HS3418 : Health Promotion & Education for Health Professionals

Assessment 2 : Individual Essay , Health Promotion Program Plan

Done By : Name: Dk Hjh Fatin Farhana Pg Hj Metassan Registration Number : 09B4065 Faculty Of Business, Economics & Policy Studies

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................3 PURPOSE.........................................................................................3 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES.....................................................................3 BACKGROUND..................................................................................4 THE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM PLAN.........................................4 ASSESS...............................................................................................................5 PLAN..................................................................................................................6 What?.........................................................................................................6 Who?.......................................................................................................... 6 Gathering Community Input for Health Education / Promotion....................8 IMPLEMENT...........................................................................................................9 EVALUATE..........................................................................................................12 Delivery....................................................................................................12 Outcomes.................................................................................................12 Evaluation Methods..................................................................................13 CONCLUSION..................................................................................14 REFERENCE:...................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health ( World Health Organisation) Health promotion is more than just promoting good health behavior. It is also about enabling, advocating and mediating change to the social, cultural, economic and environmental factors that effect individual and community health. Health promotion is the process of empowering to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivation them to become better self-managers. To achieve this, health promotion strategies focus on patient education, counseling and support tools. Health promotion also includes actions that help and up-skill people to control their health. Examples of health promotion strategies in primary practice include education and counseling programs that promote physical activity, improve nutrition or reduce the use of tobacco, alcohol or drugs. PURPOSE This report is design to show on how the health promotion program is plan step by step. It uses different approach theory to tackle the surroundings. This program is planning to gather organizations to work together hand in hand to combat the disease. The program will provide health information to educate the public and prevention to avoid the disease. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES The goal of this health promotion program is to increase awareness and understanding of

hand, mouth and foot diseases. The objective of this health promotion program is to develop and disseminate based public health and patient education information tailored to the needs of the community. The community needs to know how to keep their surroundings or environment clean.

BACKGROUND Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is under control and is monitored from time to time. According to the minister, a majority of the 73 HFMD cases reported occurred on children aged 5 years old and below. The highest number of cases was reported in BruneiMuara distrct, followed by Belait district and Tutong district. There was no report of HFMD in Temburong district. Due to the cases, the Ministry of Health with other organizations collaborate to overcome the problem. The organisations work hand in hand to handle the cases. With that, were trying to establish a health promotion program to educate the public on the Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. As the disease at the worrying stage , the public especially the parents and guardians should always take care of the cleanliness especially at home and school area. THE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM PLAN Before starting the Health Promotion Program Plan, there are steps to achieve the goals. Health promotion projects can be done in many different ways however there are a number of basic steps common to all programs. These steps are assess, plan and develop, implement and evaluate. In this program, one chose the diffusion of innovations theory to runs the program. Its a process whereby new health practices are introduced or spread or diffused to an audience or population.

ASSESS A good place to start is by talking to the community to find out their health needs and concern, as well as what is important and of most benefit to them. This should make the planning and development stage easier. The organizations should ; Become familiar with where community members live and work. Gather information regarding the population Recognize that there are formal and informal leaders and identify who they are. Understand the culture and the diversity of the community that is ; knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Know the history of the community and its members Does the community want a program?

It is also important to assess potential obstacles to the effectiveness of health education and promotion programs designed for specific communities. One of the obstacle identifies is the limited availability of financial and human resources. The list below includes additional critical success factors for reaching the community. 1) Trust. The people and organisations involved in the program should have established relationships with the community. The person delivering the health message should be familiar to and respected by the community. 2) Ownership. Community members must be included in planning, implementing and evaluating the program that is designed to address their needs. 3) Culture. It is important to be aware of the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values of the community. 4) Message. The health message must be appropriate for the community. Health

messages should be culturally sensitive, and the community should be able to understand all terms used.
5) Access. Services should be accessible by the community. They should be available

on the days and during the times that are convenient for the community. If necessary, daycare and transportation should be provided. 6) Resources. Ample staff, materials and other resources should be provided to ensure continuous responsive service to and within the community.

The intervention of the community helps the organizer to runs the program smoothly. They would know what the community needs. Feedbacks and suggestions play a main role for success. PLAN Once one have worked out the communitys need, one can start planning the project. In a nutshell, this means working out the who, what, when, where , why and how of the project. WHAT? What is that one and the community want to do? A good place to start is deciding the goal of the project and then giving the project a name. Once one have an idea of what one want to achieve and how one want to do this, one can then start planning all of other aspects. As one chose to make a Health Promotion Program on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease, one will make others aware and to raise up the disease. One try to make strategy on how to prevent others from getting the diseases. WHO? Although a project is usually run by a team, there are a number of other people who are

either involved or connected, including external players and one target audience. In one planning, one might want to think about;

Who the program is for? Who is going to run it? If one can do it on their own? If one need help? Who can help him?

It is better to involve the community at all times where possible as they are the ones who the program is going to affect. It might also be useful to include people with different skill sets on ones team that way one can delegate tasks and know that they will be done well. One could consider forming:

Partnerships; with individuals , groups or organisations such as government departments and agencies, community groups and non government organisations.

Network links with others who can offer feedback and guidance A working or reference group ; community and agency members involved through regular meetings

In planning the project, it might help to ask ourselves questions such as: 1) What/who are we going to address? 2) What do we want to do? 3) How do we want to do it?
4) What do we see as the end result?

To make this program a successful event, a collaboration with strategic partners is very useful. As a group of creating a healthy surrounding, one might collaborate with the

Ministry of Health, Municipal Board, Ministry of Education for the selected schools, the School itself, the parents, the community in the village or district. With this collaboration, it hopes to work hand in hand to achieve the goals. The team have to understand the community itself, the language, the tradition and culture so that can make ease during the program. With the understanding of the community in different areas, it will leads to a better chemistry for the program. The commitment of the community could helps the program works even better because the team would know what are the expectation of the community. The team would prepare what the community wants and needs. In this program, its main focus is the school children , the parents and school population. This is to raise awareness of the Hand, Foot and Mouth disease that affects the children especially below 5. Therefore the school and the parents need to take an action to keep the school, home and the environment a better place for the kids. GATHERING COMMUNITY INPUT FOR HEALTH EDUCATION / PROMOTION There are needs of gathering information from the community. There are a number of ways to do this, including interviews, focus groups, surveys, questionnaires and clinic records. Itll make the process more manageable if one choose a method of research or information collection that one are comfortable and confident with and that one think will get the best data. When choosing a research method, one also need to think about whether it will be acceptable to the participants, culturally safe and something they are comfortable with. And when doing research, there are some rules of engagement to consider such as; get written consent from the participant, be respectful, be culturally sensitive and safe, respect people right to privacy and listen to the community (participatory approach). It might also help in planning and development if one find our about programs similar to be the one want to do and learn from the experiences of the program team. Ways to do this include: Talk with friends, colleagues and patients - they might know of existing programs one can look at
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Using library resources such as newspaper archives, notice boards and the internet Internet searches Talk with the people involved in other projects that could help in the project.

IMPLEMENT Resources are critical to running a program. Once one have an idea of what one want to do and achieve, and who one want to work for and with, it might then help to map out the resources one have and need. The resources one need might be influenced by the nature of the community one are working with. Therefore it might be useful to start one resource mapping by talking to the community to find out about Their needs ; what resources will help you cater to these? Their abilities ; what resources are best suited to these? The suitability of the program to the community ; what might one need to make it work? It might also be helpful to remember that resources can also be human. In planning, take some time to think about things such as:

The educational abilities of the audience as this might shape the way one deliver during the program

Whether there are any cultural security issues? Ask community members what is appropriate

What resources does the community have that could be used? This could include people, skills, tools and facilities

Effective health promotion uses different delivery methods to help reach a wider audience. This will also influence the resources that one need. It might help to ask the community
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what ways they would like the program delivered or activities they would like to do. Suggestions include booklets and brochures, games, videos, talks or classes and others. Resource mapping is a good way to set out what one need, what one need it for, and can help one think about how and where one will get the resources. One could use a map such as the following: Staff: What staff do one need? What roles and skills? How will one find them? Are there community people available? Space: Where will one run the program? What kind of place does one need? What is available? What does the community have? Time: How long do one need? When will one start and finish?

Resources: What do one need? Funding? Materials? Do one need transport? Budget:

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How much will it cost? How much money do one have? Where can one get funding? Does community have funds? Can they contribute in kind? Risk: Do one have enough resources? Do one need to modify goals? Do one need to find more resources? What could go wrong? The team needs to have all sorts of questions in their mind so that if something happen in the middle of the program, there might have a contingency plan. They need to make sure the resources are enough to handle the program. For example , the staff for the program , the organizer have to allocate the tasks from PA system to logistics to refreshments to invitations of the guests and others. He must make sure its enough so that the programs will goes smoothly. The organizer also has to prepare a budget for the event. Its one of the most important in doing an event. With this, the event could not run. Therefore he must prepare either doing it internally or external. The location also has to be convenient for all the guests. As for this program, a school which are for both parents and the teachers. As for when to do the program, the organizer might chose during school days. Selection of time is also crucial. One might chose the whole day for exhibition while the program for the activities at morning session for about 1 to 2 hours. In terms of location, the transportation of the community also need to be consider. For example, prepare a bus for the community to go to the school especially to those who didnt have transport. A possible risks need to be acknowledge at early stages. This helps to prepare what might

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happen during the event. This acts as the contingency plan. Not to forget, through mass media such as the internet, newspaper, television to diffuse regarding the event. Mass media plays a role to inform others when, where and what are the program.

EVALUATE DELIVERY Delivery evaluations are conducted at regular intervals during the project to make sure it is on track. By doing this one can find out whats working , what isnt and come up with ways to get back on track. This type of evaluation involves looking at the project at different stages to see if it is going as planned or if changes are needed. This can involve: Asking stakeholders what is or isnt working Asking them if they see progress toward the goals Find out what is and isnt happening; strategies Use the information to see if one are on track or if change is needed Implement changes

The information gathers should give one a clear picture of how the project is progressing. To make the event more effective, the organizer has to ask the community what they wants. As for the children, its better to use videos and activities as they might enjoy it that way. For example while teaching them on how to clean their hands properly and to keep their surrounding clean. There are ways to make the deliver livelier for all.

OUTCOMES

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The outcome evaluation is done at the end of the project. This will tell one if one met their goals, what worked and what didnt. This information and key learning can then be used for future project planning. Doing an outcome evaluation is useful because it will help one to work out if the project has succeeded or failed, and understand the reasons why. If one have received external funding for the project, an outcome evaluation might be required as part of the funding agreement. An outcomes evaluation might prove to be a valuable learning experience that will help one develop and run future projects. The evaluation might involve some of the following :

Gathering participating feedback; did the program change a lot, a little or nothing? Finding out what short and long term changes the program made Finding out what did or didnt work in the program Finding out what people liked and disliked about the program Feedback findings to all stakeholders Finalize reporting to external organizations if necessary

The outcomes play a main role to make a better plan the other time. They need to review all the mistakes and make it better to held a new plan. For a better plan, they might do reports ; from an initial to progress and lastly to the final report after they have done the report. EVALUATION METHODS There are a number of ways one can do an evaluation. The main methods include using ;
1) Questionnaires

2) Focus groups 3) Interviews

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4) Informal discussions
5) Written observations

With these evaluation methods, one could improve the program in the future. For example by creating more activities to be more lively especially with the setting of school children with the parents. Other than the program, with the help of the strategic partners, they could collaborate and introduce the awareness of the disease to the public. By the spread of the media, the organizer could start making videos on how to prevent it. Its in a worrying state if the community didnt take care of their cleanliness. CONCLUSION Health promotion activities can take many forms to get the message out. Some might involve active and interactive forms, such as performance or music, however the most common form are materials such as pamphlets, posters and brochures. The main function of health promotion materials is to sell a program and its key message. Effective health promotion materials dont need to be expensive and making them ourselves could be a way of involving the community and giving them ownership of the program. The health promotion campaign might also include individual and community education. To be effective and have maximum impact, the education programs should be tailored to the needs and abilities of the target audience.

REFERENCE:

www.healthpromotion.org.au www.healthway.wa.gov.au

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http://www.bt.com.bn/legco/2012/03/17/hfmd-brunei-under-control , HFMD in Brunei is under control. Published on 17th March 2012.

http://www.moh.gov.bn/highlights/hfmd2006.htm Introduction to Health Promotion Program Planning from The Health Communication Unit at the Centre for Health Promotion University of Toronto.

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