Are leaders born or made? This is one of the most frequently asked questions in all leadership development.

To begin with, let's start with a definition of "leader." My friend and mentor, Dr. Paul Hersey, defines leadership as "working with and through others to achieve objectives." Given this definition, anyone in a position whose achievement requires the support of others can play the role of a leader. I love this definition because it supports the philosophy of "leadership at all levels," which is so critical in today's world of knowledge workers. Indeed, millions of people who are currently working with and though others to achieve objectives are already leaders. Whether think of themselves as leaders and whether they are fantastic leaders or disastrous leaders is another issue. So can people who are already working to influence others become more effective leaders? The answer is an unqualified "Yes." My partner, Howard Morgan, and I did and extensive study on leadership development programs involving over 86,000 participants in eight major corporations. Our findings were so conclusive they are almost impossible to dispute. Leaders who participated in a development program, received 360 feedback, selected important areas for improvement, discussed these with co-workers and followed-up with coworkers on a consistent basis (to check on progress) were rated as becoming dramatically better leaders -- not in a self-assessment, but in the assessment of coworkers -- six to eighteen months after the initial program. Leaders who participated in the same developmental programs -- and received the same type of feedback -- but did no follow-up were seen as improving no more than random chance. Here are some specific suggestions to increase your leadership effectiveness:

1. Get 360 feedback on your present level of effectiveness -- as judged by co-workers that you respect. 2. Pick the most important behaviors for change -- those you believe will enhance your effectiveness as a leader (i.e., "become a more effective listener" or "make decisions in a timely manner"). 3. Periodically ask co-workers for suggestions on how you can do an even better job in your selected behaviors for change. 4. Listen to their ideas (don't promise to change everything) and make the changes that you believe will further increase your effectiveness. 5. Follow-up and measure change in effectiveness over time. Are leaders born or made? If you are working with and through others to achieve objectives, you are already a leader. Can you become a more effective leader? Definitely.

People take birth with different interest and attitudes. It is fortunate for the people who take birth with leadership qualities but it is not necessary that they would perform well as it is all about courage, confidence, motivating skills and circumstances which an individual faces through his/her life. It is also a real fact that each man possess same things difference is just in way of thinking and interest. No doubt business schools try to emerge leadership qualities in a man to its best. But it is all about the theoretical knowledge and some amount of practical experience which are imparted by the business schools. The real field is something different. A true leader is on who is dynamic, confident, positive and who doesn't moves back in any kind of situation. Being confident may be inborn but tackling the

situation is to be learnt from the circumstances. Surely business schools produce big leaders but the basic nature of man never changes.

I feel that in this current scenario, Leader can be developed by allowing him/her to experience and take decisions. Apart from TATA, Birla and Ambani there are lot of companies that are being directed well by leaders. And those leaders are not born. There are thousands of companies that performed very well even in recession. In my opinion, in current scenario, a leader is a person who give direction to all resources in a company in order to keep that company sustainable and to grow more and more. So, Chanda kochhar from ICICI, Indira Nooi etc etc all are good professionals and leaders of today's business scenario. If we talk in context of current global world then Leasers can be created and managers can be guided!!

Leadership quality is not inborn but is adapted by the individual as per the environment. It is due to the fact that which type of surrounding we have and which type of people we are interacting.. Leadership quality is enhanced due to the type of circumstances we have faced and its actually the criteria depends on how much we are able to handle the pressure. So definitely all this should be learned by the situations in life not before life..

I agree that the leader we had in the past or present are not from any business schools but we must understand that the leadership quality they are having is the result of the situtation or circumstances faced by them. And the same thing is done by the business schools, they are giving the their students virtual situations to act so that the Leadership qulitiy or power a student (or anyone) is already having which is hidden inside can come out. Everyone can't be a leader because everyone is not facing the same situations. The circumstances of everyone is different. For example carbon is same but from the same carbon we have two allortopes diamond and grahite. As diamond get strong pressure and heat it is diamond and if graphite also suffered that heat and pressure it could also be diamond. A person come with all the positives and negatives with him, it is the circumstances which make the persons mind to respond. If he responded positively he can be diamond and if negativly a graphite. A ONE MUST UNDERSTAND THAT GRAPHITE IS ALSO A USEFUL PRODUCT. There must be followers else who will value leaders.

Leaders are leaders because there are followers, if all will be leaders then we can't get the conclusion.

Peter F. Drucker Leadership is not magnetic personalitythat can just as well be a glib tongue. It is not "making friends and influencing people"that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a person's vision to higher sights, the raising of a person's performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations.

Fate of Apple after Steve Jobs - Group Discussion Group Discussion 06-26-2012 02:06 AM For - Jobs was notorious as he had a firm grip on his product during its developmental phase. - He brought in the iPads, iPods and Macs which were all very distinct in design. - It will be next to impossible to have his brilliance; both as a product visionary and supersalesman transferred to any other person. - Jobs was a historic leader of Apple and it was his contribution and dedication that brought success to his company. - The impact of his new era technology has been monumental in growth of todays societies and cultures. Against - The company is well positioned and will have no effect whatsoever in the near future. - The investors and customers had grown accustomed to the idea of apple without it brilliant leader. - Apple shares had no impact even after the death of Jobs and is very likely to remain the same. - Jobs successor Cook is also hard working and some believe is a true heir to jobs throne. - Jobs has already laid the foundation of what comes next. Thus, it wont be wrong to say that Apple will do well even without the visionary Jobs.

Why Is Steve Jobs Important?: Steve Jobs is the co-founder of Apple Computers, the makers of well-designed, wellcoordinated, and good-looking personal home computers. Steve Jobs teamed together with Steve Wozniak to invent one of the first ready-made personal home computer. Steve Jobs was also a smart business who became a multimillionaire before the age of thirty. In 1984, Steve Jobs founded NeXT computers. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd and started Pixar Animation Studios. What Impact Did Steve Jobs Have On The History of Computers?: Steve Jobs co-invented the Apple I and Apple IIcomputers together with Steve Wozniak (main designer) and others. The Apple II is noted as the first commercially successful line of personal computers. In 1984, Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and others co-invented the Apple Macintosh computer, the first successful home computer with a mouse-driven graphical user. Steve Jobs Quotes: Woz[niak] was the first person I met who knew more about electronics than I did. A lot of companies have chosen to downsize, and maybe that was the right thing for them. We chose a different path. Our belief was that if we kept putting great products in front of customers, they would continue to open their wallets. Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren't used to an environment where excellence is expected. Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. You can't just ask customers what they want and then try to give that to them. By the time you get it built, they'll want something new. Steve Jobs - Biography:

Steve Jobs was born on February 24 1955, in Los Altos California. During his high school years, Jobs worked summers at Hewlitt-Packard, it was there that he first met his future business partner Steve Wozniak. He studied as an undergraduate: physics, literature, and poetry, at Reed College, Oregon, an interesting combination of subjects. Steve Jobs formally only attended only one semester at Reed College, however, he remained at Reed crashing on friend's sofas and auditing courses including a calligraphy class, which he attributes as being the reason Apple computers had such elegant typefaces. Atari After leaving Orefon in 1974 and returning to California, Steve Jobs started working for Atari, an early pioneer manufacturer of personal computers. Jobs' close personal friend Steve Wozniak was also working for Atari, and the future founders of Apple teamed together to design games for Atari computers. Hacking Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak also proved their chops as hackers, and designed a telephone blue box. A blue box was an electronic device that simulated a telephone operator's dialing console and provided the user with free phone calls. Steve Jobs spent plenty of time at Wozniak's Homebrew Computer Club, a haven for computer geeks and a source of invaluable information about the field of personal computers. Out of Mom and Pop's Garage Jobs and Wozniak had learned enough to try their hand at building personal computers. Using Steve Job's family garage as a base of operation, the team produced fifty fully assembled computers that were sold to a local Mountain View electronics store called the Byte Shop. The sale encouraged the pair to found the Apple Corporation on April 1, 1979. Apple Corporation The Apple Corporation was named after Steve Job's favorite fruit. The Apple logo was a representation of the fruit with a bite taken out of it. The bite represented a play on words - bite and byte.

During the early 80's, Steve Jobs controlled the business side of the Apple Corporation and Steve Wozniak, the design side. However, in 1984 a power struggle with the board of directors caused Steve Jobs to leave Apple. NeXT After things at Apple got a little rotten, Steve Jobs founded NeXT, a high-end computer company. Ironically Apple bought NeXT in 1996, and Steve Jobs returned to Apple to serve once more as its CEO from 1997 until his recent retirement in 2011. The NeXT was an amazing workstation computer that sold poorly. The world's first web browser was created on a NeXT, and the technology in NeXT software was transferred to theMacintosh and the iPhone. Disney Pixar In 1986, Steve Jobs bought "The Graphics Group" from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for ten million dollars. The company was later renamed Pixar. At first Jobs intended that Pixar become a high-end graphic hardware developer, but that goal was not well achieved, and Pixar moved on to do what it does best - make animated films. Steve Jobs negotiated Pixar and Disney to collaborate on a number of animated films including Toy Story. In 2006, Disneybought Pixar from Steve Jobs. Expanding Apple After Steve Jobs return to Apple as CEO in 1997, Apple Computers has had a renaissance in product development with the iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and more. Before his death, Steve Jobs was listed as the inventor and/or co-inventor on 342 United States patents, with technologies ranging from computer and portable devices, user interfaces, speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages. His last patent was issued for the Mac OS X Dock user interface and was granted the day before his death

Only Apple could sell 5 million iPhones in three days and still disappoint Wall Streets number crunchers. The Cupertino-based cash machines new mobile phone debuted last Friday, and consumers lined up around the block around the world to purchase the new device. In the SoHo neighborhood of New York City on Friday, a line more than 100 deep snaked around the corner at noon. The iPhone 5 didnt make my iPhone obsolete, a New York tech reporter remarked to me. (She was granted anonymity because she is not authorized to speak to the press.) All the people who are upgrading on the first weekend are cell-phone junkies. Shes right. The people who line up overnight with camping gear and sleeping bags days in advance to buy new Apple products are fanatics or what we would call fanboys. They must have the newest device as soon as possible. Not me: Im only now learning how to use an iPad, thanks to a friends instructions. Apple has reeled off one of the most profitable runs in the history of capitalism. This company, founded by a Reed College dropout and a Bay Area geek-genius, is sitting on over $100 billion cash. For perspective, thats $30 billion more than New York Citys annual budget. (MORE: How Googles Chief Innovator Sergey Brin Is Making Science Fiction Real) But the clouds over Cupertino, Calif., will hang especially low next Friday, on the first anniversary of Steve Jobs death. The Apple community has been in mourning for one year. Now its time to look again to the future. Theres a fundamental question here: What if Jobs already introduced all of Apples breakthrough products? After all, during his too-brief, once-in-a-century career, Jobs radically disrupted at least seven industries: personal computing, desktop software, music, mobile phones, publishing, tablet computers and Hollywood animation. (Joe Nocera at the New York Times approaches the issue from a different angle. Heres Vivek Wadhwas response.) Millions of us revere the memory of Jobs, but what if that era is over? Apple shares closed down 1.3% on Monday, after the companys first-weekend iPhone 5 sales failed to impress Wall Street. (The companys stock dropped another 2.47% on Tuesday.) Still, Apple shares have risen 70% this year, and the companys

market value constitutes an estimated 5% of the S&P 500. Overall iPhone sales are expected to rival the GDP of small Caribbean countries. We are not overly concerned with this disappointing number, as we believe this is a classic case of near-term expectations getting out of touch with reality, Sterne Agees Shaw Wu said (viaFortune) in a note titled Classic Case of Unrealistically High Expectations. We find it unfortunate that some analysts continue to publish irresponsible estimates without taking into account realistic demand trends and potential supply constraints on new in-cell touchscreens. (MORE: Is Apple Losing Its Shine After Steve Jobs?) Apples management team is led by a brilliant operational thinker: Tim Cook. Hes trying to preserve, maintain and extend the glory of his predecessor, a visionary marketing genius, Steve Jobs. Jobs was a tyrant. He demanded perfection. Nothing less was acceptable. Whenever Apple appears in the headlines which is almost daily, at this point Wall Street analysts try to divine the meaning of that days stock move. But Jobs didnt think quarter-toquarter about earnings. What did he care about? Delivering the best device to the user. In this way, Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer is a kindred spirit with Jobs: both are utterly obsessed with the user experience. On Wall Street, owning Apple ($AAPL) is de rigueur. Hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds, money-management firms, investment banks and other financial actors must own Apple. Why? Because its the largest and most successful American company of the new millennium. Apple is Americas new blue-chip firm, the Big Blue for the 21st century. Heres the bottom line: Apple has become a symbol of American success. Until the end, Jobs was completely focused on a company he co-founded a firm that is now worth $650 billion. But Jobs was always about much more than just money. He was a billionaire several times over, but his focus always remained on the user experience. The one-year anniversary of Steve Jobs death is a bittersweet moment for Apple shareholders: the stock is reaching new heights, but the companys hero is gone.

Apple After Jobs: Looking at the Future Beyond iPad, iPhone and MacBook
By Tim Scannell, Editorial Director

Despite the millions of words, both print and digital, written this past week about Apple co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs, it is safe to say that we probably knew very little about the man, the myth and the icon. In fact, of all the people over the years who led and shaped the personal computer and consumer electronics industries, Jobs was perhaps the most enigmatic. His personality and presence drove Apple to new heights in terms of innovation and design. It also created an almost cult-like following among users of the companys products, who lined up for days to hear him speak at trade shows and events.

Conversely, Jobs was also an extremely private and introspective person, whose passion was simplicity and utility. Over the course of his life, his influence touched nearly every facet of our lives, from personal computers and phones to music, tablet devices and animated movies. But, Jobs was never

obsessed with legacy or immortality, but rather with just providing ways for people to do better in their personal and working lives. He was also a person who recognized the importance of learning from failures, as he had when fired from Apple by the very man he had hired and later returning to take control and steer the company into new and exciting areas of technology. There were also a number of unsuccessful technology launches like the failed Lisa and early MessagePad personal digital assistant.