AMOLED DISPLAY

Submitted by: Ranjana upadhayay Anjali singh

CONTENT
Introduction

History
Components Principle

and Working Applications and future prospects Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Active-Matrix OLED (Active-matrix organic lightemitting diode or AMOLED) is a display technology . AMOLED is type of OLED . OLED describes specific type of thin display technology and Active-Matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels. An OLED is any LED whose emissive electroluminescent layer comprises a film of organic compounds The layer usually contains a polymer substance that allows suitable organic compounds to be deposited.

They are deposited in rows and columns onto a flat carrier by a simple printing process. The resulting matrix of pixels can emit light of different colors.

HISTORY
The first EL from a an organic molecule, anthracene, was reported by Pope and coworkers in 1963 . Its thickness was between 10m-5mm when a bias of several hundred volts was applied across it. P. S. Vincent achieved bright blue EL from vacuumdeposited 0.6m thick anthracene crystal films with an applied bias of less than 100V. The breakthrough was achieved by Tang and VanSlyke in 1987, who made a bilayer structure by thermally evaporating the small molecular weight organic materials. In 1989, Tang developed a laser-dye doped Alq3 multilayer structure ,in which the fluorescent efficiency was improved and the emission color varied from the original green to the dopant emission color.

M. A. Baldo fabricated and demonstrated phosphorescent OLEDs , by doping phosphorescent molecules, where the EL is due to triplet emission, into a fluorescent host layer

AMOLED COMPONENT
Cathode - The Top Layer is the Cathode layer made of tungsten releases electrons when current is run through it. Emissive layer - It is layer made of organic plastic molecules & removes electrons from the cathode layer to make light. Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode.

 Anode

-Anode Layer that consist of removing and adding electron holes while the current is running through it and is made from graphite particles Substrate (clear plastic, glass) -The substrate supports the OLED. TFT-AMOLED Consist of TFT beneath the anode that controls the pixel display.

PRINCIPLE

A typical AMOLED is composed of a layer of organic materials situated between two electrodes, the anode and cathode. Organic material are semiconductor. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) of organic semiconductors are analogous to the valence and conduction bands of inorganic semiconductors.

When anode is positive with respect to the cathode. A current of electrons flows through the device from cathode to anode, as electrons are injected into the LUMO of the organic layer at the cathode and withdrawn from the HOMO at the anode.

WORKING

ADDRESSING OF DISPLAY (Active matrix)

Place transistor at each pixel Selected pixel will be on until transistor is refreshed

APPLICATIONS
Cellular/mobile phones MP3 players Digital cameras Windows that light-up at dark AMOLED TV TABLET PC

FUTURE PROSPECTS

Curved AMOLED displays Wearable AMOLEDs Transparent AMOLEDs embedded in windows AMOLEDs in car windshields Realizing Concept models of various mobile devices

ADVANTAGES

Thinner ,lighter and flexible

Higher contrast ratio and sun readability

Large viewing angle

Faster response

Brightness Less Power consumption

DISADVANTAGES

Lifetime Manufacturing Susceptible to Water

CONCLUSION
Limited use caused by degradation of materials. OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologies Expensive Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications

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