THE INTERNET Christian V.

Del Rosario, RN, MAN

The Internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computer networks that operates using a standard set of communications.

The Internet was purposely designed to be highly decentralized and independent of the underlying physical media.

Terminologies

1. Internet is a short form of the technical term internetwork, the result of interconnecting
computer networks with special gateways or routers. The Internet is also often referred to as the Net.

2. Internet Protocol Suite - establish the rules for how information passes through the
Internet Without these rules, you would need direct connections to other computers to access the information they hold

TCP/IP provides the basic language on how data will be transmitted

TCP (transmission control protocol) - allows computers to connect to a network and exchange data; carries the task of breaking messages into small packets (datagrams)

IP (internet protocol) - responsible for making decision on the packets and routing them.

IP Address - Each device connected to the Internet has an IP address. This is how one machine can find another through the massive network. Example: 216.27.61.137

HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext Hypertext - text displayed on the monitor that contains hyperlinks Hyperlink - is the URL to which this hypertext takes one to URL (uniform resource locator) a specific character string that constitutes a reference to an Internet resource

web address http://www.googleguide.com/searchEngines/google/searchLeader.html

FTP (file transfer protocol) rules used to transfer files across the net

3. WWW (world wide wed) - system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the
Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks. Take note: www is not the same as internet!!! www is a way of accessing information using the internet The internet can also be used for e-mail, instant messaging and file transfers Even though we use www.yahoomail.com or www.gmail.com to send e-mails, the process of sending e-mails do not use world wide web

4. Domain - defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet.

Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS)

Anatomy of a Web Address

Common Top-level Domains

How the Internet Works

1. First, you open your browser and

connect to the web site. When you do this, your computer sends an electronic request over your Internet connection to your Internet service provider (ISP) Modem (modulator3.

to

which

packet

should

be

forwarded toward its destination DNS will look for a match for the site

youve typed

4. If it finds a match, it will direct you

further up to the web server, which holds the information you needed

demodulator) - a device that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines. 2. The ISP routes the request towards the

5. The server will respond by sending the

requested file in a series of packets. 6. Each packet travels back up the

Domain Name Server (DNS) Router a device that

network and down to your computer

determines the next network point Electronic Mail (E-mail) One of the most popular uses for the Internet remains the ability to send and receive electronic mail or e-mail. Common providers are Yahoo Mail, Gmail, and Hotmail. Anatomy of an E-mail Address Example: hyper_yke@yahoo.com

Name (Username) the name of the owner of the address. Users can devise their own name based on the availability.

Email Provider / Organizational Code denotes the email providers or Organizational Code in conjunction with the organizational website (@mugglenet, @microsoft, etc).

Domain corresponds to the high level domain names.

INTERNET ISSUES a. Human Rights the increased importance of the Internet has led to increased attempts to control citizens' access to the Internet, without due regard to the impact on their fundamental human rights Example: there are countries that limit their citizens access to certain information or upload content b. Online Identity We are using online identities access medical services, manage our finances, purchase products for all aspects of our lives, and interact with our friends, colleagues, and even strangers.

But some of these features come with a trade-off: Less privacy and less control over how personal information is used.

We often dont even realize what information about ourselves and others we are providing to both well-intentioned and malicious parties on the Internet.

c. Intellectual Property The range of new technologies and the speed of innovation raises intellectual property issues: domain names are often inextricably linked with trademark issues; and the ease with which digital technologies allow for copying and distribution challenges copyright law enforcement. Intellectual property is currently at the center of an international debate in many different forums regarding how to reconcile the potential of the Internet with traditional intellectual property approaches, including how to stop unlawful transactions on the Internet. d. Spam Unsolicited bulk messages, indiscriminate advertising Spam has grown to be a major concern for Internet users and policy makers not only congesting networks and disseminating viruses and fraudulent messages, but also undermining trust in the Internet and the digital economy.

e. Security Malicious activities, such as denial of service attacks, spam, viruses, phishing scams, and other fraudulent activities, abuse the freedoms of the Internet Such activities can cause damage to others and interfere with the right of everyone to a safe and rewarding online environment.