Bi ging: Truyn s liu CHNG 10:

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

IU KHIN KT NI D LIU (DATA LINK CONTROL)

Ta kho st v cu trc v truyn dn tn hiu qua mi trng kt ni, khi truyn dn, lun cn c qu trnh kim sot tc ng ny. Trong lp vt l, ta ch truyn d liu nhng cha c thng tin v qu trnh ny. Thng tin cn t nht hai thit b cng lm vic, mt gi v mt thu. Qu trnh ny lun cn c iu phi c c qu trnh trao i tt nht. V d trong trng hp truyn bn song cng, iu ct yu l ch c mt my c truyn trn ng dy, nu c hai my truyn cng mt lc th ta ch c th nhn c nhiu trn ng dy. Qu trnh iu phi ny l mt phn ca mt th tc c gi l hng mc ng dy. Ngoi hng mc ng dy, chc nng quan trng trong lp kt ni d liu l kim sot lu lng v kim sot li, cc chc nng ny c gi l iu khin kt ni d liu.
Application Presentation Session Network ... Data link Physical 1. Line discipline 2. Flow control 3. Error control

Hnh 10.1 Cc chc nng ca lp kt ni d liu:

Data link control

Line discipline Who should send now ?

Flow control

Error control

How much data may be sent How can errors be detected ? and corrected ?

Hnh 10.2 1.Hng mc ng dy (line discipline) iu phi cc h thng kt ni, xc nh thit b no c pht v thit b no c thu. 2.Kim sot lu lng (flow control): iu phi lng thng tin c th truyn c trc khi nhn c tin chp nhn(ACK). ng thi cng cung cp tn hiu chp nhn t my thu, kt ni vi qu trnh kim sot li. 3.Kim tra li tc l pht hin v sa li. Cho php my thu bo cho my pht v cc bn tin b mt hay b hng nhm iu phi vic truyn li d liu ca my pht.

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10.1.HNG MC NG DY (LINE DISCIPLINE)

Hng mc ng dy tr li cu hi: Ai s gi thng tin ngay by gi? Hng mc ng dy c thc hin theo hai cch: yu cu/chp nhn (enquiry/acknowledgment: ENQ/ACK) v poll/select. Phng thc u tin c dng trong thng tin ng cp (peer to peer communication); phng php th hai c dng trong phng php thng tin s cp-th cp (primary-secondary communicaton)
Line discipline

ENQ K /AC

P ollselect /

Hnh 10.3 10.1.1. ENQ/ACK c dng ch yu trong cc h thng khng kim tra sai, tc l c kt ni ring cho hai my trong ch c mt my l c kh nng thu.
Station B

Station A

Who should start ? How can one station be sure that the other is ready ?
` `

Hnh 10.4 C ch hot ng:

S tio A ta n S tio B ta n

EQ N E ta lis m n s b h et AK C D ta a AK C D ta a D tatra s r a n fe AK C

D ta a AK C T rm a n e in tio T e im E T O T e im

Hnh 10.5 B khi to (my pht) trc ht gi mt frame c gi l enquiry (ENQ) hi xem my thu c sn sng thu d liu cha. My thu phi tr li bng frame ACK (acknowledgment ) khi my sn sng thu, hoc frame NAK (negative acknowledgment) khi my cha sn sng thu. Nu my pht khng nhn c tn hiu ACK hay NAK sau khong thi gian qui nh th my pht s cho l tn hiu ENQ b tht lc khi truyn hay do t mch, nn s gi tip tn hiu thay th. Thng thng, my pht phi thc hin khong 3 ln bc ny kt ni thnh cng. Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng Trang 236

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Nu my pht lin tc nhn thng tin t chi NAK trong 3 ln th s ct kt ni v bt u li cc bc ny vo mt thi gian khc. Nu tn hiu nhn c l chp nhn, my pht t do pht tin. Sau khi chuyn tin i ht, h thng pht chm dt bng mt frame chm dt truyn (end of transmission: EOT). 10.1.2.POLL/SELECT Phng php ny hot ng vi cu hnh mng trong mt thit b c phn cng lm thit b s cp v my cn li l thit b th cp. Cc h thng nhiu im cn phi iu phi nhiu im, ch khng phi l hai. Trong cc trng hp trn, vn cn gii quyt l : Bn sn sng cha? V nt no trong s cc nt c php dng knh thng tin?
W h the right to the ch ne ho as an l P ary rim S nd eco ary A
`

? S co ary e nd B
`

S nd eco ary C
`

Hnh 10.6 C ch hot ng: Trong h thng nhiu im ny, thit b s cp v nhiu thit b th cp c ni vi nhau thng qua mt ng truyn, tt c mi trao i u c thc hin thng qua thit b s cp ngay c khi ch n l thit b th cp (trong hnh v dng bus, nhng iu ny cng ng vi cc dng mng khc). Thit b s cp iu khin kt ni; thit b th cp phi nhn ch th t thit b s cp. Thit b s cp xc nh thit b no c php s dng knh trong mt thi gian nht nh, ng thi thit b ny cng ng vai tr my pht. Nu thit b s cp mun nhn d liu th phi hi th cp xem c g cn gi khng, chc nng ny c gi l polling. Nu thit b s cp mun gi d liu, th phi bo cho cc thit b ch th cp bit chun b sn sng nhn tin, chc nng ny c gi l chn la selecting. a ch: Trong cu hnh im ni im, khng cn nh a ch, trong cu hnh thit b s cp ni vi nhiu thit b th cp cn phi c a ch, gip nhn dng i tng. Giao thc poll/select nhn dng mi frame c thu hay nhn t mt thit b c th trn kt ni. Mi thit b th cp c cc a ch khc nhau. Khi truyn dn a ch xut hin trong mt phn c th ca mi frame, c gi l trng a ch hay tiu (header) ty theo tng giao thc. Nu thng tin do thit b th cp pht i, th a ch cho bit ngun gc ca d liu. Select: Ch ny c dng khi thit b s cp cn gi thng tin i. Ch rng thit b s cp nm quyn kim sot kt ni, nn bit khi no kt ni sn sng, tuy nhin, iu m thit b s cp cn bit l thit b ch sn sng nhn tin cha ?. Nn thit b s cp cn cnh bo thit b thu v thng tin v ch tn hiu chp nhn t thit b ny. Trc khi gi tin, thit b s cp gi i mt frame SEL, trong c cha trng a ch ca thit b thu, ch c thit b th cp nhn dng c a ch ny mi m c frame ny v c d liu. Khi thit b thu th cp sn sng th gi v frame ACK cho s cp, thit b s cp chuyn mt hay nhiu frame d liu, tng ng vi cc a ch ca thit b th cp.

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P a rim ry

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

S co ary e nd A
`

S co a e nd ry B
`

S co a e nd ry C
`

SL E A K C D ta a A K C

Hnh 10.7 Poll:

P a rim ry Scna e o d ry A
`

Sc n a e o d ry B
`

Scna e o d ry C
`

P ll o NK A P ll o D ta a P ll o NK A

Hnh 10.8 Chc nng poll c thit b s cp dng cng c thng tin n t thit b th cp. Nh ni, thit b th cp ch c php gi tin khi c yu cu . Thit b s cp nm quyn bo m l trong h thng nhiu im ny ch c mt tn hiu truyn dn trong thi gian nht nh, khng xut hin xung t trn ng truyn. Khi thit b s cp sn sng nhn tin, th phi hi mi thit b th cp (poll) xem c cn gi khng? Khi thit b th cp th nht tr li bng NAK nu khng c g gi v bng d liu nu c. Nu p ng l NAK th thit b s cp s poll tip n thit b th cp k theo cch tng t. Nu p ng l tch cc (mt frame d liu) th thit b s cp c frame ny v tr li bng frame ACK xc nhn. Ty theo giao thc khc nhau m thit b th cp c th gi i ln lt nhiu frame d liu, hay phi ch tn hiu ACK c th tip tc gi i. Ty theo giao thc, c hai kh nng chm dt trao i: c th l th cp gi ht tt c d liu, ri chm dt bng mt frame EOT, hay l s cp s cho bit ht thi gian . Sau khi thit b th cp han tt truyn tin, s cp c th poll n cc th cp cn li.

10.2. IU KHIN LU LNG (FLOW CONTROL)

Trong hu ht cc giao thc, phn iu khin lu lng l tp cc th tc nhm cho thit b pht bit v s lng d liu c truyn i trc khi phi ch tn hiu ACK t bn nhn. Lu lng truyn ny khng c php lm qu ti bn thu. Thit b thu cn thng bo cho bn gi bit v cc gii hn ny v c th yu cu gi t hn hay tm dng truyn. Trong qu trnh nhn, thit b thu cn c bc kim tra v x l d liu trc khi s dng, iu ny lm chm ng k lu lng truyn dn, nn bn thu thng c thm mt khi nh tm, thng c gi l b nh m (buffer).

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iu khin lu lng l tp cc th tc c dng gii hn lng d liu m bn pht c th gi i trc khi nhn c tn hiu xc nhn ACK. C hai phng php c dng l: dng-i v ca s trt
Flow control

Stop-and-wait Send one frame at a time

Sliding window Send several frames at a time

Hnh 10.9 10.2.1. Dng-i:

Sender Receiver

Wait time

Data ACK Data ACK Data ACK

Wait time Wait time

Time

Time

Hnh 10.10 Trong phng php ny, thit b pht gi xong mt frame v i tn hiu xc nhn ACK ri gi tip frame k. u im: ca phng php ny l n gin Khuyt im: tc truyn b chm do qu trnh dng-i 10.2.2.Ca s trt: Phng php ny cho php nhiu frame cng mt lc
Window 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5

Hnh 10.11 Ca s gi :
Sender window 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Direction This wall moves to the right when a frame is sent Direction This wall moves to the right when an ACK is received

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu Hnh 10.12

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

Dng tng, ca s trt co t bn tri khi frame d liu c gi i. Ca s trt ca thit b pht m rng v bn phi khi nhn c tn hiu xc nhn ACK Ca s nhn:
Receiver window 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Direction This wall moves to the right when a frame is received Direction This wall moves to the right when an ACK is sent

Hnh 10.13 Dng tng, ca s trt ca my thu co t bn tri khi frame d liu c nhn. Ca s trt ca thit b thu m rng v bn phi khi gi tn hiu xc nhn ACK i Th d:
Sender Receiver

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4

Data 0 Data 1 ACK 2 Data 2 ACK 3 Data 3 Data 4 Data 5 ACK 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4

Hnh 10.14 Khi mi bt u, ca s thit b pht v thu u m rng ti a bao gm 7 frame (7 frame trong ca s pht v 7 placeholder frame trong ca s phn thu) Cc frame ny c nh s t 0 n 7 v c lu vo b m. B m phi c kch thc ln hn. V d trn b m c kch thc l 13. i iu v kch thc ca ca s: Trong phng php ny, kch thc ca ca s lun nh hn modulo ca frame 1 n v d thc hin tn hiu ACK. Gi s s chui frame l modolo-8 v ta chn kch thc ca s cng l 8. Nu frame 0 c gi v nhn tn hiu ACK 1. B pht m rng ca s v gi cc frame 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 v 0. Nu li nhn c ACK 1 th khng th xc nhn c khi tn hiu ny l bn sao ca ACK 1 trc (do mng thc hin) hay l ACK1 mi khi mi nhn xong 8 frame. Nu ta chn kch thc ca s l 7 th iu ni trn khng th xy ra.

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10.3.KIM TRA LI (ERROR CONTROL)

Trong lp kt ni d liu, t kim tra li ban u c hiu l cc phng php pht hin v truyn li d liu. 10.3.1.ARQ:Automatic Repeat Request Sa li trong lp kt ni d liu c thit lp rt n gin: Nu pht hin li khi truyn th bn thu gi v tn hiu khng xc nhn (NAK) v frame c gi li. Qu trnh ny c gi l yu cu t ng lp li (ARQ) Sa li trong lp kt ni d liu dng c s yu cu t ng lp li (ARQ), tc l vic truyn li d liu trong ba trng hp: frame b hng, frame b tht lc, v tn hiu chp nhn(ACK) b tht lc.
Error control

Stop -and -wait ARQ

Sliding Window ARQ

Go -back -n

Selective -reject

Hnh 10.15 10.3.2.Stop and Wait ARQ: L dng iu khin lu lng truyn dng ngng v ch c m rng c th truyn d liu trong trng hp frame gi i b tht lc hay b hng. c th gi li d liu, c c im cho c ch kim tra li nh sau: - Thit b pht gi mt bn sao ca frame gi cui cng cho n khi nhn c tn hiu chp nhn frame ny. Vic lu gi bn copy nhm b pht gi li frame b tht lc hoc b hng cho n khi frame c nhn ng. - Nhm mc ch nhn dng, tt c cc frame d liu v ACK u c nh s tun t l 0 v 1. Nu frame d liu 0 th s c tn hiu ACK l 1, cho thy l b thu nhn c d liu 0 v ang ch d liu 1. Cch nh s ny cho php nhn dng cc frame d liu trong trng hp phi gi li nhiu ln. - Nu li c pht hin trong frame d liu, cho thy b hng trong qu trnh truyn th c tn hiu NAK tr v. Frame NAK ny khng c nh s, cho my pht bit phi truyn li frame d liu va gi xong. Stop and wait ARQ i hi my pht phi ch cho n khi nhn c tn hiu ACK ca frame cui cng va gi, trc khi chuyn frame k tip. Khi my pht nhn c NAK, my pht phi gi li frame gi ca ln nhn ACK trc, khng k s lng. - Thit b pht c trang b mt b nh thi (timer), nu khng nhn c tn hiu xc nhn cn thit trong thi gian cho php, my thu s hiu l frame d liu va gi b tht lc v s tip tc gi li ln na. Trng hp h Frame: Nu my thu pht hin mt frame va nhn c li th s chuyn v mt frame NAK v my pht s chuyn li frame va chuyn. Th d: trong hnh bn di, my pht chuyn mt frame d liu: data 0. My thu chuyun v mt tn hiu ACK 1, cho bit data 0 n tt v my thu ang ch data 1. My pht chuyn tip frame d liu: data 1. Tn hiu c nhn tt, my thu chuyn v ACK 0. Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng Trang 241

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My pht chuyn tip frame d liu mi: data 0. My thu nhn ra li v gi v NAK. My pht gi li data 0. Trng hp ny my thu tt, nn my thu chuyn v tn hiu ACK 1.
Sn e edr R c iv r ee e

D ta a AK C D ta a AK C D ta a NK A D ta a AK C T e im 1 0 1

Er r inFa e ro rm

T e im

Hnh 10.16 Trng hp mt Frame: - B tht lc Frame data trong qu trnh truyn - B tht lc Frame ACK trong qu trnh truyn - B tht lc Frame NAK trong qu trnh truyn * Tht lc Frame data : My pht c trang b b nh thi khi truyn d liu. My pht ch i tn hiu ACK hay NAK khi tn hiu c nhn, nu tn hiu khng n ni nhn, s khng c ACK hay NAK, my thu i ht thi gian qui nh, s gi li bn tin va gi ri ch i thng tin xc nhn t my thu.
Sn e edr R c iv r ee e

D ta a T eo t im u D ta a AK C 1

Ls ot

T e im

T e im

Hnh 10.17 * Tht lc Frame ACK Trng hp ny, frame d liu ti c my thu, nhng tn hiu ACK v NAK li b tht lc trong khi gi v. My pht ch cho n khi ht thi gian do timer qui nh, v tip tc gi frame va gi. My thu nhn v kim tra, nu tn hiu l NAK, my htu chp nhn frame mi ny v gi tr li bng ACK. Nu lost frame l ACK th nhn frame copy ny nh l bn sao, chp nhn ri hy i ch bn tin k tip n.

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Rc i e ee r v

Dt a a T eu i ot m Ls ot AK C Dt a a AK C T e i m 1 1

Sc n c p eod oy d cr e i a d s d

T e i m

Hnh 10.18 10.3.3.Sliding Window ARQ: C nhiu c ch dng kim tra li khi truyn d liu lin tc, c hai giao thc thng dng l: go-back-n ARQ v selective-reject ARQ, c hai phng php ny u da trn phng php iu khin lu lng dng ca s trt. m rng c ca s nhm bao hm vic truyn li cc frame tht lc hay h, c ba c im c vo trong c ch iu khin lu lng: - Thit b gi gi mt bn sao ca tt c cc frame gi i cho n khi chng c xc nhn. Nu cc frame t 0 n 6 c gi i, v xc nhn cui cng l frame 2 (ch i 3), th my thu gi cc bn sao ca frame 3 n 6 cho n khi chng c nhn ng. - Ngoi cc frame ACK, my thu cn c th gi v frame NAK nu d liu nhn b hng. Frame NAK cho my pht bit gi li frame b hng. Do ca s trt c c ch truyn lin tc (khng ging nh trng hp stop and wait), cc tn hiu ACK v NAK u phi c nh s c th nhn dng. Cc frame ACK mang s ca frame mong mun k tip. Tri li, cc frame NAK mang s ca frame b hng. Trong c hai trng hp, tn hiu n my pht l s frame m my thu mun. Ch rng nhng frame d liu c nhn khng c li th khng c cc xc nhn ring bit. Nu tn hiu ACK sau cng mang s 3 v k tip ACK6 nhn th cc frame 3,4 v 5 u nhn tt. Tuy nhin, mi frame b hng li cn c xc nhn. Nu frame d liu 4 v 5 b sai khi nhn, th c NAK 4 v NAK 5 phi c gi v. Tuy nhin, NAK 4 cho my pht bit l tt c cc frame nhn trc frame 4 c nhn tt. - Tng t nh trng hp stop and wait ARQ, thit b pht trong ca s trt ARQ c trang b b nh thi c kh nng x l cc xc nhn b tht lc. Trong ca s trt ARQ, (n-1) frame (kch thc ca ca s) c th c gi i trc khi nhn c xc nhn. Nu (n-1) frame l cc xc nhn mong i, my pht khi ng b nh thi v ch trc khi gi na. Nu ht thi gian cho php m khng nhn c xc nhn th my pht gi s l cc frame cha nhn c v gi li mt hay tt c cc frame ty theo tng giao thc. Ch rng trong phng php stop and wait ARQ, my pht khng c cch no bit c l frame b tht lc l d liu, ACK hay NAK. Bng cch gi li cc frame d liu, c hai kh nng khi phc: d liu tht lc v NAK tht lc. Nu tht lc frame l frame ACK th my thu c th nhn bit s d tha thng qua s trn frame v loi cc d liu tha. a.Go-Back-n ARQ Trong phng php ca s trt go-back-n ARQ, nu mt frame b tht lc hay hng, tt c cc frame c pht khi tn hiu xc nhn cui cng c gi i. C 3 dng pht li: H Frame data, mt Frame data, mt Frame ACK H Frame:

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Vic g xy ra nu cc frame 0, 1, 2 v 3 c gi i, nhng tn hiu xc nhn u tin li l NAK 3? Xin nh cho rng NAK c hai ngha: (1) mt xc nhn v tt c cc frame nhn c trc khi c frame b hng v (2) tn hiu khng xc nhn i vi frame hin ti. Nu NAK u tin l NAK 3, c ngha l cc frame d liu 0, 1, v 2 c nhn tt. Ch cn gi li frame s 3. Vic g xy ra nu cc frame t 0 n 4 c gi i trc kh nhn c NAK 2? Ngay va khi my thu pht hin li, th my ngng tip nhn cc frame cho n khi frame b hng c thay th xong. Trong trng hp ny th d liu 2 xut hin hng v b loi, cng cc d liu 3 v 4. D liu 0 v 1, c nhn trc khi c frame b hng, c chp nhn, bng cch gi v my pht frame NAK 2. Nh th cn gi li cc frame 2, 3 v 4. Hnh v di y cho mt th d trong 6 frame c gi i trc khi pht hin ra li frame 3. Trng hp ny my thu gi v tn hiu ACK 3 cho bit cc frame 0, 1 v 2 c chp nhn. Trong hnh th ACK 3 c gi trc khi d liu 3 n. Pht hin li ti frame 3, tn hiu NAK c gi tc th v cc frame 4 v 5 b loi khi chng n. Thit b pht gi li c ba frame (3, 4 v 5) do t xc nhn trc , v qu trnh tip tc. My thu loi cc frame 4 v 5 (cng cc frame tip theo) cho n khi nhn tt c frame 3.
Sn e edr R c iv r ee e

` D ta a D ta a D ta a Dt aa Dt aa 0 1 2 3 4 AK C 3

Eo rr r

, Dcr e is ad d

D c rd d is a e
NK A 3

D ta a

D c rd d is a e
3 4 5

Rs n ee t Rs n ee t Rs n ee t

D ta a D ta a D ta a

T e im

T e im

Hnh 10.19 Mt Frame d liu: Giao thc ca s trt i hi cc frame d liu phi c chuyn i tun t. Nu mt trong s cc frame ny b nhim nhiu v b tht lc trong khi truyn, th frame n sau s b my thu loi. My thu kim tra s nhn dng ca mi frame, pht hin ra l mt s frame b b qua, v gi v tn hiu NAK cho frame tht lc u tin. Frame NAK khng ch ra l frame b tht lc hy hng, ch thng bo yu cu gi li.Thit v pht s pht li frame do NAK yu cu, cng cc frame c chuyn i sau frame va tht lc.

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Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

R c ive ee r

` D ata D ata D ata D ata N K 2 A D ata 4 2 3 4 0 1 2 3

Ls ot D c rd d is a e

D c rd d is a e

T e im

T e im

Hnh 10.20 Trong hnh trn, d liu 0 v 1 thu c nhng d liu 2 th b tht lc. Frame k tip s n my thu l frame 3. My thu ang ch frame 2 nn frame 3 b xem l li, b loi v gi v thng bo NAK 2, cho bit cc frame 0 v 1 c chp nhn nhng frame 2 th b sai (b tht lc trong trng hp ny). Trong th d trn, do my pht pht d liu 4 trc khi nhn c NAK 2, d liu 4 n ch nhng b loi. Mt khi my pht nhn c tn hiu NAK 2, th chuyn tt c cc frame cn b kt li (2, 3 v 4). Mt ACK: My pht khng mong nhn c cc frame ACK sau mi d liu gi. iu nn khng th dng cc chui s ca ACK nhn dng cc frame ACK hay NAK b tht lc, nn phi dng mt timer. Thit b pht c th gi bt k frame no trong lc m ca s cn cho php trc khi ch tn hiu chp nhn. Mt khi gii hn thi gian ny ht hay my pht khng cn frame gi th my pht phi ch. Nu mt tn hiu ACK (hay, c bit, nu l NAK) do my thu gi i b tht lc, th my pht phi ch mi. trnh tnh trng ny, phi pht phi trang b mt b timer nhm bt u m khi dung lng ca s y. Khi khng nhn c tn hiu xc nhn sau mt thi gian hn nh, my pht gi li mi frame c pht t ln nhn c ACK gn nht.
Sn e edr

Dt aa

0 1 2 3 0 1 2

T eo t im u

Dt aa Dt aa

Ls ot

AK C

T e im

T e im

Hnh 10.21 Hnh trn cho thy tnh hung khi my pht gi i tt c cc frame v ch tin hiu xc nhn b tht lc u trn ng truyn. My pht ch trong mt thi gian xc nh, ri gi li cc frame unacknowledged. My thu nhn ra c l ln truyn mi ny l ln lp li ca ln trc, gi tip i tn hiu ACK, v loi b thng tin tha. b.Selective - Reject ARQ

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Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

Trong giao thc ny, ch c ng cc frame bi hng hay tht lc l c truyn li. Nu mt frame b hng trong khi truyn th tn hiu NAK c gi v v fram ny c gi ring. B thu phi c kh nng chn lc cc frame v chn vo ng ch trong chui frame. thc hin c vic ny, h thng selective-reject ARQ c im khc so vi go-back-n ARQ nh sau: - Thit b thu phi c trnh t chn lc cho php sp xp li cc frame nhn c. Thit b thu cng cn lu tr c cc frame nhn c t sau khi gi v NAK cho n khi frame hng ny c thay th. - Thit b pht phi c c ch tm kim nhm cho php tm v chn lc cc frame c yu cu truyn li. - B nh m ti phn thu s lu tr tt c cc frame nhn c trc cho n khi tt c cc frame truyn li c chn lc v cc frame trng lp c nhn ra v loi b. - Nhm tng tnh chn lc, cc s ACK, tng t nh s NAK cng c ghi cho cc frame nhn c (hay tht lc) thay v l cc frame mong mun nhn. -Tnh phc tp ny i hi kch thc ca ca s phi b hn so vi trng hp goback-n cho php h thng hot ng hiu qu hn. Kch thc ca s nn c chn b hn hay bng (n+1)/2, trong (n-1) l kch thc ca s ca trng hp go-back-n. Cc trng hp hng: H Frame data, mt Frame data, mt ACK Damaged Frame:
Sn e edr Rc iv r ee e

Dt aa Dt aa Dt aa

0 1 2

E osin r m r r Fa e r

NK A

Dt aa Dt aa

3 4 5 2

Rs n ee t

Dt aa

T e im

T e im

Hnh 10.22 Hnh trn minh ha tnh hung trong frame b hng c nhn. Theo , frame 0 v 1 c nhn nhng khng c xc nhn. D liu 2 n v b pht hin l c li, n c tn hiu NAK v. Tng t frame NAK trong phng php sa li go-back-n, mt NAK y cha thng tin ca phn xc nhn d liu nhn v ch th sai s frame hin ti. Trong hnh th NAK-2 cho my pht bit rng d liu 0 v 1 c chp nhn, nhng phi gi li d liu 2. Khc vi trng hp my thu ca h go-back-n, trng hp ny my thu l l h chn-lc nn bt u chp nhn cc frame mi trong khi ch i cc li phi sa. Tuy nhin, do ACK cho bit v cc cuc nhn thnh cng khng ch trong frame ang c m cn c gi tr cho tt c cc frame nhn c trc , cc frame nhn c sau khi frame errror cha c xc nhn, cho n khi cc frame hng c gi li. Trong hnh th my thu chp nhn d liu 3, 4 v 5 trong khi ch bn copy ca d liu 2. Khi d liu 2 mi ti, tn hiu ACK 5 c gi

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

tr v, xc nhn v tn hiu 2 mi, v cc frame gc 3, 4 v 5. My thu cn c phng thc chn la trong cc chui frame c truyn li v theo di xem frame hng cn thiu c th xc nhn. Lost Data Frame: Tuy cc frame c th c nhn, nhng khng c ngha l c xc nhn. Nu frame b tht lc th frame k tip s khng c nhn vo chui. Khi my thu c sp xp li cc frame hin c, th s pht hin ra thiu st ny v gi i tn hiu NAK. ng nhin l my thu ch c th nhn ra thiu st ny nu c cc frame tip tc n. Nu frame tht lc l frame truyn cui cng th my thu khng lm g v my pht s xem s im lng ny chnh l NAK. Lost Acknowledgment: Cc frame ACK v NAK tht lc c selective-reject ARQ x l tng t nh trong trng hp go-back-n ARQ. Khi thit b pht t dung lng ca ca s hay khi chm dt truyn, th thit lp b timer. Nu khng c tn hiu xc nhn trong khong thi gian qui nh, thit b pht gi li tt c cc frame cha c xc nhn. Trong hu ht trng hp, my thu s nhn ra cc bn trng lp v loi b chng. So snh gia phng php Go-Back-n v Selective-Reject Mc d ch truyn li cc frame b hng hay tht lc nn c v hiu qu hn so vi vic chuyn li tt c cc frame b hng, nhng do c ch chn lc v lu tr m my thu phi c, cng vi c ch chn lc phc tp nn phng php selective-reject c chi ph c hn v t c dng. Tc l, tuy c hiu qu hn nhng thc t th phng php go-back-n c dng nhiu hn do d thit lp hn. Ch l giao thc stop and wait l trng hp c bit ca giao thc ca s trt trong kch thc ca s c chn l 1.

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu T KHA V NIM 4.ACK: acknowledgment 5.Automatic repeat request ARQ 6.Buffer 7.End of transmission 8.Enquiry/acknowlegment (ENQ/ACK) 9.Error control 10. Flow control 11. Go-back ARQ 12. Line discipline 13. Negative acknowledgment (NAK) 14. Poll 15. Poll/select 16. Primary station 17. Secondary station 18. Select 19. Selective-reject ARQ 20. Sliding window 21. Stop-and-wait 22. Stop and wait ARQ

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

TM TT
Lp th hai trong m hnh OSI, lp kt ni d liu, c ba chc nng chnh: hng mc ng dy, iu khin lu lng, v kim tra li. Hng mc ng dy thit lp cc trng thi ca cc thit b (thu hay pht) trong kt ni. ENQ/ACK l phng php hng mc ng dy dng kt ni im- im. Thit b thu dng ENQ/ACK tr li bng cch xc nhn (ACK) nu thit b sn sng nhn d liu hay khng xc nhn NAK nu cha sn sng. Poll/select l mt phng php trong hng mc ng dy. Thit b s cp cn khi to thng tin bng cc frame poll hay select (SEL). Mt frame poll c s cp gi n th cp xem thit b th cp c d liu gi khng. Th cp c th tr li khng dng NAK hay nu c th gi frame d liu. Mt frame SEL c thit b s cp gi n th cp thng bo chun b nhn d liu. Th cp c th tr li bng ACK hay NAK. iu khin lu lng l qu trnh iu ha d liu truyn thit b thu khng b qu ti vi thng tin nhn. C hai phng php iu khin lu lng: Stop and wait Sliding window Trong c ch iu khin lu lng stop and wait, mi frame cn c my thu xc nhn trc khi my pht gi tip frame k tip. Trong c ch iu khin lu lng dung ca s trt, d liu pht b gii hn bi mt ca s o m rng v co li c ty theo tn hiu xc nhn t my thu. Tng t, d liu thu cng b gii hn ca mt ca s o co th co dn c theo d liu nhn c. Kim tra li, hay phng cch x l i vi d liu hay xc nhn bi tht lc, b hng, l qu trnh truyn li d liu. D liu c truyn li nh automatic repeat request (ARQ). C ba dng li cn n ARQ: frame b hng, frame b tht lc hay xc nhn b tht lc. Phng php c dng trong kim tra li ty thuc vo phng php iu khin lu lng. Trong iu khin lu lng dng stop and wait, th stop and wait ARQ c dng Trong iu khin lu lng dng ca s trt, go-back-n hay selective reject ARQ c dng. Trong stop and wait ARQ, mt frame khng xc nhn c gi i

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

Trong go-back-n ARQ, qu trnh truyn li bt u khi nhn c frame khng xc nhn cho d cc frame trc c nhn ng. Cc frame trng lp s c may thu loi b. Trong selevtive-reject ARQ, ch c frame khng xc nhn l c truyn li.

PHN N LUYN
* Cu hi n tp: 1. Cho bit khc bit gia thng tin v truyn tin 2. Ba chc nng c bn ca lp kt ni d liu l g? 3. mc ng dy l g? Hng 14. Cho bit ngha ca t kim tra li trong lp kt ni d liu? 15. Hai phng php kim tra li chnh ? 16. Khi no th my pht phi gi li mt gi? 17. Cho bit c ch ca phng php kim tra li stop and wait ARQ? 18. Cho bit hai dng ca phng php kim tra li dng ca s trt? 19. Cho bit cc tham s phi quan tm trong iu khin lu lng? 20. Trong iu khin lu lng dng stop and wait, nh ngha v cho bit vai tr ca: a. Mt frame b hng b. Mt frame b tht lc 21. Trong phng php stop and wait ARQ, iu g xy ra khi frame NAK b tht lc khi truyn? ti sao li cn nh s NAK? 22. Phng php ca s trt no c dng nhiu? Ti sao? 23. Khi no mt frame b loi b trong ba phng php ARQ?

4. Hai phng php hn mc ng dy l g? Cho bit khi no th h thng la chn cc phng php ny? 5. c ch ca ENQ/ACK? 6. ct l g? Cho bit Poll/sele

7. Ti sao trong phng php poll/select li cn nh a ch m phng php ENQ/ACK th khng? 8. bit gia polling v selecting? Khc

9. Ti sao li cn c iu khin lu lng? 10. Cho bit vai tr ca b m ti my thu trong c ch iu khin lu lng? 11. Cho bit hai phng php iu khin lu lng d liu qua kt ni thng tin? 12. C ch ca phng php iu khin lu lng stop and wait?

13. C ch * Cu hi trc nghim hot ng ca phng php iu khin lu lng dng ca s trt?

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu 24. Thit b th cp trong cu hnh nhiu im s gi d liu khi no a. ACK b. ENQ c. Poll d. SEL 25. Trong phng php ca s trt, nu kch thc ca s l 63, cho bit tm ca chui s a. b. c. d. 0 n 63 0 n 64 1 n 63 1 n 64

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu 29. Qu trnh truyn li cc frame b hng hay tht lc trong lp kt ni d liu c gi l: a. Kim tra li b. Tnh trng li c. Hng mc ng dy d. iu khin lu lng 30. Khi thit b s cp mun gi d liu n cho th cp, th trc ht phi gi: a. ACK b. Poll c. SEL d. ENQ

26. Trong phng php iu khin lu lng dng ca s trt, cc frame bn tri ca ca s my thu l cc frame: a. c nhn nhng khng c xc nhn b. c nhn v xc nhn c. Khng c nhn d. Khng c gi 27. iu ha tc truyn ca cc frame d liu c gi l: a. Hng mc ng dy b. iu khin lu lng c. iu khin tc d liu d. iu khin chuyn mch 28. ____ quyt nh vai tr (pht hay thu) ca mt thit b trn mng: a. Kt ni ng dy b. Kt ni mng c. Hng mc ng dy d. iu l kt ni

31. Khi thit b s cp sn sng gi d liu, th n phi ch frame no: a. ACK b. Poll c. SEL d. ENQ 32. Trong h thng ng cp, khi mt thit b mun gi d liu n mt thit b khc, th cn phi gi: a. ACK b. Poll c. SEL d. ENQ 33. iu khin lu lng l cn thit ngn nga: a. Li cc bit b. B m my pht b qu ti c. B m my thu b qu ti d. Tranh chp gia my pht v my thu

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu 34. Trong go-back-n ARQ, nu cc frame 4, 5 v 6 c nhn thnh cng, th my thu s gi frame ACK no cho my pht: a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. Khng thuc cc s va k 35. Trong ca s trt c kch thc (n-1), tc l chui n, th c ti a bao nhiu frame c gi m khng xc nhn: a. 0 b. n-1 c. n d. n+1 36. Mt Frame ACK 3 trong phng php iu khin lu lng ca s trt (ca s c kch thc l 7) cho thy l frame m my thu mun nhn tip l frame s my: a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 8 37. Trong phng php stop and wait ARQ, nu d liu 1 c li, th my thu gi v frame no: a. NAK 0 b. NAK 1 c. NAK 2 d. NAK 38. Phng php ARQ no c dng nu khi nhn c NAK, th tt c cc frame k t lc frame xc nhn cui cng c truyn li. a. Stop and wait b. Go-back-n c. Select-reject d. a v b Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu 39. Phng php ARQ no c dng nu khi nhn c NAK, ch c frame b hng hay tht lc l c gi li a. Stop and wait b. Go-back-n c. Select-reject d. a v b 40. ngha l b. automatic repeat request c. automatic retransmission request d. acknowledge repeat request 41. Chc nng no l chc nng ca lp kt ni d liu a. hng mc ng dy b. iu khin lu lng c. kim tra li d. tt c cc chc nng trn 42. Trong cu hnh thng tin dng no m phng php poll/select c dng iu khin ng dy a. peer to peer b. peer to primary c. primary to peer d. primary to secondary 43. Mt timer c thit lp khi ____c gi i a. Mt gi b. ACK c. NAK d. Cc cu trn 44. Poll/sele ct cn c _____ nhn dng gi a. timer ARQ c

a. automatic request quatalization

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu b. buffer c. a ch d. ng truyn 45. Trong phng php iu khin lu lng stop

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu and wait, truyn i n gi th bao nhiu frame xc nhn cn c a. n b. 2n c. n-1 d. n+1

* BI TP 46. bi: a. Frame 0 gi, frame 0 c xc nhn b. Frame 1 v 2 c gi. Frame 1 v 2 c xc nhn c. Frame 3, 4 v 5 c gi v nhn c NAK 4 d. Frame 4, 5, 6 v 7 c gi; cc frame t 4 n 7 c xc nhn. 47. 48. a. poll b. select 49. a. stop and wait ARQ b. go-and back-n ARQ c. selective reject ARQ 50. a. stop and wait ARQ b. go-and back-n ARQ c. selective reject ARQ 51. ACK 7 c my pht nhn c trong h go-back-n dng ca s trt. Hin ang gi i cc frame 7, 0, 1, 2 v 3. Gii thch v qu trnh thu trong cc trng hp sau: a. ACK 1 b. ACK 4 c. ACK 3 d. NAK 1 e. NAK 3 f. NAK 7 52. Giao thc ca s trt dng kch thc ca s l 15. Cho bit s bit cn c nh ngha chui s? Bin dch: Nguyn Vit Hng Trang 253 S trn frame ACK cho bit S trn frame NAK cho bit: Lm li bi tp 46 dng selective-reject ARQ Thit b thu s gi g nhm p ng li: V ca s pht v thu trong h dng go-back-n ARQ cho

Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

53. Mt giao thc ca s trt dng 7 bit biu din mt chui s, cho bit kch thc ca s l bao nhiu? 54. Mt giao thc ca s dng kch thc ca l 7. B sung thm vo chui s sau cho 20 gi: 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .................................................................................................................. 55. s? 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,0,1.................................................................. 56. Ta bit l giao thc stop and wait thc cht l giao thc ca s trt vi kch thc l 1. Minh ha hot ng ca ca s trong hnh 10.16
Sender Receiver

Mt my tnh dng chui s sau. Cho bit kch thc ca

Data ACK 1 Data ACK 0 Data NAK Data ACK 1 Time

Error in Frame 0

Time

Hnh 10.23 57.

Sender

Lm li dng hnh 10.17

Receiver

Data Time out Data ACK 1

Lost

Time

Time

Hnh 10.24 58.

Sender

Lm ll dng hnh 10.18

Receiver

Data Time out Lost ACK 1 Data ACK 1 Time

Second copy discarded

Time

Hnh 10.25

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Bi ging: Truyn s liu

Chng 10: iu khin kt ni d liu

59. Minh ha hot ng ca ca s gi trong hnh 10.19. Cho bit v tr chnh xc ca cc vch trong mi ln truyn. Gi s kch thc ca s l 7.
Sender Receiver

` Data Data Data Data Data 0 1 2 3 4 ACK 3

Error , Discarded Discarded

NAK 3 Data 5

Discarded
3 4 5

Resent Resent Resent

Data Data Data

Time

Time

Hnh 10.26 60. Lm li bi 59 dng hnh 10.20

Sender Receiver

` Data Data Data Data NAK 2 Data 4 2 3 4 0 1 2 3

Lost Discarded

Discarded

Time

Time

Hnh 10.27 61.

Sender

Lm li bi 59 dng hnh 10.21

Data

0 1 2

Time out

Data Data

Lost

ACK 3 0 1 2

Time

Time

Hnh 10.28 62. My tnh A dng giao thc stop and wait ARQ gi gi n my tnh B. Nu c ly gia hai my l 4000 km, cho bit thi gian cn thit my tnh A nhn c xc nhn gi? Dng vn tc nh sng cho tc truyn v gi s thi gian gia lc nhn v xc nhn l khng.

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63. Trong bi 62, cho bit thi gian cn thit my tnh A gi mt gi c kch thc 1000 byte nu tc truyn d liu l 100.000 Kbps 64. my A Dng kt qu ca ci 62 v 63, cho bit thi gian ri ca

65. Lm li bi tp 64 cho h thng dng giao thc ca s trt ARQ vi kch thc ca s l 255 66. 11 v nhn c ACK 8
1 2 3 4

Trong hnh 10.23, v ca s sau khi gi cc gi t 0 n

9 1

01

11

21

31

41

50

67. Trong hnh 101.23, v ca s sau khi my pht gi cc gi t 0 n 11 v nhn c ACK6 68. trong hnh 10.23, my pht gi i cc gi t 0 n 14, v khng nhn c xc nhn, v ht thi gian ch. V ca s my pht 69. b tht lc. V ca s my pht. Trong hnh 10.23, my thu gi ACK 6 nhng ACK 9

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