1] [0, ) . 3 [0, ) ,
x 2 [0, ) x 2 0 x 2 .
f Df [2, ).
x 2
f (x)
(
3
x 2
2 t t )dt 2t
3
2
x 2
t 2 tdt
x 2
f (x) 2(x 2) 3 2
x 2
t tdt 2x 5 2
2
2.
t 2 tdt,x 2.
t 2 t [2, ) x 2
x 2
[2, ) ,
t 2 tdt [2, ).
2(x 2) [2, ) , f
[2, ) f (x) 2 (x 2)2 x 2 2 x2 3x 2,x 2

x 2
f (x) 0 2 x2 3x 2 0 x 2 3x 2 2 x 2 3x 0 x 3
mathematica -317
f (x) 0 2 x2 3x 2 0 x [2,3)
, ,
x 2
f
f (x)
[2,3]
[3, ) .
f (x)
0
3
0
x 3
1
f (3) 2 2 t tdt 2 2 t 2 tdt .

2
: , ,
.
3.
f (x)
2x 3
. x [2, ) f (x) 0 .
2 x 3x 2
f [2, ) . f .
2
f (3) 2 2 t 2 tdt f (3) 0 .
4.
1
3
A(3,f (3)) y f (3) f (3)(x 3) y f (3) y 2 2 t 2 tdt

1
f ,
f .
3
2 2 t tdt f (x) t 2 tdt f (x) 2 2 .

2
5.
f [3,5] , (3,5) . MT
(3,5)
3
0 2 2 t tdt
f ()
f (5) f (3)
53
2 2 t 2 tdt
1
f () 2 2 3 2 ,
3
2 3 2
2
mathematica -318
2 2 t 2 tdt
1
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 t 2 tdt
2
3 2
2
t 2 tdt
. (4)
t 2 tdt f (x) 2 2 ,
2 3 2
t 2 tdt
f (x) 2 2
.
2
180
z1 ,z 2 C f R f x
2x
t z 2 dt
x R f x x . :
2.
1
.
2
f x 2020 0, .
3.
x R
1.
z2
z1 t
z2
x
dt .
2
4
1.
2x
z1 t z 2 R,
z tz
1
dt
R, f R f x 2 2z1x z 2 .
g x f x x 0 g 0 . g
R, Fermat , x0 0
g 0 0. , g x f x 1 2 z12x z 2 1
g 0 0 2 z 2 1 0 z 2
2.
1
.
2
f x 2 z12x z 2 0 x 0, f
0, .
.
1
1
f x x 0 0
f (x) x
1
lim 0 0 lim 0
x x
x
1
0 f x x 0 lim f x
x f (x)
x
lim
mathematica -319
f 0 z1t z 2 dt 0.
0
f 0, , 2020 0, ,
, .., f , ( )
x0 0, f x0 2020.
, f x
3.
2x
z t z
1
dt x
, t 2u dt 2du
t1 2x u1 x t 2 0 u2 0 ,
f x
2x
z t z
1
dt 2 z12u z 2 du. x R f x x,
0
x
z
z
x
2 z12u z 2 du x 4 z1u 2 du x z1u 2 du
2
2
4
0
0
0
x R .
mathematica -320
mathematica -321
mathematica -322

Μια συλλογή ασκήσεων στα μαθηματικά κατεύθυνσης της Γ Λυκείου 8-4-2012

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Μια συλλογή ασκήσεων στα μαθηματικά κατεύθυνσης της Γ Λυκείου 8-4-2012

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' : 8 2012 .

(x 4)2 (y 3)2 4 . OK,

u min (OB) (OK) 5 2 3.

zz 3(z z)i 4(z z), z C

z 3(z z)i 4(z z) x 2 y 2 32yi 2 42x x 2 y 2 6y 8x 0

x 2xyi 1 x x yi 1 x(2x 1) y(2x 1)i (2x 1)(x yi).

z z 1 (2x 1)(x yi) 2x 1 x yi

, max w O 549 max z w B 580.

z z z z z z12z 2 z1 ( z12 z1z 2 ) z12z 2 z13 z12z 2 z13 .

z1z 2 z 22 0 z13 z 23 0 z13 z 32 .

z12 z1z 2 z22 z1 (z1 z 2 ) z 22 | z1 || z1 z 2 || z 2 |2

(z1 3z 3 )(z1 3z 3 ) 42 z1 z1 3z1 z 3 3z 3 z1 9z 3 z 3 8

z max (OA) (OK) 10 1 11

z min (OB) (OK) 10 1 9 .

zz z z 1 2 (zz 5z 5z 25) z (z z) 1 2 ( z 5(z z) 25)

(1 2 ) z (52 1)(z z) 252 1.

4x2 4y 2 40x 84 0 x2 y 2 10x 21 0

z, w C z (3i 4) 5iz 2 0, .. w (4 3i) 5iw 2 0 .

z (4 3i) 5iz 2 0 zz (4 3i) 5iz 2 z

(x2 y 2 )(4 3i) 5i(x2 y 2 2xyi) 0

u (3i 4) 5iu2 0 z w (3i 4) 5i(z w) 2 0 .

4 2 k 22 2m2 4k 4m 2km m22 2mk k 22

, z z1 z z 2 0 z 2 zz 2 z1z z1z 2 0 z 2 z1 z 2 z z1z 2 0.

(z12 2z1z 2 z 22 )z1 z 2 (z1 2z1 z 2 z 2 )z1z 2

z12 z1 z 2 z 22 z1 z 2 z1 z1z 2 z 2 z1z 2 0

2 (t) 2 (t) 1 (x k)2 (y k)2 1 .

2 (t) 2 (t) 1 ( 2)2 ( 2)2 1 . ' z

c z u (k t) (k t)i ( 1 mt) ( 1 mt)i

C max (OA) (OK)

C max (OA) (OK)

4 z 2zw w 2zw 4 z 2zw w 2zw 4

, w 2zw 3 ww 2zw 3 w(w 2z) 3

K 4 z 2zw 1 4zz 2zw 1 4zz 2zw 1

6z w (6z w)(6z w) 36zz 6zw 6wz ww

. 0 z 1 1 Re(z) 1 Re(z) 0 1 Re(z) Re(z) 1.

z1 ,z 2 (1) Re(z1 ) 0 A,B,

z 3 8i z 3 (2i)3 (z 2i)(z 2 2iz 4)

| f (1 i) || (1 i)2 2i(1 i) 4 || 4i 6 | 42 ( 6)2 2 13 .

f (z) | z 2 | 2iz 4 z 2 2iz 4 | z 2 | 2iz 4 z 2 | z 2 |

x2 y 2 x 2 0 (2) y(2x 1) 0 (3) .

z 2008 1 z 2005 z 2005 z 3 1 (zz)2005 z 3 1 ( z )2005 z 3 1

k 2010i 2010 k 2010i 2 k 2010 0 .

u 2012 i 2012 i 4503 i 4

(z z 1)2 (zz 1)2 0 .

1 2 | z |2 | z 2 1|2 2 | z 1|2 1 2x2 x2 1 2 x 1

1 2z(z) (z 2 1)(z 2 1) 2(z 1)(z 1)

(z)2 1 2zz 2z 2z (zz)2 2zz 1 0

(z z 1)2 (zz 1)2 0 .

2(2 i) Im(f (1 i)) 2 .

f (z) R f (z) f (z)

z117 z 217 z117 z1

z117 z117 2Re z117 R

P z1z 2 9 z1z 2 z1z 2 9 z1 z 2 9 z 2 9 z 2 3 .

32i 5 32 32i 32 0 32i 32i 0 .

32i 5 32 32i 32 0 32i 32i 0 .

16 2w 2 32w 32 32w 32 32w 32 0 .

. Az1 z 2 Bz1z 2 100 (1) .

f ()i f ()i f ()f ()i 2 f ()i f ()i f ()f ()i 2

z1 z1 z1z 2 z 2 z1 z 2z 2 z1z1 z1 z 2 z 2z1 z 2 z 2

2z1z 2 2z1 z 2 0 2 z1z 2 z1 z 2 0 4Re z1z 2 0 .

w f (x) f 2 (x)i z 2(ex 1)

. 2z 1 z 2 2z 1 z 2 (2z 1)(2z 1) (z 2)(z 2)

f 2 (x) 2x 2xf(x) f 2 (x) 2xf(x) x 2 x 2 2x

2 :[ f (x) x x2 2x f (x) x x2 2x,x R