x

APPENDIKS
Data-data yang diperolehdari Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (DPHE) :
Panjang pipa = 1.85 m = 6,06948 ft
ID pipa =0.01905 m = 0,06249 ft
OD pipa = 0.027 m = 0,08858 ft
ID annulus = 0.042 m = 0,13779 ft
L penampang annulus = 0.000812 m
2
= 0,00873712 ft
2

L penampang pipa = 0.000285 m
2
= 0,003066 ft
2

Diameter ekivalen = 0.038333 m
2
= 0,12576 ft
L annulus = 2 m = 6,5616 ft

Perhitunganpada Aliran Counter Current Panas Konstan dengan Rate Aliran 18,1
ml/s











Aliran Counter current
Kecepatan Alir (ft
3
/h) Suhu (
o
F)
Vh Vc T
1
T
2
t
1
t
2

23,01 76,276
204,98 134,6 86 118,4


(

) (

)
(

)



( ) ( )

()
()







Heat Exchanger
T
1

t
1

T
2

t
2

t
1

t
2

xi

Bagian Inner Pipe (steam f. Panas) Bagian Anulus (water f. Dingin)
A
pipa
=
4
t
x (ID
pipa
)
2

=
4
t
x (0,06249)
2

= 0,003066ft
2


A
annulus
=
4
t
x (ID
annulus
2
-OD
pipa
2
)
=
4
t
x ((0,13779)
2
- (0,08858)
2
)
= 0,008745ft
2


T
avg
=
2
2 1
T T +
=
2
6 , 134 98 , 204 +
= 169,79
o
F

h
= 60,804lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
t
avg
=
2
2 1
t t +
=
2
4 , 118 86 +
= 102,2
o
F

c
= 62,156lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
Kecepatan Massa
v
h
=
ml
dm
x
s
ml
1000
1
10
181
3
|
.
|

\
|
3
3
1000
1
dm
m
x

= 18,1 x 10
-6
m
3
/s
= 23,01 ft
3
/hr

Kecepatan Massa
v
c
=
3
3 3
1000
1
1000
1
10
600
dm
m
x
ml
dm
x
s
ml
|
.
|

\
|

= 6 x 10
-5
m
3
/s
= 76,276 ft
3
/hr

Rate Massa
W
h
= v
h
x
= 23,01x 60,804
= 1399,101 lb/hr
Rate Massa
W
c
= v
c
x
= 76,276x 62,156
= 4741.016 lb/hr
Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
h
=
pipa
h
A
W

0,003066
1399,101
=

= 456278,641 lb/ft
2
.hr

Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
c
=
annulus
c
A
W

0,008745
4741.016
=

= 542128,082 lb/ft
2
.hr

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
h

h
= 0,8898 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 15. Hal 825)
Nre
h
h
h
pipa
G ID

=

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
c

c
= 1,7956 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 14. Hal 823)
Nre
c
c
c

G De
=

xii

0,02540
56278,641 4 0,06249
=

= 32050,438
1,795
082 , 42128 5 12576 , 0
=

= 37969,858

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
h

h
= 0,889 lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0157 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 3. Hal 805)
Npr
h
h
h h
k
Cp
=

0,0157
0,889 0,44
=

= 24,802

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
c

c
= 1,795 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3635 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
c
= 1 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 2. Hal 804)
Npr
c
c
c c
k
Cp
=

0,3635
1,795 1
=

= 4,939

T
avg
= 169,79
o
F
C
p,h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
Q
h
= W
h
x C
p,h
x (T
1
-T
2
)
Q
h
= 1399,101x 0,44x (204,98134,6)
= 43326,261Btu/hr
t
avg
= 102,2
o
F
C
p,c
= 1 (Btu/lb F)
Q
c
= W
c
x C
p,c
x (t
2
-t
1
)
Q
c
= 4741.016x 1x (118,4 - 86)
= 153608,919Btu/hr
Q
avg
= (Q
h
+ Q
c
)
= (43326,261 +153608,919)
= 98467,59Btu/hr
jH = 172
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

h
= 0,889lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0157(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 2,9162
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
i
)

x (

jH = 110
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

c
= 1,795lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3635(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
c
= 1 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 1,7030
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
o
)

x (

xiii

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)









Uc = 41,051(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

Ud = 7,41 x 10
8
(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

Rd = - 0,0244 (hr.ft
2
. F/ft/ Btu)
Tidak sesuai dengan standard Rd untuk Heat Exchanger Double Pipe yaitu 0,003

Karena Qc > Qh maka :

( )
( )


( )
( )

= 81,28 %







xiv

Perhitunganpada Aliran Counter Current Dingin Konstan dengan Rate Aliran
37,7ml/s











Aliran Counter current
Kecepatan Alir (ft
3
/h) Suhu (
o
F)
Vh Vc T
1
T
2
t
1
t
2

48,31 47,885 208,4 158 93,2 95


(

) (

)
(

)



( ) ( )

()
()





Bagian Inner Pipe (steam f. Panas) Bagian Anulus (water f. Dingin)
A
pipa
=
4
t
x (ID
pipa
)
2

=
4
t
x (0,06249)
2

= 0,003066ft
2


A
annulus
=
4
t
x (ID
annulus
2
-OD
pipa
2
)
=
4
t
x ((0,13779)
2
- (0,08858)
2
)
= 0,008745ft
2


T
avg
=
2
2 1
T T +
=
2
158 4 , 208 +
= 183,2
o
F

h
= 60,5059lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
t
avg
=
2
2 1
t t +
=
2
95 2 , 93 +
= 94,1
o
F

c
= 62,0649lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
Heat Exchanger
T
1

t
1

T
2

t
2

t
1

t
2

xv

Kecepatan Massa
v
h
=
ml
dm
x
s
ml
1000
1
10
380
3
|
.
|

\
|
3
3
1000
1
dm
m
x

= 3,8 x 10
-4
m
3
/s
= 48,31 ft
3
/hr
Kecepatan Massa
v
c
=
3
3 3
1000
1
1000
1
10
67 , 376
dm
m
x
ml
dm
x
s
ml
|
.
|

\
|

= 3,76 x 10
-4
m
3
/s
= 47,885 ft
3
/hr
Rate Massa
W
h
= v
h
x
= 48,31 x 60,5059
= 2923 lb/hr
Rate Massa
W
c
= v
c
x
= 47,885x 62,0649
= 2972 lb/hr
Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
h
=
pipa
h
A
W

0,003066
2923
=

= 953292 lb/ft
2
.hr

Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
c
=
annulus
c
A
W

0,008745
2972
=

= 339840,15 lb/ft
2
.hr

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
h

h
= 0,0315 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 15. Hal 825)
Nre
h
h
h
pipa
G ID

=

0,0315
53292 9 0,06249
=

=3810864,3
Bilangan Reynold
Nre
c

c
= 2,0937 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 14. Hal 823)
Nre
c
c
c

G De
=

2,0937
15 , 39840 3 12576 , 0
=

= 20413

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
h

h
= 0,0315lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0167 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 3. Hal 805)
Npr
h
h
h h
k
Cp
=

0,0167
0,0315 0,45
=

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
c

c
= 2,0937lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3601 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
c
= 1,101 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 2. Hal 804)
Npr
c
c
c c
k
Cp
=

0,3601
2,0937 101 , 1
=

xvi

= 0,03177

= 6,26575

T
avg
= 183,2
o
F
C
p,h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
Q
h
= W
h
x C
p,h
x (T
1
-T
2
)
Q
h
= 2923x 0,45x (208,4 - 158)
= 66296Btu/hr
t
avg
= 94,1
o
F
C
p,c
= 1,101 (Btu/lb F)
Q
c
= W
c
x C
p,c
x (t
2
-t
1
)
Q
c
= 2972x 1,101x (9593,2)
= 5889,8 Btu/hr
Q
avg
= (Q
h
+ Q
c
)
= (407,865+27170,3)
= 36092,978Btu/hr
jH = 1000
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

h
= 0,0315 lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0167 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 0,946
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
i
)

x (

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
jH = 162
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

c
= 2,0937 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3601 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
c
= 1,101 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 1,8569
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
o
)

x (

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)









Uc = 35,1898(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

xvii

Ud = 358426006,9(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)









Rd = - 0,0284 (hr.ft
2
. F/ft/ Btu)
Tidak sesuai dengan standard Rd untuk Heat Exchanger Double Pipe yaitu 0,003

Karena Qh> Qc maka :

( )
( )


( )
( )

=1,58 %

Perhitunganpada Aliran Co-Current Panas Konstan dengan Rate Aliran 4,5 ml/s








Aliran Co-Current
Kecepatan Alir (ft
3
/h) Suhu (
o
F)
Vh Vc T
1
T
2
t
1
t
2

8,47427 76,2761 185 143,6 102,2 116,6


(

) (

)
(

)



( ) ( )

()
()




Heat Exchanger
t
1

T
1

t
1

T
2

t
2


t
2


xviii

Bagian Inner Pipe (steam f. Panas) Bagian Anulus (water f. Dingin)
A
pipa
=
4
t
x (ID
pipa
)
2

=
4
t
x (0,06249)
2

= 0,003066ft
2

A
annulus
=
4
t
x (ID
annulus
2
-OD
pipa
2
)
=
4
t
x ((0,13779)
2
- (0,08858)
2
)
= 0,008745ft
2

T
avg
=
2
2 1
T T +
=
2
6 , 143 185+
= 164,3
o
F

h
= 60,914lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
t
avg
=
2
2 1
t t +
=
2
6 , 116 2 , 102 +
= 109,4
o
F

c
= 61,868lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
Kecepatan Massa
v
h
=
ml
dm
x
s
ml
1000
1
10
66 , 66
3
|
.
|

\
|
3
3
1000
1
dm
m
x


= 6,6 x 10
-6
m
3
/s
= 8,4742ft
3
/hr
Kecepatan Massa
v
c
=
3
3 3
1000
1
1000
1
10
600
dm
m
x
ml
dm
x
s
ml
|
.
|

\
|


= 6 x 10
-5
m
3
/s
= 76,2761 ft
3
/hr
Rate Massa
W
h
= v
h
x
= 8,4742x 60,914
= 516,2 lb/hr
Rate Massa
W
c
= v
c
x
= 76,2761x 61,864
= 4719 lb/hr
Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
h
=
pipa
h
A
W

0,003066
516,2
=

= 168345,074 lb/ft
2
.hr

Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
c
=
annulus
c
A
W

0,008745
4719
=

= 539619,62 lb/ft
2
.hr

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
h

h
= 0,02856 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 15. Hal 825)
Nre
h
h
h
pipa
G ID

=

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
c

c
= 1,73514 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 14. Hal 823)
Nre
c
c
c

G De
=

xix

0,02856
168345,074 0,06249
=

= 368449
1,73514
62 , 39619 5 12576 , 0
=

= 39112

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
h

h
= 0,02856lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,015 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 3. Hal 805)
Npr
h
h
h h
k
Cp
=

0,015
0,02856 0,44
=

= 0,81561

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
c

c
= 1,73514 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,367 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
c
= 1,05 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 2. Hal 804)
Npr
c
c
c c
k
Cp
=

0,367
1,73514 05 , 1
=

= 4,96655

T
avg
= 164,3
o
F
C
p,h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
Q
h
= W
h
x C
p,h
x (T
1
-T
2
)
Q
h
= 516,2x 0,44x (185143,6)
= 9403Btu/hr
t
avg
= 109,4
o
F
C
p,c
= 1,05 (Btu/lb F)
Q
c
= W
c
x C
p,c
x (t
2
-t
1
)
Q
c
= 4719 x 1,05x (116,6102,2)
= 71352 Btu/hr
Q
avg
= (Q
h
+ Q
c
)
= (9403+71352)
= 40377,804Btu/hr
jH = 117
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

h
= 0,02856 lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,015 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
h
= 0,44 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 0,934
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
i
)

x (

jH = 11
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

c
= 1,73514 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,367 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
c
= 1,05 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 1,706
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
o
)

x (

xx

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)









Uc = 8,0571(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

Ud = 229911220,5(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)









Rd = - 0,0124 (hr.ft
2
. F/ft/ Btu)
Tidak sesuai dengan standard Rd untuk Heat Exchanger Double Pipe yaitu 0,003

Karena Qc > Qh maka :

( )
( )


( )
( )

= 50 %





xxi

Perhitunganpada Aliran Co-Current Dingin Konstan dengan Rate Aliran 208 ml/s








Aliran Co-Current
Kecepatan Alir (ft
3
/h) Suhu (
o
F)
Vh Vc T
1
T
2
t
1
t
2

65,174 26,315 208,4 158 100,4 129,2


(

) (

)
(

)



( ) ( )

()
()




Bagian Inner Pipe (steam f. Panas) Bagian Anulus (water f. Dingin)
A
pipa
=
4
t
x (ID
pipa
)
2

=
4
t
x (0,06249)
2

= 0,003066ft
2

A
annulus
=
4
t
x (ID
annulus
2
-OD
pipa
2
)
=
4
t
x ((0,13779)
2
- (0,08858)
2
)
= 0,008745ft
2

T
avg
=
2
2 1
T T +
=
2
158 4 , 208 +
= 183,2
o
F

h
= 60,5096lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
t
avg
=
2
2 1
t t +
=
2
2 , 129 4 , 100 +
= 114,8
o
F

c
= 61,79lbm/ft
3

(Timmerhauss.Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers4
th
ed. Table 4. Hal 876)
Kecepatan Massa
v
h
=
ml
dm
x
s
ml
1000
1
10
207
3
|
.
|

\
|
3
3
1000
1
dm
m
x


= 2,07 x 10
-5
m
3
/s
= 26,315 ft
3
/hr
Kecepatan Massa
v
c
=
3
3 3
1000
1
1000
1
10
67 , 512
dm
m
x
ml
dm
x
s
ml
|
.
|

\
|


= 5,12 x 10
-5
m
3
/s
= 65,174 ft
3
/hr
Heat Exchanger
t
1

T
1

t
1

T
2

t
2


t
2


xxii

Rate Massa
W
h
= v
h
x
= 26,315x 60,5096
= 1592,33 lb/hr
Rate Massa
W
c
= v
c
x
= 65,174x 61,79
= 4027 lb/hr
Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
h
=
pipa
h
A
W

0,003066
1592,33
=

= 519293 lb/ft
2
.hr

Rate Massa per satuan Luas
G
c
=
annulus
c
A
W

0,008745
4027
=

= 460478,8 lb/ft
2
.hr

Bilangan Reynold
Nre
h

h
= 0,0279 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 15. Hal 825)
Nre
h
h
h
pipa
G ID

=

0,0279
519293 0,06249
=

=2344651,31
Bilangan Reynold
Nre
c

c
= 1,602 lbm/ft.hr
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 14. Hal 823)
Nre
c
c
c

G De
=

1,602
8 , 60478 4 12576 , 0
=

= 36149

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
h

h
= 0,0279 lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0167 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 3. Hal 805)
Npr
h
h
h h
k
Cp
=

0,0167
0,0279 0,45
=

= 0,02949

Bilangan Prandtl
Npr
c

c
= 1,602 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3704 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Table 4. Hal 800)
Cp
c
= 1,143 (Btu/lb F)
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 2. Hal 804)
Npr
c
c
c c
k
Cp
=

0,3704
1,602 143 , 1
=

= 6,88284

T
avg
= 183,2
o
F
C
p,h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
Q
h
= W
h
x C
p,h
x (T
1
-T
2
)
Q
h
= 1592,33x 0,45x (208,4 - 158)
t
avg
= 114,8
o
F
C
p,c
= 1,143 (Btu/lb F)
Q
c
= W
c
x C
p,c
x (t
2
-t
1
)
Q
c
= 132562x 1,143x (129,2100,4)
xxiii

= 36114Btu/hr = 132562 Btu/hr
Q
avg
= (Q
h
+ Q
c
)
= (36114+132562)
= 84337,788Btu/hr
jH = 1000
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

h
= 0,0279 lbm/ft.hr
k
h
= 0,0167 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
h
= 0,45 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 0,9086
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
i
)

x (

0,9086
(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
jH = 162
(Kern.Process Heat Transfer.Fig 24. Hal 834)

c
= 1,602 lbm/ft.hr
k
c
= 0,3704 (Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)
Cp
c
= 1,143 (Btu/lb F)
(

= (

= 1,7035
(

= 1
Individual Heat Transfer (h
o
)

x (

1,7035
(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)










Uc = 35,2049(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

Ud = 577865317,8(Btu/ hr.ft
2
. F/ft)

xxiv









Rd = - 0,0284 (hr.ft
2
. F/ft/ Btu)
Tidak sesuai dengan standard Rd untuk Heat Exchanger Double Pipe yaitu 0,003

Karena Qc > Qh maka :

( )
( )


( )
( )

= 46,667 %