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EENG 3106 Electronic Circuit Analysis I Op Amps, Part II (Non-ideal Characteristics of Operational Amplifiers)

David M. Beams University of Texas at Tyler September 25, 2002 Revised September 24, 2003 Revised September 27, 2004 Procedure: 1. Use the Project TUGBOAT (Texas Undergraduate Basic Op Amp Tester) hardware and virtualinstrument software to measure the input-offset voltage, input-bias currents, open-loop dc voltage gain, and ac open-loop voltage gains at 1 kHz and 10 kHz for one of each of the following op amp types: LM741, LM324 and TL084. The LM324 and TL084 amplifiers are quads (four amplifiers in one IC package); the Project TUGBOAT tester measures the electrical parameters of only the first amplifier. Construct the high-gain dc-coupled amplifier circuit of Fig. 1. Measure the dc output offset voltage for each of the operational amplifiers with the jumper wire in place. Remove the jumper wire; re-measure the dc output offset. Use a 10K resistor for types LM324 and LM741; use a 1M resistor for the TL084.

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Jumper wire

100 See text 100 + 56K 0.01F Vo

Fig. 1. High-gain dc-coupled amplifier for use in part (2). Measurements of the dc output-offset voltage of this circuit will be used to determine the input-offset voltage VIO and the input-bias current of the noninverting input IIB+. 3. Construct the integrator of Fig. 2. Remove the short-circuit from the capacitor at time t=0 and measure the length of time required for the integrator output voltage to reach 2.0V for each op amp. (The direction in which the integrator voltage drifts will be determined by the direction of the input-bias currents).

EENG 3106 Op Amps Part II.doc 1

Jumper wire

C
+ 4.

Vo

Fig. 2. Integrator circuit for measurement of input-bias current of the inverting input IIB . Use 1F for type LM741 and LM324 operational amplifiers; use 1000 pF for TL084 devices. Construct the ac-coupled amplifier of Fig. 3. Determine the closed-loop corner frequency of the accoupled amplifier for each of the op amps measured in part (1). You may verify your measurement with the Project TUNA (Texas Universal Network Analyzer) hardware and virtual-instrument software.

1F + -

5.6K + 100 56K Vo

100

Fig. 3. AC-coupled noninverting amplifier. 5. Connect each operational amplifier as a voltage follower driving a 2K load resistance. Apply a 1Vpp square wave and measure the positive-going and negative-going slew rates.

Report Requirements This laboratory procedure requires a formal, written laboratory report. Special instructions are presented below for certain sections of the reports. Theoretical Background: 1. 2. 3. Develop the relationship of the output voltage of the circuit of Fig. 1 to both the input-offset voltage and the input-bias current of the noninverting input. Develop the relationship of output voltage vs. time and the input-bias current of the inverting input for the integrator of Fig. 2. Develop the relationship of closed-loop gain vs. frequency and the gain-bandwidth product of the amplifier of Fig. 3. (Consider the closed-loop gain to be the ratio of the output voltage to the voltage at the noninverting input).

EENG 3106 Op Amps Part II.doc 2

Results: 1. Compute for each op amp the input-offset voltages from your measured output-offset voltages with the jumper wire in place in part (2). Compare these with the input-offset voltages determined by the TUGBOAT instrument and with values from the op amps datasheets. Compute for each op amp the input-bias currents of the noninverting inputs from the change in dc output offset voltages recorded in part (2). Compare these with the input-bias currents determined by the TUGBOAT instrument and with values from the op amps datasheets. Compute for each op amp the input-bias currents of the inverting input from the integrator drifts measured in part (3). Compare these with the input-bias currents determined by the TUGBOAT instrument and with values from the op amps datasheets. Compute the expected corner frequencies of the ac-coupled amplifier from the measured gainbandwidth product determined by the tester in part (4). Compare these with the measured corner frequencies. Compare the measured gain-bandwidth product with values from the op amps datasheets. Compute the measured slew rates to values from the op amps datasheets and compute the full-power bandwidths of each operational amplifier based upon the measured slew rates.

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Discussion: Be certain to note discrepancies between the measured values of input-offset voltages, input-bias currents, gain-bandwidth products, and slew rates and datasheet values. Extra credit opportunity: Add an A ppendix to your report explaining the operation of the Project TUGBOAT tester. This will be worth up to 30 additional technical points.

EENG 3106 Op Amps Part II.doc 3

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