CALCULODELASFUNCIONESVECTORIALES.

La expresin

R ( t + t ) R ( t ) se utiliza para indicar la divisin de un vector entre un t 1 escalarysignifica R ( t + t ) R ( t ) t DERIVADADEUNAFUNCINVECTORIAL

Lanotacin Dt2R ( t ) puedeemplearseenlugarde R ( t ) R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j + h ( t ) k ,si f ( t ) , g ( t ) y h ( t ) existen.

DEFINICINDEFUNCINVECTORIALDIFERENCIABLEENUNINTERVALO Sedicequeunafuncinvectorial R esdiferenciableenunintervalosi R ( t ) existepara

todoslosvaloresde t delintervalo. DERIVACINDELASUMADEDOSFUNCIONESVECTORIALES. Si R y Q sondosfuncionesvectorialesdiferenciablesenunintervalo,entonces R + Q es diferenciableenelintervalo,y Dt R ( t ) + Q ( t ) = Dt R ( t ) + Dt Q ( t )

ww

R ( t ) = Dt R ( t )

w.

La segunda derivada de R , (funcin vectorial) se denotada por R ( t ) , y est dada por

at e

Nota:paravectoresdelplanodonde R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j ladireccinde R ( t ) estdada dy (t ) g por ( 0 2 ) dnde tan = ;estoes,con x = f ( t ) y y = g ( t ) tan = dt dx f (t ) dt

m at ic

a1

Si R es una funcin vectorial, entonces la derivada de R es una funcin vectorial, R ( t + t ) R ( t ) denotadapor R ydefinidapor R ( t ) = lim siestelmiteexiste. t 0 t Lanotacin Dt R ( t ) seempleaenocasionesenlugarde R ( t ) . Si R esunafuncinvectorialdefinidapor: R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j + h ( t ) k R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j + h ( t ) k Si f ( t ) + g ( t ) y h ( t ) existen.

.c o

 EJEMPLO 1. Dadas las funciones vectoriales, R ( t ) = t 2 i + ( t 1 ) j y Q ( t ) = senti + cos tj

determine Dt R ( t ) + Q ( t )

Dt R ( t ) + Q ( t ) = Dt t 2 i + ( t 1 ) j + [ senti + cos tj ] = Dt ( t 2 + sent ) i + ( t 1 + cos t ) j = = ( 2t + cos t ) i + (1 sent ) j Dt R ( t ) + Dt Q ( t ) = Dt t 2 i + ( t 1 ) j + Dt [ senti + cos tj ] = ( 2ti + j ) + ( cos ti sentj ) =

= ( 2t + cos t ) i + (1 sent ) j Portanto, Dt R ( t ) + Q ( t ) = Dt R ( t ) + Dt Q ( t )

TEOREMALADERIVADADELPRODUCTOPUNTODEDOSFUNCIONESVECTORIALES.

Si R y Q sondosfuncionesvectorialesdiferenciablesenunintervalo,entonces R iQ es

R ( t ) = t 2 i + ( t 1 ) j y Q ( t ) = senti + cos tj

As, R ( t )iQ ( t ) = t 2 sent + ( t 1 ) cos t .Portanto,

Como Dt R ( t ) = 2ti + j y Dt Q ( t ) = cos ti sentj ,setiene

= ( 2t sent + cos t ) + t 2 cos t ( t 1) sent = ( t + 1) sent + ( t 2 + 1) cos t

diferenciableenelintervalo,entonces Dt { f ( t ) R ( t )} = Dt f ( t ) R ( t ) + f ( t ) Dt R ( t )

DERIVADADELPRODUCTODEUNAFUNCINREALYUNAUNCINVECTORIAL Si R es una funcin vectorial diferenciable en un intervalo y f es una funcin real

TEOREMALADERIVADADELPRODUCTOCRUZDEDOSFUNCIONESVECTORIALES La derivada del producto cruz de dos funciones vectoriales, es importante mantener el orden correcto de las funciones vectoriales debido a que el producto cruz no es conmutativo. Si R y Q sondosfuncionesvectorialesdiferenciables,entonces

ww

w.

Dt R ( t ) iQ ( t ) + R ( t )i Dt Q ( t ) = ( 2ti + j )i( senti + cos tj ) + t 2i + ( t 1 ) j i( cos ti sentj ) =

at e

Dt R ( t )iQ ( t ) = 2t sent + t 2 cos t + cos t + ( t 1 ) ( sent ) = ( t + 1 ) sent + ( t 2 + 1 ) cos t

m at ic

EJEMPLO2.Paralasfuncionesvectorialesdelejemplo1.Determine R ( t )iQ ( t )

a1

.c o

diferenciableenelintervalo,y Dt R ( t )iQ ( t ) = Dt R ( t ) iQ ( t ) + R ( t )i Dt Q ( t )

(1)

(2)

R ( t ) y Q ( t ) existen. TEOREMALAREGLADELACADENAPARAFUNCIONESVECTORIALES. Supongaque F esunafuncinvectorial, h esunafuncinrealy G eslafuncinvectorial d definidapor G ( t ) = F ( h ( t ) ) .Si = h ( t ) y y D G ( t ) existen,entonces Dt G ( t ) existey dt d estdadapor Dt G ( t ) = D G ( t ) dt EJEMPLO 3. Calcule Dt G ( t ) si las funciones estn definidas por F ( ) = 2 i + e j + ln k y h ( t ) = sent
Con = h ( t ) y G ( t ) = F ( h ( t ) )

Dt R ( t ) Q (t ) = R ( t ) Q ( t ) + R ( t ) Q ( t ) para todos los valores de t para los cuales

d 1 d = 2 i + e j + k Pero = sent ;demodoque dt dt d 1 = 2 senti + e sent j + D G ( t ) k cos t = 2 sent cos ti + e sent cos tj + cot tk dt sent d De(3),elmiembroderechodeestaecuacines Dt G ( t ) .Portanto, D G ( t ) dt = Dt G ( t ) Nota: Si R es una funcin vectorial diferenciable en un intervalo y R ( t ) es constante
paratoda t delintervalo,entonceslosvectores R ( t ) y Dt R ( t ) sonortogonales. INTEGRALINDEFINIDADEUNAFUNCINVECTORIAL Si Q es la funcin vectorial determinada por Q ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j + h ( t ) k , entonces la integral indefinida de Q ( t ) esta definida por Q ( t ) dt = i f ( t ) dt + j g ( t ) dt + k h ( t ) dt

Laderivadaenlosdosmiembrosdelaecuacinanteriorconrespectoa t ,resulta
Dt Q ( t ) dt = iDt f ( t ) dt + jDt g ( t ) dt + kDt h (t ) dt = if ( t ) + jg ( t ) + kh (t )

ww

w.

at e

D G ( t )

m at ic

Alcalcular Dt G ( t ) Dt G ( t ) = 2 sent cos ti + e sent cos tj + cot tk (3) Ahorasecalculaelmiembroderechodelaecuacin Puestoque G ( t ) tambinpuedeexpresarsecomo 2 i + e j + ln k ,setiene

.c o

= sent y G ( t ) = sen2ti + e sent j + ln sentk

a1

De cada una de las integrales indefinidas calculadas, se obtiene una constante escalar arbitraria.Cuandocadaunodeestosescalaressemultiplicapor i , j o k resultadelasuma unvectorconstantearbitrario.As:

Q (t ) dt = R (t ) + C Donde D R (t ) = Q (t ) y C esunvectorconstantearbitrario.
t

EJEMPLO 4. Determine la funcin vectorial ms general cuya derivada sea Q ( t ) = senti 3cos tj + 2 tk Si Dt R ( t ) = Q ( t ) ,entonces R ( t ) = Q ( t ) dt ;estoes,
R ( t ) = i sent dt 3 j cos t dt + k 2t dt = i ( cos t + C1 ) 3 j ( sent + C2 ) + k ( t 2 + C 3 ) = = cos ti 3sentj + t 2 k + ( C1i 3C2 j + C 3k ) = cos ti 3 sentj + t 2 k + C

m at ic

C1 1 = 1 C1 = 2 C1 + 1 = 1 C 2 = 0 R ( t ) = ( e t + 2 ) i + et j + ( 3t + 5) k C3 = 5

ww

y g soncontinuasenelintervalocerrado [a, b] ysi L unidadeseslalongituddearcode

C desde el punto
L=
b 2 2 a

( f (a ) ,g (a ))

w.

LONGITUDDEARCO Si C esunacurvaplanacuyasecuacionesparamtricasson x = f ( t ) y y = g ( t ) ,donde f

at e

a1

EJEMPLO5.Obtengaelvector R ( t ) paraelcual Dt R ( t ) = e t i + et j + 3k y R ( 0 ) = i + j + 5k R ( t ) = i e t dt + j et dt + k 3 dt = i ( e t + C1 ) + j ( et + C2 ) + k ( 3t + C 3 )

R ( 0 ) = i + j + 5k i + j + 5k = i ( 1 + C1 ) + j (1 + C2 ) + k ( C 3 )

.c o

hasta el punto

( f ( b ) , g ( b ) ) ,

entonces

f ( t ) + g ( t ) dt

Puesto que una ecuacin vectorial de C es R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j , esta ecuacin puede escribirsecomo L = R ( t ) dt

b a

EJEMPLO6.Calculelalongituddearcodescritoporelpuntoterminaldelarepresentacin deposicinde R ( t ) conforme t seincrementade1a4si R ( t ) = et senti + et cos tj

R ( t ) = ( et sent + et cos t ) i + ( et cos t et sent ) j R ( t ) =

t t 2 t t

( e sent + e cos t ) + ( e cos t e sent )

R ( t ) = e2t sen2t + 2 sent cos t + cos2 t + cos2 t 2sent cos t + sen2t = et 2 L=

4 1

2et dt = 2 et 1 = 2 ( e 4 e )
4

Lalongituddearcodeunacurvaenelespaciotridimensional. Sea C la curva cuya ecuacin vectorial es R ( t ) = f ( t ) i + g ( t ) j + h ( t ) k , y suponga que

f , g y h soncontinuasenelintervalocerrado [a, b] .Entoncessi L eslalongituddearco

de C desde el punto ( f ( a ) , g ( a ) , h ( a ) ) hasta el punto ( f ( b ) , g ( b ) , h ( b ) ) esta viene expresadapor L = R ( t ) dt
b a

Enlosejercicios1a10,calcule R ( t ) y R ( t )

2) R(t ) = (t 2 3)i + (2t + 1) j

R (t ) = (t 2 3)i + (2t + 1) j R(t ) = 2ti + 2 j R(t ) = 2i 3) R(t ) = t 1 t 2 i+ j t +1 t t 1 t 2 R (t ) = i+ j = 1 2(t + 1) 1 i + (1 2t 1 ) j R(t ) = 2(t + 1) 2i + 2t 2 j t +1 t R(t ) = 4(t + 1) 3 i 4t 3 j 4) R(t ) = (t 2 + 4) 1 i + 1 5tj R (t ) = (t 2 + 4) 1 + 1 5t j R(t ) = 2t (t 2 + 4) 2 i
1 5 (1 5t ) 2 j 2

ww

w.

1 1) R ( t ) = ti + j t 1 R ( t ) = ti + t j R ( t ) = i t 2 j R ( t ) = 2t 3 j

at e

m at ic

EJERCICIOSRESUELTOS

a1

L=

.c o

2 ( 2 sent ) + (2cos t )2 + 1dt = 0

EJEMPLO 7. Calcule la longitud de arco de la hlice circular R ( t ) = 2cos ti + 2 sentj + tk desde t = 0 hasta t = 4 . R ( t ) = 2 senti + 2cos tj + k

4 sen2t + 4cos2 t + 1dt =

5dt = 4 5 = 28.10

3 2(t 2 + 4) 2 + ( 2t )( 4t ) ( t 2 + 4 )3 i + 5 1 (1 5t ) 2 (5) j = R ( t ) = 2 2

= (t 2 + 4) 3 2(t 2 + 4) + 8t 2 i 5) R(t ) = e 2t i + ln tj + t 2 k

3 3 25 25 (1 5t ) 2 j = (6t 2 8)(t 2 + 4) 3 i = (1 5t ) 2 j 4 4

R (t ) = e 2t i + ln tj + t 2 k R(t ) = 2e2t i + t 1 j + 2tk t > 0 R(t ) = 4e 2t t 2 j + 2k t > 0 6) R(t ) = cos 2ti + tan tj + tk R (t ) = cos 2ti + tan tj + tk R(t ) = 2 sen 2ti + sec 2 tj + k R(t ) = 2 cos 2ti + 2sec 2t tan tj

7) R(t ) = tan 1 ti + sen1 tj + cos 1 tk

(1 t )

3 2 2

(1 t 2 ) 2
t

R(t ) = (e3t + 2)i + 2e3t j + 3 ( 2 ) k R(t ) = 3e3t i + 6e3t j + 3(ln 2)2t k

t

9) R(t ) = 5 sen 2ti sec 4tj + 4cos 2tk R(t ) = 5sen2ti sec 4tj + 4cos 2tk R(t ) = 10cos 2ti 4sec 4t tan 4tj 8sen2tk R(t ) = 20sen2ti + (16sec 4t 32sec3 4t ) j 16cos 2tk 1 10) R(t ) = tan 3ti + ln sen tj k t 1 R(t ) = tan 3ti + ln sentj t k R(t ) = 3sec2 3t + cot tj + t 2 k R(t ) =18sec2 3t tan 3ti csc2 tj 2t 3 k
Enlosejercicios11a14,obtenga Dt R ( t )

ww

w.

R(t ) = 9e3t i + 18e3t j + 3(ln 2) 2 2t k

at e

8) R(t ) = (e3t + 2)i + 2e3t j + 3 ( 2 ) k

m at ic

R =

2t i+ (1 + t 2 )2

a1

.c o

R = tan 1 ti + s e n 1 tj + cos 1 tk R =

1 1 1 i+ j k 2 1+ t 1 t2 1 t2

11) R(t ) = (t 1) i + (2 t ) j

R ( t ) = (t 1) 2 + (2 t ) 2 = 2t 2 6t + 5 Dt R ( t ) =

4t 6 2 2t 6t + 5
2

2t 3 2t 6t + 5
2

12) R (t ) = (et + 1)i + (et 1) j R ( t ) = (et + 1) 2 + (et 1) 2 = e 2 t + 2et + 1 + e 2t 2et + 1 = 2et 2 + 2 Dt R ( t ) =

1 1 2e 2 t t + 2 ) 2 ( 4e 2 t ) = ( 2

2e 2 t 2e 2 t + 2

13) R (t ) = sen 3ti + cos 3tj + 2e3t k R (t ) = sen 3ti + cos 3tj + 2e3t k R ( t ) = sen 2 3t + cos 2 3t + 4e 6 t = 1 + 4e6 t Dt R ( t ) = 12e 6t 1 + 4e 6 t

14) R (t ) = t 2 + 1i + t 2 1 j + tk Dt R ( t ) = 3 sgn (t )

.c o

R (t ) = t 2 + 1i + t 2 1 j + tk R ( t ) = t 2 + 1 + t 2 1 + t 2 = 3 t

15) R ( t ) = ( t 2 + et ) i + ( t e2t ) j; Q ( t ) = ( t 3 + 2et ) i ( 3t + e 2t ) j Dt R(t ) + Dt Q(t ) = (2t + et )i + (1 2e 2t ) j + ( 3t 2 + 2et ) i ( 3t + e2t ) j = t 2 2t = (2t + 3t + 3e )i + (2 4e ) j 16) R ( t ) = cos 2ti sen 2tj;

Dt [ R (t ) + Q(t ) ] = Dt (cos 2ti sen 2tj ) + ( sen 2ti + cos 2tj ) = (2 sen 2t + 2 sen t cos t )i + (2 cos 2t 2sen 2t ) j Dt R(t ) + Dt Q(t ) = Dt (cos 2ti sen 2tj ) + Dt ( sen 2ti + cos 2tj ) = (2 sen 2ti 2 cos 2tj ) + (2 sen t cos ti 2 sen 2t ) j = (2 sen 2t + 2 sen t cos t )i + (2 cos 2t 2 sen 2t ) j 17) R ( t ) = 2 sen ti + cos tj sen2tk ; Q ( t ) = cos ti + 2 sen tj + k

Dt [ R(t ) + Q(t ) ] = Dt [ (2s e n t + cos t ] i + (cos t + 2 sent ) j + ( s e n 2t + 1)k = (2 cos t s e n t )i + ( s e n t + 2 cos t ) j + (2 cos 2t )k Dt R(t ) + Dt Q(t ) = (2 cos ti s e n tj 2 cos 2tk ) + ( s e n ti + 2 cos tj ) = (1)

ww

w.

Q ( t ) = sen 2ti + cos 2tj

at e

Dt [ R(t ) + Q (t ) ] = Dt (t 2 + t 3 + 3et )i + (2t 2e 2t ) j = (2t + 3t 2 + 3et )i + (2 4e 2t ) j

m at ic

Enlosejercicios15a18,determine Dt [ R(t ) + Q(t ) ] paralasfuncionesvectorialesdadas.

a1

18) R ( t ) = e3t i 4e3t j 2k Q ( t ) = et i et j 2e4t k Dt ( R + Q) = Dt R + Dt Q = (3e3t + et )i + (12e3t et ) j + (8e4t )

Enlosejercicios19a22,calcule Dt [ R(t ) i Q (t ) ] paralasfuncionesvectorialesindicada.

19) R ( t ) = ( t 2 + et ) i + ( t e2t ) j; Q ( t ) = ( t 3 + 2et ) i ( 3t + e2t ) j (2t + et ) ( t 3 + 2et ) + (t 2 + et )( 3t 2 + 2et ) (1 2e2t ) (3t + e2t ) (t e2t )( 3 + 2e2t ) Dt R(t )i Q(t ) + R(t )i Dt Q(t )
= ( 2t + et ) i + (1 2e 2t ) j i ( t 3 + 2et ) i ( 3t + e 2t ) j + ( t 2 + et ) i + (1 + e2t ) j i ( t 2 + et )( 3t 2 + 2et ) (1 + e2t )( 3 + 2e 2t )

Dt [ R(t ) i Q(t )] = Dt (t 2 + et ) ( t 3 + 2et ) (t e2t )( 3t + e2t ) =

R(t )iQ(t ) = (cos 2ti sen 2tj )i( sen 2ti + cos 2tj ) = sen 2t cos t + sen 2t cos 2t Dt [ R(t )iQ(t )] = = sen 2t ( 2 sen 2ti ) + cos 2ti ( 2sen t cos ti ) sen 2t ( 2sen 2t ) + 2 cos 2t ( 2 cos 2t ) = 2 sen 2t sen 2t + 2sen 4 cos t cos 2t + 2sen 2t 2 cos 2 2t

Dt Q(t ) = Dt ( sen 2ti + cos 2tj ) = 2sent cos ti 2sen2tj R(t )i Dt Q(t ) = ( cos 2ti cos 2tj )i( 2sent cos ti 2sen 2tj ) = 2sent cos t cos 2t + 2sen 2t cos 2t

[ Dt R(t )]iQ(t ) + R(t )i[ Dt Q(t )] = 2 sen2t sen 2t 2 cos2 2t 2sent cos t cos 2t + 2 sen2 2t Dt [ R(t )iQ(t )] = [ Dt R(t )]iQ(t ) + R(t )i[ Dt Q(t )]
21)R ( t ) = 2senti + cos tj sen2tk; Q( t ) = cos ti + 2sentj + k Dt [ R(t) i Q(t)] = Dt ( 2 sent + cos t + 2sent cos t sen 2t ) = Dt sen2 t = 2cos2t RiQ + RiQ = ( 2cos ti sentj 2cos2tk )i( cos ti + 2sent ( j + k ) ) +

( 2senti + cos tj sen 2tk )i( senti + 2cos tj ) = ( 2cos 2t 2sen 2t 2cos2t ) + ( 2sen 2t + 2cos 2t ) = 2cos2t

ww

[ Dt R(t )]iQ(t ) = ( 2sen2ti 2 cos 2tj )i( sen2ti + cos 2tj ) = 2sen2tsen2t 2 cos2 2t

w.

Dt R(t ) = Dt ( cos 2ti sen2tj ) = 2sen2ti 2 cos 2tj

at e

m at ic

20) R ( t ) = cos 2ti sen2tj;

Q ( t ) = sen 2ti + cos 2tj

a1

.c o

( 3t 2 + 2et ) ( 3 2e2t ) j = ( 2t + et )( t 3 + 2et ) (1 2e2t )( 3t + e2t ) +

22) R ( t ) = e3t i 4e3t j 2k Q ( t ) = et i et j 2e 4t k Dt ( RiQ) = RiQ + RQ = 36e 4t

Enlos23y24,determine Dt ( fR ) paralasfuncionesdadas.
23) f (t ) = cos 2t

R ( t ) = 5sen2ti sec 4tj + 4 cos 2tk Dt ( fR ) = Dt 5 sen 2 t cos 2ti cos 2t sec 4 tj + cos 2 2tk =
2 2

=10 ( cos 2t sen 2t ) i + ( 2 sen 2t sec 4t 4 cos 2t sec 4t tan 4t ) j = f R + fR

24) f (t ) = et
t R(t ) = (e3t + 2)i + 2e3t j + 3 ( 2 ) k Dt [ f (t ) R(t ) ] = Dt ( e4t + 2et ) i + 2e4t j + 3(2e)t =

Enlosejercicios25y26,Determine Dt [ R (t ) Q (t ) ] paralasfuncionesvectorialesdadas.

25) R ( t ) = 2sen ti + cos tj sen2tk ;

j k i Dt [ R(t ) Q(t )] = Dt 2 sen t cos t sen 2t cos t 2 sen t 1 Dt ( cos t + 2 sen tsen 2t ) i + ( sen t sen 2t cos t ) j + ( 4sen 2 t cos 2 t ) k = = ( sen t + 4 cos 2 tsen t + 2sen 2t cos t ) i + ( 2 cos t 2 cos 2 t cos t + sen 2tsen t ) j + 10sen t cos tk sen t 2 cos 2t 2sen t 1 = ( sent + 4 cos 2tsent ) i + ( 2 cos 2t 2 cos 2t cos t ) j + 5sent cos tk j k R Dt Q = ( 2senti + cos tj sen2tk ) ( senti + 2 cos tj ) = = 2sen2t cos ti + sen2tsentj + 5sent cos t ( 2 ) + ( 3) = (1)

ww

w.

at e

Q ( t ) = cos ti + 2sen tj + k

m at ic

= (4e4t + 2et )i + 8e4t j + 3(1 + ln 2) (2e)t k

a1

f (t ) R(t ) + f (t ) R(t ) = et (e3t + 2)i + 2e3t j + 3 ( 2 ) k + e2 (4e4t + 2e2 )i + 63t j + 3(ln 2) 2t k =

.c o

= (4e4t + 2e2 )i + 8e4t j + 3(1 + ln 2) (2e)t k

i Dt R(t ) Q = ( 2 cos ti sentj 2 cos 2tk ) Q = 2 cos t cos t

26) R ( t ) = e3t i 4e3t j 2k Q ( t ) = et i et j 2e 4t k Dt ( R Q) = R Q + R Q = (56e7 t 2et )i + (14e 2t 2et ) j + 12e4t k

Enlosejercicios27y28,Calcule Dt ( F ( h ( t ) ) paralasfuncionesindicadas.
27) F ( ) = i + 2 j + ln k h ( t ) = et

F ( ) = i + 2 j + ln k h ( t ) = et Dt ( F ( h ( t ) ) = Dt ( et i + e 2t j + tk ) = et i + 2e 2t j + k F () = i + 2j + 1k F ( h ( t ) ) h(t ) = ( i + 2et j + e 1k ) et = et i + 2e 2t j + k

29)Demuestreque: Dt [ ( R (t ) + Q(t ) ] = Dt R(t ) + Dt Q(t )

= Dt {[ f1 (t ) + f 2 (t )] i + [ g1 (t ) + g 2 (t ) ] j + [ h1 (t ) + h2 (t )]} = = f1 (t ) + f 2 (t ) i + g1 (t ) + g 2 (t ) j + h1 (t ) + h2 (t ) = = f1 (t )i + g1 (t ) j + h1 (t ) + f 2 (t )i + g 2 (t ) j + h2 (t ) = Dt R(t ) + Dt Q(t )

30)Demuestreque Dt [ f (t )][( R (t )] = [ Dt f (t )]( R(t ) + f (t ) Dt ( R(t )
Dt [ fR ] = Dt [ f f1i + fg1 j + fh1k ] = ( f f1 + f f1 )i + ( f 1 + fg1 ) j + ( f 1 + fh1 ) k = g h = f ( f1i + g1 j + h1k ) + f ( f1i + g1 j + h1k ) = f + fR R

at e

Dt [ ( R(t ) + Q(t )] = Dt {( f1 (t )i + g1 (t ) j + h1 (t )k ) + [ f 2 (t )i + g 2 (t ) j + h2 (t )k ]} =

m at ic

28) F () = sen i + cos j + k h(t ) = sen1t t 1 Dt ( F (h(t )) =Dt (ti + 1 t 2 j + sen1tk ) = i j+ k 2 1 t 1 t2 1 F () = cos i sen j + k h(t ) = 2 1 t 1 1 1 F ( h(t ) ) h(t ) = ( 1 t 2 i tj + k ) j+ k =i 2 2 1 t 1 t 1 t2

a1

.c o

ww

w.

31)Demuestreque Dt R(t ) Q(t ) = R(t ) Q(t ) + R(t ) Q(t )

f Dt f1 f2 g g1 g2 g h1 f1 g h1 = Dt f 1 f2 g 2 h2 h
2

h1 h2

+h

f1 f2

g1 = g2

= Dt [ fg1h2 fg 2 h1 f1 gh2 + f1 gh2 + f 2 gh1 + f1 g 2 h f 2 g1h ] = = f g1h2 f g 2 h1 f1 gh2 + f1 gh2 + f 2 gh1 + f1 g 2 h f 2 g1h + + [ fg1h2 fg 2 h1 f1 g h2 + f1 g h2 + f 2 g h1 + f1 g 2 h f 2 g1h ] + + fg1h2 fg 2 h1 f1 gh2 + f1 gh2 + f 2 gh1 + f1 g 2 h f 2 g1h =
f g h = f1 g1 h1 + f g h 2 2 2 f f1 f2 g g1 g2 h f h1 + f1 h2 f 2 g g1 g 2 h h1 h2

32)Demuestreque Dt G (t ) = [ Dt G (t )]

d dt

= {[ D f ()] i + [ D g ()] j + [ D h()] k} Dt =

= D [ f ()i + g () j + h()k ] Dt = F ( h(t ) ) Dt

Enlosejercicios33a40,obtengalafuncinvectorialmsgeneralcuyaderivadatengael valordefuncinindicado. 1 33) tan ti j t 1 i tan t dt j dt = ( ln sec t + C1 ) j = ln sec t i ln t j + C t

34) ( t 2 9 ) i + ( 2t 5 ) j
. 1 ( t 2 9 ) i + (2t 5) j dt = t 3 9t i + (t 2 5t ) j + C 3

35) ln ti + t 2 j
1 dt 1 3t j R (t ) = i e3t dt + j = e i + ln t 1 j + C t 1 t 1 3 1 1 36) i j 2 4+t 1 t2 13 2 2 R(t ) = ln ti + t j R(t ) = i ln t dt + j t dt = (t ln t t )i + t j + C 3

R(t ) = e3t i +

ww

w.

at e

m at ic

= [ D f () Dt ] i + [ D g () Dt ] j + [ D h() Dt ] k =

a1

Dt F ( h(t ) ) = Dt [ f ()i + g () j + h()k ] = [ Dt f ()i ] + [ Dt g ()] j + [ Dt h()] k =

.c o

= h ( t ) F ( h(t ) ) = f ()i + g () j + h()k

37) e3t i + e 3t j te3t k e

3t

1 1 1 1 i + e 3t j te3t k dt = e3t i e3t j + te3t + e3t k + C 3 3 9 3

38)3t i 2t j + et k
3t 2t 3t i 2t j + et k dt = i j + et k + C ln 3 ln 2

1 39) tan ti + sec tj + k t 1 tan ti + sec tj + t k dt = ln sec tj + ln sec t + tan tj + ln t k + C

40) tsen ti t cos tj + tk u = t du = dt dv = sen ti + cos tj v = cos ti + sen tj

.c o

m
1
2

41)Si R(t ) = t 2i +
t

at e

1 j y R(3) = 2i 5 j.Calcule R ( t ) t 2
1 3

m at ic

1 = ( t cos t + sen t )i + ( t sen + cos t ) j + t 2 k + C 2

a1

[t ( sen ti + cos tj ) + tk ]dt = t ( cos ti + sen tj ) = [ cos ti + sen tj ] dt + 2 t k =

42)Si R(t ) = sen 2ti + 2 cos 2 tj y R( ) = 0.Calcule R ( t ) 1 1 R (t ) = R(t ) dt = i sen 2t dt + j 2 cos 2t dt = (2t sen 2t )i + (2t + sen 2t ) j + C 4 2 1 1 R ( ) = 0 0 = i + j + C C = i j 2 2 1 1 1 R (t ) = t sen 2t i + t + sen 2t j 2 2 2

43)Si R(t ) = et sen ti + cos tj et k y R(0) = i j + k .Calcule R ( t ) R (0) + R(t )dt = (i j + k ) + ( et sen tj + cos tj et k ) dt =
t t 0 0

ww

1 = t 3 7 i + (ln t 2 5) j 3

w.

2 R (3) + R(t )dt = (2i 5 j ) + (t i + 3

1 1 j )dt = (2i 5 j ) + t 3i + ln t 2 t2 3

j = 3

1 1 = (i j + k ) + 2 sen (t )i + sen tj et k = 4 2 0 3 1 t t = e ( sen t cos t ) + i + ( sen t 1) j + (2 e )k 2 2

44)Si R(t ) = 1 t i tan tj + 2 k y R (0) = 4i 3 j + 5 j.Calcule R ( t ) t +1 t 1 t t 1 t R (t ) = R (0) + R(t ) dt = R (0) + i tan tj + 2 dt = 0 0 t +1 t 1
t

1 = (4i 3 j + 5k ) + ln t + 1 + ln cos t + ln t 2 1 = 2 0 1 = ( ln t + 1 + 4 ) i + ( ln cos t 3) j + ln t 2 1 + 5 k 2

45) R(t ) = cos ti + sen tj

46) R (t ) = cosh ti sen h tj R (t ) = cos h ti sen h tj R(t ) = sen h ti cos h tj R x = cos h t y = sen h t x 2 y 2 = cos h 2 t sen h 2 t = 1 x > 1 R (t )i R(t ) = 2 cos h tsen h t = sen h 2t

at e

R(t ) = sen ti + cos tj R x = sen t y = cos t x 2 + y 2 = sen 2t + cos 2 t = 1 R (t )i R(t ) = cos tsen t + sen t cos t = 0

m at ic

interpreteelresultadogeomtricamente.

a1
6t 2

Enlosejercicios45y46a)Obtengaunaecuacincartesianadelacurvadescritaporel punto terminal de la representacin de posicin de R(t ) b) Calcule R (t )i R(t ) e

.c o

m
=

Enlosejercicios47y48.Si ( t ) eslamedidaenradianesdelnguloentre R ( t ) y Q ( t ) , calcule Dt ( t ) .

47) R ( t ) = 3e2t i 4e2t j y Q(t ) = 6e3t j R ( t ) = 3e2t i 4e2t j = e2t ( 3i 4 j ) Q(t ) = 6e3t j
48) R(t ) = 2ti + (t 2 1) j Q(t ) = 3ti cos (t ) = R(t )iQ(t ) = R(t ) Q(t ) 6t 2

ww

w.

( 2t ) + ( t
2

1)

( 3t )

=
2

(t 2 + 1) 2 3t

2t t2 +1

 (t ) = cos 1

2t t Dt t = t +1 t
2

(t ) =

1 2t 1 2 t +1
2

(t 2 + 1)

2t 2 t (2t ) t (t 2 + 1) 2t (t 2 1) = = 2 t (t 2 + 1) 2 (t 2 + 1) 2 2 ( t 1)

2t (t 2 1) 2t sgn t (t 2 1) = 2 2 2 t t 1 (t + 1) t + 1

Enlosejercicios49a52calculelalongitudexactadelarcodesde t1 hasta t2 delacurva quetienelaecuacinvectorialdada.

49) R (t ) = (t + 1)i t 2 j + (1 2t ) k t1 = 1 t2 = 2

a1

.c o

R (t ) = (t + 1)i t 2 j + (1 2t ) k R(t ) = i 2tj 2k = 1 + 4t 2 + 4 = 5 + 4t 2 L = Dt R (t ) dt =

1 2 2 1

ww

50) R (t ) = sen 2ti + cos 2tj + 2t 2 k t1 = 0 t2 = 1 R (t ) = sen 2ti + cos 2tj + 2t k R(t ) = 2 cos 2 ti 2 sen 2tj + 3t 2 k =
3 3 2 12 (13 2 8) = 4 cos 2t + 4 sen 2t + 9t = 4 + 9t L = (4 + 9t ) dt = (4 + 9t ) 2 = 0 53 0 27 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1

51) R (t ) = 4t i 3sen tj + 3cos k t1 = 0 t2 = 2 R (t ) = 4t i 3 sen tj + 3cos k R(t ) = 6t i 3cos tj 3 sen tk =

3 12 1 = 36t + 9 cos t + 9 sen t = 3 4t + 1 L = 3(4t + 1) dt = 3 (4t + 1) 2 = (27 1) = 13 0 43 0 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
3 2

3 2

w.

at e

5 5 5 1 5 5 5 1 + + ln 1 + 1 + = 2 4 + + ln 2 + 5 + 2 4 8 4 2 4 8 4 5 1 3 5 3 5 1 21 + ln = 21 + + ln 4 + 21 = 21 + ln 2 + 4 2 2 4 2 4 2

m at ic

5 + 4t dt = 2
2

t 5 5 5 5 t + dt = 2 t 2 + + ln t + t 2 + = 4 4 2 4 1 2
2

1 2

 1 1 52) R ( t ) = t 2i + t + t 3 j + t t 3 k t1 = 0 t2 = 1 3 3 R(t ) = 2ti + (1 + t 2 ) j + (1 t 2 )k R(t ) = 4t 2 + (1 + 2t 2 + t 4 ) + (1 2t 2 + t 4 ) = = 2 + 4t 2 + 2t 4 = 2(1 + 2t 2 + t 4 ) = 2 (1 + t 2 ) L=

1 0

4 1 2(1 + t )dt = 2 t + t 3 = 2 3 0 3
2

En los ejercicios 53 a 56, obtenga un valor aproximado, con cuatros dgitos significativos,delalongituddearcode t1 a t2 delacurvaquetienelaecuacinvectorial indicada. 53)Lacbicaalabeada

54) R(t ) = et i + et j + ln tk t1 = 1 t2 = 2 L = R(t ) dt =

1 2 2

R(t ) = et i + et j + ln tk R(t ) = et i + et j + t 1k
1

2e 2t + t 2 dt = 6.6510 6.651

R(t ) = cos ti + sentj + t 3 k R(t ) = sen ti + cos tj + 3t 2 k L = R dt =

1 1 1 1

1 + 9t 4 dt = 3.0957 3096
1

56) R(t ) = sen 2ti + cos 2tj + t 2 k t1 = 0 t2 = 4 1 1 1 1 R(t ) = 2 cos 2ti 2sen 2tj + t 2 k R(t ) = 4 cos 2 2t + 2 sen 2 2t + = 4 + 4t 4t 2 L=
4 t =0 2 2 1 1 4 + dt = 4 + 2 (2u du ) = 16u 2 + 1 du = 8.4093 8.409 u =0 0 4 4u

ww

w.

55) R(t ) = cos ti + sen tj + t 3 k t1 = 1 t2 = 1

at e

m at ic

L = R(t ) dt =
0

1 + 4t 2 + 9t 4 dt = 9.57057 9.571

a1

R(t ) = ti + t 2 j + t 3k R(t ) = j + 2tj + 3t 2 k

.c o

R(t ) = ti + t 2 j + t 3k t1 = 0 t2 = 2

65 +

1 ln 129 + 16 65 16

57)SupongaqueRyRsonfuncionesvectorialesdefinidasenunintervaloyqueRes diferenciable en el intervalo. Demuestre que Dt [ R(t )i R(t )] = R(t ) + R(t )i R(t )
2

Dt [ R(t )i R(t )] = R(t )i R(t ) + R(t )i R(t ) = R(t )i R(t ) + R(t )

2

58)SI R(t ) = h(t ), demuestreque R(t )i R(t ) = [ h(t )][ h(t )]

R(t )i R(t ) = R(t ) = h2 (t ) R(t )i R(t ) + R(t )i R(t ) = 2h(t )h(t ) R(t )i R(t ) = h(t )h(t )
2

ww

entonces [ Af (t ) + Bg (t ) ] dt = A

w.

60) Demuestre que si A y B son vectores constantes y f y g son funciones integrales,

at

em

R(t ) f (t ) R(t ) f (t ) R(t ) 1 2 1 Dt = Dt f (t ) R(t ) = f (t ) f (t ) R(t ) + f (t ) R(t ) = 2 f (t ) [ f (t )]

at

ic

R(t ) f (t ) R(t ) f (t ) R(t ) Dt = = 2 f (t ) [ f (t )]

a1

.c om

59) Si la funcin vectorial R y la funcin real f son diferenciables en un intervalo y R f (t ) 0 en el intervalo, demuestre que es tambin diferenciable en el intervalo y f

f (t ) dt + B g (t ) dt

Sugerencia:ExpreseAyBentrminosdei,jyk.

A = a1i + a2 j + a3k B = b1i + b2 j + b3k

[ Af (t ) + Bg (t )]dt = [(a i + a j + a k ) f (t ) + (b i + b j + b k ) g (t )]dt = = ( a f (t ) + b g (t ) ) i + (a f (t ) + b g (t )) j + a f (t ) + b g (t )k dt = = i [ a f (t ) + b g (t )]dt + j [ a f (t ) + b g (t )]dt + k [ a f (t ) + b g (t )]dt = = i a f (t )dt + b g (t )dt + j a f (t )dt + b g (t )dt + k a f (t )dt + b g (t )dt = = (a i + a j + a k ) f (t )dt + (b i + b j + b k ) g (t )dt = A f (t )dt + B g (t )dt
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3