Clulas de la respuesta Inmune

Departamento de Bioqumica Facultad de Medicina UNAM Agosto 2012

Las principales fuerzas anmicas

Ig expression during B lymphocyte maturation.

Morfologa de linfocitos
A. Linfocito B. Linfocito (microfoto) C. Linfoblasto

Morphology of plasma cells.

Morofologa del timo

A. Light micrograph of a lobe of the thymus showing the cortex and medulla. The bluestained cells are developing T cells (thymocytes). B. Diagram of the thymus illustrating a portion of a lobe divided into multiple lobules by fibrous trabeculae.

Reconocimiento-eliminacin de timocitos

Eliminacin por apoptosis Participacin de Galectinas en Corteza El cido silico proteccin

The lymphatic system

The major lymphatic vessels and collections of lymph nodes. Antigens are captured from a site of infection, and the draining lymph node to which these antigens are transported and where the immune response is initiated.

Morphology of a lymph node

A. Diagram of a lymph node illustrating the T and B cell rich zones and the routes of entry of lymphocytes and antigen (shown captured by a dendritic cell). B. Microanatomy of a lymph node depicting the route of lymph drainage from the subcapsular sinus, through fibroreticular cell conduits, to the perivenular channel around the HEV. C.Lymph node illustrating T
cell and B cell zones

Segregation of B cells and T cells in a lymph node.

A. The path by which naive T and B lymphocytes migrate to areas of a lymph node. The lymphocytes enter through an artery and reach an HEV, from where naive lymphocytes are drawn to different areas of the node by chemokines and bind selectively to either cell type. Also shown is the migration of dendritic cells, which pick up antigens from the sites of antigen entry, enter through afferent lymphatic vessels, and migrate to the T cellrich areas of the node. B. The B lymphocytes (in green), are located in the follicles; the T cells (in red), in the parafollicular cortex.

Morphology of the spleen.

A. Diagram of the spleen illustrating T cell and B cell zones, which make up the white pulp. B. A section of human spleen showing a trabecular artery with adjacent periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and a lymphoid follicle with a germinal center. Surrounding these areas is the red pulp, rich in vascular sinusoids. C. T cell and B cell zones in the spleen, shown in a crosssection of the region around an arteriole. T cells (red) in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and B cells (green) in the follicle

Cellular components of the cutaneous immune system.

The major components of the cutaneous immune system shown in this schematic diagram include keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, and intraepidermal lymphocytes, all located in the epidermis, and T lymphocytes and macrophages, located in the dermis.

The mucosal immune system

A.Diagram of the cellular components of the mucosal immune system in the intestine. B. Mucosal lymphoid tissue in the human intestine. Similar aggregates of lymphoid tissue are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract.

Pathways of T lymphocyte recirculation.

Naive T cells preferentially leave the blood and enter lymph nodes across the HEVs. Dendritic cells bearing antigen enter the lymph node through lymphatic vessels. If the T cells recognize antigen, they are activated, and they return to the circulation through the efferent lymphatics and the thoracic duct, which empties into the superior vena cava, then into the heart, and ultimately into the arterial circulation. Effector and memory T cells preferentially leave the blood and enter peripheral tissues through venules at sites of inflammation.

Ligh endothelial venules.

A. Light micrograph of an HEV in a lymph node illustrating the tall endothelial cells. B. Expression of Lselectin ligand on HEVs, stained with a specific antibody by the immunoperoxidase technique. (The location of the antibody is revealed by a brown reaction product of peroxidase, which is coupled to the antibody; see Appendix III for details.) The HEVs are abundant in the T cell zone of the lymph node. C. A binding assay in which lymphocytes are incubated with frozen sections of a lymph node. The lymphocytes (stained dark blue) bind selectively to HEVs. D. Scanning electron micrograph of an HEV with lymphocytes attached to the luminal surface of the endothelial cells.

Migration of naive and effector T lymphocytes.

Galectin 1 functions as a pattern-recognition receptor for paramixoviruses and HIV-1

a In both Nipah virus and Hendra virus (Paramyxoviridae family), galectin 1 specifically crosslinks the N glycans displayed in the envelope glycoproteins, causing aberrant oligomerization and blocking cellcell fusion. b Galectin 1 promotes infection by HIV-1 by mediating viral attachment to host cell surface glycans. Galectin 1 enhances HIV-1 adsorption kinetics on monocyte-derived host macrophages, which facilitates HIV-1 infectivity by shortening the time required to establish an infection.

Glycans on the surface of selected microorganisms and protistan or metazoan parasites potentially recognized by galectins 1, 3 and 9.

Galectin-glycoprotein lattices in the regulation of receptor turnover, cell signaling and survival