Huawei Certification HCDA Lab Guide v1.5

HCDA-HNTD
Huawei Certification
HCDA-HNTD
Huawei Networking Technology and Device Lab Guide
Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Certification HCDA-HNTD Huawei Networking Technology and Device Lab Guide
Jan 2012 v1.5
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Huawei Certification System

Relaying on its strong technical and professional training system, according to different customers at different levels of ICT technology, Huawei certification is committed to provide customs with authentic, professional certification. Based on characteristics of ICT technologies and customersneeds at different levels, Huawei certification provides customers with certification system of four levels. HCDA (Huawei Certification Datacom Associate) is primary for IP network maintenance engineers, and any others who want to learn the IP network knowledge. HCDA certification covers the TCP/IP basics, routing, switching and other common foundational knowledge of IP networks, together with Huawei communications products, versatile routing platform VRP characteristics and basic maintenance. HCDP (Huawei Certification Datacom Professional-Enterprise) is aimed at enterprise-class network maintenance engineers, network design engineers, and any others who want to in depth grasp routing, switching, network adjustment and optimization technologies. HCDP-Enterprise is consist of IESN (Implement Enterprise Switch Network), IERN (Implement Enterprise Routing Network), and IENP (Improving Enterprise Network performance), which includes advanced IPv4 routing and switching technology principle, IP technology of network security, high availability and Qos, as well as the implementation in Huawei products. HCIE (Huawei Certified Internetwork Expert) is designed to endue engineers with a variety of IP network technology and proficiency in maintenance, diagnostics and troubleshooting of Huawei products, which equips the engineers with competence in planning, design and optimization of large-scale IP network.
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Referenced icon
Router
L3 Switch
L2 Switch
Firewall
Net cloud
Ethernet line
Serial line
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Lab environment specification

The Lab environment is suggested below:
Identifier R1 R2 R3 S1 S2 S3 S4 FW
Device AR 2220 AR 2220 AR 2220 S5700-28C-EI-24S S5700-28C-EI-24S S3700-28TP-EI-AC S3700-28TP-EI-AC Eudemon 200E-X2
OS version Version 5.90 ( V200R001C01SPC300) Version 5.90 ( V200R001C01SPC300) Version 5.90 ( V200R001C01SPC300) Version 5.70 (V100R006C00SPC800) Version 5.70 (V100R006C00SPC800) Version 5.70 (V100R006C00SPC800) Version 5.70 (V100R006C00SPC800) Version 5.30 (V100R005C00SPC100)
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform ............................................................................................... 1 Lab 1-1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform ............................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes .................................................................................. 23 Lab 2-1 Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes .................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3 RIP Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 41 Lab 3-1 Configuring RIPv1 and RIPv2 ............................................................................................................ 41 Lab 3-2 RIPv2 Route Aggregation and Authentication .................................................................................. 58 Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 74 Lab 4-1 OSPF Single-area Configuration ....................................................................................................... 74 Lab 4-2 OSPF Multi-area and Authentication Configuration ......................................................................... 89 Chapter 5 RIP and OSPF Route Import ............................................................................................................ 103 Lab 5-1 RIP and OSPF Route Import ........................................................................................................... 103 Chapter 6 Ethernet and STP ........................................................................................................................... 114 Lab 6-1 Ethernet Interface and Link Configuration ..................................................................................... 114 Lab 6-2 STP Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 122 Lab 6-3 VLAN Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 134 Chapter 7 Layer3 Configuration and VRRP ...................................................................................................... 146 Lab 7-1 Configuring Layer 3 Switching ........................................................................................................ 146 Lab 7-2 Configuring the VRRP .................................................................................................................... 160 Chapter 8 WAN Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 176 Lab 8-1 HDLC and PPP Configuration.......................................................................................................... 176 Lab 8-2 FR Configuration (Back to Back) ..................................................................................................... 192
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Lab 8-3 FR Configuration (Using FR Switch) ................................................................................................ 213 Chapter 9 Firewall Configuration .................................................................................................................... 230 Lab 9-1 Eudemon Firewall Configuration ................................................................................................... 230 Lab 9-2 Packet Filtering Configuration ....................................................................................................... 245 Lab 9-3 Eudemon Firewall Zone Configuration ........................................................................................... 260 Lab 9-4 NAT Configuration on the Eudemon Firewall ................................................................................. 277 Chapter 10 Comprehensive Exercise .............................................................................................................. 290 Lab 10-1 Comprehensive Exercise .............................................................................................................. 290
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Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Lab 1-1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand how to perform the following operations: Configure the connection from a personal computer (PC) to a
router using the Windows built-in terminal software. Configure a device name, time, and time zone. Configure the value for Console port idle timeout. Configure the login information. Configure the login password and super password. Save and delete a configuration file. Configure IP addresses for router interfaces. Test the connectivity between two routers that are connected
directly. Control a router after using Telnet to another router. Copy configuration files from one router to another using File
Transfer Protocol (FTP). Restart a router.
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Topology
Figure 1.1 Lab topology of the basic operations on the VRP platform
Scenario
A company purchases two AR G3 routers. You need to commission the two AR G3 routers before using them. Items to be commissioned include configuration modes, device names, time, passwords, file management, and restart operations.
Tasks Step 1 Connect devices.
This step describes how to connect to a router using the Windows XP built-in HyperTerminal. Connect a PC to a router using a console cable. Run a terminal emulation program such as Windows XP HyperTerminal on the PC to create a connection, as shown in Figure 3.1. The name and icon provided in the figure are only examples.Creating a connection
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Select a COM port.Selecting a COM port
If the PC has multiple COM ports, select a proper one. The serial port of a PC is usually COM1.Setting port communication parameters
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In the COM1 Properties dialog box, click Restore Defaults to retain the default settings. Click OK. Turn on the power switch to start the router. If the preceding parameters are set properly, the terminal window displays the startup information until the startup process is complete, and the system asks you to press Enter. If the command prompt, such as <Huawei>, is displayed on the user interface, you have successfully entered the user view configuration environment.
Step 2
View the system information.
Run the display version command to view the software version and hardware information for the system.
<R1>display version Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software VRP (R) software, Version 5.90 (AR2200 V200R001C01SPC300) Copyright (C) 2011 HUAWEI TECH CO., LTD Huawei AR2220 Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 2 minutes BKP 0 version information:
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The command output includes the VRP operating system version, device model, and startup time.
Step 3
Change the system time parameter.
The system automatically saves the time. If the time is incorrect, run the clock datetime command in the user view to change the system time.
<Huawei>clock datetime 12:00:00 2011-09-15
Run the display clock command to check that the new system time has taken effect.
<Huawei>display clock 2011-09-15 12:00:21 Thursday Time Zone(Default Zone Name) : UTC+00:00
Step 4
Use the question mark (?) or press Tab to enter
commands.
The question mark (?) is a wildcard, and the Tab is used as a shortcut to enter commands.
<Huawei>display ? aaa access-user accounting-scheme acl adp-ipv4 adp-mpls anti-attack arp arp-limit atm authentication-scheme authorization-scheme AAA User access Accounting scheme <Group> acl command group Ipv4 information Adp-mpls module Specify anti-attack configurations <Group> arp command group Display the number of limitation ATM status and configuration information Authentication scheme Display AAA authorization scheme
If you want to display all the commands that start with a specific letter or string of letters, enter the desired letters and the question mark (?). The
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system displays all the commands that start with the letters you enter. For example, if you enter dis?, the system displays all the commands that start with dis. Make sure that there is a space between the string and the question mark (?). The system identifies the command corresponding to the string and displays the parameters of the command. For example, if you enter dis ? and only the display command starts with dis, the system displays the parameters of the display command. If multiple commands start with dis, the system displays an error. You can also press Tab to complete a command. For example, if you enter dis and press Tab, the system completes the display command. If multiple commands start with dis, you can select the appropriate one. If there are no other commands start with the same letters, you can type dis or disp to indicate display, and int or inter to indicate interface.
Step 5
Access the system view.
Run the system-view command to access the system view where you configure interfaces and protocols.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]
Step 6
Change device names.
To more easily identify devices, set device names during the device configuration. Change device names based on the lab topology, as shown below: Change the name of the R1 router to R1.
[Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]
Change the name of the R2 router to R2.

[Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]
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Step 7
Configure the login information.
Configure the login information to indicate the login result.

[R1]header shell information "Welcome to Huawei certification lab"
Run the preceding command to configure the login information. To check whether the login information has been changed, quit out of the router command line interface, and log back in to view the login information.
[R1]quit <R1>quit Configuration console exit, please retry to log on Password: Welcome to Huawei certification lab <R1>
Note: Login information usually provides warnings of illegal logins. Do not use words that are welcoming.
Step 8
Configure the login authentication mode and
timeout interval of the console port.

The console port by default does not have a login password. Therefore, users can log in to the device without passwords. This presents a serious risk to the device. You need to change the login mode of the console port to the password authentication mode. The password in the password authentication mode is huawei in plain text. If there is no activity on the console port for the period of time specified by the timeout interval, the system automatically exits. When this occurs, you need to log in to the system again using the password. The default timeout interval is 10 minutes. If 10 minutes are not a reasonable amount of time for the timeout interval, change the timeout interval to 20 minutes.
[R1]user-interface console 0 [R1-ui-console0]authentication-mode password [R1-ui-console0]set authentication password simple huawei [R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 20 0
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Run the display this command to check the configuration results.

[R1-ui-console0]display this [V200R001C01SPC300] # user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password set authentication password simple huawei idle-timeout 20 0
Log out of the system and log back in to verify that you need to enter the password.
[R1-ui-console0]return <R1>quit Configuration console exit, please retry to log on Password: Welcome to Huawei certification lab <R1>
Step 9
Configure IP addresses and descriptions for the
interfaces.
Configure an IP address for the S1/0/0 interface of R1. The IP address can use the subnet mask length or use a complete subnet mask, such as 24 or 255.255.255.0.
[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]description This interface connects to R2-S1/0/0

[R1-Serial1/0/0]display this [V200R001C01SPC300] # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description This interface connect to R2-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 #
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Run the display interface command to view the interface description.

[R1-Serial1/0/0]display interface Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-09-15 17:38:48 Description:This interface connect to R2-S1/0/0 Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is PPP LCP opened, IPCP stopped Last physical up time : 2011-09-16 17:38:45 Last physical down time : 2011-09-16 17:38:34 Current system time: 2011-09-16 17:42:58 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 212 packets, 2944 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
Output: 216 packets, 2700 bytes
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP Input bandwidth utilization : 0.13% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.13% [R1-Serial1/0/0]
The command output shows that the physical status and protocol status of the interface are UP, and the corresponding physical layer and data link layer are functional. The interface link cables are V.35 DCE. Once you have verified the status, configure the IP address and description for the interface of R2.
[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0
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[R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]description This interface connect to R1-S2/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]
After completing the configuration, run the ping command to test the connection between R1 and R2.
[R1]ping 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=35 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=32 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=32 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=32 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=32 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 32/32/35 ms
Step 10 Configure the telnet login mode.

Set the telnet login mode of R1 to password authentication mode, password to huawei, and user privilege level to 3.
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4 [R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password [R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password simple huawei [R1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 3

[R1-ui-vty0-4]display this [V200R001C01SPC300] # user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password set authentication password simple huawei idle-timeout 20 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user privilege level 3 set authentication password simple huawei user-interface vty 16 20
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Set the telnet login mode of R2 to user name and password authentication mode.
[R2]user-interface vty 0 4 [R2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa [R2-ui-vty0-4]quit
Note: You can run the quit command to return to the previous view or the return command to return to the user view.
[R2]aaa [R2-aaa]local-user huawei password simple huawei [R2-aaa]local-user huawei privilege level 15 [R2-aaa]local-user huawei service-type telnet

[R2-aaa]display this [V200R001C01SPC300] # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http local-user huawei password simple huawei local-user huawei privilege level 15 local-user huawei service-type telnet # Return
Telnet to R2 from R1.

<R1>telnet 10.0.12.2 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.12.2 ... Connected to 10.0.12.2 ... Login authentication
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Username:huawei Password: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------User last login information: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Access Type: Telnet IP-Address : 10.0.12.1 Time : 2011-09-14 13:19:59+00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------<R2>
Based on the output above, the login is successful. Telnet to R1 from R2.
<R2>telnet 10.0.12.1 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.12.1 ... Connected to 10.0.12.1 ... Login authentication Password: Welcome to Huawei certification lab <R1>
Based on the output above, the login is successful.
Step 11 Configure a super password for the device.

When there are low user rights, for example, the value of user privilege level is 0 or 1 for the telnet login, you can use the super command to increase the user rights. To minimize risks caused by illegal right elevations, set super passwords. Set a super password for R1. The super password is stored in simple
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(plain text) mode.

[R1]super password simple Huawei
Run the display current-configuration command to check the configuration results.

[R1]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # super password level 3 simple huawei user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password ......output omit......
As shown in the command output, the super password is stored in plain text, which is relatively unsecure and unsafe. Set a super password for R2. The super password is stored in cipher (cipher text) mode.
[R2]super password cipher huawei [R1]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # super password level 3 cipher Q;L]@C0S3[%;LEEP8+INFQ!! user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password ......output omit......
As shown in the command output, the super password is stored in cipher text, which is more secure and safe.
Step 12 View the file list stored on the current device.

Run the dir command in the user view to display the list of files in the current directory.
<R1>dir Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc
1,738,816 Sep 14 2011 11:50:24 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:17:58
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1,927,476 KB total (1,856,548 KB free) <R2>dir Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc
1,738,816 Sep 14 2011 11:50:58 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:19:02
1,927,476 KB total (1,855,076 KB free)
Step 13 Upload and download files between R1 and R2 using FTP.

Routers are considered as FTP clients by default. In this lab, R1 is considered as an FTP client, and R2 is considered as an FTP server. Enable the FTP server function on R2.
[R2]ftp server enable Info: Succeeded in starting the FTP server [R2]set default ftp-directory sd1:/
Create a local account ftpuser as the FTP login account on R2.

[R2]aaa [R2-aaa]local-user ftpuser password cipher huawei [R2-aaa]local-user ftpuser service-type ftp [R2-aaa]local-user ftpuser privilege level 15
Log in to R2 from R1 using FTP.

<R1>ftp 10.0.12.2 Trying 10.0.12.2 ... Press CTRL+K to abort Connected to 10.0.12.2. 220 FTP service ready. User(10.0.12.2:(none)):ftpuser 331 Password required for ftpuser. Enter password: 230 User logged in. [R1-ftp]
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If the [R1-ftp] prompt is displayed, you have successfully logged in to the R2 FTP server. Transfer a file from R1 to the R2 FTP server using FTP.
[R1-ftp]put hq-r.cfg file-from-R1.bak 200 Port command okay. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file-from-R1.bak. 226 Transfer complete. FTP: 0 byte(s) sent in 0.627 second(s) 0.00byte(s)/sec. [R1-ftp]
Note: The source file names on the lab device may be different. You need to use the actual file name. Run the dir command in the R1 user view to check the file names in the file list. Run the dir command to view the result of the transfer.
[R1-ftp]dir 200 Port command okay. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for *. -rwxrwxrwx -rwxrwxrwx -rwxrwxrwx 1 noone 1 noone 1 noone nogroup 1738816 Sep 14 11:50 web.zip nogroup 68288896 Jul 12 14:19 nogroup 0 Sep 14 14:10 file-from-r1.bak
ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc 226 Transfer complete. FTP: 551 byte(s) received in 0.619 second(s) 890.14byte(s)/sec.
The command output lists files on the R2 FTP server. Download the file-from-r1.bak file from the R2 FTP server to R1 and change the file name to file-from-r2.bak.
[R1-ftp]get file-from-r1.bak file-from-r2.bak 200 Port command okay. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file-from-r1.bak. 226 Transfer complete. FTP: 0 byte(s) received in 0.591 second(s) 0.00byte(s)/sec.
Exit from the R2 FTP server and check the file list on R1. Make sure that the file-from-r2.bak file has been downloaded successfully.
[R1-ftp]quit 221 Server closing.
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Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rw2 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc file-from-r2.bak
1,738,816 Sep 16 2011 18:44:54 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:17:58 0 Sep 16 2011 19:13:00
1,927,476 KB total (1,856,548 KB free) <R1>
Delete the files on the devices. Warning: Delete only the two lab files file-from-r1.bak and file-from-r2.bak. Do not delete other files; otherwise, the devices may fail to boot. Delete the file-from-r1.bak file from R2.
<R2>dir Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rw2 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc file-from-r1.bak
1,738,816 Sep 14 2011 11:50:58 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:19:02 0 Sep 14 2011 14:10:08
1,927,476 KB total (1,855,076 KB free) <R2>delete /unreserved file-from-r1.bak Warning: The contents of file sd1:/file-from-r1.bak cannot be recycled. Continue? (y/n)[n]:y Info: Deleting file sd1:/file-from-r1.bak...succeed.
The /unreserved parameter indicates that the file is to be deleted permanently and cannot be restored. Use this parameter with caution.
<R2>dir Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc
1,738,816 Sep 14 2011 11:50:58 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:19:02
1,927,476 KB total (1,855,076 KB free)
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Compare the file list with the preceding file list and make sure that the file-from-r1.bak file has been deleted. Delete the file-from-r2.bak file from R1.
<R1>delete /unreserved file-from-r2.bak Warning: The contents of file sd1:/file-from-r2.bak cannot be recycled. Continue? (y/n)[n]:y Info: Deleting file sd1:/file-from-r2.bak...succeed. <R1>dir Directory of sd1:/ Idx Attr 0 -rw1 -rwSize(Byte) Date Time(LMT) FileName web.zip ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc
1,738,816 Sep 16 2011 18:44:54 68,288,896 Jul 12 2011 14:17:58
1,927,476 KB total (1,856,548 KB free) <R1>
Step 14 Manage configuration files of a device.

Save the current configuration file.
<R1>save The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait............ Configuration file had been saved successfully Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
Run the following command to view the saved configuration information:

<R1>display saved-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 header shell information "Welcome to Huawei certification lab" # board add 0/1 1SA board add 0/2 1SA ............
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Run the following command to view the current configuration information:

<R1>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 header shell information "Welcome to Huawei certification lab" # board add 0/1 1SA board add 0/2 1SA board add 0/3 2FE ............
A router can store multiple configuration files. You can select the configuration file to be used after the next startup of the router as required.
<R1>startup saved-configuration iascfg.zip This operation will take several minutes, please wait......... Info: Succeeded in setting the file for booting system <R1>
Run the following command to select the configuration file to be used after the next startup:
<R1>display startup MainBoard: Startup system software: Next startup system software: Backup system software for next startup: Startup saved-configuration file: Next startup saved-configuration file: Startup license file: Next startup license file: Startup patch package: Next startup patch package: Startup voice-files: Next startup voice-files: sd1:/ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc sd1:/ar2220_V200R001C01SPC300.cc null null sd1:/iascfg.zip null null null null null null
Delete configuration files from the flash memory.

<R1>reset saved-configuration This will delete the configuration in the flash memory.
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The device configurations will be erased to reconfigure. Are you sure? (y/n)[n]:y Clear the configuration in the device successfully. <R1>
Step 15 Restart a router.

Run the reboot command to restart a router.
<R1>reboot Info: The system is now comparing the configuration, please wait. Warning: All the configuration will be saved to the next startup configuration. Continue ? [y/n]:n System will reboot! Continue ? [y/n]:y Info: system is rebooting ,please wait...
The system asks whether you want to save the current configuration. Determine whether to save the current configuration based on the requirements for the lab. If you are unsure whether you should save the current confirmation, do not save it.
Additional Exercises: Analyzing and Verifying

1. You can use USB cables to connect to the USB ports of AR G3 routers to perform configuration management. For more information, see the related product guide. 2. Currently, most laptops do not have COM ports. How do we configure routers without laptop COM ports? List all the methods you have in mind.
Final Configurations
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 tftp client-source -i Serial2/0/0 header shell information "Welcome to Huawei certification lab" # board add 0/1 1SA board add 0/2 1SA
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board add 0/3 2FE # voice # http server enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # l2tp aging 0 # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http # interface Ethernet3/0/0 # interface Ethernet3/0/1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description This interface connect to R2-S2/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface Cellular0/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Cellular0/0/1 link-protocol ppp #
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HCDA-HNTD interface NULL0 # super password level 3 simple huawei user-interface con 0 authentication-mode password set authentication password simple huawei idle-timeout 10 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user privilege level 3 set authentication password simple huawei user-interface vty 16 20 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 ftp server enable set default ftp-directory sd1:/ # board add 0/1 1SA board add 0/2 1SA board add 0/3 2FE # voice # http server enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # l2tp aging 0 # dhcp enable # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http
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local-user ftpuser password cipher N`C55QK<`=/Q=^Q`MAF4<1!! local-user ftpuser privilege level 15 local-user ftpuser service-type ftp local-user huawei password simple huawei local-user huawei privilege level 15 local-user huawei service-type telnet ftp # interface Ethernet3/0/0 # interface Ethernet3/0/1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description This interface connect to R1-S2/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 # interface Cellular0/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Cellular0/0/1 link-protocol ppp # interface NULL0 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode aaa user-interface vty 16 20 # return
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Chapter 2 Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes

Lab 2-1 Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Advantages of static routes and default routes over dynamic routes Routing functions and operation processes Procedure for configuring a static route with the next hop as an interface Procedure for configuring a static route with the next hop as an IP address Method of testing connectivity of a static route Method of implementing interconnection between the distal network and external network by configuring a default route Procedure for testing a default route Procedure for configuring a backup static route on a router with redundant links Method of testing a backup static route
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Topology
Figure 2.1 Lab topology of static routes and default routes
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company with a headquarters (HQ) and two branches. R1 is the router in the HQ, and the HQ has a network segment. R2 and R3 are the routers in the two branches. R1 is connected to R2 and R3 through the Ethernet and serial cables. R2 and R3 are connected through serial cables. Because the network scale is small, static routes and default routes are used to implement interworking. For the IP addressing information, see Figure 2.1.
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Tasks Step 1 Perform basic configurations and configure IP
addresses.
Configure the device names and IP addresses for R1, R2, and R3.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R2-S1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]quit [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]description this port connect to R3-G0/0/0 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 [R1-LoopBack0]
Run the display current-configuration command to check the configurations.

[R1-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 description this port connects to R3-G0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet3/0/1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connects to R2-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
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......output omit...... <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R1-S1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24 [R2-Serial2/0/0]description this port connect to R3-S2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]interface loopback0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 [R2-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R1-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R3-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.3 24 [R3-Serial2/0/0]description this port connects to R2-S2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]quit [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]description this port connects to R1-G0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
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[R3-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R2-S2/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description this port connect to R1-G0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit......
Run the ping command to test network connectivity.

<R1>ping 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 30/30/30 ms <R1>ping 10.0.13.3 PING 10.0.13.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=6 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms --- 10.0.13.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted
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5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/6 ms <R2>ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=41 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 31/35/41 ms
Step 2
Test connectivity from R2 to 10.0.13.0/24 and
10.0.3.0/24.
[R2]ping 10.0.13.3 PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.13.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R2]ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out
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HCDA-HNTD Request time out --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
Note: If R2 needs to communicate with the network segment 10.0.3.0, the routes destined for this network segment must be configured on R2, and the routes destined for the R2 interface must be configured on R3. The preceding test result shows that R2 cannot communicate with 10.0.3.3 and 10.0.13.3. Run the display ip routing-table command to view the routing table of R2. The routing table does not contain the routes of the two networks.
[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 Proto Routes : 15 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
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Step 3
Configure static routes on R2.
Configure a static route for destination networks 10.0.13.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24, with the next hop as R3 interface's IP address 10.0.23.3 , preference of 60 is the default and not needed to be set. Also in the example the preference is not set.
<R2>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 10.0.23.3 [R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.23.3
Note: In the ip route-static command, 24 indicates the subnet mask length, which can also be expressed in 255.255.255.0.
Step 4
Configure backup static routes.
The data exchanged between R2 and 10.0.13.3 and 10.0.3.3 is transmitted through the link between R2 and R3. R2 fails to communicate with 10.0.13.3 and 10.0.3.3 if the link between R2 and R3 is faulty. According to the topology, R2 can communicate with R3 through R1 after the link between R2 and R3 is faulty. You can configure a backup static route to solve the preceding problem. Backup static routes do not take effect in normal cases. If the link between R2 and R3 is faulty, backup static routes are used to transfer data. You must configure preferences for backup static routes to ensure that the backup static routes are used only when the primary link is faulty. In this example, the preference of the backup static route is set to 80.
[R1]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.13.3 [R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 Serial 1/0/0 preference 80 [R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 Serial 1/0/0 preference 80 [R3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.13.1
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Step 5
Test the static routes.
View the routing table of R2.

[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 17 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D RD D D D D RD D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Static 60
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
The routing table contains two static routes that are configured in step 3. The value of the Proto field is Static, indicating a static route. The value of the Pre field is 60, indicating the default preference of a route. Test network connectivity when the link between R2 and R3 works properly.
[R2]ping 10.0.13.3 PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=34 ms
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--- 10.0.13.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 34/34/34 ms <R2>ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=41 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 41/41/41 ms
The command output shows that communication is normal. You can also run the tracert command to view the routers through which data is transferred.
<R2>tracert 10.0.13.3 traceroute to 10.0.13.3(10.0.13.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40, 31 ms 30 ms press CTRL_C to break 1 10.0.23.3 40 ms traceroute to <R2>tracert 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3(10.0.3.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40, 30 ms 30 ms press CTRL_C to break 1 10.0.23.3 40 ms <R2>
The command output shows that R2 directly sends data to R3.
Step 6
Test the backup static routes.
Disable Serial2/0/0 on R2 and observe the changes in the routing tables. Compare the routing tables with the previous routing tables before
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Serial2/0/0 was disabled.

[R2]int Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]shutdown [R2-Serial2/0/0]quit [R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 13 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Static 80
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Static 80 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
The next hops and preferences of the two routes in the preceding information are changed. Test connectivity between R2 and the destination addresses 10.0.13.3 and 10.0.3.3 on R2.
<R1>ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received
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0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms <R1>ping 10.0.13.3 PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms --- 10.0.13.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms
The network is not disconnected when the link between R2 and R3 is shut down. You can also run the tracert command to view the routers through which data is transferred.
<R2>tracert 10.0.13.3 traceroute to to break 1 10.0.12.1 40 ms 2 10.0.13.3 30 ms traceroute to to break 1 10.0.12.1 40 ms 2 10.0.13.3 30 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 21 ms 10.0.13.3(10.0.13.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C
<R2>tracert 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3(10.0.3.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C
The command output shows that the data sent by R2 reaches R3 through R1.
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Step 7
Configure a default route on R1 to implement
network connectivity.
Enable the interface that was disabled in step 6 on R2.
[R2]int Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]undo shutdown
Test connectivity between R1 and R3.

[R1]ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
R3 cannot be pinged because the route destined for 10.0.23.3 is not configured on R1. You can configure a default route on R1 to implement network connectivity.
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.3
After the configuration is complete, test connectivity between R1 and 10.0.23.3.

[R1]ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics ---
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5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms
Step 8
Configure a backup default route.
If the link between R1 and R3 is faulty, R1 can communicate with 10.0.23.3 and 10.0.3.3 through R2. However, R1 does not learn about this route by default. You can also configure a backup default route in this step.
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 preference 80 [R3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.23.2 preference 80
Step 9
Test the backup default route.
View the routes of R1 when the link between R1 and R3 works properly.
<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 16 Destination/Mask 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 16 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RD D D D RD D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.3 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.3 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Static 60 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Static 80
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0
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Chapter 2 Configuring Static Routes and Default Routes 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
Disable GigabitEthernet0/0/0 on R1, and then view the routes of R1. Compare the current routes with the routes before GigabitEthernet0/0/0 was disabled.
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 12 Destination/Mask 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 Proto Routes : 12 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RD D D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.12.2 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Static 80 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
According to the preceding routing table, the value of 80 in the Pre column indicates that backup default route 0.0.0.0 is valid. Test network connectivity on R1.
[R1]ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=76 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=250 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=76 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=76 ms
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Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=76 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 76/110/250 ms [R1]tracert 10.0.23.3 traceroute to to break 1 10.0.12.2 30 ms 2 10.0.23.3 60 ms 26 ms 26 ms 53 ms 56 ms 10.0.23.3(10.0.23.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C
The data packets reach R3 through R2.

You can run the ping command to control other information about forwarded data packets, such as the source address, data packet size, and data packet quantity. Consider the following questions: 1. What is the source address of the ping data packets sent from a router by default? 2. In this lab, is connectivity implemented for all the network segments? 3. What is the simplest static route configuration for this lab topology if only static route are configured to implement connectivity? 4. You can specify the next hop address or an interface when configuring a static route. Consider the differences between the two configurations. How do non-Huawei vendors configure static routes?
Appendix A: Default Preference of Each Routing Protocol of Huawei Routers

Routing Protocol and Routing Type Preference
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Direct OSPF IS-IS Static RIP OSPF ASE BGP
0 10 15 60 100 150 255
<R1>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R2-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description this port connect to R3-G0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.2 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 preference 80 ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.13.2 preference 80 # return <R2>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 #
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interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R1-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R3-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 # ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.23.2 ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 Serial1/0/0 preference 80 ip route-static 10.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2 ip route-static 10.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 Serial1/0/0 preference 80 # return <R3>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R2-S2/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description this port connect to R1-G0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 # ip route-static 10.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.13.1 preference 80 ip route-static 10.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.1 preference 80 # return
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Chapter 3 RIP Configuration

Lab 3-1 Configuring RIPv1 and RIPv2 Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Loop prevention mechanism of the Routing Information Protocol
(RIP) Method of using RIP to exchange routing information between
two routers Method of configuring RIPv1 Method of enabling RIP on a specified network and interface Method of using the display and debug commands to test RIP Procedure for testing connectivity of the RIP network Formats of the network prefixes sent to or received by RIP Method of configuring RIPv2 Differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2 Method of importing a static route to RIP
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Topology
Figure 3.1 Lab topology of RIPv1 and RIPv2
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company that has a small intranet with three routers and five networks. You want to use RIP to transfer routing information. Considering compatibility, you want to use RIPv1 at first, but you realize that RIPv2 also has many advantages. After certain tests, you finally select RIPv2.
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Tasks Step 1 Perform basic configurations and IP addressing.
Configure basic device information and set IP addresses based on the topology.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R2-S1/0/0 [R1- Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 [R1-LoopBack0]quit
Run the display current-configuration command to check the configuration results.

[R1-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R2-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R1-S1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24
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[R2-Serial2/0/0]description this port connect to R3-S1/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]interface loopback0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 [R2-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R1-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R3-S1/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.3 24 [R3-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R2-S2/0/0 [R3- Serial1/0/0]interface loop0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [R3-LoopBack0]display current-configuration ......output omit...... # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp description this port connect to R2-S2/0/0 ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit...... interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ......output omit......
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R1 and R2 can communicate with each other.

<R1>ping 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 30/30/30 ms
R2 can successfully ping the IP address 10.0.23.3 of R3.

Step 2
Configure RIPv1.
Enable RIP on R1, and then advertise the 10.0.0.0 network segment to RIP.
[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
[R2]rip 1
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[R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
[R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]net 10.0.0.0
Step 3
Verify RIPv1 routes.
View the routing tables of R1, R2, and R3. Make sure that these routers have learned the RIP routes that are highlighted in gray in the following command output.
[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 14 Pre Cost 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP RIP
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 RIP 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask Proto Routes : 17 Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
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10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24
RIP
100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP
100 1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R3]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 14 Pre Cost 100 2 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
100 1
Test connectivity from R1 to IP address 10.0.23.3. R1 and R3 can

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communicate with each other.

You can run the debug command to view RIP periodic updates. Run the debug command to enable the RIP debugging function. The debug command can be used only in the user view. Then run the terminal debugging and terminal monitor commands to display the debugging information. The information about RIP interactions between routers is displayed.
<R1>debug rip 1 <R1>terminal debugging Info: Current terminal debugging is on. <R1>terminal monitor Info: Current terminal monitor is on. Sep 19 2011 19:15:22.630.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11647: RIP 1: Receiving v1 response on Serial1/0/0 from 10.0.12.2 with 2 RTEs Sep 19 2011 19:15:22.630.2+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11698: RIP 1: Receive response from 10.0.12.2 on Serial1/0/0 Sep 19 2011 19:15:22.630.3+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11709: Packet: Version 1, Cmd response, Length 44 Sep 19 2011 19:15:22.630.4+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11758: Dest 10.0.3.0, Cost 2 Sep 19 2011 19:15:22.630.5+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11758: Dest 10.0.23.0, Cost 1 Sep 19 2011 19:15:52.650.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11647: RIP 1: Receiving v1 response on Serial1/0/0 from 10.0.12.2 with 2 RTEs Sep 19 2011 19:15:52.650.2+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11698: RIP 1: Receive response from 10.0.12.2 on Serial1/0/0
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Sep 19 2011 19:15:52.650.3+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11709: Packet: Version 1, Cmd response, Length 44 Sep 19 2011 19:15:52.650.4+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11758: Dest 10.0.2.0, Cost 1
You can run the undo debug rip or undo debug all command to disable debugging functions.
<R1>undo debug rip 1
In addition, you can run the commands that have more parameters to view the debugging information of a certain type. For example, run the debug rip 1 event command to view the periodical update events sent or received by routers. You can add the question mark (?) to the command to query other parameters.
<R1>debug rip 1 event Sep 19 2011 19:23:44.200.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 25: 3873: RIP 1: Periodic timer expired for interface Serial1/0/0 (10.0.12.1) and its added to periodic update queue Sep 19 2011 19:23:44.210.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 25: 4201: RIP 1: Interface Serial1/0/0 (10.0.12.1) is deleted from the periodic update queue <R1>undo debug all Info: All possible debugging has been turned off
Warning: If too many debugging functions are enabled, a large number of router resources are used. This may lead to break down. Therefore, use the commands (such as debug all) for enabling debugging functions in batches with caution.
Step 4
Configure RIPv2.
After the preceding configuration, you need to configure only version 2 in the RIP sub view.
[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]version 2
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Step 5
Verify RIPv2 routes.
View the routing tables of R1, R2, and R3. Run the display ip routing-table command to view the routing tables of R1, R2, and R3. Compare the routes that are highlighted in gray with RIPv1 routes.
[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 14 Pre Cost 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 Proto RIP Routes : 17 Pre Cost 100 1 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
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HCDA-HNTD 10.0.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R3]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 14 Pre Cost 100 2 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
100 1
Note: The route learning of RIPv1 is the same of the route learning of RIPv2. Why is this true? Test connectivity from R1 to 10.0.23.3.
[R1]ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
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Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=74 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=75 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=75 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=75 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=75 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 74/74/75 ms
You can run the debug command to view the RIPv2 periodic updates.
<R1>terminal debugging Info: Current terminal debugging is on. <R1>terminal monitor Info: Current terminal monitor is on. <R1>debug rip 1 event Sep 19 2011 19:55:46.600.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 25: 3873: RIP 1: Periodic timer expired for interface Serial1/0/0 (10.0.12.1) and its added to periodic update queue Sep 19 2011 19:55:46.610.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 25: 4201: RIP 1: Interface Serial1/0/0 (10.0.12.1) is deleted from the periodic update queue <R1>undo debug rip 1 <R1>debug rip 1 packet Sep 19 2011 20:31:34.230.1+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11689: RIP 1: Sending response on interface Serial1/0/0 from 10.0.12.1 to 224.0.0.9 Sep 19 2011 20:31:34.230.2+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11709: Packet: Version 2, Cmd response, Length 24 Sep 19 2011 20:31:34.230.3+00:00 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: 6: 11777: Dest 10.0.1.0/24, Nexthop 0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0 <R1>undo debug all Info: All possible debugging has been turned off
Step 6
Import a static route to RIPv2.
Add a loopback interface on R3, and then set the IP address to 172.16.3.3/24. Configure a static route to the network segment on R2. Import the static route to the RIP routing information so that R1 can communicate with 172.16.3.3.
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Configure the loopback interface on R3.

[R3]interface LoopBack 1 [R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.3 24
Test connectivity from R1 to 172.16.3.3.

[R1]ping 172.16.3.3 PING 172.16.3.3: 56 Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 172.16.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
R1 does not have a route to 172.16.3.3. Therefore, the address cannot be pinged successfully. Configure the static route on R2.
<R2>system-view [R2]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 10.0.23.3
Import the static route to RIPv2.

[R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]import-route static
Step 7
Verify that the static routes are imported to RIPv2
successfully.
View the routing tables of R1, R2, and R3. The route to 172.16.3.0/24 exists in the routing table of R1; the static route to 172.16.3.0/24 exists in the routing table of R2; no change occurs in the routing table of R3.
[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 15 Pre Cost 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.3.0/24 RIP 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R2]display ip routing-table
100 1
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 18 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 Proto RIP Routes : 18 Pre Cost 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
100 1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
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HCDA-HNTD 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.3.0/24 Static 60 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib 0 0 0 0 D D RD D 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1
Chapter 3 RIP Configuration InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 17 Pre Cost 100 2 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack1 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
100 1
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.3.3/32 172.16.3.255/32 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
Test connectivity from R1 to 172.16.3.3. R1 can communicate with 172.16.3.3.

[R1]ping 172.16.3.3 PING 172.16.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 172.16.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=63 ms Reply from 172.16.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=73 ms Reply from 172.16.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=74 ms Reply from 172.16.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=65 ms Reply from 172.16.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=74 ms --- 172.16.3.3 ping statistics ---
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When you use RIPv1, a router sends network IDs and other route update information to its neighbor routers without sending subnet masks. How do neighbor routers process the route update information and generate the corresponding subnet masks? How are RIPv1 and RIPv2 compatible with each other?
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial1/0/0
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HCDA-HNTD link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 import-route static # ip route-static 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.3 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack1 ip address 172.16.3.3 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return
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Lab 3-2 RIPv2 Route Aggregation and Authentication Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Route aggregation advantages RIPv2 route aggregation method Method used to configure RIPv2 route aggregation RIP authentication method Method used to troubleshoot an RIP authentication failure
Topology
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Figure 3.2 RIPv2 topology
Scenario
Assume that you are a network engineer of a company. The company is small; therefore, RIPv2 is used. There are too many routes; therefore, route aggregation is required to control and advertise routes. Malicious attackers may forge a valid router to receive and modify valid routes, so RIPv2 authentication is used to protect the network.
Tasks Step 1 Configure IP addresses for interfaces.
Configure device names and IP addresses for R1, R2, and R3.
<Huawei>system <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1- Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24 [R2-Serial2/0/0]interface loopback0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3
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[R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.3 24 [R3- Serial1/0/0]interface loopback0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [R3-LoopBack0]interface loopback 2 [R3-LoopBack2]ip address 172.16.0.1 24 [R3-LoopBack2]interface loopback 3 [R3-LoopBack3]ip address 172.16.1.1 24 [R3-LoopBack3]interface loopback 4 [R3-LoopBack4]ip address 172.16.2.1 24 [R3-LoopBack4]interface loopback 5 [R3-LoopBack5]ip address 172.16.3.1 24 [R3-LoopBack5]quit
After you have configured the IP addresses for the interfaces, test network connectivity.
<R1>ping 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 30/30/30 ms <R2>ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=31 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=41 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss
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HCDA-HNTD round-trip min/avg/max = 31/35/41 ms
Step 2
Configure RIPv2.
Configure RIPv2 on R1, R2, and R3.

[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 [R3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R3-rip-1]version 2

<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 18 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Pre 0 0 0 Routes : 18 Cost D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 D Flags NextHop 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
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Chapter 3 RIP Configuration RIP RIP RIP RIP 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 0 D D D D D 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
172.16.0.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
The information in grey shows that R1 has learned specific routes but not aggregated routes. Test network connectivity.
Step 3
Configure RIP manual route aggregation on R2.
Run the rip summary-address command on S1/0/0 of R2 to configure RIP route aggregation. The four routes (172.16.0.0/24, 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24, and 172.16.3.0/24) are aggregated into one route (172.16.0.0/16).
[R2]interface serial1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
View the routing table and the aggregated route.

<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask Proto Routes : 15 Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
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HCDA-HNTD 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP RIP 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/16 RIP 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
100 2
The information in grey shows an aggregated route. No specific route is listed in the routing table. Test network connectivity.
The preceding information shows that route aggregation does not affect network connectivity.
Step 4
Configure RIP authentication.
Configure plain text authentication between R1 and R2 and MD5 authentication between R2 and R3. Set the authentication password to huawei.
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[R1]interface serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]rip authentication-mode simple huawei [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]rip authentication-mode simple huawei [R2-Serial1/0/0]quit [R2]interface serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual huawei [R3]interface serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual huawei
After the configurations are complete, test network connectivity.

<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Routes : 15 Pre Cost 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 Interface
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/16 RIP
100 2
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 <R2>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 21 Routes : 21
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Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24
Proto RIP
Pre Cost 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Flags NextHop 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1
Interface
Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0
100 1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 RIP RIP RIP RIP
100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 0
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 26 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 26 Pre Cost 100 2 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
100 1
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0
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Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.2.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.3.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack2 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack3 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack4 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack5 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.0/8
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.0.1/32 172.16.0.255/32 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.1.1/32 172.16.1.255/32 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.2.1/32 172.16.2.255/32 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.3.1/32 172.16.3.255/32 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
Step 5
Rectify the RIPv2 fault.
Change the authentication password on S1/0/0 of R2 to huawei2.

[R2]interface serial1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]rip authentication-mode simple huawei2
Run the following command to delete the routes learned by R1 from R2 before the authentication password on R2 is changed.
<R1>reset ip routing-table statistics protocol rip

<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 11 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 Proto Routes : 11 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0
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HCDA-HNTD 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Because R1 and R2 use different RIP authentication passwords, R1 cannot receive any RIP route from R2. Restore the authentication password on S1/0/0 of R2 to huawei.
[R2]interface serial1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]rip authentication-mode simple huawei
Change the authentication mode on S2/0/0 of R2 to plain text authentication.

[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]rip authentication-mode simple huawei
Run the following command to delete the routes learned by R3 from R2 before you change the authentication password.
<R3>reset ip routing-table statistics protocol rip

<R3>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 25 Destination/Mask 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto Routes : 25 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack2
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Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.2.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.3.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack3 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack4 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack5 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
172.16.0.1/32 172.16.0.255/32 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.1.1/32 172.16.1.255/32 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.2.1/32 172.16.2.255/32 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.3.1/32 172.16.3.255/32
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
Because R2 and R3 use different RIP authentication modes, R3 cannot receive any RIP route from R2. Restore the authentication mode on S2/0/0 of R2 to MD5.
[R2]interface serial2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]rip authentication-mode md5 usual huawei
Verify that routes in routing tables of R1, R2, and R3 are correct.
<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto Pre 0 0 0 Routes : 15 Cost D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 D Flags NextHop 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
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HCDA-HNTD 172.16.0.0/16 RIP 100 2 0 D D 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1
Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 21 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 Proto RIP Routes : 21 Pre Cost 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 Interface
Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0
100 1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1/32 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP RIP RIP RIP
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
<R3>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 26 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 Proto RIP Routes : 26 Pre Cost 100 2 D Flags NextHop 10.0.23.2 Interface
Serial2/0/0
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Chapter 3 RIP Configuration RIP 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.2.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 172.16.3.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack2 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack3 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack4 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 LoopBack5 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
100 1
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.0.1/32 172.16.0.255/32 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.1.1/32 172.16.1.255/32 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.2.1/32 172.16.2.255/32 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.3.1/32 172.16.3.255/32 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0

You can use debug commands to troubleshoot faults. In step 5, the authentication passwords or authentication modes on two routers are different. Use debug commands to view relevant information.
Appendix A: Routers
RIP Debugging Commands on Huawei
<Huawei>debugging rip 1 ? brief error event Brief information about RIP events Information about RIP Errors Information about RIP events
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HCDA-HNTD packet receive route-processing send timer <cr> All RIP packets
Received RIP packet information Information about RIP Route-Processing Sent RIP packet information Information about RIP timers Please press ENTER to execute command
The preceding lists some debugging commands, which can be used for reference.
<R1>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 rip authentication-mode simple huawei # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # Return <R2>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 rip authentication-mode simple huawei rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 #
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interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 rip authentication-mode simple huawei # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return
<R3>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 rip authentication-mode md5 usual gg^dP=F.[>=H)H2[EInB~.2# # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack2 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack3 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack4 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack5 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0
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HCDA-HNTD network 172.16.0.0 # return
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Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration

Lab 4-1 OSPF Single-area Configuration Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Router ID usage Method used to enable OSPF on a specified interface or network Method used to view OSPF operations using display commands Method to use OSPF to advertise default routes Method used to change the OSPF hello interval and dead interval Method used to change the OSPF route priority DR or BDR election on the Ethernet
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Topology
Figure 4.1 OSPF single area topology
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company will use OSPF to exchange routes. All the routers belong to OSPF area 0. OSPF is required to advertise default routes and the DR or BDR will be elected.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface serial1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
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[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [R3-LoopBack0]interface loopback 2 [R3-LoopBack2]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
Step 2
Configure OSPF.
Use Loopback0's IP address 10.0.1.1 as the router ID, use OSPF process 1 (default OSPF process), and specify network segments 10.0.12.0/24, 10.0.13.0/24, and 10.0.1.0/24 in OSPF area 0.
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
A router can run multiple OSPF processes and different routers in a routing domain can use identical or different OSPF process IDs. You must specify the wildcard mask in the network command. Use Loopback0's IP address 10.0.2.2 as the router ID, use OSPF process 10, and specify network segments 10.0.12.0/24 and 10.0.2.0/24 in OSPF area 0.
[R2]ospf 10 router-id 10.0.2.2
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HCDA-HNTD [R2-ospf-10]area 0 [R2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
Use Loopback0's IP address 10.0.3.3 as the router ID, use OSPF process 100, and specify network segments 10.0.13.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24 in OSPF area 0.
[R3]ospf 100 router-id 10.0.3.3 [R3-ospf-100]area 0 [R3-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-100-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255
Step 3
Verify the OSPF configuration.
After OSPF route convergence is complete, view routing tables of R1, R2, and R3.
<R1>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 16 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto Routes : 16 Pre Cost 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF OSPF 10 10
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
1562 D
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
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<R2>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto OSPF Routes : 14 Pre Cost 10 1562 0 0 0 1563 0 0 0 0 1563 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 10
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 OSPF 127.0.0.0/8 10 Direct 0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 <R3>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 16 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto OSPF OSPF Routes : 16 Pre Cost 10 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
1563 D
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 10
10.0.12.0/24 OSPF
1563 D
10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.13.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
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HCDA-HNTD 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.0.1/32 172.16.0.255/32 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D 172.16.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
LoopBack2 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
Test network connectivity between R2 and R1 at 10.0.1.1 and between R2 and R3 at 10.0.3.3.
[R2]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=37 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=42 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=42 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=45 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=42 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 37/41/45 ms [R2]ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=37 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=42 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=42 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=42 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=42 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 37/41/42 ms
Use display commands to view OSPF routing tables. Run the display ip routing-table protocol ospf command to view the learned routes. Use the display on R1 as an example. The configurations on R2 and R3 are similar.
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto OSPF OSPF Routes : 2 Pre Cost 10 10 1562 D 1 D Flags NextHop 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3 Interface
Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
Run the display ospf peer command to view the OSPF neighbor status.
[R1]display ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.12.1(Serial1/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.2.2 State: Full DR: None BDR: None Address: 10.0.12.2 MTU: 0 Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
Dead timer due in 30 sec Retrans timer interval: 4 Neighbor is up for 00:09:19 Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.13.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.3.3 State: Full DR: 10.0.13.1 Address: 10.0.13.3 Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1 BDR: 10.0.13.3 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 37 sec Retrans timer interval: 5 Neighbor is up for 00:10:04 Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
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The display ospf peer command displays detailed information about neighbors. The preceding information shows that R1 has two neighbors: R2 (router ID: 10.0.2.2) and R3 (10.0.3.3). The neighbors are in full state. You can also run the display ospf peer brief command to view brief information about neighbors.
[R1]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3 State Full Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R2]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 10.0.2.2 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial1/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R3]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 100 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 4
Change the OSPF hello interval and dead interval.
Run the display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 command on R1 to view the default OSPF hello interval and dead interval.
[R1]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Interfaces
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Interface: 10.0.13.1 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0) Cost: 1 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.0.13.1 Backup Designated Router: 10.0.13.3 Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Run the ospf timer command to change the OSPF hello interval and dead interval on GE0/0/0 of R1 to 15s and 60s respectively.
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ospf timer hello 15 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ospf timer dead 60 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Interfaces
Check the OSPF neighbor status on R1.

[R1-Ethernet3/0/0]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial1/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.2.2 State Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The preceding information shows that R1 has only one neighbor, R2. Because OSPF hello intervals and dead intervals on R1 and R3 are different, R1 and R3 cannot establish an OSPF neighbor relationship. Run the ospf timer command to change the OSPF hello interval and
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dead interval on GE0/0/0 of R3 to 15s and 60s respectively.

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 15 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer dead 60 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] display ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 OSPF Process 100 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Interfaces
Step 5
Configure OSPF to advertise default routes and
verify the configuration.

Configure OSPF to advertise default routes on R3.
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 LoopBack 2 [R3]ospf 100 [R3-ospf-100]default-route-advertise
View routing tables of R1 and R2. You can see that R1 and R2 have learned the default routes advertised by R3.
[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto O_ASE Routes : 17 Pre Cost 150 1 0 0 0 1 D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.3 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
1562 D
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Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 0.0.0.0/0 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto O_ASE OSPF Routes : 15 Pre Cost 150 10 1 1562 0 0 0 1563 0 0 0 0 1563 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 10
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 OSPF 127.0.0.0/8 10 Direct 0
Run the ping command to test connectivity between R2 and Loopback2 at 172.16.0.1.
<R2>ping 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=37 ms
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Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=37 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=37 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=37 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 37/39/47 ms
Step 6
Control OSPF DR or BDR election.
Run the display ospf peer command to view the DR and BDR of R1 and R3.
[R1]display ospf peer 10.0.3.3 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.13.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.3.3 State: Full DR: 10.0.13.3 Address: 10.0.13.3 Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1 BDR: 10.0.13.1 MTU: 0
The preceding information shows that R3 is the DR and R1 is the BDR. This is because R3's router ID 10.0.3.3 is greater than R1's router ID 10.0.1.1. R1 and R3 use the default priority of 1, so their router IDs are used for DR or BDR election. Run the ospf dr-priority command to change DR priorities of R1 and R3.
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 200 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 100
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By default, a DR or BDR is elected in non-preemption mode. After router priorities are changed, a DR is not re-elected, so you must reset the OSPF neighbor relationship between R1 and R3. Shut down and re-enable GE0/0/0 interfaces on R1 or R3 to reset the OSPF neighbor relationship between R1 and R3.
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Run the display ospf peer command to view the DR and BDR of R1 and R3.
[R1-GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]display ospf peer 10.0.3.3 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.13.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.3.3 State: Full DR: 10.0.13.1 Address: 10.0.13.3 Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 100 BDR: 10.0.13.3 MTU: 0
According to the preceding information, R1's priority is higher than R3's priority, so R1 becomes DR and R3 becomes the BDR.

Why are OSPF hello interval and dead interval changed? Must OSPF hello intervals and dead intervals of all the routers in an OSPF area be the same? Must the OSPF hello interval and dead interval of a router be the same? Why? In which network is DR or BDR elected? R1, R2, and R3 are configured with loopback interfaces and use 24-bit mask. Why does the mask have 32 bits after other routers learn networks connected to loopback interfaces?
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[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 ospf dr-priority 200 ospf timer hello 15 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ospf 10 router-id 10.0.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
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network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0 ospf dr-priority 100 ospf timer hello 15 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack2 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 100 router-id 10.0.3.3 default-route-advertise area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 LoopBack2 # return
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Lab 4-2 OSPF Multi-area and Authentication Configuration Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: OSPF multi-area advantages Route exchange in multiple OSPF areas OSPF multi-area configuration commands OSPF authentication configuration. Troubleshooting method used when the setup of an OSPF
neighbor relationship fails
Topology
Figure 4.2 OSPF multi area topology
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company will use OSPF to advertise routes. As the network scale increases, OSPF multi-area is used to plan the company network. OSPF authentication is required to ensure security. During this configuration, you will learn about OSPF LSA types and functions.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface serial1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [R3-LoopBack0]interface loopback 2
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HCDA-HNTD [R3-LoopBack2]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
Step 2
Configure multiple OSPF areas.
R1 functions as the ABR. Specify network segment 10.0.12.0/24 in area 0 and network segments 10.0.13.0/24 and 10.0.1.0/24 in area 1.
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit [R1-ospf-1]area 1 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
Add R2 to the backbone area, area 0.

R3 functions as the ASBR. Specify network segments 10.0.13.0/24 and 10.0.3.0 in area 1. The network segment 172.16.0.0/24 does not belong to any OSPF area.
Step 3
Verify OSPF routes.
View routing tables of R1, R2, and R3. Verify that each router has learned the following routes marked in grey.
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
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Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 OSPF 10.0.3.3/32 OSPF
Proto 10 10
Pre Cost 1562 1 D D
Flags NextHop 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3
Interface
Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 3 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.3.3/32 Proto OSPF OSPF Routes : 3 Pre Cost 10 10 10 1562 1563 1563 Flags NextHop D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 OSPF
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 3 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 OSPF 10.0.2.2/32 OSPF 10.0.12.0/24 OSPF Proto 10 10 10 1 1563 1563 Routes : 3 Pre Cost D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
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HCDA-HNTD Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
Test network connectivity between R3 and R1 and between R3 and R2.

Check the OSPF neighbor status.

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R2]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial1/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R3]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.1 Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verify that the OSPF process ID and router ID of each router is correct and the neighbor relationships are in full state.
Step 4
Import
external
routes
and
verify
the
configuration.
Run the import-route command on R3 to import direct routes.
[R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]import-route direct
View routing tables of R1 and R2. R1 and R2 have learned the route 10.0.3.0/24 and 172.16.0.0/24.
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Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 OSPF 10.0.3.0/24 O_ASE 10.0.3.3/32 OSPF
Proto 10 10
Pre Cost 1562 1 D D D D
Flags NextHop 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3
Interface
Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150 1 150 1
172.16.0.0/24 O_ASE
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 5 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 172.16.0.0/24 Proto OSPF O_ASE OSPF O_ASE Routes : 5 Pre Cost 10 150 10 10 150 1562 1 1563 1563 1 Flags NextHop D D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 OSPF
The routes in grey are imported routes. The value of Proto is O_ASE, indicating an external route. Run the ping command with the source address specified to test network connectivity.
[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=35 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=33 ms
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--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 33/33/35 ms [R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=35 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=33 ms Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=33 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 33/33/35 ms
Run the display ospf lsdb command to view the LSDB of R1.
[R1]display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.0 Type Router Router Sum-Net Sum-Net Sum-Net Sum-Asbr LinkState ID 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1 10.0.13.0 10.0.3.3 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3 AdvRouter 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 Area: 0.0.0.1 Type Router Router Network Sum-Net LinkState ID 10.0.3.3 10.0.1.1 10.0.13.1 10.0.12.0 AdvRouter 10.0.3.3 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.1 Age Len 394 48 719 48 719 32 1022 28 Sequence 80000005 80000006 80000002 80000001 Metric 1 1 0 1562 Age Len 908 60 918 48 1022 28 720 28 1016 28 393 28 Sequence 80000003 80000003 80000001 80000001 80000001 80000001 Metric 1562 1562 1 1 0 1
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Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration 1562
80000001
AS External Database Type External External External LinkState ID 10.0.3.0 10.0.13.0 172.16.0.0 AdvRouter 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3 10.0.3.3 Age Len 395 36 395 36 395 36 Sequence 80000001 80000001 80000001 Metric 1 1 1
The preceding information is the brief information about the LSDB. The LSDB contains one ASBR-summary-LSA (Type4 LSA) and three AS-external-LSAs (Type5 LSAs). You can also run the following commands to view detailed information about LSAs. The following three commands display the Type3 LSA, Type4 LSA, and Type5 LSA respectively.
[R1]display ospf lsdb summary 10.0.3.3 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Area: 0.0.0.0 Link State Database
Type Ls id Adv rtr Ls age Len Options seq# chksum
: Sum-Net : 10.0.3.3 : 10.0.1.1 : 869 : 28 : E : 80000001 : 0x4cf3
Net mask : 255.255.255.255 Tos 0 metric: 1 Priority : Low Area: 0.0.0.1 Link State Database
[R1]display ospf lsdb asbr OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Area: 0.0.0.0 Link State Database
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: Sum-Asbr : 10.0.3.3 : 10.0.1.1 : 591 : 28 : E : 80000001 : 0x3e01 Area: 0.0.0.1 Link State Database
Tos 0 metric: 1
[R1]display ospf lsdb ase 172.16.0.0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Link State Database
: External : 172.16.0.0 : 10.0.3.3 : 607 : 36 : E : 80000001 : 0xf70c
Net mask : 255.255.255.0 TOS 0 Metric: 1 E type Tag : 2 : 1 Forwarding Address : 0.0.0.0 Priority : Low
Step 5
Configure OSPF authentication and verify the
configuration.
Configure S1/0/0 on R1 in interface authentication mode, use the plain text, and set the password to Huawei.
HCDA-HNTD [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei
On R1, check the neighbor status.

[R1]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.1 Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.3.3 State Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R1 and R2 cannot establish an OSPF neighbor relationship because they use different OSPF authentication modes. Configure S1/0/0 on R2 in interface authentication mode, use the plain text, and set the password to Huawei.
[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei

[R1-Serial1/0/0]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3 State Full Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R1 and R2 can reestablish an OSPF neighbor relationship because they use the same authentication modes and passwords. Configure area authentication, MD5 encryption, and password Huawei in cipher text in area 1 on R1.
[R1]ospf 1 [R1-ospf-1]area 1 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei

HCDA-HNTD
[R1]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial1/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.2.2 State Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R1 and R3 cannot establish an OSPF neighbor relationship because they use different OSPF authentication modes. Configure area authentication, MD5 encryption, and password Huawei in cipher text in area 1 on R3.
[R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]area 1 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
R1 and R3 can reestablish an OSPF neighbor relationship because they use the same authentication modes and passwords.

Information in step 4:
10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 O_ASE OSPF 150 10 1 1563 D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0
The preceding routes have the same source interface, Loopback0 on R3. Other routers learn two routes. Does this lead to any problem and how to solve this problem? Analyze Type4 LSA generation, transfer, and conversion.
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[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0.0.0.1 authentication-mode md5 1 cipher gg^dP=F.[>=H)H2[EInB~.2# network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2
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area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack2 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3 import-route direct area 0.0.0.1 authentication-mode md5 1 cipher gg^dP=F.[>=H)H2[EInB~.2# network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255 # return
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Chapter 5 RIP and OSPF Route Import

Lab 5-1 RIP and OSPF Route Import Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Route import advantages Method used to import OSPF routes to RIP Method used to import RIP routes to OSPF
Topology
Figure 5.1 Topology for OSPF and RIP route import
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company, and the company network uses RIPv2 and OSPF. RIP needs to import OSPF routes and OSPF needs to import RIP routes to enable communication between RIP-enabled devices and OSPF-enabled devices. The metrics of different routing protocols are different.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24 [R1- GigabitEthernet 0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface serial1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [R3-LoopBack0]interface loopback 2
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HCDA-HNTD [R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.0.1 24 [R3-LoopBack2]interface LoopBack 3 [R3-LoopBack3]ip address 172.16.1.1 24 [R3-LoopBack3]interface LoopBack 4 [R3-LoopBack4]ip address 172.16.2.1 24 [R3-LoopBack4]interface LoopBack 5 [R3-LoopBack5]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
Step 2
Configure OSPF and verify the OSPF configuration.
Enable OSPF on R1 and R2 and add them to area 0.

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2 [R2-ospf-1]area 0 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255
View routing tables of R1 and R2. The following information shows that R1 has learned a route to another network segment using OSPF.
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 1 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 Proto OSPF Routes : 1 Pre Cost 10 1562 Flags NextHop D 10.0.12.2 Interface Serial1/0/0
R2 is directly connected to network segments in the OSPF area; therefore, R2 does not learn other routes using OSPF.
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Step 3
Configure
RIPv2
and
verify
the
RIPv2
configuration.
Enable RIPv2 process 1 on R1, and specify the network segment 10.0.0.0 in RIP process 1.
[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
Enable RIPv2 process 1 on R3, and specify network segments 172.16.0.0 and 10.0.0.0 in RIP process 1.
[R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]version 2 [R3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R3-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
View routing tables of R1 and R3. The following information shows that R1 has learned the corresponding routes using RIP.
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 5 Routes : 5
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 5 Destination/Mask 10.0.3.0/24 RIP 172.16.0.0/24 RIP 172.16.1.0/24 RIP 172.16.2.0/24 RIP 172.16.3.0/24 RIP Proto 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 Routes : 5 Pre Cost D D D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
RIP routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
[R3]display ip routing-table protocol rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 RIP 10.0.12.0/24 RIP Proto 100 1 100 1 Routes : 2 Pre Cost D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Step 4
Import RIPv2 and OSPF routes and verify the
configuration.
R2 and R3 do not learn routes from each other because they belong to different routing areas. On R1, import RIP routes into the OSPF routing table.
[R1]ospf 1 [R1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 cost 100
On R1, import OSPF routes into the RIP routing domain.

[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 cost 1
View the routing tables of R1, R2, and R3.

[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 20 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 Proto Routes : 20 Pre Cost 0 0 0 D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface
LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
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Chapter 5 RIP and OSPF Route Import OSPF RIP 10 1562 D D D D D D D D D D D 0 D D D D D D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.0.12.2 10.0.13.3 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 10.0.13.3 127.0.0.1 Serial1/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24
100 1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 RIP RIP RIP RIP
100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
The R1 routing table remains unchanged after route import. This is because R1 is located in both OSPF and RIP routing domains. Before routes are imported, R1 has learned all the routes. R2 and R3 have learned the following routes.
OSPF routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 7 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 172.16.0.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 Proto O_ASE O_ASE O_ASE O_ASE O_ASE O_ASE Routes : 7 Pre Cost 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 O_ASE
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HCDA-HNTD OSPF routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 3 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 3 Pre Cost 100 1 100 2 100 1 D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 10.0.13.1 Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.12.0/24 RIP
Test network connectivity. On R2, run the ping command specifying the source address.
[R2]ping -c 1 -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=44 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 44/44/44 ms [R2]ping -c 1 -a 10.0.2.2 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=44 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 44/44/44 ms
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Configure RIP route aggregation on G0/0/0 of R3.

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
View routing tables of R1 and R2 and compare routing tables in this step with the routing tables in step 3.
[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 17 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24 RIP Proto Routes : 17 Pre Cost 0 0 0 1562 D 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 100 1 10
10.0.13.3
GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 172.16.0.0/22 RIP 100 1 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
10.0.13.1
10.0.13.3
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : OSPF Destinations : 4 Routes : 4
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Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 172.16.0.0/22
Proto O_ASE O_ASE O_ASE
Pre Cost 150 150 150 150 100 100 100 100
Flags NextHop D D D D 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1 10.0.12.1
Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0
10.0.13.0/24 O_ASE
R1 and R2 learn the aggregated route 172.16.0.0/22 but not the specific route 172.16.0.0/24.

An external route refers to a route imported from another routing protocol. How do OSPF and RIP identify external routes? What is the difference between external routes and routes learned by a protocol? Which types of routes are more reliable? Can route aggregation be performed on R1? The default configurations are used for route import. Which parameters are optional when RIP routes are imported into OSPF? What are the functions of these parameters?
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
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ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 import-route rip 1 cost 100 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 import-route ospf 1 cost 1 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255 network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0 rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0
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HCDA-HNTD # interface LoopBack2 ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack3 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack4 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack5 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0 # return
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Chapter 6 Ethernet and STP

Lab 6-1 Ethernet Interface and Link Configuration Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Statistics on an Ethernet interface Interface rate and duplex mode Method used to configure the Ethernet interface rate and duplex
mode Method used to configure manual link aggregation
Topology
Figure 6.1 Switch topology
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company that has two Huawei S5700 switches. You need to commission the switches. The Ethernet interface rate and duplex mode will be tested.
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Tasks Step 1 Perform basic configurations on Ethernet
switches.
Auto-negotiation is enabled on Huawei switch interfaces by default. In this example, the rate and duplex mode of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1 and S2 are set manually. Change the system name and view detailed information about G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1.
<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/9 Interface Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6 Port Mode: COMMON COPPER Speed : 1000, Loopback: NONE Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: ENABLE Mdi : AUTO Last 300 seconds input rate 752 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 720 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Input peak rate 1057259144 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58 Output peak rate 1057267232 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58 Input: 11655141 packets, 960068100 bytes Unicast Broadcast CRC Jabbers Runts Alignments Ignoreds Discard Unicast Broadcast Collisions : : : : : : : : : : : 70,Multicast 6643714,Jumbo 0,Giants 0,Throttles 0,DropEvents 0,Symbols 0,Frames 69,Total Error 345,Multicast 6642808,Jumbo 0,Deferreds : : : : : : : : : : : 0 0 0 0 0 0 5009016 0 0 5011357 0
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Chapter 6 Ethernet and STP 0,ExcessiveCollisions: 0 5,Total Error : 0 0
Late Collisions: Buffers Purged : Discard :
Input bandwidth utilization threshold : 100.00% Output bandwidth utilization threshold: 100.00% Input bandwidth utilization : 0.01% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.00% [S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Interface Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6 Port Mode: COMMON COPPER Speed : 1000, Loopback: NONE Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: ENABLE Mdi : AUTO Last 300 seconds input rate 1312 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 72 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Input peak rate 1057256792 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58 Output peak rate 1057267296 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58 Input: 11651829 packets, 959852817 bytes Unicast Broadcast CRC Jabbers Runts Alignments Ignoreds Discard Unicast Broadcast Collisions : : : : : : : : : : : 115,Multicast 6642648,Jumbo 3,Giants 0,Throttles 0,DropEvents 0,Symbols 0,Frames 218,Total Error 245,Multicast 6643751,Jumbo 0,Deferreds 0 107,Total Error : 0 : : : : : : : : : : : 0 0 0 4 0 7 5011284 0 0 0 5009062 0
Late Collisions: Buffers Purged : Discard :
0,ExcessiveCollisions:
Input bandwidth utilization threshold : 100.00% Output bandwidth utilization threshold: 100.00% Input bandwidth utilization : 0.01% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.00%
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Set the rate of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1 to 100 Mbit/s and configure them to work in full duplex mode.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 Info: Please undo negotiation first. [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo negotiation auto [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]speed 100 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]duplex full Warning:Configuration is repeated. [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiation auto [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed 100 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]duplex full Warning:Configuration is repeated. [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]
Before changing the interface rate and duplex mode, disable auto-negotiation. If the interface has been configured to work in full duplex mode, the preceding alarm is displayed when you enter the duplex full command. Set the rate of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S2 to 100 Mbit/s and configure them to work in full duplex mode.
[S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo negotiation auto [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]speed 100 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]duplex full Warning:Configuration is repeated. [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiation auto [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed 100 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]duplex full Warning:Configuration is repeated.
Verify the rate and duplex mode of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1.
[S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/9 Interface Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6
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Port Mode: COMMON COPPER Speed : 100, Loopback: NONE Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: DISABLE Mdi : AUTO output omit [S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Interface Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600 IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6 Port Mode: COMMON COPPER Speed : 100, Loopback: NONE Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: DISABLE Mdi : AUTO output omit
Step 2
Configure manual link aggregation.
Create Eth-Trunk 1 on S1 and S2. Delete the default configurations from G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1 and S2, and then add G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 to Eth-Trunk 1.
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ntdp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ndp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]bpdu disable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ntdp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ndp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]bpdu disable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1 [S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ntdp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ndp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]bpdu disable
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HCDA-HNTD [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ntdp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ndp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]bpdu disable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
Verify the Eth-Trunk configuration.

[S1]display eth-trunk 1 Eth-Trunk1's state information is: WorkingMode: NORMAL Operate status: up PortName GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 [S2]display eth-trunk 1 Eth-Trunk1's state information is: WorkingMode: NORMAL Operate status: up PortName GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Hash arithmetic: According to MAC Number Of Up Port In Trunk: 2 Status Up Up Weight 1 1 Least Active-linknumber: 1 Max Bandwidth-affected-linknumber: 8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Hash arithmetic: According to MAC Number Of Up Port In Trunk: 2 Status Up Up Weight 1 1 Least Active-linknumber: 1 Max Bandwidth-affected-linknumber: 8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The greyed lines in the preceding information indicate that the Eth-Trunk works properly.

When auto-negotiation is enabled on switches, which protocol is used? What is the working principle?
[S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1
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vlan batch 1 # stp mode rstp stp enable # cluster enable ntdp enable ndp enable # interface Eth-Trunk1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable undo negotiation auto speed 100 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable undo negotiation auto speed 100 # return [S2]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S2 # vlan batch 1 # stp mode rstp stp enable # cluster enable ntdp enable ndp enable # interface Eth-Trunk1
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HCDA-HNTD # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable undo negotiation auto speed 100 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable undo negotiation auto speed 100 # return
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Lab 6-2 STP Configuration Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Method used to enable and disable STP Difference between STP modes Method used to change the bridge priority to control root bridge
election Method used to change the port priority to control election of
the root port and designated port Method used to configure an edge port
Topology
Figure 6.2 STP topology
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company network consists of two layers: core layer and access layer. The network uses a redundancy design. STP will be used to prevent loops. STP has different modes. You can set the bridge priority to control STP root bridge election, and configure features to speed up STP route convergence at the edge network.
Tasks Step 1 Configure STP and verify the STP configuration.
Irrelevant interfaces must be disabled to ensure test result accuracy. Shut down E0/0/1 on S3 before starting STP configuration. Ensure that the devices start without any configuration files. If STP is disabled, run the stp enable command to enable STP.
[S1]stp enable [S2]stp enable [S3]stp enable [S4]stp enable
In the lab, traditional STP is used.

<Quidway>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]stp mode stp [S1]stp root secondary <Quidway>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]sysname S2 [S2]stp mode stp [S2]stp root primary <Quidway>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]sysname S3 [S3]stp mode stp
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<Quidway>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]sysname S4 [S4]stp mode stp
Run the display stp brief command to view brief information about STP.
[S1]display stp brief MSTID 0 0 0 0 Port GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/23 GigabitEthernet0/0/24 Role STP State ROOT FORWARDING ALTE DISCARDING DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING Protection NONE NONE NONE NONE
[S2]display stp brief MSTID 0 0 0 0 Port GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/13 GigabitEthernet0/0/14 Role STP State DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING Protection NONE NONE NONE NONE
[S3]display stp brief MSTID 0 0 Port Ethernet0/0/13 Ethernet0/0/23 Role STP State ROOT FORWARDING ALTE DISCARDING Protection NONE NONE
[S4]display stp brief MSTID 0 0 Port Ethernet0/0/14 Ethernet0/0/24 Role STP State ROOT FORWARDING ALTE DISCARDING Protection NONE NONE
Run the display stp interface command to view the STP status of a port.
[S1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 ----[CIST][Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][DISCARDING]---Port Protocol Port Role Port Priority Port Cost(Dot1T ) Desg. Bridge/Port Port Edged :enabled :Alternate Port :128 :Config=auto / Active=20000 :0.0018-82e1-aea6 / 128.10 :Config=default / Active=disabled
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HCDA-HNTD Point-to-point Transit Limit Protection Type Port Stp Mode Port Protocol Type PortTimes TC or TCN send BPDU Sent BPDU Received :2 :64 :24 :350601 TC or TCN received :Config=auto / Active=true :147 packets/hello-time :None :STP :Config=auto / Active=dot1s :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 24, MST: 0 TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 350601, MST: 0
Step 2
Control root bridge election.
Run the display stp command to view information about the root bridge.
[S2]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection CIST Root Type :0 :0 :0 :0.0 :disabled :PRIMARY root .0018-82e1-aea6 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
TC or TCN received :41 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Nomal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:6s
Configure S2 as the root bridge and S1 as the backup root bridge. The device with the same value of CIST Bridge and CIST Root/ERPC is the root bridge. A smaller bridge priority value indicates a higher bridge priority. Change the priorities of S1 and S2 to 4096 and 8192 respectively so that S1 becomes the root bridge.
[S1]undo stp root [S1]stp priority 4096
[S2]undo stp root [S2]stp priority 8192
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Run the display stp command to view information about the new root bridge.
[S1]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 :0.0 :disabled
TC or TCN received :62 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Nomal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:3s [S2]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 20000 :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 / 0 :128.9 :disabled
The greyed lines in the preceding information indicate that S1 has become the new root bridge. Shut down G0/0/9, G0/0/10, G0/0/13, and G0/0/14 on S1 to isolate S1.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/14 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]shutdown
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[S2]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 / 0 :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 / 0 :0.0 :disabled
The greyed lines in the preceding information indicate that S2 becomes the root bridge when S1 is faulty. Start the shutdown interfaces on S1.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/14 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]undo shutdown [S1]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 0 :0.0 :disabled
TC or TCN received :63 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Nomal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:6s [S2]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------CIST Bridge :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82
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Chapter 6 Ethernet and STP :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 :4096 .0018-82e1-aea6 / 20000 :8192 .0018-82e1-ae82 / 0 :128.9 :disabled
Bridge Times CIST Root/ERPC CIST RegRoot/IRPC CIST RootPortId BPDU-Protection
The greyed lines in the preceding information indicate that S1 has restored and became the root bridge.
Step 3
Control root port election.
Run the display stp brief command on S2 to view the roles of interfaces.
[S2]display stp brief MSTID 0 0 0 0 Port GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/23 GigabitEthernet0/0/24 Role STP State ROOT FORWARDING ALTE DISCARDING DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING Protection NONE NONE NONE NONE
The preceding information shows that G0/0/9 is the root port and G0/0/10 is the alternate port. You can change port priorities so that G0/0/10 becomes the root port and G0/0/9 becomes the alternate port. Change priorities of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1. The default port priority is 128. A larger port priority value indicates a lower priority. The priorities of G0/0/9 and G0/0/10 on S1 are set to 32 and 16; therefore, G0/0/10 on S2 becomes the root port.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port priority 32 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]stp port priority 16
Note that the port priorities are changed on S1, not S2.
[S1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 ----[CIST][Port9(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][FORWARDING]----
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HCDA-HNTD Port Protocol Port Role Port Priority Port Cost(Dot1T ) Desg. Bridge/Port Port Edged Point-to-point Transit Limit Protection Type Port Stp Mode Port Protocol Type PortTimes TC or TCN send BPDU Sent BPDU Received :0 :0 :229 :3 TC or TCN received :enabled :Designated Port :32 :Config=auto / Active=20000 :4096.0018-82e1-aea6 / 32.9 :Config=default / Active=disabled :Config=auto / Active=true :147 packets/hello-time :None :STP :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
:Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 20
TCN: 0, Config: 229, RST: 0, MST: 0 TCN: 1, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0 [S1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 ----[CIST][Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][FORWARDING]---Port Protocol Port Role Port Priority Port Cost(Dot1T ) Desg. Bridge/Port Port Edged Point-to-point Transit Limit Protection Type Port Stp Mode Port Protocol Type PortTimes TC or TCN send BPDU Sent BPDU Received :0 :0 :210 :3 TC or TCN received :enabled :Designated Port :16 :Config=auto / Active=20000 :4096.0018-82e1-aea6 / 16.10 :Config=default / Active=disabled :Config=auto / Active=true :147 packets/hello-time :None :STP :Config=auto / Active=dot1s :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 20
TCN: 0, Config: 210, RST: 0, MST: 0 TCN: 1, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0
Run the display stp brief command on S2 to view the role of interfaces..
[S2]display stp brief
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0
Chapter 6 Ethernet and STP Role STP State ALTE DISCARDING ROOT FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING
DESI FORWARDING NONE
Port GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 GigabitEthernet0/0/23

GigabitEthernet0/0/24
Protection NONE NONE NONE
The greyed lines in the preceding information indicate that G0/0/10 on S2 has become the root port and G0/0/9 has become the alternate port. Shut down G0/0/10 on S2 and view the port roles.
[S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown <S2>display stp brief MSTID 0 0 0 Port GigabitEthernet0/0/9 GigabitEthernet0/0/23 GigabitEthernet0/0/24 Role STP State ROOT FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING DESI FORWARDING Protection NONE NONE NONE
The greyed line in the preceding information indicates that G0/0/9 has become the root port.
Step 4
Configure an edge port.
Configure ports connected to the user terminals as edge ports. An edge port can transition to the forwarding state without participating in the STP calculation. In this example, E0/0/3 and E0/0/4 on S3 are configured as edge ports.
[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/3 [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp edged-port enable [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]interface Ethernet0/0/4 [S3-Ethernet0/0/4]stp edged-port enable
After the configurations are complete, connect the network cable of a computer to E0/0/3 on S3 and run the display stp brief command to view the port status. You can see that E0/0/2 enters the forwarding state immediately. When the network cable of the computer is connected to a non-edge port such as E0/0/5, the port enters the forwarding state about 30s after the link becomes Up.
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Why does root bridge election need to be controlled? How is root bridge election controlled? What is the transition process when a port changes from the blocking state to the forwarding state? How much time does the transition process take? Which method can be used to accelerate STP route convergence?
[S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # vlan batch 1 # stp mode stp stp instance 0 priority 4096 stp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 stp instance 0 port priority 32 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 stp instance 0 port priority 16 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14 ntdp enable
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bpdu enable # return
[S2]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S2 # vlan batch 1 # stp mode stp stp instance 0 priority 8192 stp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 shutdown ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # return [S3]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800
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HCDA-HNTD sysname S3 # stp mode stp stp enable # interface Ethernet0/0/1 shutdown bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/3 stp edged-port enable bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/4 stp edged-port enable bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/13 bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/23 bpdu enable # return [S4]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R005C01SPC100 sysname S4 # stp mode stp stp enable # interface Ethernet0/0/1 bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/14 bpdu enable # interface Ethernet0/0/24 bpdu enable # return
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Lab 6-3 VLAN Configuration Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: VLAN functions VLAN security VLAN configurations Access port and trunk port configuration Method used to add a port to a VLAN Hybrid port configuration
Topology
Figure 6.3 VLAN topology
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company and need to configure VLANs on the network. Your company has two switches.
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You need to configure VLANs and relevant features.
Tasks Step 1 Configure an Eth-Trunk.
Irrelevant interfaces must be disabled to ensure test result accuracy. In this lab, Ethernet0/0/1 and Ethernet0/0/23 on S3 and Ethernet0/0/14 on S4 need to be shut down. Two links exist between S1 and S2. If STP is enabled, one link will be disabled, which wastes bandwidth. If STP is not used, loops may occur. In this situation, you can configure an Eth-Trunk. Before configuring an Eth-Trunk, delete the original configurations on the member interfaces. You can add physical interfaces to an Eth-Trunk in the interface view or in the Eth-Trunk view. On S1, add interfaces to an Eth-Trunk in the interface view.
<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S1 [S1] interface eth-trunk 1 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S1]interface gigabitethernet0/0/9 [S1- gigabitethernet0/0/9]bpdu disable [S1- gigabitethernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S1- gigabitethernet0/0/9]quit [S1]interface gigabitethernet0/0/10 [S1- gigabitethernet0/0/10]bpdu disable [S1- gigabitethernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
On S2, add interfaces to an Eth-Trunk in the Eth-Trunk view.

<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S2 [S2]interface eth-trunk 1 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S2]interface gigabitethernet0/0/9 [S2- gigabitethernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S2- gigabitethernet0/0/9]quit [S2]interface gigabitethernet0/0/10
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[S2- gigabitethernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
Step 2
Set the link type to trunk.
By default, the link type of a interface is hybrid. You can change the link type to trunk. By default, a interface of trunk type rejects data from any VLANs. Enable STP on the Eth-Trunk.
[S1] interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk [S1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [S1-Eth-Trunk1]bpdu enable [S2] interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [S2-Eth-Trunk1]bpdu enable
Step 3
Configure VLANs.
Use S3, R1, R3, and S4 as hosts to perform the VLAN configuration. S3 belongs to VLAN 3, R1 and R3 belong to VLAN 4, and S4 belongs to VLAN 5. There are two methods to configure VLANs with consecutive IDs. There are two methods to define mapping between VLANs and interfaces.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [S1]vlan 3 [S1-vlan3]port GigabitEthernet0/0/13 [S1-vlan3]quit [S1]vlan 4 [S1-vlan4]port GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [S1-vlan4]quit [S1]vlan 5
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HCDA-HNTD [S1-vlan5]quit [S1] [S2]vlan batch 3 to 5 [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 4 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port default vlan 5
Step 4
Plan IP addresses.
Use S3, R1, R3, and S4 as clients to perform the VLAN configuration. Configure IP addresses for interfaces. Physical interfaces on switches cannot be configured with IP addresses, so VLANIF 1 is assigned an IP address.
<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S3 [S3]interface vlanif 1 [S3-vlanif1]ip address 10.0.3.3 24 [S3-vlanif1]quit <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.4.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.4.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit <Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S4 [S4]interface vlanif 1 [S4-vlanif1]ip address 10.0.5.4 24 [S4-vlanif1]quit
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Step 5
Perform a test.
Run the ping command. R1 and R3 in VLAN 4 can communicate with each other, and devices in different VLANs cannot communicate.
Test communication between R1 and S3, and between R3 and S4. Configure a management address for each VLAN on S1. By doing this, S1 connects to three clients that belong to VLAN 3, VLAN 4, and VLAN 5 respectively.
[S1]interface Vlanif 3 [S1-Vlanif3]ip address 10.0.3.11 24 [S1-Vlanif3]quit [S1]interface Vlanif 4 [S1-Vlanif4]ip address 10.0.4.11 24 [S1-Vlanif4]quit [S1]interface Vlanif 5 [S1-Vlanif5]ip address 10.0.5.11 24
After the configurations are complete, test communication between clients in VLANs on S1.
[S1]ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms
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Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 ms [S1]ping 10.0.4.1 PING 10.0.4.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.4.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S1]ping 10.0.4.3 PING 10.0.4.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.4.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.4.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.4.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S1]ping 10.0.5.4 PING 10.0.5.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
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--- 10.0.5.4 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Run the ping command. R1 and R3 in VLAN 4 can communicate with each other, and devices in different VLANs cannot communicate.
Test communication between R1 and S3, and between R3 and S4.
Step 6
Configure a hybrid interface.
A hybrid interface is similar to a trunk interface, but it allows users in different VLANs to communicate if these users are on the same network segment. Change IP addresses of S3 and R3.
[S3]interface Vlanif 1 [S3-Vlanif3]ip address 10.0.6.3 24 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.6.4 24
Set the link type of G0/0/13 on S1 to hybrid and configure VLAN 3 as its default VLAN. Add G0/0/13 to VLAN 3 and VLAN 4 in untagged mode. Before changing the interface type, delete any existing configuration on the interface.
[S1] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
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HCDA-HNTD [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]undo port default vlan [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-type hybrid [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port hybrid pvid vlan 3 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port hybrid untagged vlan 3 to 4 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]quit
Set the link type of G0/0/3 on S2 to hybrid and configure VLAN 4 as its default VLAN. Add G0/03 to VLAN 3 and VLAN 4 in untagged mode.
[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]undo port default vlan [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type hybrid [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid pvid vlan 4 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port hybrid untagged vlan 3 to 4 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
S3 and R3 can communicate even though they are located in different network segments.
[S3]ping 10.0.6.4 PING 10.0.6.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.6.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.6.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.6.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.6.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.6.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.6.4 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

In which scenario is a hybrid interface used?
[S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800
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HCDA-HNTD sysname S1 #
vlan batch 1 3 to 5 # interface Vlanif1 # interface Vlanif3 ip address 10.0.3.11 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif4 ip address 10.0.4.11 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif5 ip address 10.0.5.11 255.255.255.0 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 4 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13 port hybrid pvid vlan 3 port hybrid untagged vlan 3 to 4 ntdp enable
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HCDA-HNTD ndp enable bpdu enable # interface NULL0 # return [S2]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S2 # vlan batch 1 3 to 5 # interface Vlanif1 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port hybrid pvid vlan 4 port hybrid untagged vlan 3 to 4 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24 port link-type access port default vlan 5
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ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # return [S3]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S3 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.6.3 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/13 bpdu enable # return [S4]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S4 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.5.4 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/24 bpdu enable # return [R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.4.1 255.255.255.0 # return [R3]display current-configuration
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HCDA-HNTD [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ip address 10.0.6.4 255.255.255.0 # return
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Chapter 7 Layer3 Configuration and VRRP

Lab 7-1 Configuring Layer 3 Switching Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Layer 3 switching advantages Similarities and differences between Layer 3 switching and Layer
3 routing Method of configuring VLANIF interfaces Method of configuring communication between VLANs Method of configuring Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) between
VLANIF interfaces
Topology
Figure 7.1 Lab topology of Layer 3 switching
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company and the current network of your company has four users: S3, R1, R3, and S4. The users belong to different virtual local area networks (VLANs). S3 belongs to VLAN 3, R1 belongs to VLAN 4, R3 belongs to VLAN 6, and S4 belongs to VLAN 7. Users in these VLANs can communicate with each other. S1 and S2 communicate with each other through a Layer 3 link, so routing protocols are used.
Tasks Step 1 Configure the links between S1 and S2 as
Eth-Trunk links.
Irrelevant interfaces must be disabled to ensure test result accuracy. In this example, Ethernet0/0/1 and Ethernet0/0/23 of S3 and Ethernet0/0/14 of S4 must be disabled.
<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]bpdu disable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ndp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ntdp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]bpdu disable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ndp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ntdp enable [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1 <Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S2 [S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
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[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]bpdu disable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ndp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo ntdp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]bpdu disable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ndp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo ntdp enable [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
Step 2 S2.
Configure VLAN 3 to VLAN 7 in batches for S1 and
[S1]vlan batch 3 to 7 [S2]vlan batch 3 to 7
Check the creation of VLANs

[S1]display vlan The total number of vlans is : 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged; MP: Vlan-mapping; #: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; ST: Vlan-stacking; *: Management-vlan;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------VID Type 1 Ports GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/10(U) GE0/0/14(U) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/22(U) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/23(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/24(D)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/9(U) GE0/0/13(U) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/21(U) 3 4 5 6 7 common common common common common
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HCDA-HNTD VID Status Property 1 3 4 5 6 7 enable default enable default enable default enable default enable default enable default
MAC-LRN Statistics Description enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable VLAN 0001 VLAN 0003 VLAN 0004 VLAN 0005 VLAN 0006 VLAN 0007
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[S2]display vlan The total number of vlans is : 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged; MP: Vlan-mapping; #: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; ST: Vlan-stacking; *: Management-vlan;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------VID Type 1 Ports GE0/0/2(U) GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/10(U) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/3(U) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/11(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/23(U) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/16(D) GE0/0/20(D) GE0/0/24(U)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------common UT:GE0/0/1(U) GE0/0/5(D) GE0/0/9(U) GE0/0/13(D) GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/21(D) 3 4 5 6 7 common common common common common MAC-LRN Statistics Description enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable enable disable VLAN 0001 VLAN 0003 VLAN 0004 VLAN 0005 VLAN 0006 VLAN 0007
VID Status Property 1 3 4 5 6 7 enable default enable default enable default enable default enable default enable default
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Step 3
Set the types of Eth-Trunk links between S1 and
S2 to access. The links belong to VLAN 5.

Add G0/0/1 and G0/0/13 of S1 to VLAN 4 and VLAN 3 respectively, and add G0/0/3 and G0/0/24 of S2 to VLAN 6 and VLAN 7 respectively.
[S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type access [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port default vlan 5 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 6 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port default vlan 7
Step 4
Configure gateway IP addresses for the VLANs of
S1 and S2.
S1 provides gateway services for VLAN 3 to VLAN 5, while S2 provides gateway services for VLAN 5 to VLAN 7. Therefore, configure IP addresses for VLANIF 3, VLANIF 4, and VLANIF 5 on S1, and configure IP addresses for VLANIF 5, VLANIF 6, and VLANIF 7 on S2.
[S1]interface Vlanif 3 [S1-Vlanif3]ip address 10.0.3.1 24 [S1-Vlanif3]quit [S1]interface Vlanif 4 [S1-Vlanif4]ip address 10.0.4.1 24 [S1-Vlanif4]quit [S1]interface Vlanif 5 [S1-Vlanif5]ip address 10.0.5.1 24 [S2]interface Vlanif 5 [S2-Vlanif5]ip address 10.0.5.2 24 [S2-Vlanif5]quit [S2]interface Vlanif 6
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HCDA-HNTD [S2-Vlanif6]ip address 10.0.6.1 24 [S2-Vlanif6]quit [S2]interface Vlanif 7 [S2-Vlanif7]ip address 10.0.7.1 24
Step 5
Configure IP addresses and default routes for S3,
R1, R3, and S4.

<Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S3 [S3]interface Vlanif 1 [S3-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.3.33 24 [S3-Vlanif1]quit [S3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.3.1
Note: Physical interfaces on switches cannot be configured with IP addresses, so IP addresses are configured for VLANIF interfaces. S3 belongs to VLAN 3 on S1; however, E0/0/13 on S3 belongs to VLAN 1. In this case, configure an IP address for VLANIF 1 on S3 so that S3 belongs to VLAN 3. The configuration of S4 is similar.
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.4.11 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.4.1 <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.6.33 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.6.1 <Quidway>system-view [Quidway]sysname S4 [S4]interface Vlanif 1 [S4-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.7.44 24 [S4-Vlanif1]quit [S4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.7.1
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Step 6
Test connectivity between VLAN 3 and VLAN 4.
Test connectivity between S3 and R1.

Test connectivity between R3 and R1.

R1 and R3 fail to communicate with each other. Run the tracert command to troubleshoot the fault:
[R1]tracert 10.0.6.33 traceroute to to break 1 10.0.4.1 61 ms !N 3 ms !N 3 ms !N 10.0.6.33(10.0.6.33), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C
According to the command output, R1 has sent the data packet to the destination address 10.0.6.33, but the gateway at 10.0.4.1 responds
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that the network is unreachable. Then check whether the network is unreachable on the gateway (S1).
[S1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 8 Destination/Mask 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.1/32 10.0.4.0/24 10.0.4.1/32 10.0.5.0/24 10.0.5.1/32 127.0.0.0/8 Routes : 8 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D 10.0.3.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.4.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.5.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Vlanif3 InLoopBack0 Vlanif4 InLoopBack0 Vlanif5 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Proto Pre Cost Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0
According to the command output, S1 does not have a route to the network segment 10.0.6.0 because the network segment is not directly connected to S1. In addition, no static route or dynamic routing protocol is configured.
Step 7
[S1]ospf 1
Enable OSPF on S1 and S2.
[SW2-ospf-1]area 0 [S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[S2]ospf 1 [SW2-ospf-1]area 0 [S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
After the configuration, wait until S1 and S2 exchange OSPF routes. View the routing table of S1.
[S1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 10 Destination/Mask 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.1/32 10.0.4.0/24 10.0.4.1/32 10.0.5.0/24 10.0.5.1/32 10.0.6.0/24 10.0.7.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 Routes : 10 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.3.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.4.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.5.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.5.2 10.0.5.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Vlanif3 InLoopBack0 Vlanif4 InLoopBack0 Vlanif5 InLoopBack0 Vlanif5 Vlanif5 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Proto Pre Cost Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF OSPF 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0
Direct 0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0
S1 has learned two routes using OSPF. Test connectivity between R1 and R3.
[R1]ping 10.0.6.33 PING 10.0.6.33: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=8 ms Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=2 ms --- 10.0.6.33 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/3/8 ms [R1]ping 10.0.7.44 PING 10.0.7.44: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=12 ms Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=4 ms --- 10.0.7.44 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received
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HCDA-HNTD 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 4/5/12 ms

If the links between S1 and S2 are trunk links, can users in VLANs communicate with each other without using any routing protocols?
[S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # vlan batch 1 3 to 7 # interface Vlanif1 # interface Vlanif3 ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0 #
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interface Vlanif4 ip address 10.0.4.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif5 ip address 10.0.5.1 255.255.255.0 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type access port default vlan 5 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 4 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13 port link-type access port default vlan 3 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # return
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HCDA-HNTD [S2]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S2 # vlan batch 1 3 to 7 # interface Vlanif1 # interface Vlanif5 ip address 10.0.5.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif6 ip address 10.0.6.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif7 ip address 10.0.7.1 255.255.255.0 # interface MEth0/0/1 # interface Eth-Trunk1 port link-type access port default vlan 5 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 6 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 eth-trunk 1 undo ntdp enable undo ndp enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24 port link-type access
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port default vlan 7 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # return
[S3]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S3 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.3.33 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/13 bpdu enable # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.3.1 # return
[S4]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S4 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.7.44 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/24 bpdu enable # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.7.1 # return
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[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.4.11 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.4.1 # return
[R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ip address 10.0.6.33 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.6.1 # return
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Lab 7-2 Configuring the VRRP Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: Functions of load balancing Working principles of the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
(VRRP) Method of configuring one VRRP group on a Layer 3 switching
network Method of configuring VRRP authentication Method of configuring VRRP to trace the interface status Method of using VRRP to implement load balancing
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Topology
R1
G0/0/1 G0/0/2
S1
G0/0/1 G0/0/10 G0/0/10
G0/0/1
S2
G0/0/2
G0/0/3
G0/0/1
R2
R3
G0/0/2
Figure 7.2 Lab topology of the VRRP configuration
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company and the current network of your company has two users: R2 and R3. A loopback interface of R1 simulates an Internet server. The network has two gateways, and you use VRRP to implement gateway redundancy.
Tasks Step 1 Perform basic configurations and IP addressing.
Irrelevant interfaces must be disabled to ensure test result accuracy. In this lab, GigabitEthernet0/0/9, GigabitEthernet0/0/13 and GigabitEthernet0/0/14 on S1 need to be shut down. The user network uses VLAN 1; S1 connects to R1 using VLAN 2; S2 connects to R1 using VLAN 3; a loopback interface has been configured
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on R1; IP addresses and default gateways have been configured on R2 and R3. The router R1 simulates a wide area network (WAN), while its loopback interface simulates a server on the WAN.
[Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface LoopBack 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 [R1-LoopBack0]quit [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.11.2 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.12.2 24
The router R2 simulates one PC on a local area network (LAN), using the network segment 10.0.123.0/24 and the gateway 10.0.123.1. The router R3 simulates another PC on the LAN, using the network segment 10.0.123.0/24 and the gateway 10.0.123.1.
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.123.4 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.123.1 <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.123.5 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.123.1
Create VLAN 1 to VLAN 3 on the switch S1. The default link type of interfaces is hybrid. Configure G0/0/10 as a Trunk interface and configure it to allow all VLANs. Configure G0/0/1 as an access interface and add it to VLAN 2. Configure G0/0/2 as an access interface and add it to VLAN 1. Create VLANIF 1 to provide gateway for VLAN 1 and assign IP address 10.0.123.2/24 to VLANIF 1. Create VLANIF 2 as a Layer 3 link connecting to R1 and assign IP address 10.0.11.1/24 to VLANIF 2.
<Huawei>system-view
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HCDA-HNTD [Huawei]sysname S1 [S1]vlan batch 1 to 3 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type trunk
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [S1]interface Vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.123.2 24 [S1-Vlanif1]quit [S1]interface vlanif 2 [S1-Vlanif2]ip address 10.0.11.1 24
Create VLAN 1 to VLAN 3 for the switch S2. The interfaces by default adopt the hybrid mode. Define G0/0/10 as a Trunk interface to allow the access of all VLANs. Define G0/0/1 as an access interface belonging to VLAN 3. Define G0/0/3 as an access interface belonging to VLAN 1. Set the IP address of VLANIF 1 to 10.0.123.3/24 and use VLANIF 1 to provide gateway services for VLAN 1. Set the IP address of VLANIF 2 to 10.0.12.1/24 and use VLANIF 2 as a Layer 3 link for connecting to R1.
<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname S2 [S2]vlan batch 1 to 3 [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type trunk [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 3 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 1 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
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[S2]interface Vlanif 1 [S2-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.123.3 24 [S2-Vlanif1]quit [S2]interface Vlanif 3 [S2-Vlanif3]ip address 10.0.12.1 24
After completing the configuration, test connectivity of direct links. Use the ping command to test the connections to S1, R1, R2, and R3 on S2. Use -c 1 in the ping command to configure the system to send only one ping packet. If you do not use this parameter, the system sends five packets by default.
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms [S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.2 PING 10.0.123.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.123.2 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.4 PING 10.0.123.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.123.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.123.4 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.5
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HCDA-HNTD PING 10.0.123.5: 56
data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.123.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.123.5 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 2
Configure
the
OSPF
routing
protocol
to
implement the route connectivity between S1, S2, and R1.

[S1]ospf 1 [S1-ospf-1]area 0 [S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit [S1-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif 1 [S2]ospf 1 [S2-ospf-1]area 0 [S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit [S2-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif 1 [R1]ospf 1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
After completing the configuration, wait until the network convergence is complete. Then test the network connectivity.
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.11.1 PING 10.0.11.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.11.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
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[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S2]ping -c 1 10.0.12.2 PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 3
Configure
VRRP
to
implement
gateway
redundancy.
Configure VRRP on S1. Create VRRP group 1 and set its priority to 105. By default, the priority is 100.
[S1]interface Vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.0.123.1 [S1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 105 [S2]interface Vlanif 1 [S2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.0.123.1
After the configuration, run the ping command on R2 and R3 to test whether they can communicate with the simulated Internet server.
[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
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HCDA-HNTD 1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms [R3]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=7 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 7/7/7 ms
Check the VRRP state on S1.

[S1]display vrrp Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1 State : Master Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1 PriorityRun : 105 PriorityConfig : 105 MasterPriority : 105 Preempt : YES TimerRun : 1 TimerConfig : 1 Auth Type : NONE Virtual Mac : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Config track link-bfd down-number : 0 Delay Time : 0
Currently, R2 and R3 send data packets to the Internet server through S1. Shut down VLANIF 1 on S1, and then test whether the traffic can be switched to S2.
[S1]interface Vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]shutdown
Run the ping command on R2 and R3 to test whether they can communicate with the simulated Internet server.
[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1
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PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms [R3]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms
S1 stops running at present. Check the VRRP state on S1 and S2.

[S1]display vrrp Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1 State : Initialize Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1 PriorityRun : 105 PriorityConfig : 105 MasterPriority : 0 Preempt : YES TimerRun : 1 TimerConfig : 1 Auth Type : NONE Virtual Mac : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Config track link-bfd down-number : 0 [S2]display vrrp Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1 State : Master Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1 PriorityRun : 100 PriorityConfig : 100 Delay Time : 0
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HCDA-HNTD MasterPriority : 100 Preempt : YES TimerRun : 1 TimerConfig : 1 Auth Type : NONE Virtual Mac : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Config track link-bfd down-number : 0 Delay Time : 0
Step 4
Configure interface tracking.
Enable the VLANIF 1 interface on S1. Specify G0/0/1 for S1 and S2 to track.
[S1]interface Vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]undo shutdown

[S1-Vlanif1]disp vrrp Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1 State : Master Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1 PriorityRun : 105 PriorityConfig : 105 MasterPriority : 105 Preempt : YES TimerRun : 1 TimerConfig : 1 Auth Type : NONE Virtual Mac : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Config track link-bfd down-number : 0 Delay Time : 0
Currently, R2 and R3 send data to the Internet server through S1. If G0/0/1 of S1 or G0/0/1 of R1 is disabled, traffic cannot be switched to S2. Disable G0/0/1 of S1.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown
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[S1]display vrrp brief VRID State 1 Master Interface Vlanif1 Type Virtual IP -------------------------------------------------------Normal 10.0.123.1
Note: You can use the brief parameter to display only the brief information. Test connectivity between R2 and the Internet server.
[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
The command output shows that R2 cannot communicate with the Internet server. Enable G0/0/1 of S1.
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Configure VRRP to track G0/0/1 on S1 and S2. If G0/0/1 of S1 is disabled, the VRRP priority of S1 is reduced by 10. In this case, S2 replaces S1 as the VRRP master device.
[S1]interface Vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 10 [S2]interface Vlanif 1 [S2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 10
Test the network connectivity. R2 can communicate with the Internet server.
[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms
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Disable G0/0/1 of S1.

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown
Test connectivity between R2 and the Internet server.

[R2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms
R2 can communicate with the Internet server. Check the VRRP state on S1.
[S1]display vrrp Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1 State : Backup Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1 PriorityRun : 95 PriorityConfig : 105 MasterPriority : 100 Preempt : YES TimerRun : 1 TimerConfig : 1 Auth Type : NONE Virtual Mac : 0000-5e00-0101 Check TTL : YES Config type : normal-vrrp Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/1 IF State : DOWN Config track link-bfd down-number : 0 priority reduced : 10 Delay Time : 0
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The configuration in this lab implements the redundancy of two Layer 3 switches, which can effectively prevent single-point failures. However, only one Layer 3 switch processes services, resulting in resource waste. Design a scheme based on the current topology to implement redundancy and load balancing.
[S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # vlan batch 1 to 3 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.123.2 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.0.123.1 vrrp vrid 1 priority 105 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface Vlanif2 ip address 10.0.11.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 shutdown port link-type access port default vlan 2 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
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HCDA-HNTD port link-type access ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface NULL0 # ospf 1 silent-interface Vlanif1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 # return
[S2]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S2 # vlan batch 1 to 3 # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.123.3 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.0.123.1 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 # interface Vlanif3 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 3
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ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # ospf 1 silent-interface Vlanif1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 # return
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.11.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 #
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[R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.123.4 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.123.1 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 # return
[R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ip address 10.0.123.5 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.123.1 # user-interface con 0 user-interface vty 0 4 user-interface vty 16 20 # return
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Chapter 8 WAN Configuration

Lab 8-1 HDLC and PPP Configuration Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: WAN technologies PPP implementation Method used to configure HDLC on a serial link Method used to change the clock frequency on a serial link Method used to configure PPP on a serial link Method used to configure PAP authentication on the PPP link Method used to configure CHAP authentication on the PPP link Negotiation on the PPP link
Topology
Figure 8.1 HDLC and PPP configuration
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Scenario
You are a network administrator of a company. R1, R2, R3 in 0 are routers. R1 is located in the headquarters, and R2 and R3 are located in two branches. The headquarters and branches need to be interconnected. Use HDLC and PPP on WAN links and use different authentication modes to ensure security.
Tasks Step 1 Configure IP addresses.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]quit [R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.3 24
Step 2
Enable HDLC on serial interfaces.
[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol hdlc Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R1-Serial1/0/0]
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[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol hdlc Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R2-Serial1/0/0]quit [R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol hdlc Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R2-Serial2/0/0] [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol hdlc Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R3-Serial2/0/0]
After HDLC is enabled the on serial interfaces, view the serial interface status. Use the display on R1 as an example.
[R1]display interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-09 14:42:26 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is nonstandard HDLC Last physical up time : 2011-10-09 14:39:44 Last physical down time : 2011-10-09 14:39:43 Current system time: 2011-10-09 14:43:14 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 257 packets, 3856 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0 0 0, no buffers: 0
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
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Test connectivity of the directly connected link after verifying that the physical status and protocol status of the interface are Up.
Step 3
[R1]rip
Configure RIPv2.
[R1-rip-1]version 2 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R2]rip [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
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[R3-rip-1]version 2 [R3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
After the configurations are complete, check whether all the routes are learned. Verify that corresponding routes are learned by RIP.
[R1]disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 8 Destination/Mask Proto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D Routes : 8 Pre Cost D D D Flags NextHop 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 10.0.23.0/24 RIP 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
100 1
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0
On R1, run the ping command to test connectivity between R1 and R3.
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Step 4
View the type of the cable connected to the serial
interface, interface status, and clock frequency, and change the clock frequency.
[R2]display interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-09 16:25:55 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.2/24 Link layer protocol is nonstandard HDLC Last physical up time : 2011-10-09 16:25:55 Last physical down time : 2011-10-09 16:25:55 Current system time: 2011-10-09 16:52:14 Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DTE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is TC Last 300 seconds input rate 4 bytes/sec 32 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 4 bytes/sec 32 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 223 packets, 7152 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP Input bandwidth utilization : 0.05% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.19%
The preceding information shows that S1/0/0 on R1 connects to a DCE cable and the clock frequency is 64000 bit/s. The DCE controls the clock frequency and bandwidth. Change the clock frequency on the link between R1 and R2 to 128000 bit/s. This operation must be performed on the DCE, R1.
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[R1-Serial1/0/0]baudrate 128000
After the configurations are complete, view the serial interface status.
[R1-Serial1/0/0]display interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-10 11:56:41 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is PPP LCP opened, IPCP opened Last physical up time : 2011-10-10 11:56:38 Last physical down time : 2011-10-10 11:53:32 Current system time: 2011-10-10 13:58:43 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 128000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 5 bytes/sec 40 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 3471 packets, 66408 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
Step 5
Configure PPP on serial interfaces between R1
and R2 and between R2 and R3.

Configure PPP. Both ends of the link must use the same encapsulation mode. If both ends of the link use different encapsulation modes, interfaces may become Down.
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HCDA-HNTD [R1-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol ppp [R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol ppp [R2-Serial1/0/0]quit [R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol ppp [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol ppp
After the configurations are complete, test link connectivity.

If the ping operation fails, check the interface status and check whether the link layer protocol type is correct.
[R1]display interface Serial1/0/0
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Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-10 16:26:28 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is PPP LCP opened, IPCP opened Last physical up time : 2011-10-10 16:26:25 Last physical down time : 2011-10-10 16:26:04 Current system time: 2011-10-10 16:31:06 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 128000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 5 bytes/sec 40 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 5600 packets, 116506 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
Step 6
Check routing entry changes.
After PPP configurations are complete, routers establish connections at the data link layer. The local device sends a route to the peer device. The route contains the interface IP address and a 32-bit mask. The following information uses R2 as an example. You can see the routes to R1 and R3.
[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
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Destination/Mask
Proto
Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Think about the origin and functions of the two routes. Check the following items: If HDLC is used, do the two routes exist? Can R1 and R2 communicate using HDLC or PPP when the IP addresses of S1/0/0 interfaces on R1 and R2 are located on different network segments?
Step 7
Enable PAP authentication on the PPP link
between R1 and R2.

Configure R1 as the authentication server. After R2 sends an authentication request to R1, R1 sends a response message to R2, requesting R2 to use PAP authentication and send its password to R1. Configure PAP authentication on R1.
[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ppp authentication-mode pap domain system [R1-Serial1/0/0]quit [R1]aaa [R1-aaa]authentication-scheme system_a Info: Create a new authentication scheme [R1-aaa-authen-system_a]authentication-mode local [R1-aaa-authen-system_a]quit [R1-aaa]domain system Info: Success to create a new domain
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[R1-aaa-domain-system]authentication-scheme system_a [R1-aaa-domain-system]quit [R1-aaa]local-user user1@system password simple huawei info: A new user added [R1-aaa]local-user user1@system service-type ppp [R1-aaa]quit
Configure PAP authentication on R2.

[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]shutdown [R2-Serial1/0/0]ppp pap local-user user1@system password simple huawei [R2-Serial1/0/0]undo shutdown
After the configurations are complete, test connectivity between R1 and R2.
Step 8
Enable CHAP authentication on the PPP link
between R2 and R3.

Configure R3 as the authentication server. After R2 sends an authentication request to R3, R3 sends a response message to R2, requesting R2 to use CHAP authentication and send its user name and password to R3.
[R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]shutdown [R3-Serial2/0/0]quit [R3]aaa [R3-aaa]authentication-scheme system Info: Create a new authentication scheme [R3-aaa-authen-system]authentication-mode local [R3-aaa-authen-system]quit [R3-aaa]domain system Info: Success to create a new domain [R3-aaa-domain-system]authentication-scheme system [R3-aaa-domain-system]quit [R3-aaa]local-user user1@system password simple huawei info: A new user added [R3-aaa]local-user user1@system service-type ppp [R3-aaa]quit [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]undo shut
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On R3, the following information is displayed.

Oct 10 2011 16:46:03+00:00 R3 %%01PPP/4/PEERNOCHAP(l)[9]:On the interface Serial2/0/0, authentication failed and PPP link was closed because CHAP was disabled on the peer. Oct 10 2011 16:46:03+00:00 R3 %%01PPP/4/RESULTERR(l)[10]:On the interface Serial2/0/0, LCP negotiation failDCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP
The greyed line indicates that authentication failed. Configure R2 as the CHAP client.
[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ppp authentication-mode chap [R2-Serial2/0/0]ppp chap user user1@system [R2-Serial2/0/0]ppp chap password simple Huawei
After the configurations are complete, the interface becomes Up. The ping command output is as follows:
[R2-Serial2/0/0]ping 10.0.23.3 PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=35 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=41 ms Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=41 ms --- 10.0.23.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 35/39/41 ms
Step 9
Run the debug command to view negotiation of
the PPP connection between R2 and R3. The PPP connection is established by CHAP.
Use R2 as an example. View the PPP negotiation process between R2 and R3. Disable S2/0/0 on R2, run the debug command, and enable S2/0/0 on R2.
HCDA-HNTD
First shut down S2/0/0 on R2.

[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]shutdown
Run the debugging ppp chap all command. By default, the debugging information is displayed. Run the terminal debugging command to display the debugging information on the console port.
[R2-Serial2/0/0]return <R2>debugging ppp chap all <R2>terminal debugging Info: Current terminal debugging is on.
Enable S2/0/0 on R2.

<R2>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]undo shutdown
The following debugging information is displayed on the console port:

PPP State Change: Serial2/0/0 CHAP : Initial --> ListenChallenge Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.830.1+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP Packet: Serial2/0/0 Input CHAP(c223) Pkt, Len 25 State ListenChallenge, code Challenge(01), id 1, len 21 Value_Size: 16 Value: 53 e3 a6 26 1b 54 e5 e2 a1 ed 90 87 94 3 f0 1 Name: Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.830.2+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP Event: Serial2/0/0 CHAP Receive Challenge Event state ListenChallenge Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.830.3+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP Packet: Serial2/0/0 Output CHAP(c223) Pkt, Len 37 State ListenChallenge, code Response(02), id 1, len 33 Value_Size: 16 Value: 4b 6 73 d1 48 c2 55 8d da a6 c7 3e 21 e9 44 48 Name: user1@system Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.830.4+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP State Change: Serial2/0/0 CHAP : ListenChallenge --> SendResponse
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HCDA-HNTD Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.850.1+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP Packet: Serial2/0/0 Input CHAP(c223) Pkt, Len 20 State SendResponse, code SUCCESS(03), id 1, len 16 Message: Welcome to . Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.850.2+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP Event: Serial2/0/0 CHAP Receive Success Event state SendResponse Oct 10 2011 17:54:48.850.3+00:00 R2 PPP/7/debug2: PPP State Change: Serial2/0/0 CHAP : SendResponse --> ClientSuccess
The greyed line shows the interface status change. Run the debugging ppp pap all command to view PPP negotiation when PAP authentication is used between R1 and R2. Compare the debugging ppp pap all command output with the debugging ppp chap all command output to learn about difference between PAP authentication and CHAP authentication.

Why CHAP is more secure than PAP?
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # aaa authentication-scheme default authentication-scheme system_a authorization-scheme default authorization-scheme system_a accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin domain system authorization-scheme system_a
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local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http local-user user1@system password simple huawei local-user user1@system service-type ppp local-user user@system password simple huawei local-user user@system service-type ppp # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ppp authentication-mode pap domain system ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 baudrate 128000 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # aaa authentication-scheme default authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol ppp ppp pap local-user user@system password simple huawei ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ppp authentication-mode chap ppp chap user user1@system ppp chap password simple Huawei
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HCDA-HNTD ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return <R3>display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # aaa authentication-scheme default authentication-scheme system authorization-scheme default accounting-scheme default domain default domain default_admin domain system local-user admin password simple admin local-user admin service-type http local-user user1@system password simple huawei local-user user1@system service-type ppp # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 version 2 network 10.0.0.0 # return
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Lab 8-2 FR Configuration (Back to Back) Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: PVC functions Frame Relay (FR) implementation Method used to configure FR on a serial link Method used to configure mapping between IP addresses and
DLCIs on the FR network Method used to configure RIP on the FR network Method used to configure OSPF on the FR network
Topology
Figure 8.2 FR topology
Scenario
You are a network administrator of a company. R1, R2, R3 in 0 are routers. R1 is located in the headquarters, and R2 and R3 are located in two branches. The headquarters and branches need to be interconnected. You need to configure FR on WAN links and mapping between DLCIs and IP addresses.
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<Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24 [R1-Serial1/0/0]int loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]int Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24 [R2-Serial1/0/0]int loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 [R2-LoopBack0]int Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24 <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]int Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.3 24 [R3-Serial2/0/0]int loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
After the IP addresses are configured, test network connectivity.

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Step 2
Configure FR in back-to-back mode between R1
and R2 and use static address mapping.

The router configurations vary depending on whether it is connected to DCE or DTE port. Check whether R1 or R2 connects to the DCE port of the serial interface cable.
[R1]display interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-11 14:40:34 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is PPP LCP opened, IPCP opened Last physical up time : 2011-10-11 14:40:34 Last physical down time : 2011-10-11 14:40:33 Current system time: 2011-10-11 14:40:38 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 4 bytes/sec 32 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 5 bytes/sec 40 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 3564 packets, 50438 bytes broadcasts: errors: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0 0, giants: 0
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HCDA-HNTD CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0
Chapter 8 WAN Configuration 0 0
0, overruns: 0, no buffers:
Output: 3597 packets, 43666 bytes 0, collisions: 0
The preceding information shows that S1/0/0 on R1 connects to the DCE port of the serial interface cable.
[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol fr Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R1-Serial1/0/0]fr interface-type dce [R1-Serial1/0/0]fr dlci 102 [R1-fr-dlci-Serial1/0/0-102]quit [R1-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.12.2 102 broadcast
S1/0/0 on R2 connects to the DTE port of the serial interface cable.

[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol fr Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R2-Serial1/0/0]fr interface-type dte [R2-Serial1/0/0]fr dlci 102 [R2-fr-dlci-Serial1/0/0-102]quit [R2-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.12.1 102 broadcast
After the configurations are complete, test link connectivity between R1 and R2.
[R2-Serial1/0/0]ping 10.0.12.1 PING 10.0.12.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=38 ms Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=34 ms Reply from 10.0.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=34 ms --- 10.0.12.1 ping statistics ---
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If communication between R1 and R2 is abnormal before step 1 is performed, the FR configuration is incorrect. Perform the following operations to troubleshoot the fault. Compare the display fr map-info command output on R1 with that on R2. Use R1 as an example.
[R1]display fr map-info Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DCE) DLCI = 102, IP 10.0.12.2, Serial1/0/0 create time = 2011/10/11 14:44:45, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 6, broadcast [R1]display interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-11 14:44:35 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial1/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.12.1/24 Link layer protocol is FR IETF LMI DLCI is 0, LMI type is Q.933a, frame relay DCE LMI status enquiry received 21, LMI status sent 21 LMI status enquiry timeout 9, LMI message discarded 2 Last physical up time : 2011-10-11 14:44:25 Last physical down time : 2011-10-11 14:44:25 Current system time: 2011-10-11 14:48:04 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V35, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 12 bytes/sec 96 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 10 bytes/sec 80 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 3712 packets, 54496 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
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DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP Input bandwidth utilization : 0.08% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.08% [R1]display fr lmi-info interface Serial 1/0/0 Frame relay LMI statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DCE, Q933) T392DCE = 15, N392DCE = 3, N393DCE = 4 in status enquiry = 31, out status = 31 status enquiry timeout = 9, discarded messages = 2
Step 3
Configure FR in back-to-back mode between R2
and R3 and use dynamic address mapping.

The router configurations vary depending on whether it is connected to DCE or DTE port. Check whether R2 or R3 connects to the DCE port of the serial port cable.
[R3]display interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-11 14:31:29 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial2/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.23.3/24 Link layer protocol is PPP LCP opened, IPCP opened Last physical up time : 2011-10-11 09:43:20 Last physical down time : 2011-10-11 09:43:19 Current system time: 2011-10-11 14:56:16 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V24, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 3765 packets, 53110 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
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Chapter 8 WAN Configuration 0
The greyed line indicates that S2/0/0 on R3 connects to the DCE port.
[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol fr Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R2-Serial2/0/0]fr interface-type dte [R2-Serial2/0/0]fr inarp
S2/0/0 on R3 connects to the DCE port of the serial port cable.

[R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol fr [R3-Serial2/0/0]fr interface-type dce [R3-Serial2/0/0]fr dlci 203 [R3-fr-dlci-Serial2/0/0-203]q [R3-Serial2/0/0]fr inarp
After the configurations are complete, test connectivity between R2 and R3.
If R2 fails to communicate with R3, locate the fault using the following command output.
[R3]display interface Serial2/0/0
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HCDA-HNTD Serial2/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2011-10-11 15:02:01 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial2/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec) Internet Address is 10.0.23.3/24 Link layer protocol is FR IETF LMI DLCI is 0, LMI type is Q.933a, frame relay DCE LMI status enquiry received 28, LMI status sent 28 LMI status enquiry timeout 0, LMI message discarded 8 Last physical up time : 2011-10-11 15:01:31 Last physical down time : 2011-10-11 15:01:30 Current system time: 2011-10-11 15:06:36 Physical layer is synchronous, Baudrate is 64000 bps Interface is DCE, Cable type is V24, Clock mode is DCECLK Last 300 seconds input rate 12 bytes/sec 96 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate 12 bytes/sec 96 bits/sec 0 packets/sec Input: 3974 packets, 58123 bytes broadcasts: errors: CRC: dribbles: frame errors: errors: deferred: 0, multicasts: 0, runts: 0, align errors: 0, aborts: 0 0, underruns: 0 0, collisions: 0 0 0, giants: 0, overruns: 0, no buffers: 0 0 0
DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP Input bandwidth utilization : 0.11% Output bandwidth utilization : 0.10% [R3]display fr lmi-info Frame relay LMI statistics for interface Serial2/0/0 (DCE, Q933) T392DCE = 15, N392DCE = 3, N393DCE = 4 in status enquiry = 31, out status = 31 status enquiry timeout = 0, discarded messages = 8 [R3]display fr map-info Map Statistics for interface Serial2/0/0 (DCE) DLCI = 203, IP INARP 10.0.23.2, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/10/11 15:02:21, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 2, broadcast
Pay attention to the greyed lines. Compare the information on R1 with that on R2.
HCDA-HNTD
Step 4
Configure
RIPv2
between
R1
and
R2
and
configure a neighbor relationship.

[R1]rip [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R1-rip-1]undo summary [R2]rip [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R2-rip-1]undo summary
View the R1 routing table.

[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 12 Destination/Mask Proto Routes : 12 Pre Cost 100 1 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.2.0/24 RIP 10.0.3.0/24 RIP 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32
The preceding information shows that R1 has learned routes. Test network connectivity on R1.
[R1]ping 10.0.23.2 PING 10.0.23.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
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The preceding information shows that communication between R1 and R2 is normal. R1 fails to communicate with R3 because R3 is not running any protocol. R1 and R2 run RIPv2. They can learn routes from each other because the network supports broadcast. Run the display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 command on R2 to check whether R2 supports broadcast. Use R2 as an example.
[R2]display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 102, IP 10.0.12.1, Serial1/0/0 create time = 2011/10/11 15:12:15, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 11, broadcast
Modify configurations of R1 and R2 and disable broadcast.

[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R1-Serial1/0/0]undo fr map ip 10.0.12.2 102 [R1-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.12.2 102 [R2]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R2-Serial1/0/0]undo fr map ip 10.0.12.1 102 [R2-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.12.1 102
To enable R1 and R2 to update routes, run shutdown and undo shutdown on an interface of R1 or R2. Use R2 as an example.
[R2-Serial1/0/0]shutdown [R2-Serial1/0/0]undo shutdown
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After the configurations are complete, check the routes. Use R2 as an example.
[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 Proto Routes : 15 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
R1 and R2 cannot exchange routes because broadcast is disabled. Run the ping command on R2.
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Run the display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 command on R2 to check whether R2 supports broadcast.
[R2]display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 102, IP 10.0.12.1, Serial1/0/0 create time = 2011/10/11 15:22:22, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 13
There is no broadcast field, indicating that R2 does not support broadcast. Configure a RIP neighbor relationship between R1 and R2 and configure them to exchange routes in unicast mode.
[R1]rip [R1-rip-1]peer 10.0.12.2 [R2]rip [R2-rip-1]peer 10.0.12.1
After the configurations are complete, check the routes on R2.

[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 16 Destination/Mask Proto Routes : 16 Pre Cost 100 1 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.2 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.12.2 10.0.12.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.2.0/24 RIP 10.0.3.0/24 RIP 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0
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Chapter 8 WAN Configuration 0 0 0 D D D 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Run the ping command to test network connectivity.

By default, route aggregation is enabled in RIPv2; therefore, there is only one RIP route on R1.
Step 5
Configure OSPF between R2 and R3 and configure
an OSPF neighbor relationship between them.

[R2]router id 10.0.2.2 [R2]ospf 1 [R2-ospf-1]area 0 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [R3]router id 10.0.3.3 [R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]area 0 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
After the configurations are complete, check the routes on R3.

[R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public
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HCDA-HNTD Destinations : 11 Destination/Mask 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto Routes : 11 Pre Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
The preceding information shows that R3 does not learn the routes sent by R2. By default, OSPF considers that the network mode on the FR-enabled port is NBMA and devices do not detect neighbors.
[R3]display ospf interface Serial 2/0/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.23.3 (Serial2/0/0) Cost: 1562 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 0.0.0.0 Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0 Timers: Hello 30 , Dead 120 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 State: Waiting Type: NBMA MTU: 1500
Check the OSPF neighbor. Use R3 as an example.

[R3]disp ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3
R3 does not discover a neighbor. You must manually configure an OSPF neighbor relationship.
[R2]ospf 1
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[R2-ospf-1]peer 10.0.23.3 [R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]peer 10.0.23.2
After the configurations are complete, check the OSPF neighbor relationship on R3.
[R3]disp ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.23.3(Serial2/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.2.2 State: Full DR: 10.0.23.2 BDR: None Dead timer due in 116 sec Retrans timer interval: 5 Neighbor is up for 00:00:04 Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] Address: 10.0.23.2 MTU: 0 Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
The preceding information shows that the OSPF neighbor relationship has been set up. Check the routing tables. Use R3 as an example.
[R3]disp ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto OSPF Routes : 13 Pre Cost 10 1562 0 0 0 3124 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 OSPF
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.3/32 Direct 0 10.0.23.255/32 Direct 0
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HCDA-HNTD 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Chapter 8 WAN Configuration InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Test network connectivity between R3 and R2.

Step 6
Configure OSPF between R2 and R3 and change
the network type to broadcast.

Run OSPF on the FR network. You can manually configure a neighbor relationship or configure OSPF on a broadcast network to discover neighbors. Delete the configured neighbors on R2 and R3 shown in step 5.
[R2]ospf 1 [R2-ospf-1]undo peer 10.0.23.3 [R3]ospf 1 [R3-ospf-1]undo peer 10.0.23.2
Check whether the FR-enabled interface supports broadcast.

[R3]display fr map-info interface Serial 2/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial2/0/0 (DCE) DLCI = 203, IP INARP 10.0.23.2, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/10/11 15:02:21, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 2, broadcast
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Determine the OSPF network type on the port.

Interface: 10.0.23.3 (Serial2/0/0) Cost: 1562 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.0.23.3 Backup Designated Router: 10.0.23.2 Timers: Hello 30 , Dead 120 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 State: DR Type: NBMA MTU: 1500
Change the network type to broadcast.

[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R2-Serial2/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast [R3]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R3-Serial2/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
Run the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on S2/0/0 of R3 to update neighbors.
[R3-Serial2/0/0]shutdown [R3-Serial2/0/0]undo shutdown
After the OSPF neighbor relationship is established, check the OSPF neighbor relationship.
[R3]display ospf peer OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Neighbors Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.23.3(Serial2/0/0)'s neighbors Router ID: 10.0.2.2 State: Full DR: 10.0.23.3 Address: 10.0.23.2 Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1 BDR: 10.0.23.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 34 sec Retrans timer interval: 4
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HCDA-HNTD Neighbor is up for 00:00:20 Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
Check the routing table of R3 and test connectivity between R3 and R2. Use R3 as an example.
[R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 Proto OSPF Routes : 13 Pre Cost 10 1562 0 0 0 3124 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.23.2 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.23.2 10.0.23.3 10.0.23.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial2/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.12.0/24 OSPF
Interface: 10.0.23.3 (Serial2/0/0) Cost: 1562 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.0.23.3 Backup Designated Router: 10.0.23.2 Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 [R3]ping 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=35 ms State: DR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
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Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 30/31/35 ms

How is the broadcast function on an FR-enabled interface used? If possible, verify this configuration.
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol fr fr interface-type dce fr dlci 102 fr map ip 10.0.12.2 102 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # rip 1 undo summary version 2 peer 10.0.12.2 network 10.0.0.0 #
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HCDA-HNTD return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # router id 10.0.2.2 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol fr fr dlci 102 fr map ip 10.0.12.1 102 ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol fr ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 ospf network-type broadcast # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # rip 1 undo summary version 2 peer 10.0.12.1 network 10.0.0.0 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # router id 10.0.3.3 # interface Serial2/0/0
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link-protocol fr fr interface-type dce fr dlci 203 ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0 ospf network-type broadcast # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # Return
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Lab 8-3 FR Configuration (Using FR Switch) Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: How to configure frame relay (FR) router interfaces when an FR
switch is used on the network How to configure RIP in hub-spoke mode How to configure OSPF in hub-spoke mode How to configure FR interfaces when the OSPF network type is
set to point-to-multipoint
Topology
Figure 8.3 Lab topology for FR configuration
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. R1, R2, R3 in Figure 8.3 are routers. R1 is located at the company headquarters, and R2 and R3 are located in two branches. To interconnect the headquarters and branches, you need to configure FR on WAN links in hub-spoke mode.
Set basic parameters, such as IP addresses. When configuring FR encapsulation, you must disable the Inarp function and manually define mapping between the PVC DLCI numbers and IP addresses.
<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R1-Serial2/0/0]link-protocol fr Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R1-Serial2/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.1 24 [R1-Serial2/0/0]undo fr inarp [R1-Serial2/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.2 102 broadcast [R1-Serial2/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.3 103 broadcast [R1-Serial2/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface Serial 3/0/0 [R2-Serial3/0/0]link-protocol fr Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R2-Serial3/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.2 24 [R2-Serial3/0/0]undo fr inarp [R2-Serial3/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.1 201 broadcast [R2-Serial3/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24
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HCDA-HNTD <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol fr
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]:y [R3-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.3 24 [R3-Serial1/0/0]undo fr inarp [R3-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.1 301 broadcast [R3-Serial1/0/0]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
After the IP addresses are configured, test network connectivity.

[R1-LoopBack0]ping 10.0.123.2 PING 10.0.123.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=64 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=59 ms --- 10.0.123.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 59/60/64 ms [R1-LoopBack0]ping 10.0.123.3 PING 10.0.123.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=64 ms Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=59 ms Reply from 10.0.123.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=59 ms --- 10.0.123.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 59/60/64 ms
Run the following commands to view the FR encapsulation
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information for the R1 interfaces.

[R1]display fr interface Serial 2/0/0 Serial2/0/0, DTE, physical up, protocol up [R1]display fr map-info interface Serial 2/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial2/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 102, IP 10.0.123.2, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:28:49, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 1, broadcast DLCI = 103, IP 10.0.123.3, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:28:56, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 2, broadcast
Step 2
Configure RIPv2 among R1, R2, and R3.
Configure RIPv2 and ensure that all network segments are in the RIP area. By default, static neighbors are not configured. The automatic summary function must be disabled. In addition, the RIP split horizon function for FR interfaces is disabled by default because an FR network has its own unique features. You do not need to modify the split horizon configurations for this exercise.
[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R1-rip-1]undo summary [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R2-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R2-rip-1]undo summary [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]version 2 [R3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0 [R3-rip-1]undo summary
View the routing tables on R1, R2, and R3 to check the learned routes.
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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HCDA-HNTD Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Destination/Mask 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 2 Pre Cost 100 1 100 1 Flags NextHop D D 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.3 Interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 2 Pre Cost 100 1 100 2 Flags NextHop D D 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.1 Interface Serial3/0/0 Serial3/0/0
RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 2 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 Proto RIP Routes : 2 Pre Cost 100 1 Flags NextHop D 10.0.123.1 Interface Serial1/0/0
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Chapter 8 WAN Configuration RIP 100 2 D 10.0.123.1 Serial1/0/0
10.0.2.0/24
Perform a test on R3 to detect network connectivity.

[R3]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=68 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=63 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=63 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=63 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=63 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 63/64/68 ms [R3]ping 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
The preceding test results indicate that R3 and R2 are disconnected. Check the routes to find out why R3 and R2 are disconnected. The procedure for diagnosing this fault is as follows: View the R3 routing table and check whether any route is destined for the IP address 10.0.2.2. If there is such a route, find out the next hop IP address of this route. Then check whether R3 can reach the next hop and whether there is mapping between Layer-3 IP addresses and Layer-2 PVCs.
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If R3 can reach the next hop and there is mapping between Layer-3 IP addresses and Layer-2 PVCs, check the devices on the route to determine whether there is any route that can reach IP address 10.0.2.2, whether the next hop of this route is reachable, and whether there is mapping between Layer-3 IP addresses and Layer-2 PVCs. If there is a route that can reach IP address 10.0.2.2 and there is mapping between Layer-3 IP addresses and Layer-2 PVCs, check R2 to determine whether there is any route that reaches the destination IP address of response packets and whether the next hop of this route is reachable. If the next hop of this route is unreachable and the destination IP address of the response packets is 10.0.123.3, R2 has the route that reaches this address but there is no mapping between Layer-3 IP addresses and Layer-2 PVCs. The following is the output of the commands used in the preceding fault diagnosis procedure.
[R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.3/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Proto RIP RIP Routes : 13 Pre Cost 100 1 100 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.1 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.3 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
[R3]display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 301, IP 10.0.123.1, Serial1/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:22:30, status = ACTIVE
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encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 1, broadcast [R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask Proto Routes : 14 Pre Cost 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D 0 0 D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.3 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.2/32 10.0.123.3/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP RIP
100 1 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
[R1]display fr map-info interface Serial 2/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial2/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 102, IP 10.0.123.2, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:28:49, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 1, broadcast DLCI = 103, IP 10.0.123.3, Serial2/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:28:56, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 2, broadcast [R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 Proto RIP Routes : 13 Pre Cost 100 1 Flags NextHop D 10.0.123.1 Interface Serial3/0/0
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HCDA-HNTD 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.2/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 RIP Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Chapter 8 WAN Configuration LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial3/0/0 Serial3/0/0 Serial3/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
100 2
[R2]display fr map-info interface Serial 3/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial3/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 201, IP 10.0.123.1, Serial3/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:21:10, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 1, broadcast
The conclusion is that R2 has no PVC reaching IP address 10.0.123.3.
Step 3
Modify
network
parameters
to
enable
the
connection between R2 and R3.

The fault diagnosis results in step 2 indicate that there is no virtual circuit between the FR interfaces on R2 and R3. In this case, configure the mapping between IP addresses and PVCs to enable communications between FR interfaces on R2 and R3 through R1.
[R2]interface Serial 3/0/0 [R2-Serial3/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.3 201 broadcast [R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 10.0.123.2 301 broadcast
After you configure the mapping between IP addresses and PVCs, check the IP address-PVC mapping tables on R2 and R3 and detect network connectivity.
[R3]display fr map-info interface Serial 1/0/0 Map Statistics for interface Serial1/0/0 (DTE) DLCI = 301, IP 10.0.123.1, Serial1/0/0
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create time = 2011/11/16 09:22:30, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 1, broadcast DLCI = 301, IP 10.0.123.2, Serial1/0/0 create time = 2011/11/16 09:55:23, status = ACTIVE encapsulation = ietf, vlink = 2, broadcast [R3]ping 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=118 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=123 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=123 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=123 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=123 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 118/122/123 ms
Step 4
Configure OSPF between R1 and R2.
Delete the RIP configurations added in step 2 and the IP address-PVC mapping of R2 and R3 that is established in step 3.
[R1]undo rip 1 Warning: The RIP process will be deleted. Continue?[Y/N]y [R1] [R2]interface Serial 3/0/0 [R2-Serial3/0/0]undo fr map ip 10.0.123.3 201 [R2-Serial3/0/0]quit [R2]undo rip 1 Warning: The RIP process will be deleted. Continue?[Y/N]y [R2] [R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]undo fr map ip 10.0.123.2 301 [R3-Serial1/0/0]quit [R3]undo rip 1 Warning: The RIP process will be deleted. Continue?[Y/N]y [R3]
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Configure single-area OSPF on R1, R2, and R3.

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2 [R2-ospf-1]area 0 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [R3]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3 [R3-ospf-1]area 0 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
After basic parameters are set, OSPF cannot establish neighbor relationships. By default, OSPF determines that the FR network can identify the NBMA network. As a result, OSPF does not support broadcast and cannot automatically discover neighbors.
[R3]display ospf interface Serial 1/0/0 verbose OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Interfaces
Interface: 10.0.123.3 (Serial1/0/0) Cost: 1562 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.0.123.3 Backup Designated Router: 0.0.0.0 Timers: Hello 30 , Dead 120 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 IO Statistics Type Hello DB Description Link-State Req Link-State Update Link-State Ack OpaqueId: 0 Input 0 0 0 0 0 Output 0 0 0 0 0 State: DR Type: NBMA MTU: 1500
PrevState: Waiting
There are various methods for running OSPF on an FR network. This exercise demonstrates how to run OSPF on the FR network by setting the OSPF network type of the interface to point-to-multipoint.
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Step 5
Set the OSPF network type of the interface to
point-to-multipoint.
[R1]interface Serial 2/0/0 [R1-Serial2/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp [R2]interface Serial 3/0/0 [R2-Serial3/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp [R3]interface Serial 1/0/0 [R3-Serial1/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
After you set the OSPF network type, wait until the neighbor relationship is established. Then check the neighbor relationship and route information.
[R1]display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.1.1 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3 State Full Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R1]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.1.255/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.2/32 Proto Routes : 14 Pre Cost 0 0 0 1562 1562 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D 10.0.1.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.3 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.2 Interface LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial2/0/0
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HCDA-HNTD 10.0.123.3/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D D 10.0.123.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
Chapter 8 WAN Configuration Serial2/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R2]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.2.2 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id 0.0.0.0 Interface Serial3/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R2]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.2.255/32 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.2/32 10.0.123.3/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Proto OSPF Routes : 14 Pre Cost 10 1562 0 0 0 3124 0 0 0 3124 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.123.1 10.0.2.2 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.2 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial3/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial3/0/0 Serial3/0/0 Serial3/0/0 InLoopBack0 Serial3/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 10 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 10 Direct 0 Direct 0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 [R3]display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.0.3.3 Peer Statistic Information ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Chapter 8 WAN Configuration Interface Serial1/0/0 Neighbor id 10.0.1.1 State Full
---------------------------------------------------------------------------[R3]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Destination/Mask 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.3.3/32 10.0.3.255/32 10.0.123.0/24 10.0.123.1/32 10.0.123.2/32 10.0.123.3/32 10.0.123.255/32 127.0.0.0/8 Proto OSPF OSPF Routes : 14 Pre Cost 10 10 1562 3124 0 0 0 0 0 3124 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flags NextHop D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.1 10.0.3.3 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10.0.123.3 10.0.123.1 10.0.123.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Interface Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 LoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 Serial1/0/0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0 InLoopBack0
Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0 OSPF 10 Direct 0 Direct 0 Direct 0
Perform a network connectivity test on R3.

[R3]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=55 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=60 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=61 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=61 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=61 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 55/59/61 ms [R3]ping 10.0.2.2
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HCDA-HNTD PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=116 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=121 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=121 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=120 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=120 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 116/119/121 ms [R3]ping 10.0.123.2 PING 10.0.123.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=115 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=119 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=119 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=119 ms Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=119 ms --- 10.0.123.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 115/118/119 ms

As mentioned in step 4, there are various methods for running OSPF on the FR network that are achieved by changing the network type of the interface. By default, OSPF determines that the FR network does not support broadcast and cannot automatically discover neighbors. Is it possible to achieve the connectivity of an OSPF network by manually defining the neighbor relationship? How? In step 5, the R2-R3 communications are successful even when the IP address-PVC mapping between them is not manually configured. Why?
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[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface Serial2/0/0 link-protocol fr undo fr inarp fr map ip 10.0.123.2 102 broadcast fr map ip 10.0.123.3 103 broadcast ip address 10.0.123.1 255.255.255.0 ospf network-type p2mp # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface Serial3/0/0 link-protocol fr undo fr inarp fr map ip 10.0.123.1 201 broadcast ip address 10.0.123.2 255.255.255.0 ospf network-type p2mp # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
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HCDA-HNTD # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface Serial1/0/0 link-protocol fr undo fr inarp fr map ip 10.0.123.1 301 broadcast ip address 10.0.123.3 255.255.255.0 ospf network-type p2mp # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 # return
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Chapter 9 Firewall Configuration

Lab 9-1 Eudemon Firewall Configuration Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: How to log in to the Eudemon firewall How to change the firewall device name How to change the system time and time zone How to modify the login banner How to change the login password How to view, save, and delete firewall configurations How to configure the VLAN/interface IP address and detect
network connectivity How to restart the firewall
Topology
Figure 9.1 Lab topology for Eudemon firewall configuration
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company bought a Eudemon 200E firewall and intends to connect it to S1, the core switch, to filter packets transmitted across different VLANs. You need to familiarize yourself with various operations of the firewall.
Tasks Step 1 Log in to the firewall and change its name.
Like a router, a firewall provides a console interface, which can connect to the COM interface on a computer. The computer can connect to the firewall using the super terminal software that comes with the Windows operating system. For details, see "Lab 1-1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform." The firewall provides default configurations and the default user name and password are admin and Admin@123. Enter the case-sensitive user name and password when logging in to the firewall.
*********************************************************** * * All rights reserved 2008-2011 Without the owner's prior written consent, * * * * *
* no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed. * * Notice: * * This is a private communication system. Unauthorized access or use may lead to prosecution.
*********************************************************** User interface con0 is available Please Press ENTER.
Login authentication
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Username:admin Password: NOTICE:This is a private communication system. Unauthorized access or use may lead to prosecution. <Eudemon 200E>
The method for changing the firewall name is the same as that for changing the router name. Because both the firewall and router use the VRP operating system, the command level and help operations for them are the same.
<Eudemon 200E>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Eudemon 200E]sysname FW [FW]
Step 2
Change the time and time zone for the firewall.
By default, the time zone is not defined on the firewall. Therefore, the firewall system time may be inconsistent with the actual time. You should change the time and time zone information based on the actual information for your location. During the exercise, the time zone GMT+8 is used and the standard time is defined.
<FW>clock timezone 1 add 08:00:00 <FW>dis clock 2011-11-17 18:39:48 Thursday Time Zone : 1 minus 08:00:00 <FW>clock datetime 10:36:00 2011/11/17 <FW>display clock 2011-11-17 10:36:09 Thursday Time Zone : 1 minus 08:00:00
Step 3
Change the login banner information.
Change the login banner information. The following login banner information is displayed by default after you successfully log in to the fire wall.
Please Press ENTER.
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Username:admin Password: NOTICE:This is a private communication system. Unauthorized access or use may lead to prosecution. <FW>
The firewall device warns about unauthorized access using the banner information. The administrator can change the login banner information as needed. Different banner information is displayed before and after you log in to the firewall.
[FW]header login information ^ Info: The banner text supports 220 characters max, including the start and the end character. If you want to enter more than this, use banner file instead. Input banner text, and quit with the character '^': Welcome to Eudemon 200E ^ [FW]header shell information ^ Info: The banner text supports 220 characters max, including the start and the end character. If you want to enter more than this, use banner file instead. Input banner text, and quit with the character '^': Welcome to Eudemon 200E You are logining in system Please donot delete system config files ^
Log out of the firewall system and then log in to the system again to check whether the change takes effect.
Please Press ENTER. Welcome to Eudemon 200E Login authentication
Username:admin Password: Welcome to Eudemon 200E You are logining in system Please donot delete system config files
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NOTICE:This is a private communication system. Unauthorized access or use may lead to prosecution. <FW>
If the preceding information is displayed, the banner information is successfully changed. Note that the default notice information cannot be deleted or replaced.
Step 4
Change the login user name and password.
The default user name and password are admin and Admin@123. You can change them as needed. For this exercise, create a level-3 user. The user name and password are user1 and huawei@123. By default, only the user admin is allowed to log in to the firewall system using the console interface. Therefore, a newly created user is allowed to log in to the system using the console interface only after the authentication mode is set to aaa. In addition, specify the applicable scope of the newly created user. In this exercise, the applicable scope is set to terminal, indicating that this user is allowed to log in to the system using the console interface.
[FW]aaa [FW-aaa]local-user user1 password simple huawei@123 [FW-aaa]local-user user1 service-type terminal [FW-aaa]local-user user1 level 3 [FW-aaa]quit [FW]user-interface console 0 [FW-ui-console0]authentication-mode aaa
After you set the authentication mode to aaa, log out of the system and check whether the newly created user name and password take effect.
[FW-ui-console0]return <FW>quit
************************************************************************* * * * * Copyright(C) 2008-2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved Without the owner's prior written consent, no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed. * * * *
*************************************************************************
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User interface con0 is available
Please Press ENTER. Welcome to Eudemon 200E Login authentication
Username:user1 Password: Welcome to Eudemon 200E You are logining in system Please donot delete system config files NOTICE:This is a private communication system. Unauthorized access or use may lead to prosecution. <FW>
To save time during the exercise, you can set the authentication mode that does not require a user name and password.
[FW]user-interface console 0 [FW-ui-console0]authentication-mode none
After setting this authentication mode, you can log in to the system directly.
Please Press ENTER. Welcome to Eudemon 200E You are logining in system Please donot delete system config files <FW>
Step 5
View, save, and delete firewall configurations.
On a firewall, run the display current-configuration command to view the configurations that are running and run the display saved-configuration
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command to view the configurations that have been saved.

<FW>display current-configuration # sysname FW # undo firewall ipv6 session link-state check # vlan batch 1 # undo firewall session link-state check # # runmode firewall # update schedule ips daily 7:40 update schedule av daily 7:40 security server domain sec.huawei.com # web-manager enable # l2fwdfast enable output omit <FW>display saved-configuration <FW>
As shown in the preceding example, if no configurations are saved, the related information is unavailable. If the configurations have been saved, information similar to the following is displayed.
<FW>save 15:05:50 2011/11/17 The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]y Info:Please input the file name(*.cfg,*.zip)[vrpcfg.zip]: Now saving the current configuration to the device................. Info:The current configuration was saved to the device successfully.. <FW>display saved-configuration # Last configuration was changed at 2011/11/17 15:05:59 from console0 #*****BEGIN****public****# # sysname FW
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HCDA-HNTD # undo firewall ipv6 session link-state check # vlan batch 1 # undo firewall session link-state check # # runmode firewall # update schedule ips daily 7:40 update schedule av daily 7:40 security server domain sec.huawei.com # output omit
Run the delete flash:/vrpcfg.zip command to delete the configurations that have been saved.
<FW>delete flash:/vrpcfg.zip Be Careful! Deleting the next startup config file will lose your configuration. Delete flash:/vrpcfg.zip?[Y/N]:y %Deleting file flash:/vrpcfg.zip...
Step 6
Configure the VLAN and interface IP address.
On the firewall, E0/0/0 is a Layer-3 interface and E1/0/0 to E1/0/7 are Layer-2 interfaces. Layer-2 interface IP addresses cannot be configured directly but must be configured on the related VLANIF interfaces. By default, VLAN1 is available on the firewall device and the VLANIF1 IP address has been assigned. Create VLAN2 and VLANIF2 and configure their IP addresses as 10.0.2.1/24. In addition, delete VLANIF1.
[FW]undo interface Vlanif 1 [FW]vlan 2 [FW-vlan-2]interface vlanif 2 [FW-Vlanif2]ip address 10.0.2.1 24
Configure E1/0/0 to access VLAN2.

[FW]interface Ethernet 1/0/0 [FW-Ethernet1/0/0]port access vlan 2
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Configure the IP address for E0/0/0 as 10.0.1.1/24 and the IP address for E2/0/0 as 10.0.3.1/24.
[FW]interface Ethernet 0/0/0 [FW-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 [FW-Ethernet0/0/0]interface Ethernet 2/0/0 [FW-Ethernet2/0/0]ip address 10.0.3.1 24
On S1, configure G0/0/21, G0/0/22, and G0/0/23 to access VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3, respectively. Configure the IP addresses of VLANIF1, VLANIF2 and VLANIF3 as 10.0.2.2/24, 10.0.2.2/24, and 10.0.3.2/24.
<Quidway>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]vlan batch 2 3 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 3 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]interface vlanif 1 [S1-Vlanif1]ip address 10.0.1.2 24 [S1-Vlanif1]interface vlanif 2 [S1-Vlanif2]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 [S1-Vlanif2]interface vlanif 3 [S1-Vlanif3]ip address 10.0.3.2 24
Detect network connectivity.

[S1-Vlanif3]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
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HCDA-HNTD 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [S1-Vlanif3]ping 10.0.2.1 PING 10.0.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.2.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/3 ms [S1-Vlanif3]ping 10.0.3.1 PING 10.0.3.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.3.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 7
Restart the firewall.
After all configurations are complete and the test is successful, delete the configuration files and restart the firewall to clear the configurations. After you restart the firewall, a message is displayed, asking you whether to save the current configuration. Delete the current configuration.
<FW>reboot Info:Reading saved configuration failed. System will reboot, could you want to save current configuration [Y/N]?n System will reboot, continue?[Y/N]:y
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The login banner contains mainly warning information. Is there any other information that can be included in the login banner?
[FW]display current-configuration # sysname FW # undo firewall ipv6 session link-state check # vlan batch 1 to 2 # undo firewall session link-state check # runmode firewall # update schedule ips daily 6:12 update schedule av daily 6:12 security server domain sec.huawei.com # web-manager enable # l2fwdfast enable # interface Vlanif2 ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Cellular5/0/0 link-protocol ppp # interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet1/0/0 portswitch port link-type access port access vlan 2 #
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HCDA-HNTD interface Ethernet1/0/1 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/2 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/3 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/4 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/5 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/6 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet1/0/7 portswitch port link-type access # interface Ethernet2/0/0 ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0 # interface NULL0 # firewall zone local set priority 100 # firewall zone trust set priority 85 # firewall zone untrust set priority 5 # firewall zone dmz
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set priority 50 # aaa local-user admin password cipher ]MQ;4\]B+4Z,YWX*NZ55OA!! local-user admin service-type web terminal local-user admin level 3 local-user user1 password simple huawei@123 local-user user1 service-type terminal local-user user1 level 3 authentication-scheme default # authorization-scheme default # accounting-scheme default # domain default domain dot1x # # nqa-jitter tag-version 1 # header shell information "Welcome to Eudemon 200E You are logining in system Please donot delete system config files " header login information "Welcome to Eudemon 200E " banner enable # user-interface con 0 authentication-mode none user-interface tty 2 authentication-mode none modem both user-interface vty 0 4 # slb # cwmp # right-manager server-group # return
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HCDA-HNTD [S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # dns resolve # vlan batch 2 to 3 # stp enable # interface Vlanif1 ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif2 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif3 ip address 10.0.3.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21 port link-type access ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22 port link-type access port default vlan 2 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23 port link-type access port default vlan 3 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface NULL0 # return
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Lab 9-2 Packet Filtering Configuration Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: How to configure packet filtering on the firewall interface
Topology
Figure 9.2 Lab topology for packet filtering configuration on the Eudemon firewall
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company's network at the headquarters is divided into three zones. You
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intend to control inter-zone traffic using the firewall. On S1, you need to configure three network segments: G0/0/1 and G0/0/21 for accessing VLAN11, G0/0/2 to G0/0/22 for accessing VLAN12, and G0/0/3 to G0/0/23 for accessing VLAN13. You need to achieve the following configurations to meet work requirements: The Telnet and ICMP ping services at the IP address 10.0.3.3 are available for all other network segments. The 10.0.2.0/24 network segment can access the 10.0.1.0/24 network segment. Other access modes are not allowed.
Configure names and IP addresses for R1, R2, and R3.

<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.10.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.30.3 24
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HCDA-HNTD [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
Note that E1/0/0 is an interface on the Layer-2 switch and you cannot directly set an IP address for it. In this exercise, configure the VLAN12 and VLANIF12 on the firewall. In addition, configure the IP address 10.0.20.254/24 for the gateway in the 10.0.20.0/24 network segment. By default, the firewall automatically assigns an IP address for its VLANIF1. Delete this configuration to prevent any interference during the exercise.
<Eudemon 200E>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Eudemon 200E]sysname FW [FW]vlan 12 [FW-vlan-12]quit [FW]interface Vlanif 12 [FW-Vlanif12]ip address 10.0.20.254 24 [FW-Vlanif12]interface ethernet 1/0/0 [FW-Ethernet1/0/0]port access vlan 12 [FW-Ethernet1/0/0]undo interface Vlanif 1 [FW]interface Ethernet 0/0/0 [FW-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.10.254 24 [FW-Ethernet0/0/0]interface ethernet 2/0/0 [FW-Ethernet2/0/0]ip address 10.0.30.254 24
On S1, configure the VLAN and map the VLAN and associated interface.
[Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]vlan batch 11 to 13 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22
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[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 12 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 13
After the configurations are complete, perform a test on the firewall to detect the network connectivity in the same zone.
[FW]ping 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.10.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.20.2 PING 10.0.20.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.20.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
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Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 2
Configure static routes to implement network
connectivity.
Configure default routes on R1, R2, and R3 and specific static routes on the firewall to implement the connectivity between the three network segments that are connected by three Loopback0 interfaces.
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.10.254 [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.20.254 [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.30.254 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.2 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.3
After the configurations are complete, perform a connectivity test on R1 to find out whether the network segments that connect to R1 using Loopback0 interfaces can communicate with other network segments.
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/3/4 ms
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Step 3
Configure the access control.
Before you configure the access control, you should analyze the traffic direction in advance based on the following requirements: The 10.0.20.0/24 and 10.0.2.0/24 network segments can access all applications in the 10.0.10.0/24 and 10.0.1.0/24 network segments. The Telnet and ping functions on the host (IP address: 10.0.3.3/24) are available for the 10.0.20.0/24 and 10.0.2.0/24 network segments. The Telnet and ping functions for the host (IP address: 10.0.3.3/24) are available for 10.0.10.0/24 and 10.0.1.0/24 network segments. Other access modes are not allowed.
Use the following methods to meet the requirements: Use an ACL to disable the 10.0.30.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24 network segments from accessing other network segments. Use an ACL to disable other network segments from accessing the 10.0.20.0/24 and 10.0.2.0/24 network segments. Use an ACL to enable other network segments to access the Telnet and ping functions at IP address 10.0.3.3. Note that the session link-state check function on the firewall must be enabled and the ACL must be deployed on the egress.
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Configure three ACLs: ACL3000, ACL3001, and ACL3002.

[FW]firewall session link-state check [FW]acl number 3000 [FW-acl-adv-3000]rule 5 permit tcp destination 10.0.3.3 0 destination-port eq telnet [FW-acl-adv-3000]rule 10 permit icmp destination 10.0.3.3 0 [FW-acl-adv-3000]rule 15 deny ip [FW-acl-adv-3000]quit [FW]acl number 3001 [FW-acl-adv-3001]rule 5 deny ip [FW-acl-adv-3001]quit [FW]acl number 3002 [FW-acl-adv-3002]rule 5 deny ip
To enable other network segments to access the Telnet and ping functions at IP address 10.0.3.3, deploy ACL3000 on the E2/0/0 egress. To disable other network segments from accessing the 10.0.20.0/24 and 10.0.2.0/24 network segments, deploy ACL3001 on the VLANIF12 egress. To disable the 10.0.30.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24 network segments from accessing other network segments, deploy ACL3002 on the E/2/0/0 egress.
[FW]interface Vlanif 12 [FW-Vlanif12]firewall packet-filter 3001 outbound [FW-Vlanif12]quit [FW]interface Ethernet 2/0/0 [FW-Ethernet2/0/0]firewall packet-filter 3000 outbound [FW-Ethernet2/0/0]firewall packet-filter 3002 inbound
After the configurations are complete, test network connectivity. Enable the Telnet function on R3 for the test.
[R3]user-interface vty 0 4 [R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode none
Information similar to the following indicates that the Telnet and ping access between R1 and the IP address 10.0.3.3 is available but other access modes are unavailable.
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3
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PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=6 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/3/6 ms [R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.20.2 PING 10.0.20.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out
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HCDA-HNTD Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.20.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R1]quit <R1>telnet 10.0.3.3 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.3.3 ... Connected to 10.0.3.3 ... <R3>quit Configuration console exit, please retry to log on The connection was closed by the remote host <R1>
Information similar to the following indicates that the Telnet and ping access between R2 and the IP address 10.0.3.3 is available. R2 can access the 10.0.1.0/24 and 10.0.10.0/24 network segments. Other access modes are unavailable.
<R2>ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=4 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/4 ms <R2>ping 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms
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Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.10.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/3 ms <R2>ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=5 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=11 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/5/11 ms <R2>ping 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss <R2>telnet 10.0.3.3 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.3.3 ... Connected to 10.0.3.3 ... <R3>quit
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HCDA-HNTD Configuration console exit, please retry to log on The connection was closed by the remote host <R2>
Information similar to the following indicates that R3 cannot access other network segments.
[R3]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R3]ping -c 1 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out --- 10.0.10.1 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R3]ping -c 1 10.0.20.2 PING 10.0.20.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out --- 10.0.20.2 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R3]ping -c 1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
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[R3]ping -c 1 10.0.30.254 PING 10.0.30.254: 56 Request time out --- 10.0.30.254 ping statistics --1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

During this exercise, R3 cannot send packets to the IP address 10.0.2.2. When R2 uses 10.0.2.2 as the source address to send packets to R3, the response packets can pass through the firewall. Why? How does the firewall enable this function?
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.254 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.20.2 255.255.255.0
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HCDA-HNTD # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.30.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.30.254 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode none # return [FW]display current-configuration # sysname FW # vlan batch 1 12 # firewall session link-state check # # runmode firewall # acl number 3000
rule 5 permit tcp destination 10.0.3.3 0 destination-port eq telnet rule 10 permit icmp destination 10.0.3.3 0 rule 15 deny ip # acl number 3001
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rule 5 deny ip # acl number 3002 rule 5 deny ip # interface Vlanif12 ip address 10.0.20.254 255.255.255.0 firewall packet-filter 3001 outbound # interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.10.254 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet1/0/0 portswitch port link-type access port access vlan 12 # interface Ethernet2/0/0 ip address 10.0.30.254 255.255.255.0 firewall packet-filter 3002 inbound firewall packet-filter 3000 outbound # ip route-static 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.10.1 ip route-static 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.20.2 ip route-static 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.30.3 # return [S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # dns resolve # vlan batch 11 to 13 # stp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access
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HCDA-HNTD port default vlan 11 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21 port link-type access port default vlan 11 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # return
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Lab 9-3 Eudemon Firewall Zone Configuration Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: How to configure firewall security zones Parameter settings for security zones How to filter packets transmitted between different zones
Topology
Figure 9.3 Lab topology for Eudemon firewall zone configuration
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company's network at headquarters is divided into three zones: trust, untrust, and DMZ. You intend to control inter-zone traffic using the firewall. On S1, configure three network segments: G0/0/1 to G0/0/21 for accessing VLAN11, G0/0/2 to G0/0/22 for accessing VLAN12, and G0/0/3 to G0/0/23 for accessing VLAN13. You need to achieve the following configurations to meet work requirements: Users in the trust zone can access users in the untrust zone. Users in the trust and untrust zones can access users in the DMZ zone. Users in the untrust zone cannot directly access users in the trust zone. Users in the DMZ zone cannot directly access users in the trust and untrust zones.
Set IP addresses for R1, R2, and R3.

<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.10.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0
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[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.30.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
Note that E1/0/0 is an interface on the Layer-2 switch and you cannot directly set an IP address for it. In this exercise, configure the VLAN12, the VLANIF12 interface, and the IP address 10.0.20.254/24 for the gateway in the inside zone. By default, the firewall automatically assigns an IP address for its VLANIF1. Delete this configuration to prevent any interference during the exercise.
Configure the VLAN on S1 based on requirements.

[Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]vlan batch 11 to 13 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
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HCDA-HNTD [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 13
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 12 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 13
After the configurations are complete, perform a test on the firewall to detect the network connectivity in the same zone.
[FW]ping 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.10.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.20.2 PING 10.0.20.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.20.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
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[FW]ping 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 2
connectivity.
Configure default routes on R1, R2, and R3 and specific static routes on the firewall to implement the connectivity between the three network segments that are connected by three Loopback0 interfaces.
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.10.254 [R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.20.254 [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.30.254 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.2 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.3
After the configurations are complete, test the connectivity between the network segments that connect to each other using Loopback0 interfaces.
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms
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HCDA-HNTD --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/3/4 ms [R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Step 3
Configure interfaces to access security zones.
By default, the firewall isolates the network into four zones: local, trust, untrust, and DMZ. In this exercise, only trust, untrust, and DMZ zones are involved.
[FW]firewall zone dmz [FW-zone-dmz]add interface Ethernet 2/0/0 [FW-zone-dmz]firewall zone trust [FW-zone-trust]add interface Vlanif 12 [FW-zone-trust]firewall zone untrust [FW-zone-untrust]add interface Ethernet 0/0/0
By default, devices in all zones can communicate with each other. Information similar to the following indicates that the communication from the untrust zone to the trust zone is normal.
<R1>ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms
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Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/3 ms
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the untrust zone to the DMZ zone is normal.
<R1>ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=5 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/5 ms
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the trust zone to the untrust zone is normal.
Information similar to the following indicates that communication
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from the trust zone to the DMZ zone is normal.

Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the DMZ zone to the untrust zone is normal.
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the DMZ zone to the trust zone is normal.
<R3>ping -a 10.0.3.3 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=5 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms
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Configure the inter-zone policies to allow users in the trust zone to access other zones but not allow other zones to access each other.
[FW]firewall packet-filter default deny all [FW]firewall packet-filter default permit interzone trust untrust direction outbound [FW]firewall packet-filter default permit interzone trust dmz direction outbound [FW]firewall session link-state check
After the configurations are complete, test the inter-zone connectivity. Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the untrust zone to the trust zone is normal.
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the untrust zone to the DMZ zone is normal.
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out
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--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the trust zone to the untrust zone is normal.
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the trust zone to the DMZ zone is normal.
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the DMZ zone to the untrust zone is normal.
[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 10.0.1.1
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PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
Information similar to the following indicates that communication from the DMZ zone to the trust zone is normal.
[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss
Step 4
Configure the specific server used to allow the
untrust zone to access the DMZ zone.

In the DMZ zone, configure the server with IP address 10.0.3.3 to enable two functions: the Telnet service available for the untrust zone and ICMP ping for the network connectivity test.
[FW]policy interzone dmz untrust inbound [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound]policy 1 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-1]policy service service-set icmp [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-1]policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-1]action permit [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-1]quit [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound]policy 2 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-2]policy service service-set telnet
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[FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-2]policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-2]action permit [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-2]quit [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound]policy 3 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-3]action deny
You must enable the Telnet function on R3 before performing the Telnet test.
[R3]user-interface vty 0 4 [R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode none
Test network connectivity.

<R1>ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/4 ms <R1>ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=2 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=2 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms <R1>ping 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
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Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss <R1>telnet 10.0.3.3 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.3.3 ... Connected to 10.0.3.3 ... <R3>quit Configuration console exit, please retry to log on The connection was closed by the remote host <R1>telnet 10.0.30.3 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.30.3 ...
The preceding test results indicate how the data transmitted between zones is filtered. Except for the permitted data, all other data is filtered out.

In this exercise, you can replace the switch with the firewall to make configuration easier. However, most of the time, the scenario in this exercise is used in actual applications. What is the advantage of this application scenario?
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1
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HCDA-HNTD # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.10.254 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.20.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.30.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.30.254 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode none # return
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[FW]display current-configuration # sysname FW # firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local trust direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local trust direction outbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local untrust direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local untrust direction outbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local dmz direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone local dmz direction outbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone trust untrust direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone trust dmz direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone dmz untrust direction inbound firewall packet-filter default deny interzone dmz untrust direction outbound # vlan batch 1 12 # firewall session link-state check # # runmode firewall # interface Vlanif12 ip address 10.0.20.254 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.10.254 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet1/0/0 portswitch port link-type access port access vlan 12 # interface Ethernet2/0/0 ip address 10.0.30.254 255.255.255.0 # firewall zone local set priority 100 # firewall zone trust set priority 85 add interface Vlanif12
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HCDA-HNTD # firewall zone untrust set priority 5 add interface Ethernet0/0/0 # firewall zone dmz set priority 50 add interface Ethernet2/0/0 # ip route-static 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.10.1 ip route-static 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.20.2 ip route-static 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.30.3 # policy interzone dmz untrust inbound policy 1 action permit policy service service-set icmp policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 policy 2 action permit policy service service-set telnet policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 policy 3 action deny # return [S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # dns resolve # vlan batch 11 to 13 # stp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
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port link-type access port default vlan 11 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21 port link-type access port default vlan 11 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # return
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Lab 9-4 NAT Configuration on the Eudemon Firewall Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand: How to configure a network address translation (NAT) server on
the Eudemon firewall. How to configure the Easy IP feature on the Eudemon firewall.
Topology
Figure 9.4 Lab topology for NAT configuration on the Eudemon firewall
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Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company network is isolated into three zones by the Eudemon firewall: untrust zone, trust zone, and demilitarized zone (DMZ). You need to release the Telnet service that is provided by a server with IP address 10.0.3.3 in the DMZ zone. The external IP address of the server is 10.0.10.20/24. Users in the trust zone can access the untrust zone by means of Easy IP. Other access methods are not allowed. On S1, you need to configure three network segments: G0/0/1 to G0/0/21 for accessing VLAN11, G0/0/2 to G0/0/22 for accessing VLAN12, and G0/0/3 to G0/0/23 for accessing VLAN13.
Configure IP addresses for R1, R2, and R3.

<Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.10.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24 <Huawei>system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.30.3 24
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HCDA-HNTD [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface loopback 0 [R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
Note that E1/0/0 is an interface on the Layer-2 switch and you cannot directly set an IP address for it. In this exercise, you need to configure VLAN12, the VLANIF12 interface, and the IP address 10.0.20.254/24 for the gateway in the trust zone. By default, the firewall automatically assigns an IP address for its VLANIF1. You need to delete this configuration to prevent any interference during the experiment.
Configure VLANs on S1 as required.

[Quidway]sysname S1 [S1]vlan batch 11 to 13 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 11 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 12
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[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 13
After the configurations are complete, test link connectivity in the same zone on the firewall.
[FW]ping 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.10.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.10.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.20.2 PING 10.0.20.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.20.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.20.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.30.3 PING 10.0.30.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.30.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms
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HCDA-HNTD --- 10.0.30.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 2
connectivity.
Configure default routes on R2 and R3 and specific static routes on the firewall to implement the connectivity between the three network segments that are connected by three Loopback0 interfaces. R1, an Internet device, does not require you to define default routes because R1 does not need to know any private network information about the trust and DMZ zones.
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.20.254 [R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.30.254 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.2 [FW]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.3
Test the link connectivity of the three network segments on the firewall: 10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24, and 10.0.3.0/24.
[FW]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.2.2 PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
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Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms [FW]ping 10.0.3.3 PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms --- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Step 3
Configure interfaces for accessing security zones.
By default, the firewall has four zones: local, trust, untrust, and DMZ zones. In this experiment, only trust, untrust, and DMZ zones are involved.
[FW]firewall zone dmz [FW-zone-dmz]add interface Ethernet 2/0/0 [FW-zone-dmz]firewall zone trust [FW-zone-trust]add interface Vlanif 12 [FW-zone-trust]firewall zone untrust [FW-zone-untrust]add interface Ethernet 0/0/0
By default, devices in all zones can communicate with each other. Currently, however, devices in the untrust zone and in the trust and DMZ
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zones cannot access each other because NAT is not defined.
Step 4
Configure interzone packet filtering.
Packets can be sent from 10.0.2.0 in the trust zone to the untrust zone. Telnet requests can be sent from the untrust zone to the target server with IP address 10.0.3.3 in the DMZ zone.
[FW]firewall session link-state check [FW]policy interzone trust untrust outbound [FW-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound]policy 0 [FW-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]policy source 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 [FW-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]action permit [FW-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]quit [FW-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound]quit [FW]policy interzone dmz untrust inbound [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound]policy 0 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-0]policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-0]policy service service-set telnet [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-0]action permit [FW-policy-interzone-dmz-untrust-inbound-0]quit
Step 5
Configure the Easy IP feature to enable the trust
and untrust zones to access each other.

Configure the Easy IP feature, perform NAT translation, and bind the NAT to E0/0/0.
[FW]nat-policy interzone trust untrust outbound [FW-nat-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound]policy 0 [FW-nat-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]policy source 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 [FW-nat-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]action source-nat [FW-nat-policy-interzone-trust-untrust-outbound-0]easy-ip Ethernet 0/0/0
After the configurations are complete, check whether the trust and untrust zones can access each other.
[R2]ping 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out
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Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss [R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1 PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=4 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=3 ms Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=3 ms --- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics --5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/4 ms
The preceding information shows that the connectivity between R2 and 10.0.1.1 is not working. After you perform the expanded ping and specify the source IP address of packets as 10.0.2.2, the connectivity is implemented. The cause of this problem is that packets are directly sent to 10.0.1.1 and the source IP address of packets is 10.0.20.2, which is not within the client IP address range of NAT translation.
Step 6
Release the Telnet service that is provided by the
internal server with IP address 10.0.3.3.

Configure the Telnet service on R3 with IP address 10.0.3.3 and map it to 10.0.10.20.
[FW]nat server protocol tcp global 10.0.10.20 telnet inside 10.0.3.3 telnet
Enable the Telnet function on R3 and test it on R1. Note that the external IP address of R3 is 10.0.10.20. When R1 needs to access 10.0.3.3, the destination address must be 10.0.10.20.
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HCDA-HNTD [R3]user-interface vty 0 4 [R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode none <R1>telnet 10.0.10.20 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode Trying 10.0.10.20 ... Connected to 10.0.10.20 ... <R3>

In this exercise, the simple Telnet service is selected for release. If the FTP application service needs to be released, what are the differences between releasing the two services in terms of principles and configurations? Analyze how the firewall processes FTP data from the aspect of two modes (proactive testing and passive monitoring) of the FTP application service.
[R1]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R1 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 # return [R2]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R2 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
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ip address 10.0.20.2 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.20.254 # return [R3]display current-configuration [V200R001C01SPC300] # sysname R3 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 10.0.30.3 255.255.255.0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.30.254 # user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode none # return [FW]display current-configuration # sysname FW # nat server 0 protocol tcp global 10.0.10.20 telnet inside 10.0.3.3 telnet # vlan batch 1 12 # firewall session link-state check # # runmode firewall # interface Vlanif12 ip address 10.0.20.254 255.255.255.0 #
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HCDA-HNTD interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 10.0.10.254 255.255.255.0 # interface Ethernet1/0/0 portswitch port link-type access port access vlan 12 # interface Ethernet2/0/0 ip address 10.0.30.254 255.255.255.0 # firewall zone local set priority 100 # firewall zone trust set priority 85 add interface Vlanif12 # firewall zone untrust set priority 5 add interface Ethernet0/0/0 # firewall zone dmz set priority 50 add interface Ethernet2/0/0 # ip route-static 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.10.1 ip route-static 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.20.2 ip route-static 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.30.3 # policy interzone trust untrust outbound policy 0 action permit policy source 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 # policy interzone dmz untrust inbound policy 0 action permit policy service service-set telnet policy destination 10.0.3.3 0 # nat-policy interzone trust untrust outbound policy 0
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action source-nat policy source 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 easy-ip Ethernet0/0/0 # return [S1]display current-configuration # !Software Version V100R006C00SPC800 sysname S1 # dns resolve # vlan batch 11 to 13 # stp enable # drop illegal-mac alarm # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 11 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/21 port link-type access port default vlan 11
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HCDA-HNTD ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22 port link-type access port default vlan 12 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23 port link-type access port default vlan 13 ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable # return
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Chapter 10 Comprehensive Exercise

Lab 10-1 Comprehensive Exercise Learning Objectives
The objective of this lab is to test whether you have understood how to configure the following items: Frame Relay (FR) Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Layer 3 switching Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) OSPF operating mode on a Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA)
network Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) function DHCP relay Firewall Network Address Translation (NAT)
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Topology
Figure 10.1 Topology for the comprehensive exercise
Scenario
Assume that you are a network administrator of a company. The company network is divided into three areas: headquarters network area, company branch network area, and branch office network area. Router R1 on which a firewall is installed resides in the headquarters network area. The firewall divides this area into three zones: Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), internal network zone consisting of five network segments, and external network zone. Router R2 resides in the company branch network area that consists of three network segments. Router R3 resides in the branch office network area that consists of only one network segment. The three network areas communicate with each other using the FR function. Private lines are leased to provide line backups for network services. For details about interface and IP address configurations, see the preceding figure.
HCDA-HNTD
Tasks
The purpose of this comprehensive exercise is to test whether you have understood the configuration methods described in the previous 19 labs. Therefore, only a brief description of the configuration procedures and verification methods, not specific commands, is provided.
Step 1
Perform basic configuration and set IP addresses.
Set IP addresses and configure VLANs based on the topology, and configure the FR function to achieve communication between different network areas. Test the network connectivity.
Layer 3 switching needs to be configured only for S1. The IP addresses of VLANIFs on S1 must be the same as those displayed in the preceding topology. R3 uses physical interface G0/0/2 to provide services for VLAN21, VLAN22, and VLAN23. Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP) must be disabled on FR interfaces. The mapping between Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs) of permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) on the FR interfaces and the peer IP addresses for the PVCs must be defined on R1, R2, and R3. No virtual circuit exists between R2 and R3. E1/0/0 on the firewall must be connected to the DMZ, but no IP address can be configured for this interface. This comprehensive exercise requires that an IP address be configured for VLANIF100 and the default interface VLANIF1 be deleted from the firewall.
Step 2
Configure OSPF.
Configure OSPF on R1, R2, R3, S1, and the firewall. Ensure that all the network segments belong to area 0. On FR interfaces, configure OSPF to operate in NBMA mode, the default mode. Configure all of the interfaces that do not need to send OSPF messages as silent interfaces. Enable MD5 authentication on the 10.0.123.0/24 network segment and set the authentication password to
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huawei. On the firewall, configure a default route with the next hop of 10.0.200.2. Set the route type to Type 1 and cost value to 20, and import this route to the OSPF area in permanent advertisement mode.
Step 3
Configure the DHCP service.
Configure the DHCP service on R1 to serve the devices on network segments including 10.0.11.0/24, 10.0.12.0/24, 10.0.13.0/24, 10.0.21.0/24, 10.0.22.0/24, and 10.0.23.0/24. Set the IP address of the Domain Name Server (DNS) to 10.0.200.200 and the IP address validity to three hours. Configure the DHCP relay function on R3 and ensure that the users in VLAN21, VLAN22, and VLAN23 can automatically obtain IP addresses. Configure VLANIF23 on S4 and test the DHCP service on the 10.0.23.0/24 segment. Configure VLANIF13 on S3 and test the DHCP service on the 10.0.13.0/24 segment.
Step 4
Configure the firewall.
Configure firewall functions and ensure that users on the internal network can access the external network, but users on the external network cannot access the internal network or the DMZ and users in the DMZ cannot access any network. By default, users on the internal network cannot access the DMZ. A server with IP address 10.0.100.11/24 resides in the DMZ to provide Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) services. The HTTP service is available to all areas, the FTP service is available to all addresses on the internal network, and the Telnet service is available only to 10.0.13.100/24.
Step 5
Configure NAT on the firewall.
Configure NAT on the firewall and enable the Easy-IP function so that users in the headquarters network area, company branch network area, and branch office network area can access the external network by means of NAT.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of this topology used for the comprehensive exercise?
[R1]display current-configuration
[S1]display current-configuration
[FW]display current-configuration
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Huawei Certification HCDA Lab Guide v1.5

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HCDA-HNTD

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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

Jan 2012 v1.5

Huawei Certification System

Lab environment specification

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Transfer Protocol (FTP). Restart a router.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Tasks Step 1 Connect devices.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Select a COM port.Selecting a COM port

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

View the system information.

HCDA-HNTD ......output omit......

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Change the system time parameter.

Use the question mark (?) or press Tab to enter

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Access the system view.

Change device names.

Change the name of the R2 router to R2.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Configure the login information.

Configure the login information to indicate the login result.

Configure the login authentication mode and

timeout interval of the console port.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Run the display this command to check the configuration results.

Configure IP addresses and descriptions for the

Run the display this command to check the configuration results.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Run the display interface command to view the interface description.

Output: 216 packets, 2700 bytes

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Step 10 Configure the telnet login mode.

Run the display this command to check the configuration results.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Run the display this command to check the configuration results.

Telnet to R2 from R1.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Based on the output above, the login is successful.

Step 11 Configure a super password for the device.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

(plain text) mode.

Run the display current-configuration command to check the configuration results.

Step 12 View the file list stored on the current device.

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Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

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Step 13 Upload and download files between R1 and R2 using FTP.

Create a local account ftpuser as the FTP login account on R2.

Log in to R2 from R1 using FTP.

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

1,927,476 KB total (1,856,548 KB free) <R1>

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Chapter 1 Basic Operations on the VRP Platform

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Step 14 Manage configuration files of a device.