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  • Electron Configuration and Periodicity: Dr. Roto

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    Meylita Eva Ghina
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    Electron configuration is the shorthand representation of the occupancy of the energy levels (shells and subshells) of an atom by electrons. As nuclear charge increases, number of electrons increase; however, the nucleus acts as a unit charge while the electrons act independently, decreasing size. Each additional electron "shell" shields the outer electrons from the nuclear charge.

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    4.Periodicity

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    Electron configuration is the shorthand representation of the occupancy of the energy levels (shells and subshells) of an atom by electrons. As nuclear charge increases, number of electrons increase; however, the nucleus acts as a unit charge while the electrons act independently, decreasing size. Each additional electron "shell" shields the outer electrons from the nuclear charge.

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    18 views38 pages

    Electron Configuration and Periodicity: Dr. Roto

    Uploaded by

    Meylita Eva Ghina
    Electron configuration is the shorthand representation of the occupancy of the energy levels (shells and subshells) of an atom by electrons. As nuclear charge increases, number of electrons increase; however, the nucleus acts as a unit charge while the electrons act independently, decreasing size. Each additional electron "shell" shields the outer electrons from the nuclear charge.

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    of 38

    Chapter 8

    Electron Configuration and Periodicity

    Dr. Roto

    Orbitals
    region of probability of finding an electron around the nucleus 4 types => s p d f maximum of 2 electrons per orbital

    Dr. Roto

    Pure Atomic Orbitals


    s p d f shape # of orbitals / energy level spherical 1 dumbbell 3 complex 5 very complex 7

    Dr. Roto

    Pauli Exclusion Principle

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configurations
    The shorthand representation of the occupancy of the energy levels (shells and subshells) of an atom by electrons.

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    shells subshells => => energy levels orbitals

    Dr. Roto

    Dr. Roto

    Regions by Electron Type

    Dr. Roto

    Electron Filling Order Diagram


    1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p

    3d 4d 4f 5d 5f 6d
    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    H atom 1 electron 1s1

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    He atom 2 electrons 1s2

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    Li atom 3 electrons 1s2, 2s1

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    Cl atom 17 electrons 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    As atom 33 electons 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p3 or [Ar] 4s2, 3d10, 4p3

    Dr. Roto

    Mn: [Ar]4s2 3d? How many d electrons does Mn have? 4, 5, 6

    Dr. Roto

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    negative ions add electron(s), 1 electron for each negative charge

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    S-2 ion (16 + 2)electrons 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    positive ions remove electron(s), 1 electron for each positive charge

    Dr. Roto

    Electronic Configuration
    Mg+2 ion (12-2)electrons 1s2, 2s2, 2p6

    Dr. Roto

    How many valence electrons are in Cl, [Ne]3s2 3p5? 2, 5, 7

    Dr. Roto

    For Cl to achieve a noble gas configuration, it is more likely that electrons would be added electrons would be removed

    Dr. Roto

    Dr. Roto

    Trends in the Periodic Table


    atomic radius ionic radius ionization energy electron affinity

    Dr. Roto

    Atomic Radius
    decrease left to right across a period
    as nuclear charge increases, number of electrons increase; however, the nucleus acts as a unit charge while the electrons act independently, pulling electrons towards the nucleus, decreasing size

    Dr. Roto

    Atomic Radius
    increase top to bottom down a group
    each additional electron shell shields the outer electrons from the nuclear charge

    Zeff = Z - S where Zeff => effective nuclear charge Z => nuclear charge, atomic number S => shielding constant
    Dr. Roto

    Atomic Radius
    increases from upper right corner to the lower left corner

    Dr. Roto

    Atomic Radius vs. Atomic Number

    Dr. Roto

    Atomic Radius

    Dr. Roto

    Ionic Radius
    same trends as for atomic radius positive ions smaller than atom negative ions larger than atom

    Dr. Roto

    Ionic Radius
    Isoelectronic Series series of negative ions, noble gas atom, and positive ions with the same electronic confiuration size decreases as positive charge of the nucleus increases

    Dr. Roto

    Ge is a semiconductor. If half of the Ge atoms of a sample of Ge are replaced with Ga atoms, with what element should the other half of the Ga atoms be replaced in order for this new compound to be isoelectronic with Ge? Sn, As, Se
    Dr. Roto

    Ionization Energy
    energy necessary to remove an electron to form a positive ion low value for metals, electrons easily removed high value for non-metals, electrons difficult to remove increases from lower left corner of periodic table to the upper right corner
    Dr. Roto

    Ionization Energies
    first ionization energy energy to remove first electron from an atom second ionization energy energy to remove second electron from a +1 ion etc.
    Dr. Roto

    Ionization Energy vs. Atomic Number

    Dr. Roto

    Electron Affinity
    energy released when an electron is added to an atom same trends as ionization energy, increases from lower left corner to the upper right corner metals have low EA nonmetals have high EA
    Dr. Roto

    Magnetism
    Result of the spin of electrons diamagnetism - no unpaired electrons paramagnetism - one or more unpaired electrons ferromagentism - case of paramagnetism where the substance retains its magnetism

    Dr. Roto

    Magnetism

    Without applied field

    Without applied field

    With applied field

    With applied field

    Paramagnetism
    Dr. Roto

    Ferromagnetism

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