N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

I HC DN LP DUY TN
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

Ti:
XY DNG M HNH THIT K MNG CHO CNG TY TIN HC

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chuyn Ngnh : M hnh vt l cng ty

Sinh Vin
: Bi Anh Dng K 11 CDT
Saturday , December 15, 2007

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M Hnh Vt L Ca Cng Ty

INTERNET

GVHD

: Nguyn Minh Nht

SVTH

: Bi Anh Dng

LP
MSSV

: K 11 - CT
: K11.C67.1715

Thng 12/2007

LI M U
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

C th ni ngy nay trong khoa hc my tnh khng lnh vc no c th quan trng hn lnh
vc ni mng. Mng my tnh l hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni vi nhau theo mt cch no sao
cho chng c th trao i thng tin qua li vi nhau, dung chung hoc chia s d liu thng qua vic in
n hay sao chp qua a mm, CDroom.
V vy h tng mng my tnh l phn khng th thiu trong cc t chc hay cc cng ty. Trong
iu kin kinh t hin nay hu ht a s cc t chc hay cng ty c phm vi s dng b gii hn bi din
tch v mt bng u trin khai xy dng mng LAN phc v cho vic qun l d liu ni b c quan
mnh c thun li, m bo tnh an ton d liu cng nh tnh bo mt d liu mt khc mng Lan
cn gip cc nhn vin trong t chc hay cng ty truy nhp d liu mt cch thun tin vi tc cao.
Mt im thun li na l mng LAN cn gip cho ngi qun tr mng phn quyn s dng ti nguyn
cho tng i tng l ngi dng mt cch r rng v thun tin gip cho nhng ngi c trch nhim
lnh do cng ty d dang qun l nhn vin v iu hnh cng ty.

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chng I

TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH

I. LCH S RA I MNG MY TNH

Vo gia nhng nm 50, nhng h thng my tnh u tin ra i s dng bng

n in t nn kch thc rt cng knh v tiu tn nhiu nng lng. Vic nhp d liu
vo my tnh c thc hin thng qua cc bia c l v kt qu c a ra my in,iu
ny lm mt rt nhiu thi gian v bt tin cho ngi s dng.
n gia nhng nm 60, cng vi s pht trin ca cc ng dng trn my
tnh v nhu cu trao i thng tin vi nhau , mt s nh sn xut my tnh nghin
cu ch to thnh cng cc thit b truy cp t xa ti cc my tnh ca h, v y
chnh l nhng dng s khai ca h thng my tnh.
n u nhng nm 70, h thng thit b u cui 3270 ca IBM ra i cho
php kh nng tnh ton ca cc trung tm my tnh n cc vng xa. n gia nhng
nm 70, IBM gii thiu mt lot cc thit b u cui c thit k ch to cho lnh
vc ngn hng, thng mi. Thng qua dy cp mng cc thit b u cui c th truy
cp cng mt lc n mt my tnh dng chung. n nm 1977, cng ty Datapoint
Corporation tung ra th trng h iu hnh mng ca mnh lAttache Resource
Computer Network (Arcnet) cho php lin kt cc my tnh v cc thit b u cui li
bng dy cp,v chnh l h iu hnh mng u tin.
II. KHI NIM C BN CA MNG MY TNH

Ni mt cch c bn, mng my tnh l hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni vi

nhau theo mt cch no sao cho chng c th trao i thng tin qua li vi nhau.
Mng my tnh ra i xut pht t nhu cu mun chia s v dng chung d liu
.Khng co h thng mng th d liu trn cc my tnh c lp mun chia s vi nhau
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

phi thng qua vic in n sao chp qua a mm, CD ROM.. gy rt nhiu bt tin cho
ngi dng. Cc my tnh c kt ni thnh mng cho php cc kh nng:
+ S dng chung cc cng c tin ch
+Chia s kho d liu dng chung
+ Tng tin cy ca h thng
+ Trao i thng ip, hnh nh
+ Dng chung cc thit b ngoi vi(my in, my v, Fax, modem...)
+ Gim thiu chi ph v thi gian i li
III. KIN THC C BN CA MNG LAN

Mng cc b (Lan) l h thng tc cao c thit k kt ni cc my tnh

v cc thit b x l d liu khc cng hot ng vi nhau trong mt khu vc a l nh
nh mt tng ca ta nh, hoc trong mt ta nh... Mt s mng Lan c th kt ni li
vi nhau trong mt khu vc lm vic.
Cc mng Lan tr nn thng dng v n cho php nhng ngi s dng dng
chung nhng ta nguyn quan trng nh my in mu, a CD ROM ,cc phn mm ng
dng v nhng thng tin cn thit khc. Trc khi pht trin cng ngh Lan cc my tnh
l c lp vi nhau, b hn ch bi s lng cc chng trnh tin ch, sau khi kt ni
mng r rng hiu qu ca chng tng ln gp bi.

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chng II

TNG QUAN V MNG LAN V THIT K MNG LAN

I. CC KHI NIM C BN

1. Cu trc topo ca mng

Cu trc topo (network topology) ca mng LAN l kin trc hnh hc th hin cch b
tr cc ng dy cp, sp xp cc my tnh kt ni thnh mng hon chnh. Hu ht cc
mng LAN ngy nay u c thit k hot ng da trn mt cu trc mng nh tuyn,
dng vng cng vi nhng cu trc kt hp ca chng.
2. Mng hnh sao (Star topology)
Mng hnh sao bao gm mt b kt ni trung tm v cc nt. Cc nt ny l cc trm
u v cui, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc ca mng. B ni trung tm ca mng iu
phi mi hot ng trong mng.
Mng hnh sao cho php kt ni cc my tnh v mt b trung tm (Hub) bng cp, gii
php ny cho php ni trc tip my tnh vi Hub khng cn thng qua trc Bus, trnh c
cc yu t gy ngng tr mng.

Hnh II.1: Cu trc mng hnh sao

M hnh kt ni mng hnh sao ngy nay tr nn ht sc ph bin. Vi vic s dng
cc b tp trung hoc chuyn mch, cu trc mng hnh sao c th c m rng mng bng
cch t chc nhiu mc phn cp, do vy d dng trong vic qun l v vn hnh.

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh sao

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

- Hot ng theo nguyn l ni song song nn c mt thit b no mt nt thng

tin b hng th mng vn hot ng bnh thng.
- Cu trc mng n gin v cc thut ton iu khin n nh
- Mng c th d dng m rng hoc thu hp
* Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh sao
- Kh nng m rng mng hon ton ph thuc vo kh nng ca thit b
- Trung tm c s c th ton mng ngng hot ng
- Mng yu cu ni c lp ring r tng thit b cc nt thng tin n trung tm ,
khong cch t my trung tm rt hn ch (100 m)
3. Mng hnh tuyn Bus (Bus topology)
Thc hin theo cch b tr hnh lang, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc cc nt
mngu c ni vi nhau trn mt trc ng dy cp chnh chuyn ti tn hiu.
Tt c cc nt u s dng chung ng dy cp chnh ny.
Pha hai u dy cp c bt bi mt thit b gi l terminator. Cc tn hiu v d liu
khi truyn i dy cp u mang theo a ch ca ni n.

Hnh II. 2: M hnh mng hnh tuyn

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh tuyn

- Loi hnh mng ny dng dy t nht, d lp t, gi r.

* Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh tuyn
- S n tc giao thng khi di chuyn d liu vi dung lng ln.
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

- Khi c s hng hc mt b phn no th rt kh pht hin

- Ngng trn ng dy sa cha th phi ngng ton b h thng nn cu trc ny
ngy nay t c s dng.

4. Mng dng vng (Ring topology)

Mng dng ny, c b tr theo dng xoay vng, ng dy cp c thit k lm
thnh mt vng kho kn, tn hiu c chy theo mt chiu no . Cc nt truyn tn hiu
cho nhau mi thi im ch c mt nt m thi. D liu truyn i phi km theo mt a ch
c th ca mi trm tip nhn.
* u im ca mng dng vng
- Mng dng vng c thun li l n c th m rng mng ra xa hn, tng ng dy
cn thit t hn so vi hai kiu trn.
- Mi trm c th t c tc ti a khi truy nhp.
* Nhc im ca mng dng vng
- ng dy phi khp kn, nu b ngt mt thi im no d th ton h thng cng b
ngng.

Hnh II. 3: M hnh mng dng vng

5. Mng dng kt hp
Kt hp hnh sao v tuyn (Star/ Bus topology) . Cu hnh mng dng ny c b phn
tch tn hiu (Spiter) gi vai tr thit b trung tm, ht hng dy cp mng c th chn hoc
Ring topology hoc Linear Bus topology. Li im ca cu hnh ny l mng c th gm
nhiu nhm lm vic cch xa nhau, ARCNE l mng dng kt hp Star/ Bus Topology .
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Cu hnh dng ny a li s uyn chuyn trong vic b tr cc ng dy tng thch d

dng vi bt c to nh no.
Kt hp hnh sao v vng (Star/ Ring topology). Cu hnh dng kt hp Star/ Ring
topology), c mt th bi lin lc (Token) c chuyn vng quanh mt ci Hub trung tm.
Mi trm lm vic (Workstation) c ni vi Hub l cu ni gia cc trm lm vic v
tng khong cch cn thit.
II. CC PHNG PHP TRUY NHP NG TRUYN
Khi c ci t vo trong mng my tnh th cc my trm phi tun th theo nhng
quy tc nh trc c th s dng ng truyn, l phng thc truy nhp ng
truyn. Phng thc truy nhp ng truyn v n c nh ngha l cc th tc iu
hng trm lm vic lm th no v lc no c th thm nhp vo ng dy cp gi hay
nhn cc gi thng tin. C 3 phng thc c bn nh sau:
II.1 GIAO THC CSMA/CD (carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)

Giao thc ny thng c dng cho mng c cu trc hnh tuyn, cc my trm cng
chia s mt knh truyn thng chung, cc trm u c c hi thm nhp ng truyn nh
nhau (Multiple Access).
Tuy nhin ti mt thi im th ch c mt trm c truyn d liu m thi, trc khi
truyn d liu, mi trm phi lng nghe ng truyn chc chn rng ng truyn ang
ri (carrier Sense). Nu gp ng truyn ri mi c truyn.
Trong trng hp hai trm thc hin vic truyn d liu ng thi, lc ny kh nng xy
ra xung t d liu s l rt cao. Cc trm tham gia phi pht hin c s xung t v
thng bo ti cc trm khc gy ra xung t (Collision Dection), ng thi cc trm phi
ngng thm nhp truyn d liu ngay, ch i ln sau trong khong thi gian ngu nhin
no ri mi tip tc truyn tip.

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Khi lu lng cc gi d liu cn di chuyn trn mng qu cao, th vic xung t c th

xy ra vi s lng ln dn n lm chm tc truyn thng tin ca h thng.
II.2. GIAO THC TRUYN TH BI

Giao thc ny thng c dng trong cc mng LAN c cu trc dng vng s dng
k thut chuyn th bi (token) cp pht quyn truy nhp ng truyn d liu i.
Th bi y l mt n v d liu c bit, c kch thc v ni dung (gm cc thng
tin iu khin ) c quy nh ring cho mi giao thc. Trong ng dy cp lin tc c mt
th bi chy quanh trong mng.
Phn d liu ca th bi c mt bt biu din trng thi s dng ca n (Bn hoc ri).
Trong th bi c cha mt a ch ch v mng dng xoay vng th trt t ca s truyn th
bi tng ng vi trt t vt l ca trm xung quanh vng. Mt trm mun truyn d liu
th phi i n khi nhn c mt th bi ri, khi trm s i bt trng thi ca th bi
thnh bn, nn gi d liu c km theo a ch ni nhn vo th bi v truyn i theo chiu
ca vng. th bi lc ny tr thnh khung mang d liu. Trm ch sau khi nhn khung mang
d liu ny s copy d liu vo b m ri tip tc truyn khung theo vng nhng thm mt
thng tin xc nhn. Trm ngun nhn li khung ca mnh (theo vng) nhn ng, ri bt
bn thnh bt ri v truyn th bi i.
V th bi chy vng quanh trong mng kn v c mt th nn vic ng d liu
khng th xy ra. Do vy hiu sut truyn d liu ca mng khng thay i, trong cc giao
thc ny cn gii quyt hai vn c th dn n ph v h thng. Mt l vic mt th bi
lm cho trn vng khng cn th bi lu chuyn na. Hai l mt th bi tun th ng s
phn chia ca mi trng mng, hot ng da vo s xoay vng ti cc trm. Vic truyn
th bi s khng thc hin c nu vic xoay vng b t on. Giao thc phi cha cc
th tc kim tra th bi cho php khi phc li th bi b mt hoc thay th trng thi ca
th bi v cung cp cc phng tin sa i logic (thm vo, bt i hoc nh li trt t
ca cc trm).
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.3. GIAO THC FDDL

FDDL l k thut dng cc mng c cu trc vng, chuyn th bi tc cao bng

phng tin cp si quang.
FDDL s dng c ch chuyn th bi trong vng trn khp kn. Lu thng trn mng
FDDL bao gm 2 lung ging nhau theo hai hng ngc nhau. FDDL thng c s
dng vi hai mng trc trn nhng mng LAN cng sut thp c th ni vo. Cc mng
LAN i hi tc truyn d liu cao v di bng thng ln cng c th s dng FDDL.

Hnh II. 4: Cu trc mng dng vng ca FDDL

III. CC K THUT CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN
III.1 PHN ON MNG LAN
III.1.1 MC CH CA PHN ON MN G LAN

Mc ch ca phn chia bng thng hp l p ng nhu cu ca cc ng dng trong

mng. ng thi tn dng hiu qu nht bng thng ang c. thc hin tt iu ny cn
hiu r khi nim : Min xung t(Collition domain) v min qung b (Broadcast domain)
* Min xung t (cn gi l min bng thng Bandwith domain)
Nh miu t trong hot ng ca Ethernet, hin tng xung t xy ra khi hai trm
trong cng mt phn on mng ng thi truyn khung, Min xung t c nh ngha l
vng mng m trong cc khung pht ra c th gy xung t vi nhau. Cng nhiu trm
trong cng mt min cung t th s lm tng s xung t v lm gim tc ng truyn.
V th m min xung t cn c th gi l min bng thng (cc trm trong cng min ny
s chia s bng thng ca min).
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Khi s dng cc thit b kt ni khc nhau, ta s phn chia mng thnh cc min xung
t v min qung b khc nhau.
III.1.2 PHN ON MNG BNG REPEATER

Thc cht repeater khng phn on mng m ch m rng on mng v mt vt l.

Ni chnh xc th repeater cho php m rng min xung t.

Hnh II. 5: Kt ni mng Ethernet 10 Base T s dng Hub

H thng mng 10 Base T s dng Hub nh l mt b repeater nhiu cng. Cc my
trm cng ni mt Hub s thuc cng mt min xung t.
Gi s 8 trm ni cng mt Hub 10 Base T tc 10Mb/s, v ti mt thi im ch c
mt trm c truyn khung nn bng thng trung bnh mi trm c c l :
10 Mb/s : 8 trm=1,25 Mbps /1 trm.
Hnh sau minh ho min xung t v min qung b khi s dng repeater:

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh II. 6: Min xung t v min qung b khi phn on mng bng Repeater
Mt iu cn ch khi s dng repeater m rng mng th khong cch xa nht
gia 2 trm s b hn ch. Trong hot ng ca Ethernet trong cng mt min xung t,
gi tr slotTime s quy nh vic kt ni cc thit b, vic s dng nhiu repeater lm tng
gi tr tr truyn khung vt qu gi tr cho php gy ra hot ng khng ng trong
mng.

Hnh II. 7: Quy nh vic s dng Repeater lin kt mng

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

III.1.3. PHN ON MNG BNG CU NI

Cu ni hot ng tng 2 trong m hnh OSI, n c kh nng kim tra phn a ch

MAC trong khung v da vo a ch ngun, a ch ch n s ra quyt nh y khung
ny ti u. Quan trng l qua ta c th lin kt cc min xung t vi nhau trong
cng mt min qung b m cc min xung t ny vn c lp vi nhau.

Hnh II.8: Vic truyn tin din ra bn A khng din ra bn B

Khc vi trng hp s dng repeater trn, bng thng lc ny ch b chia s trong
tng min xung t, mi my tnh trm c s dng nhiu bng thng hn, li ch khc
ca vic s dng cu ni l ta c hai min xung t ring bit nn mi min c ring gi tr
slottime do vy c th m rng ti a cho tng min

Hnh II.9: Min xung t v min qung b vi vic s dng Bridge

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Tuy nhin vic s dng cu ni b gii hn bi quy tc 80/20, theo quy tc ny th cu

ni ch hot ng hiu qu khi ch c 20 % ti ca phn on i qua cu, 80% l ti trng
ni b phn on.

Hnh II.10: Quy tc 80/20 i vi vic s dng Bridge

III.1.4 PHN ON MNG BNG ROUTER

Router hot ng tng 3 trong m hnh OSI, n c kh nng kim tra header ca gi
IP nn a ra quyt nh, n v d liu m cc b nh tuyn thao tc l cc b nh
tuyn ng thi to ra cc min xung t v min qung b ring bit

Hnh II. 11: Phn on mng bng Router

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

III.1.5 PHN ON MNG BNG B CHUYN MCH

B chuyn mch l thit b phc tp nhiu cng cho php cu hnh theonhiu cch
khc nhau. C th cu hnh cho n tr thnh nhiu cu o nh sau:

Hnh II. 12: C th cu hnh b chuyn mch thnh nhiu cu hnh o

Bng tng kt thc hin phn on mng bng cc thit b kt ni khc nhau
Thit b

Min xung t

Min qung b

Repeater

Mt

Mt

Bridge

Nhiu

Mt

Router

Nhiu

Nhiu

Switch

Nhiu

Mt hoc Nhiu

III.2 CC CH CHUYN MCH TRONG LAN

Nh phn trn trnh by, b chuyn mch cung cp kh nng tng t nh cu ni,
nhng c kh nng thch ng tt hn trong trng hp phi m rng quy m, cng nh
trong trng hp phi ci thin hiu sut vn hnh ca ton mng. B chuyn kt ni
nhiu on mng hoc thit b thc hin chc nng ca n bng cch xy dng v duy tr
mt c s d liu danh sch cc cng v cc phn on mng kt ni ti. Khi mt khung
tin gi ti, b chuyn mch s kim tra a ch ch c trong khung tin. Sau tm s cng
tng ng trong c s d liu gi khung tin n ng cng, cch thc vn chuyn
khung tin cho hai ch chuyn mch:
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chuyn mch lu v - chuyn (store- and- forward switching)

Chuyn mch ngay (cut through switch)
III.2.1 CHUYN MCH LU V CHUYN

Cc b chuyn mch lu v chuyn hot ng nh cu ni. Trc ht, khi c khung

tin gi ti, b chuyn mch s nhn ton b khung tin, kim tra tnh ton vn ca d liu
ca khung tin, sau mi chuyn tip khung tin ti cng cn chuyn.
Khung tin trc ht phi c lu li kim tra tnh ton vn do s c mt tr
nht nh t khi d liu c nhn ti khi d liu c chuyn i, vi ch chuyn
mch ny cc khung tin m bo tnh ton vn mi c chuyn mch. Cc khung tin li
s khng c chuyn t phn on mng ny n phn on mng khc.
III.2.2 CHUYN MCH NGAY

Cc b chuyn mch ngay hot ng nhanh hn so vi cc b chuyn mch lu v

chuyn, b chuyn mch c a ch ch phn u khung tin ri chuyn ngay khung tin
ti cng tng ng m khng cn kim tra tnh ton vn. Khung tin c chuyn ngay
thm ch trc khi b chuyn mch nhn dng bt d liu. Khung tin i ra khi b
chuyn mch trc khi n c nhn cc b chuyn mch i mi c kh nng gim
st cc cng ca n v quyt nh s s dng phng php chuyn ngay sang phng
php lu v chuyn nu s li trnc cng vt qu mt ngng xc nh.

IV. M HNH THIT K MNG LAN

IV.1 M HNH PHN CP (Hierarchical models)

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh II.13: M hnh mng phn cp

Cu trc

- Lp li (Core Layer) y l trc xng sng ca mng (Backbone), thng c

dng cc b chuyn mch c tc co (high speed switching), thng c cc c tnh
nh tn cy cao, c cng sut d tha, c kh nng t khc phc li, c kh nng lc
gi, hay lc cc tin trnh ang chuyn trong mng
- Lp phn tn (Distribution Layer) Lp phn tn l ranh gii gia lp truy nhp v
lp li ca mn. Lp phn tn thc hin cc chc nng nh m bo g d liu n tng
phn on mng, m bo an ninh an ton phn on mng theo nhm cng tc. Chia
min Broadcast/ Multicast, nh tuyn gia cc LAN o (VLAN), chuyn mi trng
truyn dn, nh tuyn gia cc min, to bin gii gia cc min trong tuyn nh tuyn
tnh v ng, thc hin cc b lc gi (theo a ch, theo s hiu cng..). Thc hin
cc c ch m bo cht lng dch v QOS.
- Lp truy nhp (Access Layer) lp truy nhp cung cp cc kh nng truy nhp cho ngi
dng cc b hay t xa truy nhp vo mng. Thng c thc hin bng cc b tuyn
mch (Switch) Trong mi trng campus, hay cc cng ngh WAN
nh gi m hnh
- Gi thnh thp
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

- D ci t
- D m rng
- D c lp li
IV.2 M HNH AN NINH

H thng tng la 3 phn (Three- part Firewall System ) c bit quan trng trong
thit k WAN, chng ti s trnh by trong chng 3. y ch nu mt kha cnh chung
nht cu trc ca m hnh s dng trong thit k mng LAN

Hnh II.14: M hnh tng la 3 phn

LAN c lp lm vngm gia mng cng tc vi bn ngoi (LAN c lp c
gi l khu phi qun s hay vng DMZ)
Thit b nh tuyn trong c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng
cng tc.
Thit b nh tuyn ngoi c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng
ngoi.

Chng II

THIT K MNG VLAN

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***** Trang 019 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

I: PHN TCH YU CU T RA
I.1 Mc ch la chn ti
Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ang pht trin nh v bo ny th nhu cu con
ngi con ngi cng i hi cao hn na, T khi c my tnh ra i th n c th thay
th dn con ngi nhng cng vic tnh ton thm ch c lm cng vic g na, v trong
cuc sng con ngi chng ta cng c nhng nhu cu trao i thng tin, mua bn. Ngy
trc kia th chng ta mua bn hng ho vt cht thng qua trao tay, nhng ngy nay th
cng vic cn thc hin c trn c my tnh tu theo nhu cu ca ngi mua, c th
mt ngi ni xa nhng vn c th mua c nhng mt hng m khng cn phi n
tn ni mua.
Mc ch m em chn ti ny l gip cho cc nhn vin trong cng ty hoc doanh
nghip c th trao i thng tin, chia s thm d liu.. gip cho cng vic ca cc nhn
vin thm thun tin v nng sut lao ng s t hiu qu rt cao v lm c iu ny
th cc doanh nghip s rt c li cho vic c cu t chc cc phng ban, v hn na l s
gim chi ph cho cc doanh nghip mt khon chi ph rt ln. Vic xy dng ti thit k
mng LAN cho cng ty cng gip cho chng em rt nhiu cho cng vic sau ny: Cng c
thm kin thc , kinh nghim thit k cc m hnh cch qun l, hn th na l thng qua
ti ny n s cung cp cho chng em c thm ci nhn su hn na v ngnh cng ngh
thng tin v c th ng dng su rng vo trong thc t cuc sng chng ta.
Ngoi ra thit k h tng mng my tnh cn c th lin kt cho cc nhn vin (sinh
vin, ngi s dng my tnh), c th truy cp, s dng thun tin, nhanh chng rt ngn
thi gian v em li hiu qu cao trong cng vic..
I.2. Yu cu ti:
Do nhu cu trao i thng tin, chia s ti nguyn mng nn cng thc y nhanh qu
trnh pht trin mng my tnh, Ngy nay trong cc phng ban ca cng ty no hu nh
mng my tnh cng thm nhp vo. Nhm gp phn thm vo qu trnh pht trin ca
******************************
***** Trang 020 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

nghnh cng ngh thng tin ni chung cng nh gii quyt c nhu cu trao i thng
tin, ti nguyn trong mt cng ty, doanh nghip ni ring nn em la chn ti ny.
Thit k mng LAN cho vn phng cng ty l mt ti mang tnh cht thc t Vic thit
k mng LAN trong cng ty hoc cho doanh nghip em li cho doanh nghip c c s
tit kim v kinh ph cho cc thit b nh : My in , chia s ti nguyn thng tin gia cc
nhn vin gia cc phng ban. iu ny em li s thun tin cho cc nhn vin, y
nhanh tc lm vic v tng hiu qu lm vic ca cng ty.
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh thit k mng LAN chng ta cng cn tun th nhng yu cu
v k thut, cu trc t ra nh:

Yu cu v k thut

Yu cu v hiu nng

Yu cu v ng dng

Yu cu v qun l mng

Yu cu v an ninh-an ton mng.

Yu cu v rng buc v ti chnh,thi gian thc hin

Yu cu v chnh tr ca d n ,xc nh ngun nhn lc xc nh cc

ti nguyn c v c th ti s dng.

I.3 Kho st v tr lp t cc thit b trong vn phng cng ty

M hnh cng ty tin hc bao gm 3 tng.

******************************
***** Trang 021 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Tng mt: L ni giao dch vi khch hng v cng l ni trng by cc trang

thit b my mc. Phng ny c lp t : 5 my tnh c dng cho nhn vin

ni giao dch cng khch hng cng nh tm kim trao i thm thng tin trn
Internet
Tng 2 : L phng bo tr h thng, phng gm 2 phng nh : 1phng ln

+ 1 phng l ni nhn bo tr cc thit b cho khch hng

+ 1 phng l ni kim tra bo tr cc li thng dng cho khch hng trong qu trnh s
dng b h hng. Nu trong qu trnh kim tra li khng th s c th chuyn i n
phng bo tr cho khch hng.
+ 1 Phng ln l ni ci t my v thit b cho khch hng, cng l ni bo tr h thng
cc li cho khch hng, giao nhn my cho khch hng.
Tng trn cng l tng dnh ring cho phng gim c, ph gim c, v phng

hi ng qun tr cng ty.

I.4 iu kin thi cng v chng loi vt liu thi cng
Do cng ty c 3 tng nn h thng cp cng c t chc cao. Cp dng cho h thng
l loi cp UTP CAT5, do nhu cu truyn dn tn hiu tt v tnh thm m cho cng ty nn
chng ta dng thm cc ng np dy cho gn gng v chng nhiu t gia cc dy vi
nhau.
I.5 La chn gii php v m hnh thit k
I.5.1 La chn h iu hnh mng
Nhm qun l tt v tng cng h thng bo mt d liu cho cng ty th em la chn
h iu hnh : WindowServer hoc Server 2003. Nu dng h iu hnh ny th ngoi
nhng tnh nng ca Window XP c n cn c thm tnh nng bo mt v phn chia qun
cho cc my con khc tt hn
I.5.2 La chn kin trc mng
******************************
***** Trang 022 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Cng ty l mt doanh nghip thuc loi va v nh nn em chn gii php l mng

LAN dy dn v m hnh l Star. Ngha l c mt phng t cc thit b trung tm t
dn dy n cc phng cn li. v y cng thuc loi m hnh Client / Server thng
c dng trong cc donh nghip cng ty.
I.5.3 La chn gii php k thut (kh nng vn hnh, tnh tng thch, qun l.)
Vic thit k gii php sao cho tho mn v p ng c nhu cu khch hng
khng phi l mt iu d dng cht no, p ng c ng nhu cu cho khch hng
v mt k thut, cng nh tnh thm m, gi thnh va kinh ph ca cng ty a ra th,
chng ta phi kho st, thit k, lp c bng d tr thit b sao tht k lng c t h
thng mng, la chn gii php cho mt h thng mng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh
sau.
- Kinh ph dnh cho h thng mng chng ta xy dng, y l vn c t ln hng
u ca nhng ai bt tay vo xy dng mng.
- Cng ngh ph bin trn th trng hin nay, nh chng ta bit do nhu cu i hi
ca ngi ng ngy cng cao p thay th dn con ngi, th h thng my mc v
trang thit b cng ngy cng tnh t v c nhiu chc nng hn. V vy trong cuc sng
hng ngy cng vy nu chng ta khng thng xuyn trao di kn thc v tm kim
thng tin bo ch v cc linh kin thit b th chng ta s khng th no c nhng trang
thit b tt v hp l cho cng ty c. Vy nn phi thng xuyn truy cp thng tin bo
ch nhanh chng bt c nhng ti liu v nhng trang thit b mi ra.

II. THIT K S MNG

II.1 Thit k s mng tng vt l

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***** Trang 023 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

S i dy l mt trong nhng vn cn phi c xem xt khi thit k mt mng. Cc

vn thit k mc ny lin quan n vic chn la cc loi cp c s dng s i
dy cp phi tho mn cc rng buc v bng thng v khong cch a l ca mng.
S mng hnh sao s dng cp xon i CAT 5 thng c dng hin nay. i vi
cc mng nh th ch cn mt im tp trung ni kt cho tt c cc my tnh vi iu kin
rng khong cch t my tnh n im tp trung ni l khng qu 100 mt.
Thng thng trong mt to nh ngi ta chn ra mt phng c bit lp t cc thit b
mng nh Hub, Switch, Router hay cc bng cm dy (Patch Panels Ngi ta gi phng
ny l i Ni phn phi chnh MDF (Main distribution factity).

******************************
***** Trang 024 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chuyn Ngnh: M hnh vt l cng ty

Sinh Vin: Bi Anh Dng K11 CDT
Saturday, December 15, 2007

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******************************
***** Trang 025 *****
**********

INTERNET

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.2 Thit k s mng mc logic

N CHUYN NGNH : M HNH LOGIC CNG TY

Sinh Vin :Bi Anh Dng K 11 CDT
Saturday , December 15, 2007

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******************************
***** Trang 026 *****
**********
Phng K Thut

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

N CHUYN NGNH : M HNH LOGIC CNG TY

Sinh Vin :Bi Anh Dng K 11 CDT
Saturday , December 15, 2007

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******************************
***** Trang 027 *****
**********

INTERNET

itc

L3

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.3 La chn thit b

Vic la chn thit b cho vic lp t h thng mng cng rt quan trong, vic
kho st cng ty v nhu cu ca cng ty t ra th no th vic la chn thit b cng
nh hng n rt nhiu. Nhu cu cng ty t ra nh no h thng gm bao nhiu
phng ban, my mc yu cu th no. T nhng vic trn chng ta mi cn c vo
v a ra bng d tr v danh sch nhng loi thit b no chng ta nn dng v
nhng thit b no chng ta c th nng cp thm.
La chn thit b ch yu da vo nhu cu ca khch hng v kinh ph chi tr cho
cc thit b.
II.4 La chn phn mm
Ngy nay khi m h thng mng my tnh pht trin kh rng ri trong cc cng ty t
chc. Th vn bo mt thng tin, c s d liu c t ln hng u, nht l cc t chc
ln khi kt ni Internet cho nhn vin thun tin trong lm vic th vn bo mt ti liu
cng ty l quan trng nht. Chnh iu nn khi thit k hay phn tch th chng ta cng
phi la chn thm mt s phn mm thng dng tng bo mt c s d liu nh l
-

La chn cc h iu hnh Winserver 2000, Window NT, hay 2003 Server ginh

cho h thng my ch, v cc h iu hnh ny c thm chc nng bo mt v phn quyn

truy cp chia s ti nguyn hn WinXP v cc h iu hnh khc.
-

La chn thm cc phn mm ng dng, qun tr c s d liu (SQL, Oracle),,

phn mm vn phng..
-

Ngoi ra chng ta cng c thm cc phn mm phng v dit virus, phn mm

chng t nhp v cng ty kt ni Internet th khng th no thiu c nhng phn mm :

Sendmail,PostOffice,Nestcape,...
II. 5 Thit b bo v in p

Trong qu trnh hot ng th vn in p cng l iu ng ni n, trong mt cng

ty vi h thng my tnh v Server ln th vn n nh ngun in cho cc thit b hot

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***** Trang 028 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

ng ng cng sut l iu cn phi c, d phng cho cc trng hp xu c th nh

l: Mt in t ngt, hoc h thng my tnh c s c, hoc in p dng cho h thng
my cao v n nh. Trong trngg hp ny chng ta c th nng cp thm mt n p in,
mt my pht in d phng.
II.6 Lp k hoch thc hin

Sau khi ln bng d tr thit b v cc danh sch cc loi thit b chng ta nn

dng ri, th iu cng tht quan trng trong giai on ny l lp k hoch thc hin,
trin khai lp t chnh thc. Cch sp xp b tr cng vic th no cho hp l, va
tt chi ph thp nht va em li hiu qu cao.
V vic lp k hoch thc hin tt th trnh cho chng ta nhng kh khn gp
phi trong qu trnh thc hin: Nhng ny sinh ngoi d tnh v lp k hoch th
chng ta c th kim tra c cng vic trin khai n u v cht lng th no.

******************************
***** Trang 029 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Chng III

CI T KIM TH VLAN
I. CI T H IU HNH CHO SERVER
Do vic qun l cc h thng my con c nhng iu rt phc tp: Vic phn
quyn s dng ti nguyn, chia s d liu, v qun l tp trung i hi phi c nhng
phn mm qun l v mt trong nhng phn mm lm c iu ny l H iu
hnh(phn mm h thng).
H iu hnh thng dng cho Server l cc h iu hnh: Server 2003 , Window
2000 v hn na l loi Server 2008.
II. CI T CC DCH V MNG V CC GIAO THC
II.1. CI T DCH V DHCP
II.1.1 Khi nim DHCP c vit tt bi cm t Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol (Giao thc cu hnh a ch IP ng) l phn m rng ca

BootProtocol DHCP c nhim v l cp pht a ch IP ng cho cc Client. DHCP
lm theo m hnh Client/ Serve, qu trnh tng tc gia Client v Server din ra nh
sau:
+ Khi my Client khi ng n s t ng gi mt gi tin yu cu n my
Server trong gi tin c km theo a chi MAC ca my Client.
+ My Server trn mng nhn c yu cu lin cp mt a ch IP ng
cho my Client trong khong thi gian nht nh ng thi cng km theo mt
SubnetMask v a ch IP ca Server.
+ Sau Client s gi thng ip chp nhn IP li cho Server v my Server
s lc ra nhng IP no cha cp v cp cho cc Client tip theo.

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***** Trang 030 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.1.2 CI T DCH V DHCP

II.1.2.1 Ci t dich v DHCP cho my phc v

1.1 Ci t

Cc my khch s nhn a ch IP mt cch t ng t dch v cp pht a ch

IP ng DHCP. Dch v ny c ci t trn my ch nh sau:

+ Bc 1: start settingcontrol pannel. Double click vo add/remove

program chn tab add/remove windows components v i trong giy lt mt

bng danh sch xut hin.

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***** Trang 031 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 2: Hp thoi NETWORK SERVER xut hin.

a hp sng n mc Network Server v nhn nt Detail lm xut hin ca

s Network Server.

******************************
***** Trang 032 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 3: Trong ca s Network Server nh du chn mc Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol (DHCP) v nhn OK.

+ Bc 4: Tr li hp thoi Network Server chn Next tip tc.

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***** Trang 033 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 5: Windows s cu hnh v ci t cc thnh phn ca dch v DHC.

Trong qu trnh ci t Windows i hi phi Insert a CD Windows Server 2003.

+ Bc 6: n khi hp thoi Completing the Windows Components Wizard,

chn Finish hon tt.

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***** Trang 034 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

1.2 Cu hnh DHCP

+ Bc 1: T menu Start/ Administrator tool / DHCP. Ca s DHCP xut hin.

+ Bc 2: Trong ca s DHCP. Chn menu Action / New Scope

******************************
***** Trang 035 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 3: Hp thoi New Scope Wizard xut hin chn Next tip tc.

+ Bc 4: Hp thoi Scope Name xut hi, nhp tn v ch thch cho Scope sau

chn Next.

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***** Trang 036 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 5: Hp thoi IP Address Range xut hin. Nhp a ch bt u v a

ch kt thc cho dy a ch cp pht, ng thi nhp a ch Sup netMask ri chn

Next sang bc tip theo..

+ Bc 6: Hp thoi Add Exculusions dng xc nh dy a ch cn loi

b ra khi danh sch a ch cp pht ca bc 5.

******************************
***** Trang 037 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 7: Trong hp thoi Lease Duration, cho bit thi gian m cc my

Client c th s dng cc a ch IP ny. Mc nh thi y l 8 ngy. Chn Next

tio tc.

******************************
***** Trang 038 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 8: Hp thoi Configure DHCP Option xut hin. Ta c th chn Yes, I

want to configure these option now ( thit lp them cc cu hnh tu chn khc),
hoc chn No, will configure these options later ( hon tt vic cu hnh cho
scope ). Chn No, I will configure these options later, nhn Next tip tc.

******************************
***** Trang 039 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 9: Trong hp thoi Activate scope hi ta c mun kch hot Scope ny

khng. V Scope ch c th cp pht a ch khi c kch hot, chn Yes, I want to

activate this scope now. Nhn Next tip tc.

******************************
***** Trang 040 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

+ Bc 10: Hp thoi Completing the New Scope Wizard thng bo vic thit

lp cu hnh cho Scope hon tt, nhn Finish kt thc.

III. NNG CP DOMAIN TRN WINSERVER 2003

+ Bc 1: T menu Start Run nhp vo hp thoi l DCPROMO ri nhn

OK

Hnh 1

+ Bc 2: Hp thoi Active Directory install Wizad xut hin, chn Next

chuyn n hp thoi tip theo.

******************************
***** Trang 041 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 2
+ Bc 3: Trong hp thoi Domain Controller Type, chn Domain Controller

for a new domain to domain mi. Nu mun thm domain khc c th ta

chn Additon domain controller for an existing domain.

Hnh 3

Ta chn Domain controller for a new domain ri nhn Next.

+ Bc 4: Create New domain:

Domain in a new forest : To mt min mi trong rng mi Child Domain in an

existing Domain tree: To mt min con trong cy c.

******************************
***** Trang 042 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 4:

Domain tree in existing forest : To mt cy mi trong rng mi. Ta chn

Domain in a new forest nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo.
+ Bc 5: Hp thoi New Domain Name, t tn ca domain trong trng Full

DNS name for new domain v chn Next .

+ Bc 6: Hp thoi NextBios Domain Name.

Mc nh l trng vi tn Domain, tip tc chn Next

******************************
***** Trang 043 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 5
+ Bc 7: Hp thoi Database end Log Folders, cho php ch nh v tr lu tr

Database v cc tp tin Log.

Chn v tr cn lu bng cch nhn nt Browse.., Nhn Next tip tc..

Hnh 6
+ Bc 8: Hp thoi Share System Volume ch nh v tr th mc SYSVOL

(th mc ny phi nm trn Parition c nh dng l NTFS). nu mun thay i th

nhn Nt Browse.. , Nhn Next tip tc.

******************************
***** Trang 044 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 7:
+ Bc 9: Hp thoi Configure DNS chn YES, I will config the DNS Client

(Nu mun cu hn cho DNS ), No Just install and configure DNS on this computer
(Nu mun cu hnh DNS sau ny ). Ta chn NO, Just install and Computer
configure DNS on this computer, sau nhn Next tip tc vic ci t.

Hnh 8
+ Bc 10: Hp thoi Permission.

Permisssion compatible with pre- Windows 2000 Server opertion system: Nu

h thng l cc phin bn trc 2000 Server.
Permission compatible only with Windows Server 2000 or Windows Server
2003 Operating system: Nu h thng l Windows Server 2000 hay Server 2003
trng hp ny ta chn permission compatible only with Windows 2000 hay
Windows 2003 Operating syste, Nhn Next tip tc.

******************************
***** Trang 045 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 9
+ Bc 11: Hp thoi Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator

PassWord:

Hnh 10

Xc nh mt khu dng trong trng hp vo ch Directory Services

Restore Mode. Nhn Next tip tc.
Bc 12: Hp thoi Sumary.

******************************
***** Trang 046 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hp thoi ny hin th cc thng tin chn cc bc trc. Nhn Next

tip tc.

Hnh 11
Bc 13: Hp thoi Active Directory Install Wizad. Qu trnh ci t c thc

hin.

******************************
***** Trang 047 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Hnh 12
Bc 14: Hp thoi Completing the Active Directory Installtion Wizad xut

hin khi qu trnh ci t hon tt. Nhn Finish.

Hnh 13
IV. LP T MY TNH V CC THIT B NGOI VI

Sau khi thit k hon tt th vic trin khai lp t h thng my tnh v cc

thit b ngoi vi vo h thng cng l mt trong nhng bc quan trng, lp t lm
******************************
***** Trang 048 *****
**********

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

sao va c tnh thm m, tnh an ton v khng nh hng n tn hiu ng

truyn trong qu trnh s dng. Hn na phi thun tin cho vic di chuyn ch lm
vic ca nhn vin.
Sau khi trin khai lp t hon thnh th cng vic u tin l kim tra li tt
c cc h thng u cp ni, cc thit b trung tm, ngoi vi.. ri mi cho chy th
h thng mng..Nu vn hnh h thng mng gp li th phi kim tra li h thng
hoc cc nt mng, xem li cc giao thc
V. CHIA S TI NGUYN MY CON

Trong cng ty th nhu cu chia s ti nguyn h thng v dng chung cc thit

b ngoi vi ng vai tr rt quan trng, n va thun tin cho cc nhn vin trong
cng vic, ngoi vic dng chung cc thit b v ti nguyn h thng cng gip cho
cng ty c th gim bt chi ph cho cc vic lp t thm cc thit b.
Trong m hnh cng ty nay th do lp t m hnh mng Client/ Server nn c
mt h thng my ch s qun l tt c cc ti nguyn h thng v chu trch nhim
phn chia quyn s dng ti nguyn h thng cho cc my con. Mi my con sau
khi c h thng my ch phn quyn s dng ti nguyn th c : Username v
Passwword ng nhp h thng, vic phn quyn ny gip tng thm tnh nng
bo mt cho h thng c s d liu cho cng ty hn.
Ngoi ra vic phn chia quyn s dng thng tin h thng s gip ngi qun
tr h thng c th qun ngi s dng d dng hn nhiu..
VI. KIM TRA QUA S KT NI VN HNH GI TINQUA THIT B
SWITCH

Khi mt my Client gi thng ip ln my Server yu cu mt iu g ,

thng qua cc giao thc v cc dch v th my pha Server s kim tra xc nhn
li xem yu cu ca my Client l chnh xc cn cung cp thng tin g, sau gi
li xc nhn cho pha my Client.. Pha my Client khi nhn c xc nhn ca my
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Server th s gi li yu cu chnh xc ca mnh l cn ly hoc cung cp thng tin

g..
My Server nhn c yu cu chnh xc ca Client th s i kim tra trong c
s d liu xem c yu cha nhng yu cu m pha Client gi hay khng, kt qu s
tr li li cho pha Client, kt thc giao dch truyn nhn tn hiu.

KT LUN TI
I. NH GI CHUNG
1.V mt l thuyt :

+ Nu tng quan c nhng yu cu ca ti a ra

+ Trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny v mt l thuyt cng nh ci t, th
em c c s hng dn ch bo thm cho em v cung cp phn no cho em
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

thm ti liu tham kho. em c th hon thnh n ny Hn na thng qua

n ln ny n cng phn no cng c thm kin thc cho em c th hiu r hn
v cch thit k, lp t, trin khai mt h thng mng LAN cho mt cng ty, doanh
nghip ni chung v ln hn na l mt t chc no ni ring..
2. V mt ng dng vic m rng h thng mng sau ny

Vi s pht trin ca x hi v nhu cu ca ngi s dng cho cng vic ngy

cng cao do cng thc y qu trnh pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh thng tin,
Trong cng ty, mt t chc th nhu cu trao i thng tin ti liu gia cc nhn vin
vi nhau l rt quan trng, v vy vic thit k mng cho cng ty l iu khng th
thiu . Thit k mng LAN cho cng ty hoc doanh nghip l m hnh chung cho
cc cng ty v cc doanh nghip trong tng lai.
Do tu thuc vo nhu cu mun m rng mng ca cng ty sau ny, nu cng
ty mun m rng h thng ra thm th c th nng cp thm 1 Switch hoc c th
nng cp thm 1 Panal tng thm s cng kt ni mng.
II. HNG PHT TRIN, M RNG CA TI
Trong n ln ny em thit k m hnh mng LAN cho cng ty bao gm 3
tng v h thng my PC cng khng nhiu, hng m rng ca n ny trong
tng lai l trin khai c mt h thng mng to nh lm vic hoc mt tr s no
v cc thit b trin khai lp t cng c nng cp ci thin hn tu theo
nhu cu v kinh ph ca cng ty .

II.1. nh hng nghin cu

Gp phn thc y thm s pht trin ca ngnh cng ngh thng tin hin ti v
sau ny, v sau ny th c th ng dng m rng vic thit k nghin cu pht cho
cc n cao hn na.. v hon thin hn na trong vic thit k lp t c th
a vo ng dng thc t trong cng ty, doanh nghip
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.2. nh hng pht trin ng dng

Ngy nay m mng LAN c cc doanh nghip cng ty va v nh p dng

rt nhiu.. va thch hp cho nhu cu ca cng ty. Ngoi ra m hnh mng LAN
cng c rt nhiu u im.

LI KT
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Vic la chn ti thit k mng LAN cho cng ty l mt ti mang tnh

ph dng,. Ngy nay hu ht cc cng ty trin khai lp t h thng mng, Thit
k mng cho cng ty l mt ti mang tnh cht thc t mt phn n cng c thm
cho chng em v kin thc ca mng my tnh , Phn na thng qua ti ny n
cn cung cp cho chng em thm kin thc xy dng m hnh - thit k - trin khai
lp t c mt h thng mng vn phng thc t ra sao. Cch i dy dn, b tr
lp t cc my tnh PC, kt ni vi cc thit b trung tm, la chn m hnh mng
cho ph hp vi phng lm vic.
xy dng v hon thnh c n ny nh ngy hm nay th em khng
th thiu c s hng dn, ch dy thm ca cc thy c b mn trong khoa
CNTT. V c bit l thy Nguyn Minh Nht l ngi trc tip hng dn, ch
dy cho em em c th hon thnh tt c n do nh trng v khoa a ra.
Tuy vy nhng trong n ln ny em vn khng th trnh khi c nhng
sai st v nhng li trong qu trnh lm, v vy em rt mong c s ch dy thm
ca cc thy c.
Nhng u im ca n: Trong n ny em c th thit k - xy dng
c mt h thng mng cho cng ty va v nh, Cch kt ni cc thit b trung
tm, cch i dy. V hn th na l n c th gip em lp c bng d tr v thit
b cng nh kinh ph cn thit cho vic xy dng c mt h thng mng.
Nhng hn ch ca ti ny: Trong n ny tuy thi gian t khi nhn ti
cho n khi hon thnh c nhiu nhng em vn cha th hon thnh ti c
nh mun.

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

A. TI LIU THAM KHO

Trong qu trnh xy dng n ny, cng c thm kin thc
em tham kho thm mt s ti liu t nhng sch:
+ SCH MNG MY TNH CN BN
+| QUN TR MNG MY TNH

Ti liu tham kho thm GIO TRNH THIT K MNG (I HC CN TH)

GIO TRNH THIT K MNG (VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN)

Ngoi ra em cn tm thm ti liu trn Internet v cc bi ging ca thy c

trong khoa hon thnh n ny.

B. BNG K HOCH THC HIN

n ny em hon thnh trong khong thi gian l 5 tun:
* Bt u nhn ti t khoa v gio vin hng dn l tun 15.
+ Tun 15 i kho st thc t cng ty, phng vn thm cc nhn vin thu thp
thm thng tin cn thit, Nhu cu ca cng ty v vic trin khai lp t h thng
mng nhm mc ch g.
+ T u tun 16 cho n gia tun 17 i vo vic phn tch hng i v nhu
cu cng ty a ra. Cn nhng g v chi ph cho vic trin khai h thng mng cn
bao nhiu kinh ph.
+ T gia tun 17 cho n
+ Ngy hon thnh v a gio vin hng dn xem qua, nhn xt l cui
tun 19 u tun 20.

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

C. BNG CHI TIT THIT B

STT

Tn thit b

S Lng

My tnh PC

30

Server

Floor Switch

Switch L3

ADSL

Printer

Cab UTP 5

ng np

250

Ater tng

20

D. BNG D TR THIT B LP T

STT

Tn thit b

n v

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Thnh Tin

 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

Lng

tnh

My tnh PC

30

Ci

6 Triu / Ci

Server

Ci

10 Triu /
Ci

Floor Switch

Ci

8 Triu / Ci

Switch L3

Ci

ADSL

Ci

800.000/ Ci

Printer

Ci

13 Triu

Cab UTP 5

5 Cun

Met

1000.000

ng np

250

Met

250.000

Ater tng

20

Ci

100.000

MC LC
LI M U ......................................................................................:
Trang 2
Chng I : ..........................................................................................................Trang 3
TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH: ........................................................Trang 3
I. LCH S RA I : ......................................................................................Trang 3
II. CC KHI NIM C BN MNG MY TNH : ................................Trang 3
III. KIN THC C BN CA MNG LAN: ...........................................Trang 4
Chng II : ........................................................................................................Trang 5

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

TNG QUAN V MNG LAN V THIT K MNG LAN

I: CC KHI NIM C BN.........................................................................Trang 5
1.

Cu trc topo ca mng :.................................................................................Trang 5

2.

Mng hnh sao (Star topology) :................................................................... Trang5

3.

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh sao:.............................................................Trang 6

* Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh sao : Trang 6

4.

Mng hnh tuyn tnh BUS (Bus topology):........................................................Trang 6

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh tuyn tnh ::...........................................Trang 7
* Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh tuyn tnh :......................................Trang 7
5.

Mng dng vng (Ring topology)..........................................:

Trang 7
* Nhng u im ca mng dng vng :..................................................Trang 7
* Nhng nhc im ca mng dng vng :. .Trang 7
6.

Mng dng kt hp............................................................................:

Trang 8

II. CC PHNG PHP TRUY NHP NG TRUYN .....................Trang 8

...
II.1. GIAO THC CSDMA/CD :.............................................................................Trang 8
II. 2. GIAO THC TRUYN TH BI:..................................................................Trang 9
II.3. GIAO THC FDDL

Trang 10

III. CC K THUT CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN

:....................Trang 10

III.1. PHN ON MNG LAN .................................................Trang 10

III.1.1. Mc ch ca phn on mng LAN :

Trang 11

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

* Min xung t (Cn gi l min bng thng Bandwith domain ) :

III.1.2. Phn on mng bng Repeater :

Trang 11

Trang 11

III.1.3. Phn on mng bng cu ni :

Trang 12.....................................................................................

III.1. 4. Phn on mng bng router :

Trang 14.....................................................................................

III.1.5. Phn on mng bng b chuyn mch :

Trang 15......................................................................

III.2. CC CH CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN

III.2.1. CHUYN MCH LU V CHUYN
III.2.2. CHUYN MCH NGAY :

Trang 15.......................................................

Trang 16..............................................................................

Trang 16....................................................................................................

IV. M HNH THIT K MNG LAN :........................................Trang 16

IV.1 M HNH PHN CP (Hierarchical models) :

Trang 16

* Cu trc :.............................................................................................Trang 17
* nh gi m hnh :.................................................................................Trang 17
IV. 2. M HNH AN NINH :.......................................................................................Trang 18

Chng III:..........................................................................................................................Trang 19

THIT K MNG VLAN:...............................................................Trang 19

I. PHN TCH YU CU T RA :..................................................................Trang19
I.1. MC CH LA CHN TI :.....................................................................Trang19

I.2. YU CU TI :............................................................................................Trang20

I.3. KHO ST V TR LP T CC THIT B PHNG :....................................Trang 21

I.4. IU KIN THI CNG V CHNG LOI VT LIU THI CNG :.................Trang 21

I.5. LA CHN GII PHP V M HNH THIT K :.........................................Trang 21

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

I.5.1 La chn h iu hnh mng :................................................................Trang 21

I.5.2. La chn kin trc mng :.....................................................................Trang 22

I.5.3. La chn gii php k thut (Kh nng vn hnh, tnh tng thch, qun l) . Trang
22

II. THIT K S MNG:...........................................................................Trang 23

II.1 Thit k s mng tng vt l :.............................................................Trang 23

II.2. Thit k s mng mc logic :...............................................................Trang 25

II.3. La chn thit b :.....................................................................................Trang 26

II.4. La chn phn mm:.......................................................................................Trang 26

II.5. La chn thit b in p:................................................................................Trang 26

II.6. Lp k hoch thc hin :..................................................................................Trang 27

......................................................................................................................................
Chng III :.............................................................................................................Trang 28

CI T V KIM TH VLAN

:..................................................Trang 28

I. CI T H IU HNH CHO SERVER :.................................................Trang 28

II. CI T CC DCH V MNG V CC GIAO THC :.......................Trang 28
II.1 CI T DCH V DHCP :.............................................................................Trang 28
II.1.1 Khi nim :...............................................................................................Trang 28
II.1.2 Ci t dch v DHCP :..............................................................................Trang 29

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

II.1.2.1. Ci t dch v DHCP cho my tnh phc v :.........................................Trang 29

1. 1 Ci t :..............................................................................................Trang 29
1. 2 Cu hnh DHCP :.................................................................................Trang 32

III . NNG CP DOMAIN TRN SERVER 2003 :....................................................Trang 37

IV. LP T MY TNH V CC THIT B NGOI VI:......................................Trang 43
V . CHIA S TI NGUYN MY CONI:.................................................................Trang 43

V. KIM TRA QUA S KT NI VN HNH GI TIN:...............................Trang 44

KT LUN TI

:...............................................................................Trang 45

I. NH GI CHUNG:.........................................................................................Trang 45
1. V mt l thuyt :..........................................................................................Trang 45

2 V ng dng h thng mng :........................................................................Trang45

II. HNG PHT TRIN, M RNG CA TI:..........................................Trang 45

II. 1. nh hng nghin cu :.........................................................................Trang 46

II.2. nh hng pht trin:............................................................................Trang 46

LI KT:.........................................................................................................Trang 47
TI LIU THAM KHO:.......................................................................Trang 48
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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

BNG K HOCH THC HIN:.....................................................Trang 48

BNG D TR THIT B :

...............................................................Trang 49

NHN XT GIO VIN HNG DN

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

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 N CHUYN NGNH:

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

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