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Advanced Business Calculations

Level 3

Model Answers
Series 4 2007 (Code 3003)

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Advanced Business Calculations Level 3


Series 4 2007

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(3)

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Advanced Business Calculations Level 3


Series 4 2007
QUESTION 1 (a) Calculate the amount (principal plus interest) when a sum of 150,000 is invested at 4% per annum simple interest for three-and-three-quarter years. (b) At the start of the year 2000 a house was worth 150,000. Each year for the next 6 years the house increased in value at a rate of 3.5% per annum of its value at the start of the year. Treating the increase in value as compound interest, calculate (i) (ii) the value of the house after 3 years the value of the house after 2 years (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (3 marks)

(iii) the value of the house after the first year (c) The value of a second house increased at the same rate of 3.5% per annum compound interest over the same 6-year period. At the end of the 6 years its value was 220,000. Giving your answer correct to the nearest 1,000, calculate the value of the house at the start of the period.

(3 marks)

(Total 12 marks) MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 1 (a) Interest = PRT = 150,000 x 4 x 3.75 = 22,500 100 100 Amount = 150,000 + 22,500 = 172,500 (b) (i) (ii) Value of house after 3 years = (1 + 0.035)3 x 150,000 = 166,307.68 Value of house after 2 years = (1 + 0.035)2.5 x 150,000 = 163,471.53

(iii) Value of house after 1 year = (1 + 0.035) x 150,000 = 155,250 (c) Value of house at the start of the period = 220,000 (1 + 0.035)6 = 178,970.14 = 179,000

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QUESTION 2 100 of 2% Government Stock can be bought for 88. Interest is paid half yearly. A bank invested 308,000 in the stock. (a) Calculate the nominal value of the stock bought by the bank. The bank held the stock for 3 years. (b) Calculate the total interest received over this period. The bank purchased 120,000 5% preference shares (nominal value 5) at 7.34. (c) Calculate the cost of the shares. (d) Calculate the dividend received each year. The bank also purchased units in a unit trust with an offer price of 450 per unit, and sold the units after 2 years at 495 per unit. (e) Express the increase in price of the units as a percentage increase per annum (simple interest). (3 marks) (Total 11 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks)

MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 2 (a) Nominal value = 308,000 x 100/88 = 350,000 (b) Interest received = 350,000 x 3.5 x 2.25% = 27,562.50 (c) Cost of the shares = 120,000 x 7.34 = 880,800 (d) Dividend = 120,000 x 5 x 5.5% = 33,000 (e) Increase in price = 495 450 = 45 Per annum percentage = 100% x 45

(450 x 2.5) = 4%

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QUESTION 3 An industrial product may be manufactured by two methods of production. Using Method One, fixed costs are 6,450,000 per period and variable costs are 199 per unit. Using Method Two, fixed costs are 7,320,000 per period and variable costs are 170 per unit. (a) Calculate the level of output per period for which the total costs are the same. (b) State the total cost for Method One and Method Two at this output. (c) Using your answer to (a) above: (i) (ii) State and explain when Method Two should be used rather than Method One. Give an example, and show that it supports your answer to (i) above. (2 marks) (2 marks) (4 marks) (2 marks)

Method Two is chosen for production, and the product is sold at 250 per unit. (d) Calculate: (i) (ii) the level of production and sales for break-even the total cost of production per period at this output. (3 marks) (2 marks) (Total 15 marks)

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MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 3 (a) Output cost for Method One = 6,450,000 + 199Q Output cost for Method Two = 7,320,000 + 170Q Total costs are equal when Output cost M1 = Output cost M2 6,450,000 + 199Q = 7,320,000 + 170Q 29Q = 870,000 Q = 30,000 Output for which the total costs are the same is 30,000 units (b) Total cost for Method One = 6,450,000 + 199Q = 6,450,000 + 199 x 30,000 = 12,420,000 (c) (i) (ii) Method Two should be used when output is more than 30,000 units. The variable costs are more important/have more effect at higher output. For example, at an output of 40,000 units: Cost for Method One = 6,450,000 + 199 x 40,000 = 14,410,000 Cost for Method Two = 7,320,000 + 170 x 40,000 = 14,120,000 Hence, for this output, which is above 30,000 units, Method Two is less costly. (d) (i) Contribution = 250 - 170 = 80 Break-even at 7,320,000 80 = 91,500 units per period (ii) Total cost = 7,320,000 + 91,500 x 170 = 22,875,000

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QUESTION 4 (a) At the end of the year 2006 the current ratio for Company X was 3.55 : 1 and its current liabilities were 4,200,000. Calculate the current assets for Company X at that time. (b) Also at the end of the year 2006, the same company, Company X, had an acid test ratio of 2.85 : 1. Calculate the stock held by Company X at that time. (c) State whether you think the liquidity of Company X was healthy or not. Explain your answer. (d) The rate of stockturn for Company Y in the year 2006 was 11. At the start of that year the company held stock to the value of 84,000, and at the end of that year the value of stock held was 77,000. Calculate the net purchases of Company Y for that year.

(2 marks) (3 marks) (4 marks)

(4 marks)

(Total 13 marks)

MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 4 (a) Current assets = Current ratio x current liabilities = 3.55 x 4,200,000 = 14,910,000 (b) Current assets minus stock = Acid test ratio x current liabilities = 2.85 x 4,200,000 = 11,970,000 Stock = 14,910,000 - 11,970,000 = 2,940,000 (c) The current ratio of the company is greater than 2 The acid test ratio of the company is greater than 1 Each of these is good However, the ratios are a lot higher than these advisory targets, And therefore the assets of the company could be better used (d) Average stock = (84,000 + 77,000) 2 = 80,500 COGS = Rate of stockturn x average stock = 11 x 80,500 = 885,500 Net purchases = COGS opening stock + closing stock = 885,500 - 84,000 + 77,000 = 878,500

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QUESTION 5 A business owner is considering an investment project. The initial cost of the venture and the estimated costs and returns are as follows: Cost 2,400,000 Year 1 Net cash inflow Year 2 Net cash inflow Year 3 Net cash inflow Year 4 Net cash inflow 600,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 700,000

The owner calculates the net present value at two discount rates, with the following results Discount rate 11% Discount rate 13% Net present value = 144,900 Net present value = 36,100 (4 marks)

(a) Use these figures to calculate the internal rate of return. Give your answer correct to four significant figures. (b) Calculate the net present value of the project at a discount rate of 14%, using the following figures: Year Discount factor 1 0.877 2 0.769 3 0.675 4 0.592 (c) Using the net present value figures for discount rates of 13% and 14% calculate the internal rate of return. (f) Give two reasons why the internal rate of return calculated in part (c) is expected to be more accurate than the value calculated in part (a).

(4 marks) (3 marks) (2 marks)

(Total 13 marks) MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 5 (a) IRR = N1R2 N2R1 = 144,900 x 13 36,100 x 11 % = 1,883,700 397,100 % = 13.66% N1 N 2 144,900 36,100 108,800 (b) Cost Year 1 cash inflow Year 2 cash inflow Year 3 cash inflow Year 4 cash inflow (c) (2,400,000) 600,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 700,000 Discounting factor 14% 0.877 0.769 0.675 0.592 Net present value () (2,400,000) 526,200 769,000 675,000 414,400 (15,400)

IRR = N1R2 N2R1 = 36,100 x 14 (15,400) x 13 % = 505,400 + 200,200 % = 13.70% N1 N 2 36,100 (15,400) 51,500

(d) The second calculation uses figures closer to the IRR The second calculation uses interpolation, which is preferable to extrapolation.

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QUESTION 6 The following information relates to the business of a bankrupt trader. Mortgage Cash in hand Trade creditors Machinery Bank overdraft Trade debtors Stock Office equipment Vehicles Total assets Total liabilities 114,600 200 105,000 ? ? 12,000 76,000 14,300 7,400 148,700 247,600 (4 marks)

(a) Calculate the value of the machinery and the amount of the bank overdraft. 32,600 of the liabilities must be paid first and in full. Calculate: (b) the rate in the that an unsecured creditor will receive. (c) the amount owed to an unsecured creditor who receives 13,500 (d) the amount paid to an unsecured creditor who is owed 35,400.

(4 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (Total 12 marks)

MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 6 (a) Total assets = (200 + machinery + 12,000 + 14,300 + 76,000 + 7,400) Value of machinery = 148,700 109,900 = 38,800 Total liabilities = (114,600 + 105,000 + overdraft) Amount of bank overdraft = 247,600 219,600 = 28,000 (b) Assets available for unsecured creditors = 148,700 - 32,600 = 116,100 Owed to unsecured creditors = 247,600 - 32,600 = 215,000 Rate payable = 1 x 116,100/215,000 = 0.54 in the (c) (d) Owed to unsecured creditor who receives 13,500 = 13,500 = 25,000 0.54 Paid to unsecured creditor who is owed 35,400 = 35,400 x 0.54 = 19,116

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QUESTION 7 A factory machine that costs 115,000 is estimated to have a life of 5 years and a scrap value of 10,000. (a) Using the equal instalment method, prepare a depreciation schedule that shows, for each year, the annual depreciation, the accumulated depreciation and the book value at the end of each year. (b) Using the equal instalment method, calculate the percentage of the cost that is written off over the first 4 years.

(5 marks) (3 marks)

(c) Using the diminishing balance method of depreciation, calculate the rate of depreciation. (4 marks) (Total 12 marks) MODEL ANSWER TO QUESTION 7 (a) Annual depreciation = (115,000 10,000) 5 = 21,000 Annual depreciation () Initial cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 Cumulative depreciation () 21,000 42,000 63,000 84,000 105,000 Book value at end of year () 115,000 94,000 73,000 52,000 31,000 10,000

(b) Amount written off over first 4 years = 4 x 21,000 = 84,000 Percentage to be written off over first 4 years = 84,000 x 100% = 73% 115,000 (c) 10,000 = 0.08695652 115,000

0.08695652 = 0.6136 d = 1 0.6136 = 0.386 = 38.6%

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QUESTION 8 An index of industrial productivity has the following values over the period 2003 to 2006, with 2002 as the base year. 2002 100 2003 105.5 2004 108.3 2005 120.1 2006 127.7

(a) Calculate these indices as a chain base index. Give each answer correct to one decimal place. (6 marks) (b) Calculate the percentage increase in industrial productivity between 2004 and 2006. (2 marks) An index of average earnings is shown below 2002 (2000=100) 105.7 2006 (2002=100) 112.9 (2 marks)

(c) Calculate the index of average earnings for 2006 with 2000 as the base year.

(d) Give a brief interpretation of your answer to (c) as a percentage change, stating clearly what has changed. (2 marks) (Total 12 marks) MODEL ANSWER FOR QUESTION 8 (a) Example calculation: chain base index for 2004 = 100 x 108.3/105.5 = 102.7 2002 100 Chain base index 2003 105.5 105.5 2004 108.3 102.7 2005 120.1 110.9 2006 127.7 106.3

(b) Index for 2006 with 2004 as the base year = 100 x 127.7 108.3 = 117.9 Percentage increase in industrial productivity between 2004 and 2006 = 17.9% (c) Index for 2006 with 2000 as the base year = 105.7 x 112.9/100 = 119.335 = 119.3 (d) From 2000 to 2006 average earnings increased by approximately 19.3%.

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Education Development International plc 2007

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