Have to, dont have to, must, mustnt Modals

Have to, dont have to

She has to get up at 7.00 every day. You have to drive on the left in the UK. We dont have to wear a uniform at this school. He doesnt have to work on Saturdays. Do I have to buy a grammar book? Does she have to study tonight?

+ ?

Dont contract have or has. I have to go. NOT Ive to go. Use have to + infinitive to talk about the rules and obligations, or to say something is necessary. Use dont have to + infinitive to say there is no obligation, or something is not necessary. Use do/ does to make questions and negatives, Do I have to go? NOT Have I to go?

http://www.slideshare.net/eoi.soraya/modal-vbs-to-express-obligation-blog

Must/ mustnt

+ -

You must do your homework tonight. She must tidy her room before she goes out. You mustnt smoke in class. They mustnt leave their bags here.

Contraction: mustnt = must not

 Use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. You must turn off your mobile phones before coming in class. Must/mustnt are the same for all persons. It is not often used in questions (have to is more common). Use mustnt + infinitive to say something is prohibited. You mustnt smoke here. You can use mustnt or cant to talk about rules. You mustnt park here. You cant park here. NOTE Must o have to are very similar, but there is small difference. We normally use have to for a general obligation (a rule at work or a law). We normally use must when speaker imposes the obligation (for example, a teacher to students or a parents to children<9. But often you can use either. Mustnt and dont have to have completely different meanings. Compare: You mustnt go = You cant go. Its prohibited. You dont have to go = You can go if you want, but its not obligatory/necessary.

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.mustnt.i.htm http://www.better-english.com/grammar/mustnt.htm http://www.xtec.cat/~pmarti46/actibank/level1.htm#modals

http://anasenglishactivities.blogspot.com.es/2008/03/modal-verbs.html http://www.e-grammar.org/modal-verbs-can-may-must/test3-exercise2/ http://www.english-4u.de/modal_verbs1.htm http://blocs.xtec.cat/inglixpitinglix/cancouldhave-tomust/ http://www.xtec.cat/~pgili2/english_%20archive/ModalVerbs(th)level23.pdf http://www.slideshare.net/torrestorres/modal-verbs-1133347

Modal Verbs a) Ability: "can", "could", "be able to"

a.1. "can" / "could" 1.- We use "can" ("could" en el pasado) to say that something is possible or to say that someone knows how or has the ability to do something. can (could) + infinitive I can see the lake from my window Can you speak Japanese? We can't go to Paris this weekend "Can" can only be used in the Present and the Past. It cannot be used in the present perfect. Can does not have an infinitive. a.2. "be able to" 2. We can use "be able to" instead of can. be able to + infinitive I haven't been able to do my homework. I will do it tomorrow Are you able to play the piano? b) Obligation: "must", "have to", "have got to" b.1. "must" must + infinitive

1.- We use "must" to say that it is necessary for someone to do something I must go to work today They mustn't smoke in this building We use "must" when we feel that something is true You have been working all day. You must be tired Manuel has been translating all day. He must be bored For the past tense we use:

must + have + past participle I have lost my mobile phone. I must have left it in the library b.2. "have to + infinitive" / "have got to + infinitive" 1. We use "have to" / "have got to" when you talk about external obligation, such as when a law or someone says that something is necessary or important. Tonight we have to go to swimming practice (if we don't we won't be in the team) They have got to go to school on Friday c) Possibility c.1. "may" / "might" may (might) + bare infinitive They may go to the party on Saturday I might wear a dress We may not be able to go to school this week She might not (mightn't) play tennis at Wimbledon 1.- We use "may" or "might" to talk about possible actions in the future. 2. "May" and "might" are usually interchangeable. However, we use "might" (not "may") when the action is not real. If I knew your Mum better, I might invite her over for a cup of tea (The situation is not real because I don't know the Mum better, so I'm not going to invite her. May is not possible in this example). d) Responsibility should (ought to) + bare infinitive e) Lack of obligation / responsibility don't have to (needn't) + bare infinitive

http://www.aulafacil.com/First/Lecciones/Lecc4-G.htm