()

()

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering

National Taipei University

3G20092G3G
2G1,182 3G
1,242

Wireless Technology Roadmap (Source: Dell)

Wireless technologies, categorized by mobility and range, will continue to
evolve to higher data rates...
WWAN
WWAN

GSM
GSM

WCDMA
WCDMA

EDGE
EDGE

GPRS
GPRS 115 kbps

384 kbps

CDMA
CDMA2000
2000

1xEV-DV
1xEV-DV

1xEV-DO
1xEV-DO

1xRTT
1xRTT 144 kbps

HSPDA
HSPDA

(UMTS)
(UMTS) 2 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

Increasing Range and Mobility

MobileFi
MobileFi

BWA
BWA

802.20
802.20
WiMAX
WiMAX

802.16e
802.16e
802.16a
802.16a 2-60 Mbps

WLAN
WLAN

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi

802.11g
802.11g

802.11b
802.11b

802.11n
802.11n

54 Mbps

11 Mbps

100+ Mbps

802.11a
802.11a

WPAN
WPAN

Bluetooth
Bluetooth
1.1
1.1
1 Mbps

Bluetooth
Bluetooth
1.2
1.2
Zigbee
Zigbee
802.15.4
802.15.4 250 Kbps

Past
Past

2004
2004

Bluetooth
Bluetooth
Bluetooth
Bluetooth
EDR
2.x
EDR
2.x
3 Mbps
Zigbee
Zigbee
1
Mbps
802.15.4
802.15.4
UWB
UWB
802.15.3a
802.15.3a100 Mbps+

2005
2005

2006
2006

NG
NG UWB
UWB
480 Mbps

2007+
2007+
7

1
2
2-1
2-2
2-3 2.5
2-4 2.75
2-5 3
2-6 3.5
2-7 4

(2)

(1)

10

AMPSAdvanced Mobile Phone System

TACSTotal Access Communications System

NMT-450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone 450 MHz)NMT-900

Ericsson
NAMTSNEC

11

19902
1998

12

 (3)

(4)

GSMGlobal System for Mobile communication

CDMACode Division Multiple Access
D-AMPSDigital AMPS
PDCPersonal Digital Communication

PDCD-AMPS
LocalityBackward
Compatibility
GSMCDMA

GSMCDMA

22.5
3

2GSMGlobal System for Mobile
communication
2.5GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service
2.75EDGEEnhanced Datarate GPRS
Evolution
3Third Generation3GUMTSUniversal
Mobile Telecommunication System

13

(5)

14

(6)
2.52

GSM9.6K

2001
ETSIEuropean Telecommunications
Standards InstituteGPRS
2.5
2.5
23

AMPS
2IS-95A
2.5IS-95B
2.75IS-95CCDMA2000
1xRTT
3
CDMA20003xRTT1xEV

15

(7)

16

(8)

2.5GPRS
3GPRS
115.2 Kbps

WCDMAWideband
CDMAUMTS3G

CDMA
CDMA20003G

2.52
2.5

17

18

1 (1)

1 (2)
AMPS

AMPS
Cloning

1989AMPS
090091AMPS

AMPSAdvanced Mobile Phone System

AMPS1964
1970
AMPS1983
AMPS
AMPSFDMA
Voice
Channel
AMPS
800MHzAMPS
800MHz824849MHz869
894MHz50MHz
AMPS

090

19

20

2.5
2.75
3
3.5
4

21

2-1 (1)

22

2-1 (2)

GSM

PHS

CT-2Cordless Telephone Second Generation
DECTDigital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunication
PHS Personal Handyphone System
23

24

2-1 (3)

CT-2 (1)
CT-2Cordless Telephone Second Generation
1980
CT-21984CT-2
1987DTICT-2864868MHz
4MHzCT-2MPT1334
BS6833
1989CT-2
MTP137512
CT-2/CAICAI
CT-2CAI

CT2

CT2

CT-2
CT-2

DECT
DECT
DECT
PHS

25

CT-2 (2)

26

CT-2 (3)

CT2
CT2

CT-2

CT-2
CT-2150200
CT-2
Seamless Handoff

CT-2
10

CT-26 Km/hr
CT-2
CT-2510mW
CT2864.1 MHz868.1 MHz
900MHz

CT-2FDMA
100 KHz40voice
channel
Home base
CT-2CT-2
CT-2

27

28

DECT (1)

DECT (2)

DECTDigital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication

1992

DECT1.881.9GHz
50200

DECTTDMA
Pico-cell

DECT12
TDD
32 Kbps
DECT

DECTSleep Mode

time slot
transfer
DECTSeamless Handoff

18801900 MHz
DECT

DECT

29

30

PHS (1)

PHS (2)
PHSTDMA
4Sleep
Mode5150
Standby Mode
PHS18951918.1
MHz77
300KHz

PHSPersonal Handyphone System

RCR

PHS
PHS

IN
PHS
PHS

3718951906.1MHz

401906.11918.1MHz

31

2-2

32

D-AMPS (1)
D-AMPSAMPS
EIA/TIA IS-54
Digital Cellular System
1987EIA/TIA
IS-54
IS-54IS-136
D-AMPSAMPS2
TDMA
American
Digital CellularADCTDMANorth
American TDMANA-TDMA
IS-136
8AMPS

D-AMPSDigital AMPS
CDMA OneIS-95
GSM

33

D-AMPS (2)

CDMA One

D-AMPSAMPS

34

CDMA
-
-
(1)
(2)()
(3)
(4)
(5)

broadcast messaging
private user group
hierarchical cell structure
slotted paging channel
sleep mode

D-AMPSAMPS

35

36

SIM-IMEI-IMSI

CDMA One (1)

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment

Identity)
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber
Identity)SIM
IMEI IMSI
(MS)()
(SIMSubscriber
Identity Module)SIM

SIM
GSM GSM

CDMA OneCDMA
IS-95CDMACDMA
OneIS-95
CDMA2000
CDMA One
IS-95CDMA
CDMAIS-95
IS-95 CDMA

IMSI
TMSI

37

CDMA One (2)

38

CDMA One (3)

IS-95
2IS-95A
2.5IS-95B
2.75IS-95C

IS-95A CDMA One

14.4 Kbps
19982
QualcommIS-95
IS-95BCDMA One
IS-95B115 Kbps
64 Kbps

IS-95A IS-95B

CDMA One
3GCDMA2000
IS-95B
IS-95CCDMA2000 1xRTT
2.75
1xRTT stands for one times the number of 1.25MHz channels,
while RTT stands for Radio Transmission Technology

CDMA2000 1xRTTCDMA
One2144
Kbps
CDMA OneCDMA2000 1xRTT
Channel Card

39

40

GSM (1)

GSM (2)

1982CEPTGSM
GSM
CEPT1989ETSI

GSM

GSM

GSMSIM
SIM

SIM

41

42

GSM (3)

GSM (4)

Handoff
GSM

GSM

FM

GSM
TDMA

GSMGSM

GSM

43

GSM (5)

44

GSM (6)

GSM

GSM

GSM
9.6kbps

GSMShort Message ServiceSMSGSM

Signal Channel
160

Cell Broadcast SMS

Point-to-Point SMS
GSM

45

46

GSM (7)

GSM

BTSBase Transceiver Station

BSCBase Station Controller
MSC/VLRMobile Switching CenterVisitor Location Register
HLRHome Location Register

VLR

BSC

IWMSC

BTS

GSM

HLR
BTS
BTS

BTS

BSC

MSC

GMSC

47

48
48

GSM (9)

GSM (10)

Base Transceiver StationBTS

Visitor Location RegisterVLR

BTS

BTS

VLR

Base Station ControllerBSC

Home Location RegisterHLR

handoff

Mobile Switching CenterMSC

MSCGSM

MSCGSM
MSC

GSM
MSCPSTN

HLR

GSM
HLR

49

50

HLR (Service Profile) HLR

HLR ( VLR )
(Power Off) GSM ( HLR VLR
)

( 0932-212345) (Power On)

(Registration) BSC MSC/VLR
(International Mobile
Subscriber Identity IMSI SIM ) GSM
0932-212345 ( IMSI 466-92-XXXXXXXXXX)
MSC/VLR HLR

MSC/VLR HLR
SIM GSM (HLR)

HLR
(MSC) (BSS)
HLR HLR (Service Profile)
VLR( VLR)
MSC/VLR

(Roaming) MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR (HLR) MSC/VLR

51

52

GSM 1800 GSM 900

1.GSM 1800 GSM 900

GSM 900 900 MHz GSM 1800 1800 MHz
GSM 900 GSM
1800 GSM 900 GSM 1800
GSM 900
GSM 1800

GSM 900 GSM 1800

(Down-tilt)

( )
( )
( ) (Quality of
Service QoS) (Blocking Rate)
GSM 900 GSM 1800 (Co-located)

53

54

2.5 (1)

2.5 (2)

GSM

GSM

GSM

9.6 Kbps

2001ETSIphase2+
GPRSGeneral Packet Radio
Service
GPRSGSM

GPRSGSM
Circuit-Switched
Packet-Switched

55

2.5 (3)

56

2.5 (4)

GPRSGSM

64 Kbps
171.2 Kbps
GPRS

GPRS2

Point to Point

GPRS

GPRS2.5
23

GPRS
IP

GPRSGSM
GSMGPRS
SGSNServing
GPRS Support NodeGGSNGateway GPRS Support
Node
HLRVLR

Router
Internet

57

58

2.5 (6)

GSMGPRS

GPRSGSM

GSMGSM

GPRSGSM

GSM
GPRSGSM

59

60

2.75 (1)

GPRS

3GSM/GPRS
Enhanced Data
Rates for Global EvolutionEDGE
EDGEGPRS

EDGE

8PSK
48 Kbps
EDGE8
384 Kbps

2GPRSEDGE
UMTSCDMA20003

61

62

2.75 (2)

3 (1)

EDGE
Air Access Interface
EDGE

EDGEGSM/GPRS

EDGE
8PSK

2GSMIS-95
21

GPRS

3
2.5G
3GThird Generation3

3G

- 3G Internet

38

63

3 (2)

64

3 (3)

312

23

32
32

65

Internet

GPRS100200 KbpsEDGE
384 Kbps
3

ITU3
3
144 Kbps
2 Mbps
384 Kbps

66

3 (4) -3G

3 (5)

3G
IP

144Kbps~2Mbps

3G

3G5

UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System

WCDMAWideband CDMA
384 Kbps2 Mbps

CDMA2000

2CDMA
CDMA2000 1xRTT1x Radio
Transmission Technology153.6 Kbps
WCDMA
CDMA2000 1xEV1x
Evolution
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO1x Evolution-Data Only
1xEV-DV1x Evolution-Data & Voice

2.4 Mbps

67

68

UMTS (1)

UMTS (2)

UMTS 2 Mbps

384 Kbps
2 Mbps
GPRS212
UMTS5 MHzIS-951.25
MHz
UMTS
GSMhandoff
Frame Error RateFER10%

single connection

GPRSUMTS

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)UMTS

Release 5Core Network
IPAll IP Core Network
IPIMS :IP Multimedia
Subsystem)

69

CDMA2000

70

CDMA2000 (1)
CDMA2000

CDMA200019991
3GPP23GPP number 2
TIA/EIA-41CDMA2000
CDMA 2000 1xCDMA 2000
3xCDMA2000 1xEVevolution
CDMA2000 3x31.25MHz
2-4MbpsCDMA2000 1xEV
CDMA 2000 1xEV-DOData Optimized
CDMA 2000 1xEV-DVData and
Voice3.1Mbps

IS95-C/CDMA 2000 1xRTT

2.75
3

CDMA2000 3xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV

CDMA 2000 1xRTT

3
2 Mbps
1xRTT
CDMA One1.25MHz
carrier3xRTT31.25
MHz carrier
71

72

CDMA2000 (2)

CDMA2000 (3)

CDMA2000 1xRTT2G3G
3

CDMA2000 1xRTT3
CDMA2000 1xEVCDMA2000 1xEV-DO1xEVDV

1xEV-DV1x EVolution - Data & Voice

2.4 Mbps
CDMA One3

CDMA2000
IS-95

CDMA2000 1X2000

CDMA 2000 1X144Kbps

IS-95A (9.6Kbps)IS95B(64Kbps)

NokiaMotorola1xTREME
5.2 Mbps
QualcommHDRHigh Date Rate
2.4 Mbps

TIAQualcommHDR

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

Forward Link(download) 2.4 Mbps

Reverse Link300 Kbps

73

74

2007/7Gcdma2000
GWCDMAcdma2000
75

76

B3G

TD-SCDMA

WWRF 3G

3.5G3.75G 4G5G

TD-SCDMA (Time Division- Synchronization

Code Division Multiple Access)
(3G)

ITU Systems Beyond IMT 2000

=15MHz (95 MHz3

); =8kbps~2Mbps

B3G 3G B3G
Internet Protocol IP
Heterogeneous Multi-access
Network
Roaming
Seamless

77

78

B3G

B3G

MCM-Multi-Carrier Modulation
MCM
Frequency Division MultiplexingFDM
OFDM-3G Code Division
Multiple AccessCDMAB3G
Orthogonal Frequency Division
MultiplexingOFDMOFDM

MIMO-
MIMOMultiple Input and Multiple Output

MIMO

B3G MCM
SDR MIMO IPv6OFDM
SeamlessHigh Data Rate High Speed
Connection

79

B3G

80

3.X-3.5G

Smart Antenna

HSDPA(HSPAhigh-speed packet access)

HSPA
HSDPAHSUPAHSOPA
UMTS
HSDPA(3.5G)( High Speed Downlink Packet Access) :

SDR-Software-Defined Radio
SDRDSP

14.4Mbps

Skype on HSDPA
WCDMAHSDPA
WCDMA
HSDPA

WCDMA R5

IPv6-IETF
1998 IPv6Internet Protocol Version
6IPv6
128 IPv6
IPv4 2 96
81

82

3.5G
WCDMA
3GCDMA2000
WCDMACDMA2000

3GPDANB
WCDMAIntel
HSDPA 3.5GWCDMA

3.5G
3.5G
3.6M
83

84

3.75G

3.xxG

3.75GHSUPA (high-speed
uplink packet access)
HSUPAHSPA
5.76Mbps
HSUPA3GPP release
6

HSPA+HSPA(HSPA Evolved)
3GPP7(Release 7)
WCDMA

HSPA+64QAMMIMO
28 Mbps
42~84Mbp
11.5Mbps23Mbps
HSPA3.6Mbps

QPS Downlink14.4Mbps
uplink5.76Mbps

85

86

3.9G - Long Term Evoluation

Super 3G

3.9GLTE (3GPP R8) (from HSOPA)

HSOPA (high speed

OFDM packet access)
HSOPA100Mbps
50Mbps
HSOPAsuper 3G
(air interface)CDMA
OFDMMIMO
W-CDMA
10

OFDMMIMOadaptive bandwidth1.25 ~
20MHz
Downlink100Mbps (20MHz bandwidth)
QPSK16QAM64QAM
Uplink50 Mbps (20MHz bandwidth)QPSK
16QAM
Concurrently support 200 users (in 5MHz
bandwidth)
Cell coverage rangesoptimized 5 ~ 30Km, up
to100Km
All-IP network (AIPN)
87

3GPP Evolution

88

3.9G ~ 4G
LTEWiMAX4G

3.9G4G
LTEWiMAX
3.9G
2008LTE
Advance LTEWiMAX
802.16m4G
4GLTEWiMAX
4G

Release 99 (Mar. 2000): UMTS/WCDMA

Rel-5 (Mar. 2002): HSDPA
Rel-6 (Mar. 2005): HSUPA
Rel-7 (2007): DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia
Subsystem), optimized real-time services (VoIP,
gaming, push-to-talk).
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile
System started in November 2004
Standardized in the form of Rel-8
Spec finalized and approved in January 2008
Target deployment in 2010

89

90

4

National Science and Technology
Program for Telecommunications
NTPTW4G4G

2008
2010
TW4G
2012

Seamless
Networking

100Mbps 1GbpsIP

Triple
Play

91

92

4
802.16e -
last mile802.16e
4G

802.20 -Qualcomm802.20

TW4G3GPP
EvolutionWiMAX
IEEE 802.16e802.16jMobile
Multi-hop RelayMMR4G

802.20OFDM4G

VSF-OFCDM2006
2010

IEEE802.20MBWAMobile
Broadband Wireless Access)

20012005
1.55
24G
93

WiBroWireless Broadband)

94

WiBro

WiBroWireless Broadband -
2002
CDMA
WiBro
IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMAX)
WiBroTDDOFDMA
multiple access8.75 MHzChannel
WiBro
(ADSL
Wireless LAN)
WiBro3G
WLANWiBroLAN
WLANWLAN
WLAN
3G

WiBroWirelessBroadband

60KM/h
512Kbps/128Kbps1Mbps/3Mbps
WiBroRoaming

95

96

802.20

802.20

IEEE 802802.11/15/16/18/19/20
802.20
Wi-Fi LAN
WLAN/802.11a/b/g
?
802.20
Wi-Fi LAN
Wi-Fi802.16metropolitan area
networkMAN
30
802.202G3G

Wi-Fi
802.20
4G

Qualcomm802.20
Qualcomm
Flash OFDMUMB (Ultra
Mobile Broadband)
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO version C
Qualcomm 3GPP
WCDMALTE (Long Term
Evolution) UMB

97

98

3GPP2 Evolution

4G

CDMA2000 1X (1999)
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (2000)
EV-DO Rev. A (2004): VoIP
EV-DO Rev. B (2006): Multi-carrier
Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)

Based on EV-DO, IEEE 802.20, and FLASH-OFDM

IEEE 802.20 or Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
(MBWA)

is an IEEE Standard to enable worldwide

deployment of multivendor
interoperable mobile broadband wireless access
networks
Spec finalized in April 2007.
Commercially available in early 2009.

4G

802.16e, 802.16j,
3GPP

802.20, OFDM

VSF-OFCDM

2008

2010

2007

2006
2010

100Mbps

100Mbps

100Mbps()
1Gbps()

150 km/hr

250 km/hr

300 km/hr

Source :20066

99

100

Wi-Fi

4G

Wireless Fidelity
802.11 a/b/g Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11

802.11a
199975 GHz 54Mbps
802.11b / g

802.11b
199972.4GHz 11Mbps

802.11g
200362.4GHz 54Mbps

101

102

Wi-Fi application

WiFly

(Wireless Local Area

Network )
(Radio Frequency, RF)

,
2005 ,
WiFly
,
,
,

103

104

WiFly

Wi-Fi & WiMAX

,
,
Hot Spot,
,
,
, Hot
Zone
,

Wi-FiLAN
WiMAXWAN

Wi-Fi
WiMAX

WiMAX Wi-Fi

WiMAX WiFi

105

106

WiMAX
94M-Taiwan
965 WiMAX Forum
40 WiMAX Forum
967262.5-2.6GHz
WiMAX

Taipei Summit 2007WiMAX

2007WiMAX0.32
2
WiMAX

WiMAX

107

108

What is WiMAX?

WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

Access
Wireless MAN(WMAN)
Last Mile access
xDSLCable moden
WiMAX

3.5G5.8G
1Mbps
3G

2.5G
WiMAX

109

110

IEEE 802.16 Standard Evolution

802.16
standard

802.16

802.16a

802.16-2004

802.16e
802.16h License Exempt
Co-existence Procedures

802.16802.16-2004 Fixed Applications

()

July 1999

Last Mile & Backhaul

(Licensed/Unlicensed(Licensed/Unlicensed- NonNon-LOS: < 11GHz

& LOS: 1010-66GHz)
July 2004

10~66GHz

2~11GHz

2~6 GHz

LOS

NLOS

NLOS

32~134Mbps

75Mbps

15Mbps

802.16e Fixed and Mobile

(Licensed : NonNon-LOS: < 6GHz)

QPSK16QAM
64QAM

QPSK16QAM64QAM
256 Subcarrier OFDM

~Q3 2007

Mobile Device

(Unlicensed)

Dec 2004

Feb 2004

QPSK16QAM64QAM
257 Subcarrier OFDM

1~3 Mile

4~6Mile(30Mile)

1~3 Mile

Dec 2005

802.16f Fixed
MIBs

Sept 2004

Sept 2005

4/04 & 10/06

7/05 & ~Q2/07

Dec 2005

Nov 2006

(Licensed)

~Q4 2009

802.16j MMR
Mobile Multi-hop Relay

802.16i
Mobile MIBs
~Q2 2007

802.16g
Fixed and Mobile Management
Aug 2004

802.16m WiMAX 2
IMT - Advanced

802.16/
Corrigendum 1&2

March 2006

~Q1 2008

IEEE Standards
~Q1 2007

Under development
Tentative schedule

1mile 1.6Km
LOS (Line of Sight)

Source: Intel
111

112

WiMaxLTE
4GWiMax
4G4G
LTEUMB

113

114

LTE4G .

WiMax
64
156LTE
WiMax
WiMaxWiFI
IP

WiMax
4GLTE
WiMax

,
( 4G ).
WimaxLTE (Long Term Evolution,
LTE)4G ,
INTELWIMAX,
, LTE4G
.

115

LTE4G .

116

Mobile
WiMAX

WiMAX ForumINTELPC
WiMAX
LTE, LTE
? ,
LTE
. ,

117

118

TD-LTE

TD-LTE
4GTD-LTE

173Mbps
TD-LTE

TD-LTE
TD-LTE

TD-LTE
TD-LTE40

TD-LTE

TD-LTETD-LTE
(2011)

TD-LTENTT
DoCoMo

119

120

TD-LTE

TD-LTE
3(2010-06-03)
TD-LTE4G()
70%10
4G
TD-LTE (Long Term Evolution)
TD-LTE-Advanced
WiMax4G
TD-LTELTE (FDD-LTE)3GPP
23GTDSCDMA(TDD)
/WiMAX
(FDD)
GSM

NSN
(2010)TD-LTE
NSN
TD-LTE
NSN

TD-LTE
TD-LTE

121

122

LTEWiMAX
WiMAXLTEIP
OFDM

WiMAX ForumPC
WiMAX
LTE LTE

WiMAX

Intel

Intel
WiMAXForum

LTE
WiMAX
LTE

123

LTE
3G

GSM
3GCDMA2000
WCDMA

124

LTE

LTE
3G2G
WiMAX

125

126

LTE

LTE
IP
LTE2G3G
LTE

VoIP
VoIP

4GLTE
2G3G
WiMAXFDD-LTETDLTE

LTE Advanced

127

WiMAXSprints

YotaWiMAX Forum
LTE
Intel
WiMAX4G

128

Yota
BeelineMegafon
MTSRostelekom
WiMAX LTE
2014LTE
180
WiMAX
BSNLLTELTE
WiMAXWiMAX
Forum

129

130

3GB3G4G

FDMA

131

132

TDMA

CDMA

133

135

134