Zigbee Wireless Vehicular Identication and Authentication System

Abstract:
We propose a ZigBee technology based wireless vehicle identification and driver authentication system consisting of a central database of authorized vehicles, ZigBee RF Vehicle tags, RF tag Reader and RF tag Writer. ZigBee is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for Wireless Personal Area networks (WPANs) that is being used in many commercial and research applications today where it has become an attractive solution for low power and low cost applications. The RF Tag is placed in a vehicle that will be approaching the entrance of an establishment, the RF tag reader is used to communicate with the RF tags and the RF tag writer is used to program or write to the RF tags. Vehicle identification is performed by reading the serial number in the RF tag and driver authentication is done by means of a password entered using a numerical keypad by the driver when prompted by the system RF tag reader. Both information are read through the wireless 802.15.4 interface via the RF tag reader and sent to a central database through Ethernet for verification. Using the information received from the central database a human security personal at the entrance or automated security system can take action to allow or deny the vehicle entrance into the facility. In our proposed system we are using two ZigBee Tran receiver based embedded system based on ARM or PIC microcontroller. One system is installed inside the vehicle and other system is installed at the entrance. When the vehicle enter at the entrance it was identified by the ZigBee Tran receiver installed at the gate by verifying code of the vehicle ZigBee transreciver.Then the ZigBee based system at the gate asked driver to enter password. This password is also verified by the system at the entrance gate. One both the vehicle identification and the driver authentification has done then the system send information to the security guard at the gate. According to this information the guard allows or denies access to the vehicle inside the premises.

INTRODUCTION: Zigbee is a recently developed wireless technology used in many commercial and research applications. Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification [1], it has become a very attractive wireless connectivity solution due to its open standard, lowcost and low power characteristics [2]. Zigbee is suitable for low data-rate and low power consumption applications [3] in comparison with other wireless techologies such as Bluetooth and WiFi. Here we use Zigbee technology to implement this application. The vehicle and the check post are equipped with Zigbee modules. The Zigbee module fixed to the vehicle transmits the data to the Zigbee module fixed to the check post when the vehicle tries to enter into the secured premises. The vehicle will be allowed to enter into only after the authorization from a processing unit is completed.

Block Diagram:

TRANSMITTER SECTION:

BATTERY SUPPLY RFID Tag Transmitt er MICRO CONTROLLER (LPC2148)

KeyS-3

ZIGBEE TRANCEI VER

Vehicular RF Tags areinstalled securely in all vehicles needed to be identified,authenticated and managed. Each vehicular RF tag is programmedto have a unique serial number for identifying it and a password to authenticate the driver. An RF tag reader module is installed near the entrance to the facility. When a vehicle stops at the entrance the reader detects the vehicular RF tag and retrieves authentication information from it. This information is transfered over Ethernet to a central database to verify whether access is granted for a particular vehicle to enter into premises. Furthermore, the driver of the vehicle is authenticated by means of a password entered using a numerical keypad in the vehicular RF tag when prompted by the RF tag reader. Using the information received from the central database a human security personnel at the entrance or automated security system can take action to allow or deny the vehicle entrance into the facility.

RECEIVER SECTION:

BATTERY SUPPLY

ZIGBEE TRANSCEIVER MICRO RFID Reader CONTROLLER (LPC2148)

LCD

Once a tagged vehicle arrives into the vicinity of the RF tag reader the vehicular RF tag would issue beacon requests to the Tag reader. Tag reader would respond with beacon response and join the RF tag into its network as a child node. Once connected to the personal area network (PAN) of the Tag reader, it would request the vehicle serial number from the tag. After reception of the serial number from the tag the password for driver authentication is requested by the reader which is validated with the central database once received from the tag. After both serial number and password are successfully exchanged the vehicle would leave the Tag readers PAN. A maximum of 10 RF tags can be accommodated in the PAN of the reader. Since tags joining the PAN would leave once they are validated or denied access, this PAN size of 10 is sufficient for the efficient operation of the system. The wireless system transmits vehicle data like the type of enginenu m b er / I D of a c ar . T h i s d a t a i s a c q u i r e d by t h e s ys t e m at ch ec k p os t . On l y a ft e r authorization from a processing unit, the vehicle can pass the check post.

Advantages:
ZigBee obtains its overall low power consumption because the majority of network devices are able to remain inactive over long periods of time. Two stage authentication- Both vehicle and Driver can be authenticated ZigBee can activate (go from sleep to active mode) in 15 m-sec or less, the latency can be very low and devices can be very responsive

REFERENCES:
[1] Zigbee Specification, ZigBee Document 053474r06 Version 1.0, Zigbee Alliance Std., Dec. 2004 [2] www.zigbee.org [3] N. Baker, Zigbee and bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications, Computing & Control Engineering Journal, vol. 16, pp. 2025, Apr./May 2005. [4] Z. Wu, H. Chu, Y. Pan, and X. Yang, Bus priority control system based on wireless sensor network (WSN) and zigbee, in Vehicular Electronics and Safety, 2006. ICVES 2006. IEEE International Conference on, Dec. 2006, pp. 148151. [5] H.-M. Tsai, C. Saraydar, T. Talty, M. Ames, A. Macdonald, and O. K. Tonguz, Zigbee-based intra-car wireless sensor network, in Communications, 2007. ICC 07. IEEE International Conference on, June 2007, pp. 39653971. [6] K. Selvarajah, A. Tully, and P. T. Blythe, Zigbee for intelligent transport

system applications, in Road Transport Information and Control - RTIC 2008 and ITS United Kingdom Members Conference, IET, May 2008, pp. 17. [7] Y. Y. David Flowers, Kim Otten and N. Rajbharti. (2006, 12) Microchip stack for the zigbee protocol. Microchip Technology Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.microchip.com