INTRODUCTION

The study was conducted in Payyanur khadi centre, Kerala to find the effectiveness of labour welfare measures. The study intends to see the satisfaction level of labours on the facilities provided by the khadi board and how these welfare measures boost the labour morale. The study on effectiveness of labour welfare measures gives the management an indication of the level of satisfaction among the labours regarding the general working condition and the other facilities provided by the organization. This helps the management to know the general morale of labours. And can help the board to implement effective welfare measures. In this project all the discussions are evolved around labour welfare measures of Payyanur khadi centre. The details of khadi such as objectives, functions and labour welfare measures are stated in this report. Payyanur khadi centre is a pioneer in manufacturing and selling khadi products to the people of India.

COMPANY PROFILE
Khadi is an Indian fabric and it is also known by another name Khaddar. It is made by spinning the threads on an instrument known as Charkha. During preindependence era the movement of khadi manufacturing gained momentum under the guidance of father of nation Mahatma Gandhiji. This movement of khadi manufacturing and wearing started as to discourage the Indians from wearing of foreign clothes. Its concept was developed by Mahatma Gandhi. It was a symbol for political agendas during the fight for independence in India against the British rule. It was primarily a means to provide employment to the unemployed rural population of India at that time. The Indian flag has to be also made from khadi material. Thus it holds national importance; we could even call it the national fabric of India. It has the unique property of keeping the wearer warm in winter as well as cool in summer season. This fabric has coarse texture and gets easily crumpled, therefore in order to keep it firm and stiff, starch is to be added. This fabric on washing is more enhanced thus the more you wash it, better the look. Khadi is not easily worn out for years together, at least for 4-5 years. Very attractive and designer apparel are made by doing handwork on them garments made from it. Khadi spinning is generally done by girls and women and weaving mostly by men. During spinning of khadi the threads are interwoven in such a manner that it provides passage of air circulation in the fabric. Apart from this unique property, it also provides warmth in winter season which is quite surprising factor. Khadi cotton is required to be starched so that it does not get easily crumpled. It comes in many colors and is not harmful to the skin as synthetic fabrics. This cotton is very soothing in summer season as ample amount of air ventilation is there, it has the capacity to absorb moisture therefore it easily soaks the sweat and keeps the wearer cool and dry. Khadi cotton comes in plain as well as in printed fabrics. The most common outfit of made from khadi cotton is the Kurta. Many types of apparel are manufactured from khadi cotton like saris, salwar suits, fabric yarns, western tops, shirts, trousers, skirts, handkerchief, etc. It is a very durable fabric.

In khadi silk, the ratio of khadi and silk fabric is 50:50. This fabric requires dry cleaning. It shrinks about 3% after the first wash. It is quite an expensive fabric. Khadi silk provides a royal and rich look. The various types of apparels made from khadi silk are salwar kameez, kurta pajama, saris, dupattas, shirts, vest and jackets. Apparels like kurta, jacket, sari blouses requires lining to be given to ensure its longetivity. Previously khadi was dyed in earthy color tones and was used to make traditional garments but now designers are experimenting by dyeing khadi with striking colors like limegreen, violet, baby pink, turquoise blue, etc. Stylish garments like mini skirts, halter neck tops, racer tops, tunics, etc are made from khadi. Khadi is hand woven and hand spun fabric which takes time to be made. It is mainly manufactured in rural areas of India. In previous times it was considered as the fabric for the poor rural workers & farmers. But wearing khadi is no more for the poor, many high profile personalities and economically sound people prefer to wear it. It is considered as one of the most beautiful Indian fabric. The khadi wearer gets a royal and distinguishable look due to its fall and style. It symbolizes luxury and uniqueness.

Khadi & Village Industries and their role in rural development

The Kerala Gandhi Smark Nidhi, which is the sate unit of the National Gandhi Memorial Fund, New Delhi, has been functioning from 1951, though it was formally registered under Travancore Cochin Charitable Societies Act in the year 1962 only. It is a matter of great satisfaction that Sri.K.Janardanan Pillai, who has been associated with this great organization from day ones, and who is the motive force, is with us and is able to practicipate in the Golden Jubilee Celebrations. Kerala Gandhi Smarak Nidhi is a unique organization, which has attempted from the beginning, to concretize almost all the aspects of Gandhian Constructive Programmes, literally all over this State, right from Parassala in South to Kasargode in the North. It was emboldened to attempt this daunting task, because of the form resolve of a galaxy of leaders, social activities, and field workers, whom the founding fathers could identify and bring in its fold. Legendary figures like Sarva Sree K.Kelappan, K.P.Madhavan Nair, K.Radhakrishna Menon, and a host of other equally great personalities devoted a lot of time, and selfless service, to bring up this noble body. A second line of organisers, with considerable clout in their respective areas, secured valuable land by Multi purpose rural development
3

centres. Gandhi Smarak Seva Kendrams were organised utilizing local leadership in over a dozen localities a senior worker of Nidhi, proving regular liason with the parent body-by the first half of 1980s 64 rural development centres were set up, which extended a variety of services to rural artisans, agriculturists, women and children.

INDUSTRY PROFILE
Payyanur was a major center of promotion of Khadi and still retain this tradition. Even today we can see a lot of people wearing Khadi in Payyanur which is not commonly seen in other parts of Kerala. This Khadi movement was started in Payyanur by the great freedom fighter of Payyanur, CH Govindan Nambiar. Unnamman Unithiri of Karivellur and Vaidyar VP Sreekanda Poduval also did a lot for the promotion and propagation of Khadi. The patriotic poems of Mahakavi Kuttamath and KeluNair also helped Khadi movement. The Khadi movement was a part of the Independence struggle. In order to boycott the foreign clothes, Gandhiji called upon the people to make their clothes by themselves. Khadar or Khadi is the cloth made of hand-spurn thread using the simple instruments like 'charkha". The 'charkha' was also selected as the emblem in the national flag during the freedom struggle. The organization called Charka Sangh was formed in 1925 with Head Office at Wardah and Gandhiji was the president of this society until his death. The motive of this society was to promote and circulate Khadi among the people. In 1930, NP Raghava Poduval of Shornur (popularly known as Raghavji) came to Payyanur for the formation and operation of Charka Sangh. In 1934 Payyanur was selected as the Head Office of Charka Sangh's Kerala Unit and CK. Kartha (Ernakulam) was the first secretary of the HO. After this charkas became popular in Payyanur and the surrounding places. The thin and soft cloth made in Payyanur Khadi Sangh gained nation wide attraction and it got the brand name as "Payyanur Special". When Gandhiji visited Payyanur in 1934, the Khadi activities of Payyanur was specially congratulated by him .During 1937-39 when Rajaji became the Chief minister of Madras State ( Payyanur was a part of Madras State) a Charka-making unit was started in Payyanur with the Government financing. In 1941 the Head Office of the Kerala Charka Sangh was shifted from Payyanur to Kozhikode Gandhi Asramam but the production and selling units remained here. In 1946, the then Chief Minister of Madras, T. Prakasam, after consulting with Gandhiji, took a decision to takeover five Khadi Centers and Payyanur Center was one among them. Gradually the Charka Sangh faded out of the picture and the Center fully came under the Government control. The Payyanur Farka Gramodaya Khadi Sangham was started in 1958 . VP Narayana Poduval, E. Narayanan Nair and N. Raghava Shenoy were the promoters of this new center. Later this center came under the control of Kerala Khadi &Village Industries Board.

Even though it is very difficult to compete with the modern industrial world of today under the new liberalization atmosphere, Payyanur Khadi is trying its level best to survive. It is the responsibility of each individual of Payyanur to do whatever he/she can to keep this industry alive and thus to retain the rich tradition.

CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS
1920 Nagpur session (1920) the Indian National Congress decided to encourage "Khadi". The first Khadi Production Centre was established at Katiawad, Gujarat, Mahatma Gandhi used to refer to Khadi as "The livery of freedom 1923 Development of All India Board under the Indian National Congress by Gandhiji. 1925 Setting up of All India Spinners Association (AISA) / Akhil Bharat Charkha Sangh 1935 All India Village Industries Association (AIVIA) was formed. 1946 Govt. of Madras sought the advice of Gandhiji and set up a Department for Khadi.

1948 Govt. of India recognized the role of Rural Cottage Industries in the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948. Constituent Assembly included Cottage Industries in Rural Areas among the directive Principles of the Constitution in Article 43. These ideas were elaborated in the First five-year Plan, which laid down the Policy framework for setting up of a body for Khadi and Village Industries. Central Govt. also recommended for setting up of a Board.

1953 In accordance with these recommendations, Govt. of India set up All India Khadi & Village Industries Board in January, 1953. (AIKVIB) 1955 It was decided that a statutory body should replace the Board. 1956 Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act 1956 was passed. 1957 Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Board Act (Act IX) was passed and The Board came into existence.

OBJECTIVES OF KHADI
The Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Board is a statutory body constituted by the act of 1957, vested with the responsibility of organizing and promoting Khadi and village industries in the state. The board implements the programs through cooperative, registered institutions, individuals and departmental units by imparting/availing assistance from Government of Kerala, Khadi commission and nationalized banks. Promotion of Khadi and Village industries. Comprehensive range of support to Khadi and Village Industry entrepreneurs. Marketing support to the beneficiary units of the board Co-ordination and monitoring of around 25000 units, which have, came up in Kerala with the assistance of board. Providing training to potential entrepreneurs in various sectors including weaving and spinning, pottery, bee keeping and host of other activities. Formulation and implementation of focused programs and schemes for the revival of sick industries and units. Providing technical assistance to the upcoming units in order to materialize the objectives, board has formulated various schemes and implemented them successfully.

FUNCTIONS OF KHADI
Some of the major functions of KKVIC are The KKVIC is charged with the planning, promotion, organization and implementation of programs for the development of Khadi and other Village Industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development where ever necessary. Its function also comprise building up of a reserve of raw materials and implements for supply to producers, creation of common service facilities for processing of raw materials as finished goods and provision of facilities for marketing of Khadi village industries products apart from organization of training of artisans engaged in these industries and cooperative efforts amongst them. To promote the sale and marketing of Khadi and/or products of village industries or handicrafts, the KKVIC may forge linkages with established marketing agencies where ever feasible and necessary. The KKVIC is also charged with the responsibility of encouraging and promoting research in the production techniques and equipment employed in the KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES sector and providing facilities for the study of the problems relating to it. The KKVIC is entrusted with the task of providing financial assistance to institutions and individuals for development and operation of KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES and guiding them through supply of designs, prototypes and other technical information. The KKVIC may also undertake directly or through other agencies studies concerning the problems of KHADI and /or VILLAGE I NDUSTRIES

besides research or establishing pilot projects for the development of KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES.

10

Government Policies
Khadi and village industries commission is the Indian government body which promotes the usage of khadi. Khadi production and selling comes under the small scale industry sector. This government body was created by an act which was passed by the Parliament. This gave a boost to the khadi manufacturing sector of India, as a result many new outlets of khadi gramodyog opened all over the country. These shops sell stitched as well as unstitched khadi fabrics. Every year starting from the date- 3rd October to January 29th all khadi gramodyog bhavans provide discount to the public on various khadi products. It comes under the category of Indian handloom. This sector also generates employment for the rural population of India. Indian government conducts various exhibitions and trade fairs in India and abroad to promote this fabric. The small scale industries engaged in manufacturing of khadi gets economic redemption for the raw materials and production costs by Indian government. According to a recent survey done it provides employment to 14.97 lakhs of people, the total annual production of khadi is 111.49 million sq. mtrs. Khadi over the decades has moved from a freedom fighters identity fabric to a fashion garment. Today there is such an increasing demand for khadi that despite of the thousands of workers involved in spinning and producing khadi fabric, the demand of the market does not gets fulfilled.

11

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Primary Objective

To study the effectiveness of Labour welfare measures in Payyanur Khadi

centre. Secondary Objectives

To find out the importance of labour welfare measures in Khadi and Village
Industries. To analyze the role of labour welfare measures in Khadi and Village Industries. To study the problems those are facing by the workers in Payyanur khadi centre.

12

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH MEANING Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redmen and Mary defines research as a systematic effort to gain knowledge. Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a plan of action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and analyzed. This research study is a descriptive research study. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed. A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure. NATURE OF DATA a) Primary data The primary data are collected from the labours of Payyanur khadi centre through a direct structured questionnaire. b) Secondary data Company profiles, websites, magazines, articles were used widely as a support to primary data. SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUE Size of the sample It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to Constitute as a sample. In this study 25 employees of Payyanur khadi centre in Kerala was selected as size of sample. Sample design The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling method. This method is also called as the method of chance selection. Each and every item of population has equal chance to be included in the sample.

13

 Population design The population of this study is the total employee in the company. It is finite population. There are different processing units for the organization, for this study I have taken only labours in two processing units. Questionnaire The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a variety of questions presented to the labours for the response. STATISTICAL TOOLS USED To analyze and interpret collected data percentage method was used. Percentage method The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more series o f data. It is used to classify the opinion of the respondent for d i f f e r e n t f a c t o r s . I t i s calculated as [No: of respondents favorable Total no: of respondents] 100

14

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Time is the major limit in factor of the study. The result of the study is mainly depends on the information given by the respondents, which may be sometimes biased. The workers are not ready to expose them self. The study suffers from the limitation of focus group opinion that is generalizing the opinion of a relatively small number of respondents.

15

1.1) Table showing number of labours in different units.

PAYYANUR KHADI CENTRE, PAYYANUR

Details of production centres S.No: Name of the unit Spinning Unit Kannur District Alakkad Chapparappadavu Cheruthazham Eruvassi Ettukudukka Ezhom Kadannappalli Kakkara Kannapuram Karivellur Koluvalli Kookkanam Koorara Kottiyodi Kovvappuram Koyyam Kunhimangalam Kuttur Malappattam Maloor Manantheri Mathil Mavilayi Meloor Nelloonni Pappinissery Parassinikkadavu Paradu Numbers of labours

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

18 10 9 17 9 32 29 22 23 9 6 7 7 32 15 22 20 12 22 20 23 20 12 19 24 5 2 4
16

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Parayaram Pilathara Pinarayi Bishap House, Thalassery Pattuvam Pazhayangadi Peringom Pullupara Punchakkadu Thalipparamba Thannada Thekkumbadu Vimalassery Peralassery Vellur Papparatta Punnachery Panthakkappara Payam Velladu Peravoor Paravoor Mathamangalam Kasaragod District Bheemanadi Elerithattu Kadumeni Kallyottu Kayyoor Kodakkadu Korayichal Madikkai Thrikkaripur Nileswar Parappa Poyinachi Ramnagar Valiyapoyyil

26 18 25 17 19 23 8 23 20 8 14 27 15 11 20 41 6 23 8 8 14 7 25 16 16 10 11 35 29 11 17 13 18 4 11 8 19
17

66 67 68

Cheruvathur Karimoola Munnadu

Total
Weaving unit Kannur District Anchampeedika Cherukunnu Eruvassy Ettukudukka Kakkara Kannavamkolani Kookkanam Kunhimangalam Kuttyattur Kunnaru Kannadiparamba Malappattam Maloor Mananthery Muthathy Naduvil Nelloonni Papparatta Nettoor Parassinikkadavu Pariyaram Peralassery Peravoor Pullupara Ramanthali Thimiri Karivellur Kandoth Kasaragod District Bheemanadi

30 32 17 1153 For other related activities 42 10 6 6 17 14 10 34 10 19 9 16 14 18 25 15 24 18 10 7 7 4 37 8 8 14 10 8 4 33 5 10 3 5 3 6 6 6 4 11 1 12 9 4 6 8 9 6 1 5 2 4 5 2 9 5 3 3

18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 1 2 3 4 5

Cheruvathur Kayyoor Kolamkulam Korayichal Parappa Periyanganam Ramnagar Valiyapoyyil Thrikkaripur Elambachi KHADI SUB CENTRES Karivellur Vellur Kunhimangalam Pazhayangadi M.C.P.S Payyanur Total

15 19 5 10 10 28 6 16 5 20 15 34 9 20 10 646

8 6 6 5 4 6 6 6 1 6 240

19

1.2) Table showing details of staff strength

Sl. No

Details of Staff Strength Designation Sanctioned post

Director Project Officer Assistant Registrar Junior Accounts Officer Village Industrial Officer Office Manager Store Superintendent Manager Godown Junior Superintendent SG/UD/LD Typist Clerk Cum Typist Store Keeper UD/LD/1st Gr/2nd Gr: Assistant Boy Attender/Peon/Boy Assistant Assistant Manager/Manager KGS SCI/JCI Store Assistant KEO/KDO/TA Khadi Beekeeping Field Man Loom Inspector Carpenter Spinning/Weaving Instructor Village Oil Instructor Driver Amber Manager Dye House Manager Training Centre Instructor Total

No: of Staffs Working 1 1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 1 1 20 3 4 1 3 1 1 1 70 1 2 1 1 2 134

11 1 3

62

87
20

LABOUR WELFARE
The term labour welfare means the efforts to make life worth living for workmen. It includes anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provided over and above the wages. Welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration. The welfare measures need not be in monetary terms only but in any kind/forms. Employee welfare includes monitoring of working conditions, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health, industrial relation and insurance against diseases, accidents and unemployment for the workers and their families. Labor welfare entails all those activities of employer, which are directed towards providing the employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries. Labour welfare fund is a deduction from the employee wages as well as from the employer side according to the state government slab and submitted to the department. The benefit is for the labours whose wages are below Rs.50/- can avail the hospitality and the insurance facility by the state government free of cost.

21

INCENTIVES TO KHADI ARTISANS

Khadi Sector in Kerala at present employs 12000 artisans, mostly women below the poverty line. Since we have built in infrastructures in the form of work shed, godown and marketing outlets, there is lot of scope for raising the number of beneficiaries by another 20,000 without additional investment on infrastructure. At the same time, having regard to the high rural wage level in the state, the artisans expect a comparatively high wage in spinning and weaving too. Further the weavers in handloom sector, who weave khadi too, expect wages on par with the rate in handloom sector. Introduction of more weavers ensures additional employment to 6 times their number in spinning. In the back ground it is necessary to provide incentive to spinners and weavers, to enhance production and ensure reasonable income to the artisans. Since this sector employs women more particularly unemployed house wives, the expansion of work in this sector will help poverty alleviation in villages. With a view to continue the spinners and weavers in the khadi sector and attract more artisans to this sector, the government is providing incentive to artisans based on their production. The present rate of production incentives to khadi artisans are given below Spinners = Weavers = 30 paise per Hank for spinning. 90 paise per Hanks consumed by the weaver

22

WELFARE MEASURES OF KHADI

The government of Kerala gives full support to the Khadi sector in extending welfare measures to the Khadi artisans. The state government has constituted a separate board viz. Kerala Khadi workers welfare fund board which is unique in the country. The state government extends financial support in the form of contribution to the fund. The welfare fund board has three regional officers for its smooth functioning. Every artisan has worked as a Khadi worker for a period of 240 days is eligible for membership to the fund. He/She has to contribute 12% of their annual wage to the fund, and equal amounts (12%) by the Khadi institution and the government. The following benefits are extended to the artisans from the welfare fund board: Superannuation pension * Minimum pension (10 year service) = Rs 300/* Maximum pension (30 years service) = Rs 700/ Disability pension (Minimum 2 years service is required) = Rs 100/ Family pension- rate of superannuation pension Medical benefits for one financial year up to Rs 750/ Funeral benefits Rs 500/ Assistance for marriage of women artisans or daughters = Rs 2000/ Maternity benefits (only for 2 times) (2 year continuous service is necessary) = Rs 750/-

23

EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
1) For children studying above SSLC up to Rs 500/- per year 2) For engg/medicine/agriculture/veterinary up to Rs 3000/- per year

INSURANCE SCHEME OF KHADI ARTISANS

Presently the KVIC is running an insurance scheme titled Khadi Karinagar Janasree Bheema Yogana for the welfare of Khadi artisans. As per this scheme Rs 20,000/- is given for natural death and Rs 50,000/- for accidental death, Rs 50,000/- is provided for permanent disability due to accident and Rs 25,000/- for partial disability. Education benefit of Rs 1200/- per year is admissible from Std IX to XII. The premium amount of Rs 200 is met from the following sources. Government of India Rs 100/KVIC Rs 50/KVIB Rs 25/Artisans Rs 25/-

24

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREOF KERALA KHADI LABOUR WELFARE BOARD FOR THE YEAR 2011

Name K.Dhananjayan P.Somarajan Pillai T.Govindan P.Rajendradas K.P.Gopala Poduval K.O.Paulose Mohan Raju H.Hashim Chairman

Position

Chief Executive Officer Ex Officio Board Member Board Member Board Member Board Member Board Member

25

Data analysis and Interpretation

2.1) Table showing the number of years of experience of workers Experience Less than 5 years 5-10 years 10-20 years More than 20 years Inference: From the above Table and Chart it is clear that 28% of the workers has less than 5 years of experience,28% has between 5 years and 10 years of experience, 32%workers has between 10 years and 20 years of experience and 12% workers has more than 20 years of experience. Frequency 28 28 32 12 Percentage 28 28 32 12

3.1) Chart represents the work experience of labours. Experience 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 5 years 5-10 years 10-20 years More than 20 years

26

2.2) Table showing number of workers those who are eligible for workers welfare measures of khadi. opinion frequency Percentage

yes

100

100

no

3.2) Chart represents the number of labours eligible for welfare measures. Eligibility 120 100 80

60
40 20 0 yes no

Inference: From the above Table and Chart it is clear that all the workers who were undergone this study is eligible for the workers welfare measures of khadi.

27

2.3) Table showing the welfare measures that are prevalent now. OPINION All the welfare measures Medical benefit and educational benefit Medical benefit and insurance benefit None of these Frequency 48 28 24 0 Percentage 48 28 24 0

2.3) Chart represents the welfare measures that are prevalent now.

Welfare Measures
48 28 24

All the welfare measures

Medical benefit and educational benefit

Medical benefit and insurance benefit

None of these

Inference: From the above table and chart 48% of the workers are enjoying all the welfare measures, 28% of workers are enjoying medical benefit and educational benefit, and 24% workers are enjoying medical benefit and insurance benefit and no one is working without having any welfare measures.

28

2.4) Table showing the family protection scheme provided by the institution Opinion Yes No Frequency 64 36 Percentage 64 36

3.4) Chart represents family protection scheme of labours. Family Protection Scheme 64 36

yes

No

Inference: From the above table and chart, its clear that 64% of the workers has family protection scheme provided by the Institution and 36% has no such scheme.

29

2.5) Table showing whether the welfare measures are beneficial to the workers Opinion Yes No Frequency 96 4 Percentage 96 4

3.5) Chart represents whether the welfare measures are beneficial to the workers.

Benefit
4%

96%

Inference: From the above Table and Pie Chart its clear that 96% of the workers are satisfied with the present beneficial measures and 4% are not.

30

2.6) Table showing whether the worker applied for Mediclaim Opinion Yes No Frequency 20 80 Percentage 20 80

3.6) Chart represents the percentage of labours that are applied for mediclaim.

Applied for Mediclaim

100 80 60 40 20 0 Yes No

Inference: Above table and chart showing 20% of the workers are applied for mediclaim and 80% of workers are not.

31

2.7) Table showing reimbursement of mediclaim. Opinion Yes No Not applicable Frequency 20 0 80 Percentage 20 0 80

3.7) Chart represents the reimbursement of mediclaim. Reimbursement of mediclaim

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Not applicable

Inference: From the above table and chart we can interpret that 20% of the workers got the applied amount of mediclaim. 80% of the workers are not applied for the mediclaim benefit.

32

2.8) Table showing how the workers came to know about the job vacancy. Channel News paper Friends Local agencies Frequency 44 36 20 Percentage 44 36 20

3.8) Chart represents the channel of job vacancy.

Channel of job vacancy

44 36 20

News paper

Friends

Local agencies

Inference: From the above Table and Column its clear that 44% of the worker knew the job vacancy through News paper, 36% of the workers knew about the job vacancy through Friends and rest of the 20% of the workers through Local agencies.

33

2.9) Table showing which element attracted the worker towards this job Element Job Security Wage System Work Environment Frequency 52 8 40 Percentage 52 8 40

3.9) Chart represents the element of attraction towards the job. Element of attraction 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Job Security Wage System Work Environment

Frequency

Inference: From the above table and chart its clear that 52% of the workers are attracted by job security, 8% are attracted by wage system and 40%of workers are attracted by Work Environment.

34

2.10) Table showing Job security in work place. Job Security Always Sometimes Never Frequency 60 32 8 Percentage 60 32 8

3.10) Chart represents the job security in the work place. Job Security

70
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Always Sometimes Never

Inference: From the above table and chart it is clear that 60% 0f the workers are always satisfied with the job security in this job, 32% of them are not completely satisfied with the job security and 8% of the workers are dissatisfied with the job security.

35

2.11) Table showing the workers attitude towards piece rate wage system Opinion Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Frequency 8 32 36 24 Percentage 8 32 36 24

3.11) Chart represents the attitude of labours towards piece rate wage system.

Piece rate wage System

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

Inference: From the above table and chart it is clear that 8% of the workers are strongly agree with piece rate wage system,32% of the workers are agree with the piece rate wage system, 36% of the workers are disagree with the present wage system and 24% of them are strongly disagree with the piece rate wage system.

36

2.12) Table showing the necessity of minimum rate wage system. Opinion Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Frequency 72 24 4 0 Percentage 72 24 4 0

3.12) Chart represents the opinion of labours towards minimum wage rate system. Minimum Wage Rate System

72

24

4
Strongly Agree agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Inference: From the above Table and Chart it is clear that 72% of the workers are strongly agree with the minimum wage rate system, 24% of the workers are agree with the minimum wage rate system, 4% of the workers are disagree with this wage system and none of the workers are strongly disagree with the minimum wage rate system.
37

2.13) Table showing the satisfactory level of infrastructure facility among workers Opinion Highly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied Frequency 24 48 20 8 Percentage 24 48 20 8

3.13) Chart represents the satisfactory level of labours about the infrastructure. Infrastructure
50

40
30 20 10 0 Highly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

Inference: It is clear that 24% of the workers are highly satisfied with the infrastructure in the work place, 48% of them are satisfied, 20% of the workers are dissatisfied with the present infrastructure facility and 8% of them are highly dissatisfied.

38

2.14) Table showing opinion of labours regarding boards actions against labour grievances Opinion Always Sometimes Rarely Never No: of Respondents 40 44 16 0 Percentage 40 44 16 0

3.14) Chart represents the boards actions against grievances. Solution for grievances
44 40

16

Always

Sometimes

Rarely

Never

Inference: From this we can infer that 40% of the workers said that the board always takes an action against their grievances. 44% of the workers said that the board sometimes takes an action against their grievances. 16% of them said that the board rarely takes an action against their grievances and none of the worker said that the board never takes an action against their grievances.

39

2.15) Table showing the level of communication between supervisors and labours. Opinion High Moderate Low Frequency 44 48 8 Percentage 44 48 8

3.15) Chart represents the level of communication between supervisors and labours

Level of communication between supervisors and workers

8% 44%

48%
High Moderate Low

Inference: From the above table we can infer that 44% of the workers said that there is a high level of communication between supervisors and workers, 48% stated that there is a moderate level of communication between supervisors and workers and 8% of them stated that there is a low level of communication between supervisors and workers.

40

2.16) Table showing the relationship between supervisors and workers. Opinion Cordial Moderate Low Frequency 36 56 8 Percentage 36 56 8

3.16) Chart represents the relationship between supervisors and workers.

Relationship between supervisors and workers

56 36 8

Cordial

Moderate

Low

Inference: From the above table and chart it is clear that the 36% of the workers opinion is that the relationship between supervisors and workers is cordial, 56% of the workers opinion is that the relationship between supervisors and workers is moderate and 8% of the workers stated that the relationship between supervisors and workers is low.

41

2.17) Table showing the relationship between co-workers. Opinion Cordial Moderate Low No: of respondents 84 16 0 Percentage 84 16 0

3.17) Chart represents the relationship between co-workers.

Relationship between co-workers

100 80 60 40 20 0 Cordial Moderate Low

Inference: From the above table and chart we can infer that 84% of the workers opinion is that there is a cordial relationship between co-workers, 16% of the workers stated that there is a moderate relationship between co-workers and none of them stated that there is a low relationship between co-workers.

42

2.18) Table showing whether the workers feel under employment in this area. Opinion Always Sometimes Never No: of respondents 16 40 44 Percentage 16 40 44

3.18) Chart showing whether the workers feel under employment in this sector.

Under employment
50 40 30 20

10
0 Always Sometimes Never

Inference: From this table and chart we can infer that 16% of the workers always feel under employment, 40% of the workers sometimes feel under employment and 44% of workers never feel under employment in this sector.

43

2.19) Table showing whether the institution following mechanization. Opinion Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree No: of respondents 36 56 8 0 Percentage 36 56 8 o

3.19) Chart represents whether the institution following mechanization.

Mechanization
56 36 8

0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

Inference: From this table and chart it is clear that 36% of the workers are strongly agree with the statement, 56% of them are agree, 8% of them are disagree with the statement and none of them are strongly disagree with the statement.

44

2.20) Table showing satisfactory level of labours regarding welfare and safety measures of Payyanur khadi centre. Opinion Yes No No: of respondent 40 60 Percentage 40 60

3.20) Chart showing satisfactory level of labours.

Satisfactory level
No 60% Yes 40%

Inference: From the above table and chart we can infer that 60% of the workers are not satisfied with the safety and welfare measures of khadi and 40% of the workers are satisfied with the safety and welfare measures of khadi.

45

FINDINGS
Service is the primary motive of this enterprise. Most of the workers are well experienced persons in this sector. All the workers who were undergone this study is eligible for labour welfare measures of Khadi. 68% 0f the workers are enjoying all the welfare measures of Khadi. Most of the workers are the member of family protection scheme. The welfare measures of Khadi are beneficial to a large number of workers. Most of the workers are not applied for the Mediclaim at any circumstances and the people who are applied for the mediclaim were made beneficial to them. Most of the people attracted towards this job by the job security that are provided by the Institution. Most of the workers are not satisfied with the infrastructure. Most of the workers are not satisfied with the present labour welfare measures of khadi and they are demanding a fixed rate wage system.

46

SUGGESTIONS
Many of the workers are supporting the minimum wage rate system. That means a fixed rate wage system; this may help the workers to work effectively and efficiently in all the seasons. The Institution can provide drinking water facility for the workers. The Institution can improve the grievance handling system so that they can increase the workers satisfaction. Change in Climatic condition is negatively affecting the spinning workers, to reduce this problem the Institution should find out some solution. The people who are in the dyeing section have not that much job security, if the Institution verifies their needs it may help them to work effectively. The labours who are working in the cotton processing unit needs the mask and helmet to avoid lung diseases and skin diseases.

47

CONCLUSION
From this report it is crystal clear that the khadi is mainly focusing on service motive and of course it is surviving only because of the government grants. The study on effectiveness of labour welfare measures helps the board to know the satisfaction level of the labours about the welfare measures provided by the Institution. From this study we can infer that the majority of the employees are not satisfied with the welfare measures. So that the Institution can primarily concentrate on the labour welfare measures and secondly focuses on other facilities like drinking water facility, uniform, and safety measures to inspire the labour morale. The board has to consider the fixed rate wage system to boost the labours. Then only the productivity achieves the target.

48

QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the respondent: Place : Age : Qualification : Below SSLC SSLC Under graduation 1) Number of years of experience a) below 5 years d) more than 20 years 2) 3) Are you eligible for Khadi workers welfare measures? Yes No Which are the welfare measures that you are prevalent now? a) All the welfare measures b) Medical benefit and Educational benefit c) Medical benefit and Insurance benefit d) None of these Have you any family protection scheme provided by the Institution? Yes No Is this welfare measures are beneficial to you? Yes No Do you ever applied for the mediclaim at any circumstances? Yes No Did you get the allowed amount? Yes No Not applicable Are you enjoying the Festival allowance? Yes No How would you come to know about the job Vacancy? Through a) News paper b) Friends c) Local agencies Which element attracted you towards this job? a) Job security b) wage system c) work environment
49

Higher secondary

b) 5-10years

c) 10-20years

4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

10)

11)

Do you feel job security in this field? a) Always b) Sometimes c) Never Piece rate wage system is correct wage system. a) Strongly agree b) agree c) disagree d) strongly disagree Minimum wage system is necessary a) Strongly agree b) agree c) disagree d) strongly disagree Do you satisfied with the infrastructure? a) Highly satisfied b) satisfied c) dissatisfied d) highly dissatisfied Whether the climatic conditions influence the productivity? Yes No Level of communication with supervisors and workers a) High b) moderate c) low Relationship between supervisors and workers a) Cordial b) moderate c) indifferent Relationship between co-workers a) Cordial b) moderate c) low Does the board solve all your grievances? a) Always b) sometimes c) Rarely d) never Institution is following Job Rotation in some areas a) Strongly agree b) agree c) disagree d) strongly disagree Following mechanization in some areas a) Strongly agree b) agree c) disagree d) strongly disagree Are you feeling under employment in this sector? a) Always b) sometimes c) never Are you satisfied with the work you do? a) Always b) sometimes c) rarely d) never In general are you satisfied with the welfare and safety measures given by the Kerala khadi board? Yes No
50

12)

13)

14)

15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

21)

22) 23) 24)

25)

Kindly give your suggestions for any desired improvements in the Current welfare system ..

51