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INTRODUCTION
The wax pattern is a precursor of the finished cast
restoration that will be placed on the prepared tooth. Careful handling and manipulation of the wax pattern is required to obtain an accurate casting
DIE
It is the positive reproduction of the form of a prepared
DEFINITIVE CAST
A replica of the tooth surfaces, residual ridge areas, and/or other parts of the dental arch and/or facial structures used
REQUIREMENTS OF A DIE
Reproduce the preparation exactly All surfaces should be adequately duplicated
DIE MATERIALS
Type IV (high strength) dental stone. Type V (high strength and expansion) dental stone
Electroplated dies
Flexible die materials
SELECTION CRITERIA
Dimensionally accurate cast strong and resistant to abrasion Easy to section and trim
DIE MATERIALS
DIE SYSTEMS
1. REMOVABLE DIES
REMOVABLE DIES
Advantages Simple to fabricate a cast and die Maintains fixed and immovable relationship between the abutments
Disadvantages
Wax pattern should be transferred from one to the other. Can be used only with elastomeric impressions
DOWEL PIN
A metal pin used in stone casts to remove die
sections and replace them accurately in the original position
Single dowel
Double dowel Two separate dowels
ADVANTAGES
Simple Minimal trimming of definitive cast Gingival tissue guide when contouring restoration
DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to transfer complex wax patterns Seating pattern on definitive cast 2nd pour larger Only be used with elastomeric materials
Disinfected
DIE PREPARATION
DIE SPACER
Applied to die to increase cement space between axial walls of prepared tooth and restoration Formulated to maintain constant thickness Should not coat entire preparation 1 mm space from the margin must be maintained Available as a paint on or pen type application
Die spacer is needed to provide space for the luting agent (cement) during cementation of the finished crown. When applying the die spacer over the preparation leave the area 1mm above the margin line free of spacer. Close adaptation of the crown and cement (or luting agent) No disintegration and dissolution of the luting agent at the margin.
INDIVIDUAL DIES
SURFACE
DIE SPACERS
MARKING MARGINS
Precise marking of preparation margin is crucial Color used for marking should contrast wax Ordinary lead pencil not recommended Marked margin can be coated with cyanoacrylate; blown dry
DI-LOK SYSTEM
DIVESTMENT TECHNIQUE
ACCUTRAC (VENEERS)
ZEISER SYSTEM
PINDEX SYSTEM
Post-pour technique is used
Reverse drill press is used to create a master cast The machine accurately drills parallel holes from the under side of the
trimmed cast
Dual pin, tri plus pin
DI LOK TECHNIQUE
A snap-apart plastic segmented trays with internal orienting
Impression is poured; di-lok tray filled Cast trimmed to horse shoe configuration
ACCUTRAC
Used in laminate veneers
Removable die system Modification of a plastic tray with internal orientation grooves and notches
DIVESTMENT TECHNIQUE
Investment material itself is used for making a die. Die is directly incorporated into the investment with the pattern. This technique is mainly used for patterns that are not removable from the die
Disadvantages Master cast may not articulate with the opposing cast properly (because of high setting expansion). Seating the cast for interocclusal records can be a problem. Needs another cast and die for finishing and polishing purposes because the die is destroyed while casting.
DIESTONE+INVESTMENT DIVESTMENT
A commercial gypsum bonded material that contains die material and the investment medium in comparable composition Commercially available as Divestment
Place tray carrier with impression onto the slider with solid ZEISER base plate underneath
Z E I S E R S Y S T E M
Survey the required pin position and drill the pin holes
Push table down gently to definite stop position. Drill two holes per segment
Insert tapered pins into drilled holes and press down according to friction required
Load base plate with stone around pins. Invert plate; seat onto impression.
After approx. 20 minutes (stone) or 8 hrs (BLUESTAR) remove the impression from the tray carrier and separate the pour up from the base plate.
Trim the arch, clean, blow dry and reposition back onto base plate.
DIE SYSTEMS
WAX PATTERNS
WAX PATTERN
A wax form that is the positive likeness of an
object to be fabricated
DIRECT TECHNIQUE
INDIRECT
TECHNIQUE
Pattern is waxed on a stone cast made from an accurate impression of the prepared tooth Most popular method
INLAY WAX
Inlay casting wax is used for all wax patterns.
temperature.
Dyes to provide color contrasts
TYPE I WAX
Formulated for making intraoral wax patterns Medium hardness wax Resist flow at mouth temperature
TYPE II WAX
Formulated for fabrication of wax patterns extra-orally Softer wax; Have a slightly lower melting point Resist flow at room temperature
Stresses heating and manipulation Wax thermoplastic material relaxes as these stresses are released distortion
ARMAMENTARIUM
PKT Waxing instruments( No.1,2,3,4,5) Wax spatula No.2 pencil Laboratory knife Bunsen burner Inlay casting wax
Die lubricant
Electric heating instruments(precise temperature control)
P K T
#1,2: Wax addition instruments #3 : Burnisher for refining occlusal anatomy #4,5: Wax carvers
I N S T R U M E N T S
Heat the instrument in Bunsen flame Touch it in wax and quickly reheat its shank in flame
INTERNAL
SURFACE
PROXIMAL SURFACES
P O S T E R I O R T E E T H W A X I N G
AXIAL SURFACES
OCCLUSAL SURFACES
MARGIN FINISHING
INTERNAL SURFACE
Die lubricant Flow wax onto die from well heated large waxing instrument Initial layer wax is fully molten; wax memory distortion Sufficient wax coping without breakage Proximal areas extra bulk grip and prevent distortion Trim wax
PROXIMAL SURFACES
Flat or slightly concave from contact area to CEJ Overcontouring periodontal problems Undercontouring flossing ineffective
CONTACT AREAS
Posterior contact areas occlusal third
AXIAL SURFACES
Location of height of contour is particularly important Gingival third; mandibular molars in middle third Emergence profile: tooth surface gingival to its height of contour immediately adjacent to gingival soft tissues Flat or concave
angles
Boley gauge
OCCLUSAL SURFACES
Nonfunctional cusps overlap vertically and horizontally Point contact between opposing teeth Sequential wax addition technique
CONE PLACEMENT
CUSP-FOSSA ARRANGEMENT
Functional cusp nestled into occlusal fossa of opposing teeth Tooth-tooth arrangement Rarely used Centric cusp contact occlusal fossa of opposing tooth at three points Developed by waxing two opposing quadrants simultaneously
Indications
Prevent Food impaction Centric relation closure forces near long axes of teeth improved Improved stability results from tripod contact for each functional cusp
Cusp fossa 1. Location of occlusal contact on opposing teeth Occlusal fossae only
Tooth-to-tooth
Occlusal forces are directed parallel with long axis of the tooth. These forces are near the center of the tooth, placing very little stress on the tooth Rarely found in natural teeth. Used when restoring several contacting teeth and teeth opposing them Full mouth reconstruction
Found in 95% of all adults. Can be used for single tooth restorations
4. Disadvantages
Food impaction, displacement of teeth if functional cusps wedge into lingual embrasure Most restorations in daily practice
5. Application.
Completion of axial contours -Give each cusp a triangular ridge towards center of occlusal surface(apex-cusp tip) -Secondary ridges : 2 to each triangular ridge;convex with grooves
MARGINAL FINISHING
Reflow margins; well adapted 1 mm wide zone from margin to prepared surface
ANTERIOR TEETH
Anatomic contour waxing metal ceramic restorations Lingual and incisal surfaces - overall arch form and occlusal requirements -concavity in lingual surfaces - Maximum intercuspation anterior teeth should be set just out of contact - Lingual surfaces non contacting
Usually about 1 mm
Provide room for the porcelain fused onto
WAXING CONNECTORS
Connectors that join separate components
REFERENCES
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd edition Shillingburg Contemporary fixed prosthodontics 4th edition Rosentiel Land Fujimoto Tylmans theory and practice of fixed
prosthodontics
Phillips Science of Dental Materials
Glossary of prosthodontic terms Butta .R, Tredwin C j, et.al, Type IV gysum compatibility