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rSefxJwGif rdrd\tvSudk apYpyfpGmjyefvnfoHk;oyfrdonf/ tjypftemtqmr&Sdyg/ tydk
tvdkr&Sd ysKdjrpfEke,f zGHUxGm;jcif; tzHkzHkwdkYonf tm;vHk;uGufwd/ aMu;rHkjyifay:wGif
xif[yfaeaom rdrd\kyfoGifonf yuwdtwdkif; txift&Sm;&Sdaom tvStwdkif;
tm;vHk; IdufzdkBuD;i,fwdkYonf wif;jynfhMuyfjynfh/
,ifzdkyifroef;zl;ao;aom tysKdpif ...
rwfwwf&yf udk,fudkwpfywf0JMunfhvdkufjyefonf/ olr\ aemufydkif;tvSudk
orifvnfjyefav; Munhfvdkuf\/ yk&dowdkY ... uRwfusrwwf rsufvHk;BuD;awGeJY
Munfhcsifp&myif/
rSefayonfwum; ...
olrudk uRwfusrwwfrsufvHk;BuD;awGESifY Munfhaeol tDprdkifudk olr rjrifrd
ygacswum; ...
taqmifrSm a&rvmojzifY at;rdpHa&csKd;&ef tjyifbHkbdkifodkY xGufvmcJYonf/
narSmifpyaebD ...
a&bHkbdkifwGif vl&Sif;vsuf&Sd\/ at;rdpHonf a&bHkbdkifrSa&rsm;udk ZvHkxJodkY
xnfhaeonf/ xbD&ifvsm;xm;onf/ vHk;0ef;tdpufaeaom &ifom;tpHkonf avsmY&J
a&pdkaeaom xbDESifY uyfvsuf&SdonfrdkY ay:vGifvS\/ wudk,fvHk;a&pdkaeojzifY
zGHUx,faom udk,fvHk;tvSu ay:vGifaeonf/
tMuHorm;tDprdkifuvnf; a&csKd;&eftwGuf at;rdpH&Sd&modkY xGufvmcJYonf/
tDprdkifu pwifEkwfquf\/
a[; ... rdpH ... a&vmcsKd;wmvm; ... eifwdkYtaqmifrSm a&rvmjyefbl;
xifw,f ...
pum;a&mazga&mvmajymaom
jyefajym\/

tDprdkifudk

at;rdpHu

eifua&m a&csKd;wmaemufusvScsnfvm; tDprdkif ...

t[J ... igAGD'D,dk MunfhaevdkY ...

txdkuftavsmuf

 uJ 'gqdkvJ igt&ifcsKd;vdkuftHkr,f ... eifcPaetHk;[m ...

bmvJ ... [JY ...

at;rdpHu a&udk ujymuoDcsKd;\/

eifYudkigajymp&mwck&SdvdkY ...

AGD'D,dkum;u odyfaumif;'gbJ[m ...

tDprdkifu pum;qufjyefonf/ at;rdpHu bmajymajym rMum;csifa,mif
aqmifaevdkufonf/
rif;orD;u odwfvSwmyJ ...
tDprdkifonf at;rdpHa&csKd;aeonfudk teD;uyfjrifae&\/
at;rdpHonf a&pdk&TJvsuf xbD&ifvsm;ESifYyif w0kef;0kef; avmif;csKd;aeonf/
tDprdkifu olr\ tcsKd;tqufudkom Munhfaerdjyefonf/ vufvIyfvdkufwdkif; vdkufvIyf
aeaom &ifom;rsm;udk twdkif;om;awGUjrifae&ayonf/
tDprdkifonf rdef;rysKdwpfa,mufa&csKd;aeonfudk ajymifajymifwif;wif;yif
Munfhae&if; apmapmujrifuGif;udk jyefvnfjrifa&mifvmonf/ at;rdpH\ apmufzkwf
uav;u jzLjzLazG;azG; azgif;azgif;tdtduav;? vdk;csifp&m oefYoefYpifpif wif;wif;
apYapYav;&,fyg/ tDprdkifawG;&if; aygifMum;xJu vD;BuD;u axmifrwfvmjyefonf/
[JY ... tDprdkif ... bm&yfMunfhaewmvJ ...
at;rdpHtckrS owdxm;rdonf/ tDprdkifu olrudkpdkufMunfhaeonf/ &ifvsm;
xm;aom xbDonf avsmY&J&Jjzpfae\/ xbDudkjyif0wfonf/ a&ESifYuyfae
vG,fvG,fulul &ifvsm;r&/ tDprdkifudk vSrf;Munfhonf/ tDprdkifMunfhaepJ/
tDprdkif&ifxJ [movdkjzpfae\/ &ifyltmajcmufNyD; at;rdpHudk wyfrufjcif;
BuD;pGmjzifY pdkufMunhfaeonf/
at;rdpHaMumufvmonf/
eifbmjzpfaewmvJ ... tDprdkif ...
tDprdkifvIyf&Sm;vmonf/
rdpH ...
tDprdkif&ifacgif;oHBuD;jzifYac:\/ at;rdpH wkefoGm;onf/ kwfw&ufrdkY txdwf
wvefY/

olat;rdpHtem;uyfvmonf/ tay:ydkif;tus0wfrxm;ojzifY olY&ifbwfarT;

rsm;u xlNydef;vsuf ay:vGifaeonf/ olYtarT;rsm;udkMunhfNyD; at;rdpH toJ,m;rdonf/
olYudk bmrSjyefrajymrd/
AGD'D,dkxJurif;orD;eJY eifu odyfwlwmbJ[m ...
tJ'gbmjzpfvJ ...
at;rdpH aemufodkY tenf;i,fqkwfvkdufonf/ olu bmrajym nmrajymESifY
vufudkqGJ\/ tDprdkifab;bDudk tuJcwf&if; aemufvufwzufjzifY at;rdpH\
vufarmif;udk qwfueJqGJudkifvdkuf\/
tJ'DawmY eifYudk igudufw,f[m ...
tdk; ... bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ ...
at;rdpH rsufvHk;av; t0dkif;om;jzifY jyefMunfhaeonf/ &ifawGwkefvmonf/
avmavmq,f bmvkyf&rSef;rod/ vufudkkef;xGuf ajy;&ef kwfw&uf owdr&/
tDprdkiftenf;i,frl;aeyHk&onf/ rsufvHk;rsm;vJ &GJaeovdk? vuf&JZuf&Jjzpfae\/
*ef*smkdufxm;[efvnf;wl\/ at;rdpHvufudk rvTwfao;/ rvTwfonfhtjyif qGJyif
ac:ae\/
tdk; ... vTwfyg ... eifbmvkyfrvdkYvJ tDprdkif ...
tDprdkifurvTwf? at;rdpH owdav;0ifvmonf/ vufudkaqmifYkef;vdkufonf/
odkYaomf tiftm;jcif;rrQojzifY olr\udk,fvHk;av;rSm tDprdkif\ &ifcGifxJodkY t&SdefjzifY
a&mufoGm;\/ tDprdkifu at;rdpH\ cg;usOfusOfav;udk qGJzufvdkufNyD; yg;jyifEkEkudk
&TwfueJ erf;\/ NyD;awmY ESif;qDzl;yHk EIwfcrf; azgif;azgif;av;udk pkwferf;&efud;pm;\/
at;rdpH olY&ifywfus,fBuD;udkwGef;cGmxm;&if; rsufESmav;udk [dkvTJ'DvTJwdrf;a&Smifonf/
olY&ifywf tarT;Murf;awGu rdpHvufz0g;EkEkudk ,m;usdusdjzpfaponf/
aygif;jcif;xduyfaeojzifY olYvacsmif;rmBuD;u xdk;xdk;axmifaxmifjzifY rdpH
aygifMum;xJudk vmaxmuf\/ rdpHtoJ uvduvd jzpfoGm;rd\/

 vTwfaemftDprdkif ... eifr,kwfrmeJYaemf ...

cspfvdkYyg ... rdpH&,f ...
bmcspfwmvJ ... igrudufbl; ... tdk; ... rvkyfygeJYqdk ...
tDprdkif\vufarmif;BuD;wpfzufu rdpH\ cg;odrfav;udk a>rBuD;wpfaumif
&pfywfxm;ovdk wif;usyfpGm qGJ,layGUzufxm;\/ rmawmifYawmifY tacsmif;BuD;u
rdpHaygif;Mum;wGif vmaxmufae\/ rdpH xGefYxGefYvl;oGm;onf/
a[m ... [dkrSm pwmBuD;qif;vmNyD
xdkuJYodkYajymrS tDprdkifvefYoGm;NyD; at;rdpHudk kwfw&uf vTwfay;vdkufonf/
tDprdkifavSum;ay:odkY vSrf;Munfhonf/ b,folrSr&Sd ...
tDprdkifvufrS vGwfoGm;aom at;rdpHu vSpfueJ olr\a&cGufESifY qyfjymcGuf
udk qGJ,lNyD; ajy;xGufoGm;awmYonf/ aemufudkvHk;0rMunhfrdavmufatmif toJwkef
tlwkef jzpfoGm;&onf/ ,ifzdkroef;zl;aom tysKdpifuav;\ yg;jyifrGwfrGwfrSm tDprdkifY
ESmacgif;uo&rf;oGm;ayNyD/ tdk ... &Sufvdkufonfhjzpfjcif;/
at;rdpH &Suf&GHU &ifzdpGmjzifY taqmifwGif;odkYajy;0ifcJYonf/ 0SL; ... b,folrS
rjrifvdkufvdkYawmfao;wmaygY ...
a&bHkbdkifwGif aMumif&yfaeaom tDprdkifrSm at;rdpH\ oGufoGufcgwHkoGm;aom
aemufydkif;tvSudk Munhfum rcsifYr&J jzpfusefcJYawmYonf/
q&mrav; eef;rlwpfa,muf jreEmaq;kHwGif tvkyfqif;cJYonfrSm wpfywf
jynfhcJYayNyD/ aq;kHrS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifYvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm; oduRrf;cifrifvsuf &SdNyD/
eef;rludk uGefaygif'gtDprdkifwdkYtkyfpkrS ESpfvHk;om;vSwJY q&mrav; [k uifyGef;wyf
xm;onf/ rodoltwGufawmY emrnfrSm kd;kd;av;jzpf\/ trSefawmY tDprdkifwdkY\
t"dyg,fuwpfrsKd;? xdkemrnfonf eef;rl\ &ifom;pdkifESpfrTmtvSudk *kPfyxm;jcif;
aywnf;/
eef;rl\ cEmudk,ftvSwGif txl;ojzifY olr\a&TiHk,SOfzuf pHkESpfcufu
<um;<um;rdkYrdkY zGHUpdkYpdkYESifY tifrwefMunfhaumif;atmif vHk;0ef;vSyvGef;onf/
xdkYaMumifY eef;rlonf ESpfvHk;om;vSwJY q&mrav; yifjzpfawmY\/

txl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwmaumif;ZHonf eef;rludk ydkrsufESmomay;onf/

tcGifYta&;vnf;ay;wwfonf/ 'gudk tjcm;q&mrawGu enf;enf;awmY0efwdkyHk&\/
a'gufwmaumif;ZH ta&;ay;jcif;aMumifYr[kwfyg/ eef;rlvSaomaMumifY jzpfyg\/
NyD;awmY vufaxmufq&m0ef a'gufwmrif;'if\ raumif;rIowif;udkvnf;
at;rdpHrSwqifY eef;rlodxm;onf/ olonf eef;rlwdkYvdk rEl;reyf aumifrav;awGudk
uyfonf/ wdkYueef;qdwfueef; yonf/ Mum;&orQawmY vG,fvQif vG,fovdk
MuHwwfonfwJY/ [kwfygonf? olonf eef;rludkvnf;aumif; at;rdpHudkvnf;aumif;
yg;uav;vdrfqGJvdkuf? cg;uav;wdkYvdkufESifY vkyfwwfonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif eef;rl
rsufESmrxm;wwfatmif &SufvSonf/ at;rdpHu dk;aeNyDxifonf odwfwkefvIyfyHkr&/
wcgw&H eef;rltvkyfvkyfae&if; aemufovdkajymifovdkESifY wifyg;udk
vmykwfonf/ xkdtcgrsKd;wGif eef;rl ta0;udk a&Smifwwf\/
wcgwkef;u vlemwpfa,mufudk ukwifESpfvHk;Mum;wGif rvGwfrvyf0if&if;
aq;oGif;aecdkuf a'gufwmrif;'ifu eef;rlaemufrS vm&yfonf/ eef;rlu tvkyfIyf
aeojzifY rvl;omrvGefYom? ukef;aeaom eef;rl\zifESpfvHk;Mum;odkY aemufrS&yfaeaom
olYvD;BuD;jzifY vmaxmufxm;onf/ eef;rlwkefvIyfoGm;onf/ tawGUtuHr&Sdao;aom
eef;rltzdkY tae&txdkif& cufvdkufonfhjzpfjcif;? rvIyf&Sm;omojzifY tomNidrfae
vkdufawmY olYvD;BuD;jzifY zifMum;wavsmuf yGwfoyfaevdkufao;onf/ eef;rl rodcsif
a,mif aqmifaevdkuf&onf/ 'grsKd;awGu 'Daq;kHrSm kd;aeNyDxifyg&JU/
q&m0efBuD;a'gufwmaumif;ZHuawmY pdwfaumif;&Sdonf/ aiGaMu;pdkYpdkYydkYydkY&rnfh
pyg,f&S,fvlemcef;rsKd;qdkvQif eef;rludk *sLwDcsay;wwf\/ olYudkwrsKd;awmY aus;Zl;wif
&onf/ wcsKdUvlemolaX;awGbmawGudk wm0ef,l&vQif olwdkYuvnf;oabmusvQif
eef;rl abmufpl;rsm;pGm&&Sd\/ eef;rlaiGvdkygonf/ t&rf;t&rf;udk vdktyfaeygonf/
&Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;wae&mwGif usefcJYaom olr\ a&m*gonfzciftdkBuD;udk uko&ef
aiGaMu;ajrmufrsm;pGm pkaqmif;&rnfr[kwfygvm;/
eef;rl ... tay:xyf tar&duefoHkH;u ... a&wyfAdkvfr;wpfa,muf&JU
pyg,f&S,fcef;rSm wm0efusw,fwJY ...
pwmBuD;u *sLwDowfrSwfcsufudk vmajymonf/ eef;rl0rf;omoGm;onf/
EdkifiHjcm;om;qdkawmY aiGaMu;ydkrdk&&Sdwwfonfav ...
eef;rl tay:xyfpyg,f&S,fcef;odkY wufvmcJYonf/

tcef;xJ0ifvdkufawmY ppfAdkvfqdkolrSm toufoHk;q,fausmfcefYom &SdOD;rnf

jzpfNyD; oefrmxGm;usKdif;vSonf/ t&yfrSm ajcmufayausmfcefY&SdrnfjzpfNyD;? EIwf;crf;arT;
yg;odkif;arT;xlvjypfrsm;jzifYjzpf\/ olYudkMunhfNyD; eef;rltoJ,m;rdwmawmYtrSefyif ...
[dkif; eyf(pf) ... urf;rif ... 0ifcJYygq&mr ...
olut*Fvdyfvdka&m jrefrmvdkyg tar&duefoH0J vSrf;EIwfqufonf/ olArm
pum;wwfom;yJ [krSwfcsufcsrd\/ eef;rlwcsufyH;jyvdkufNyD; olYukwifajc&if;odkY
oGm;um oHabmifwGif csdwfqJGxm;aom r,f'Du,fvfx&drifYcsyfudk ,lMunfhvdkufonf/
ar*sm ... 'pfprpf/
olonftdrfaxmifonfwpfOD;jzpf\/ olYZeD; touf ( 25 ) ESpft&G,f *syef
trsKd;orD;plZDESifY tdrfaxmifusonf/ tdrfaxmifouf ( 4 ) ESpftwGif; ESpfa,mufpvHk;
rHaeMuaomaMumifY uav;r&Edkif om;orD;vdkcsifvGef;aomaMumifY cGJpdwfukorI cH,l
onfwJY/ olwdkYu wrsKd;ygvm;/ tjcm;vlawGusawmY uav;rvdkcsifvdkY om;aMum
jzwfonf/ olwdkYusawmY uav;vdkcsifvdkYwJY ...
NyD;awmY a*:vDoGif;onfqdkvm; bmvm;? 'gudkawmY eef;rlem;rvnf/ aeygtHk;
oluawmY cGJpdwfukoNyD;oGm;vdkYcav;&EdkifygNyDwJY olYrdef;rusawmY b,fvdkukOD;rvJ ...
eef;rlpOf;pm;&cufaepOf? csyfatmufwGifa&;xm;aom olemyaqmif&Guf&ef
TefMum;vTmudk zwfMunfhvdkufonf/
[dkrkef;tm;wdk;aq; wpfaeYwpfvHk; xdk;ay;&ef/ a,mufsm;vdifwef cGJpdwfuko
xm;aom tem rusufrcsif; aq;aMumaq;xnfhay;&ef ...
tdk ... [k eef;rlpdwfxJrS a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/ tm;yg;yg; rvG,fygvm;/
eef;rlvdk tysKdpifav;u a,mufsm;wpfa,muf\vD;udk aeYpOfudkifwG,fae&ayvdrfYrnf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifonf vlemprf;oyfcef;xJwGif *syefuav;wpfa,mufESifY
pum;ajymvsuf&Sdonf/
*syefrav;u tawmYudkvSonf Armpum;udk aumif;aumif;rajymwwf/ *syef
qHawmufESifY t0gEka&mif zJom;rDeDpuyfuav;udk 0wfqifxm;ojzifY aumfywfkyf
uav;wpfckvdk olr\udk,fvHk;tvSu ay:vGifvSonf/ puyfrSm aygifvnfavmufxd
wdkaeay&m ajcwacsmif;ay:wacsmif;csdwf xkdifxm;ojzifY ajcovHk;om;0if;0if;av;rsm;
omur aygif;wGif;om; azG;azG;av;rsm;udkyg jrifae&onf/ tom;u azG;Oaeonf/

a&Ttdka&mifarT;Sif;uav;rsm;u ajcovHk;om;0if;0if;av;rsm;ay:wGif vSy

cspfp&myg ...
jzLEkaomajczrdk;av;rsm;rSonf txufudkwjznf;jznf;MunfhvdkufvQif vHk;uspf
0ifY0gaom aygifwef&SnfBuD;tpHkonf rxd&ufrudkif&ufp&m 0if;0if;0g0g/ xdkaygifwef
BuD;rsm;txufydkif;wGifrawmY jynfhNzdK;pGifYum;aom wifom;pdkifwdkYu wif;usyfaom rDeD
puyfatmufwGif yuwdt&Sdtwdkif;/ ao;usifaomcg;av;\ txufydkif;rSmawmY
bavmuftusav;twGif; tcktcHrygbJ0wfxm;aom &iftpHkonf vHk;<uum
xif;xif;BuD; ay:vGifaeonf/ EdkYoD;acgif;av;rsm;udkyif a&;a&;av;jrif&\/ tus
vnfyif;u [dkufvGef;ojzifY olr\EdkYESpfvHk;rSm toufIwcsuf pum;wpfcGef;xGuf
vdkufonfESifYyif taysmYom;atmufrSm wqwfqwfwkefcgvdkYaeonf/
pD;u&ufwpfvdyfavmuf aomufvdkY&rvm; a'gufwm ...
&ygw,f ... plZD ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu olYvufxJrS pD;u&ufbl;udk ,lum *syefrav; plZDxH
urf;ay;vdkufonf/ olrvSrf;,lvdkufpOf vufacsmif;av;rsm;jzifY rawmfwqxdcwf
oGm;\/ xdktcgrsuf0ef;awGu tvdkvdkyifqHkoGm;&\/ plZDonf qHkrdaomtMunfhudk
pD;u&ufbl;qD jyefa&TUonf/
wpfvdyfudk xkwf,lum jynfhwif;aom EIwfcrf;zl;zl;awGMum;rSmwyfonf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifvufxJrSm udkifxm;aom rD;jcpfav;u tvdkufodpGmyif axmufueJ
rD;awmufuav;yGifYoGm;onf/
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onf/ cEmudk,fcsif; tawmfyifeD;uyfoGm;onfrdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; wpfrlxl;jcm;aom
tmkHrsm;udk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
cyf[[&Sdaom tusatmuffrS &ifGefY0if;0if;av;rsm;u vSyf ray:w0uf
ay:w0ufjzifY jrifvdkuf&onf/ a'gufwmrif;'ifpdwfawG rlrrSefcsifawmY ...
uJ... plZD... uRefawmfYudkbmrS&SufraeeJYaemf plZD&JUarG;vrf;aMumif;awGbmawG
udk prf;oyfMunhf&atmif ukwifay:wufvdkufygvm; ...
&ufpf ... a'gufwm ...

aumifrav;rSm &Jwif;yGifYvif;olyDyD ukwifay:odkY tomwufvdkufonf/

a'gufwmrif;'if plZD\tvSudk &rufqla0pGmjzifY pdkufMunhfaeNyD; tem;uyfvmonf/
tdyf,mcif;jzLjzLav;ay:wGif yufvuftaetxm; 'l;axmifxm;aom *syefrav;\
tvSudkjrif&ol a,mufsm;om;rsm;tzdkY pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,f&mtwd ...
abmif;bDcRwfvdkufav ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu owday;vdkufawmYrS racsmav;u &Sufudk;&Sufuef;jzifY
rDeDpuyfatmuf&Sd atmufcHabmif;bDudk qGJcRwfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf puyfudkawmY
tay:odkYrvSefao;? aumifrav; &Sufae[efwlonf/
'Dvdk &SufaevdkY ... NyD;rSmr[kwfbl; plZD&JU ... uJuJ&Suf&ifrsufpdydwfxm;aemf
uRefawmfzmom vSefMunhfr,f ...
plZDu tdyf,mcif;jzLjzLudk olr\rsufESmay:odkY qGJwiftkyfvdkuf\/
a'gufwmrif;'ifvufawGwkefaeonf/ &ifawGu w'def;'def;ckefaeonf/ puyfuav;udk
tay:odkY wjznf;jznf; vSef rwifvdkufonf/ plZDaygifESpfvHk;udk apYxm;\/
aemufqHk;rSmawmY rDeDpuyfav;onf plZD\ cg;v,fwdkifatmif vefwufoGm;
ayNyD/ xdktcg xdefxdefvif;aom av;ayrD;acsmif;atmufwGif plZD\ aygifom;azG;azG;
ESpfvHk;Mum; ... 0rf;ysOf;om;0if;0if;atmuf qD;pyfwGif tarT;rJrJav;rsm;zHk;tkyfaeaom
apmufzkwfazgif;azgif;tdtdav;u aygifESpfvHk;Mum;rS ray:w0uf ay:w0ufjzifY ...
aygifum;vdkufygvm; plZD ...
plZDa'gufwmYudk rMunfh&J 'gayr,fYrsufESmudk tkyfxm;ojzifY awmfao;onf/
olYtvdkus aygifESpfacsmif;udk tenf;i,fjzJay;vdkufonf/ xdktcgckef;rdkYazmif;<uvsuf
&Sdaom plZD\ apmufywfuav;onf xif;xif;BuD;ay:vmawmYonf/ uav;rarG;bl;
ao;ojzifY ttdkwpfa,muf[k xif&ufp&mr&Sd/ tysKdpifuav;wpfa,muf\ t*Fgpyf
uav;vdk yuwdapYvsufyif&Sdae\/ wu,fawmYplZDrSm Adkvfr;'pfprpf\ cspfvSpGmaom
ZeD;i,fjzpfayonf/ tdrfaxmifoufav;ESpftwGif;Adkvfr;'pfprpfuolrudk tBudrfaygif;
ra&rwGufEdkifatmif vdk;cJYzl;ayNyD/
a'gufwmrif;'ifonf plZD\vSyaom apmufzkwfuav;udkaphaphMunhfae&if;u
wudk,fvHk;&m*aoG;awG bavmifqlvm\/ plZD\apmufzkwfuav;udk tvGefyifvdk;csif
vmaompdwfudk renf;BuD;xdef;csKyfxm;&ayonf/

plZD ... txJudk eJeJEIdufMunfhr,faemf ...

vuftdwfrpGyfbl;vm; ... a'gufwm ...
&ygw,f ... uRefawmfr&GHwwfygbl;
ajymrnfhomajym&onf plZD\apmufzkwfuav;rSm &GHzdkYaeaeomom yg;pyfjzifY
ukef;pkyfcsifp&m aumif;avmufatmif vSyae\/ tarT;rJrJav;rsm;u apmufywf
Ekwfcrf;ESifY qD;pyfwGif awmxaeMuonf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifonf plZD\apmufzkwfuav;udk vufwzufjzifYudkifvkduf\/
plZDtenf;i,fwGefYoGm;onf/ olYaygifMum;&Sd vD;BuD;rSmvnf; El;nHhaomr"gwf\ txd
tawGUaMumifY wif;rmaxmif<uvmonf/ ESpfa,mufpvHk; &ifawGckefaeonf/ plZD\
aygifav; ydkrdkum;vmonf/ a'gufwmrif;'ifonf apmufywfuav;udk tomt,m
yGwfowfudkifwG,fvdkufNyD; EIwfcrf;om;ESpfckudk vufId;vufrwdkYjzifY axmufjzJum
zGifYMunhfvdkufonf/
apmufywftajrmif;av;u jyJ[oGm;NyD; twGif;om; eDeD&J&Jav;rsm;yifay:vm
ayNyD/ tuGJ0xdyfwGif plZD\apmufpdcRefcRefav;rSm a'gufwmrif;'if\udkifwG,frIaMumifY
wqwfqwfjzifY wif;rmvmayonf/ rqDrqdkif apmufpdav;udk olYvufacsmif;rsm;jzifY
xdudkifMunfhrdonf/ plZDav;crsm wGefYueJjzpfoGm;&Smonf/ aemufNyD; apmufywfwpfck
vHk;udk vufz0g;jzifY tkyfudkif nifompGmyGwfoyfvdkufonf/ aumifrav;aumYvm\/
tdk ... tdk ... t[if; ... [if; ... a'gufwm&,f ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifonf olr\apmufywfxJodkY EIdufrMunfhao;yg/ tay:,HwGif
omudkifNyD; yGwfay;aejcif;omjzpfyg\/ plZDrSm w[if;[if; wtifYtifYNiD;jiLoHxGufvm
um aygifESpfacsmif;udk tpGrf;ukefjzJum;vsuf zifBuD;udk arGU,may:rS ajrmuf<u
oGm;atmif aumYvmonf/
a'gufwmrif;'if pdwfrxdef;EdkifawmY ... xdkenf;wl plZDrSmvnf;pdwfawG b,fvdk
jzpfukefrSef;rod? apmufywftwGif;rS uvduvdjzpfvmawmYonf/
plZD ... &Sif ... a'gufwm ...
plZDu usef;rma&;odyfaumif;wmyJaemf ... om;tdrfvrf;aMumif;awGbmawGvJ
tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f ... 'geJYrsm; bmvdkY uav;r&EdkifygvdrfY ...

 *syefrSmaq;ppfMunfhawmY uRefr&JUrsKd;O>yefysufpD;oGm;vdkY r&EdkifwmwJY ...

a'gufwmrif;'ifonf plZD\apmufzkwfuav;udk yGwfay;aejyefonf/

tdk ... bmaMumifYrsm;ygvdrfY ...

plZDYapmufzkwfuav;u odyfvSwmyJuGm ...

uRefra,mufsm;&JU [mBuD;u ... tdk &SufraeawmYygbl; a'gufwm&,f ... tJ

olYvD;BuD;u &SnfvGef;awmY uRefrudk puf,SufwJYtcg om;tdrfxJudka&mufoGm;NyD;
rsKd;O>yefysufpD;oGm;w,fvdkY ajymygw,f a'gufwm ...
[m ... 'DavmufawmifyJvm; ...
[kwfygw,f a'gufwm ... olYvD;BuD;u tvsm; 8vufrawmif&Sdw,f? olu
uRefrudkvkyf&if b,fawmYrS SmSmwmwm rvkyfygbl;&Sif ... uRefr[mav;awmif
uGJNyJoGm;cJYzl;ygw,f ...
'gayr,fY plZDYtzkwfav;u uGJxm;w,fvdkY rxif&bl;aemf ...
[dkrSm aq;jyefukxm;ygw,f ... tckawmY oleJYuRefr rpuf,Sufwm
MumygNyD

tdk a'gufwmuvJ ...

ttdkqdkayr,fY plZD &SufawmY&Sufwwfom;? rvTJra&SmifomvdkYom cHae&onf?
a'gufwmrif;'if\tudkiftwG,faMumifY olrpdwfawG rdk;r&GjzpfvmwmawmY trSefyif/
'Dvdkvkyfygvm; ... plZD ... b,fvdkvJ[if ...
plZDYudk uav;&Edkif r&Edkif uRefawmft&ifvkyfMunhfr,fav ...
rxl;awmYNyDrdkY a'gufwmrif;'if a0YvnfaMumifywfvkyfraeawmYbJ? 'JY'dk;BuD;
ajymcsvdkufonf/ plZDuvnf; e*dkuwnf;u vufcHcsifaeayr,fY tenf;i,fawmY
rlvdkufrdonf/
[ifYtif; a'gufwm&,f ... olodoGm;&if b,faumif;ygYrvJ ...
olrodap&ygbl; ... plZDomjyefrajymeJYav ...

'geJYrsm;plZD&,f bmaMumifYrsm;'gavmufawmifuav;vdkcsif&wmvJ[if...

plZDu bmvdkYjyefajym&rSmvJ a'gufwm&,f ...

tdk a'gufwm&,f ... 'guawmY olYudk cspfwmudk;&SifY ...

uJ ... 'gjzifY plZD ... &Sif ... plZDYudk uRefawmfvdk;&rvm;[if ...

plZDonf pum;ajym&if; &Suf[efrwlawmY? ol\rsufESmudk &J&J0HY0HYyif jyefMunfh

aeavonf/ a'gufwmrif;'ifvnf; olr\ apmufzkwfuav;udk udkifwG,fxm;&mrS
rvTwfao;yJ ukwifay:wGifyufvufum;,m;av;jzpfaeaom*syefrav;plZD\cEmudk,f
vSvSav;udk tmomirf;irf;Munfhaerdonf/
a,mufsm;eJY rpuf,SufbJeJY b,fvdkvkyfNyD; uav;&rSmvnf; plZD&JU ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZDYudk tuJprf;ovdkar;vdkuf\/
'gawmY a'gufwm&,f... rpyf,SufbJ uav;&EdkifwJYenf;awG &Sdw,fqdk...
&SdawmY &SdwmaygYav... 'gayr,fY eJeJyg;yg;awmY qufqHMunhf&vdrfYr,f...
uRefr oleJY qufqH&rSmawmY cyfvefYvefYyJa'gufwm ... tif; 'gayr,fY
uav;&r,fqdk&ifawmY uGJcsifuGJoGm;ygap uRefrcHygYr,f

a'gufwmb,folYudkrS jyefrajym&bl;aemf ...

pdwfcsyg plZD&,f ...
vlemprf;oyfcef;wHcg;rBuD;rSm twGif;rS *vefYxdk;ydwfxm;ojzifY tay:xyfrS
qif;vmaom eef;rl\pdwfxJwGif oHo,av;0ifvmonf/ 'DwHcg;ydwfrxm;wmMumNyD?
txJrSm ta&;wBuD;vlemrsm;&SdaevdkYvm;? tdk udk,fESifYrqdkifygbl;av ...
eef;rltawG;uav;jzwfvdkuf&if; q&mrrsm;em;aecef;ESifY uyfvsuf&Sdaom
a&tdrftwGif;odkY0ifcJYonf/ a&tdrfrSm vlemprf;oyfcef;ESifY eH&Homjcm;NyD; tay:&Sd
av0ifaygufrSacsmif;MunhfvQif prf;oyfcef;twGif;odkYjrifEdkifayonf/ eef;rla&tdrfxJ
0if udk,fvufoefYpifaepOf prf;oyfcef;wGif;rS wdk;wdk; wdk;wdk;ESifY pum;ajymoHrsm;udk
Mum;vkduf&onf/ a,mufsm;wpfa,mufESifY rdef;rwpfa,muf\ t*FvdyfvdkajymaeMu
jcif;udk ryDroMum;ae&\/ eef;rlpdwfxJrSm pyfpkcsifpdwfu wm;rEdkif qD;r&jzpfvm\/

xdkYaMumifY eef;rlonf a&tdrfwHcg;udk twGif;rS ydwfxm;vdkufNyD; vufaq;

a<uZvHkrSwqifY tay:odkYwufum prf;oyfcef;wGif;odkY acsmif;Munfhvdkufavonf/
[if ... a'gufwmrif;'ifygvm; ... ukwifay:rSmvnf; *syefrav;vm;
wkwfrav;vm;rod vSvdkufwm eef;rlt&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aerdonf/ olwdkY wdk;wdk;
ajymaewmudkvnf; a&tdrfwGif;rS twdkif;omMum;ae&ayawmYonf/
t0wfawG cRwfvdkufygvm; ... plZD ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZDYem;uyfNyD; ajymvdkuf\/ NyD;awmY oludk,fwdkifvnf;
abmif;bD&Snfudk cRwfcsvdkufav\/
tm;yg;yg; BuD;vdkufwm&Sif reJraemygyJ ... olYvD;BuD;u udk;q,f'D*&D
axmifrwfvsuf w&rf;&rf;jzifYay:xGufvmonf/ plZDawmY b,fvdkaernf[krajymwwf
acsmif;Munfhaeaom eef;rluawmY zifausmwGefYoGm;avmufatmif MuufoD;jzef;jzef;
xoGm;&\/
Munfhprf;ygtHk; aumYaxmifaevdkufwm? xdyfBuD;uvnf; eD&J NyJvefNyD; yef;oD;
BuD;wrQxif&onf/ wif;ajymifNyD; jyL;jyJaeaom 'pfBuD;u eef;rludk toJivsifvIyf
oGm;aponf/
plZDonfvnf;olr\t0wftpm;rsm;udk cRwfvdkufavonf/ ckawmY plZDonf
rdarG;wdkif; zarG;wdkif; 0wfvpfpvpfjzifY udk,fvHk;wD;av;jzpfoGm;&acsNyD/ ta&wdkif;\
tvSwdkYjzifYjynfhpHkvSaom plZD\udk,fvHk;av;onf wyfrufzG,f&mtwdjzifY a'gufwm
rif;'ifudk zdwfac:aeayonf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifu tusrcRwfao;ayr,fY atmufydkif;uawmYAvmewd/ plZDu
ol\axmifrwfaeaomvD;BuD;udk olr\ jzLEkaomvufacsmif;oG,foG,fav;rsm;jzifY
tomt,m qkyfudkifvdkuf\/ vD;BuD;\ aoG;wdk;EIef;u plZD\vufz0g;EkEkav;wGif
w'dwf'dwfjzifY cHpm;od&Sdae&\/
olYvD;BuD;uvnf; ... BuD;wmygyJ aemf ...
plZDYudk vkyf&ef jznf;jznf;vkyfygaemf ...
remap&ygbl; plZD ... uRefawmfrMurf;ygbl; ...

a'gufwmrif;'ifu ukwifay:wGif udk,fwHk;vHk;av;xdkifaeaom plZD\ cg;av;

udk ukwifatmufrS rwfwwf&yf&if; qGJzufxm;vdkufonf/
plZDonf vufwpfzufu olYvD;BuD;udk qkyfudkifvsuf usefvufwpfzufu olY
vnf*kwfBuD;udk odkif;zufvdkufonf/ NyD;awmY rsufESmav;udk armYarmYav;vkyfum
EIwfcrf;EkEkav;ESpfrTmu olYterf;udk iHYvifYudqdkaeayonf/ eD&JpdkpGwfaomEIwfcrf;av;
ESpfvTmu wqwfqwf wkefaeawmY\/
olr\EIwfcrf;av;udk yg;pyfBuD;jzifY iHkcJvsuf crf;Murf;Murf;av; zduyfpkyf,l
vdkufcsdefrSmawmY plZD\rsufawmifaumYBuD;rsm; pOf;usoGm;NyD; w[ifY[ifYjzifY vl;vGefY
oGm;&Smonf/ plZDtoJawG tlawGqGJxkwfcH&ovdk olYterf;wGif rdef;rl;om;&ygonf/ olY
vD;BuD;udkvnf; ydk cyfwif;wif;jzpfSpfxm;vdkufrdawmY\/
a'gufwmrif;'if\vuf0g;BuD;wpfzufu plZD\ EdkYtHktdtdav;ay:odkY qkyfudkif
vkdufNyD; tomt,mqkyfe,fay;\/ plZD\EdkYESpfvHk;rSm ttdkomqdk&onf/ aysmYtdwGJus
jcif;r&SdbJ cRefcRefvHk;vHk;av;jzifYwkefwkefjzpfaeonf/ jzLEkaomEdkYtHkav;rsm;\ xdyfwGif
eD&Jaeaom EdkYoD;acgif;tzkav;awGu a'gufwmrif;'if\ vufql<uvmonf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\ EdkYoD;acgif;av;rsm;udk olYvufacsmif;rsm;jzifYqGJ,laqmYupm;
aevdkufonf/
acsmarGUvSyaomrsufESmav;udk ae&mrvyf erf;Iyfonf/ ezl;? yg;jyif? NyD;awmY
vnfwdkifausmYausmY ... EIwfcrf;jcif;erf;vdkufonfhtcgwGifplZDaumYwufoGm;\/ yg;pyf
jcif;awGU twGif;wGif vQmjcif;yguvdaejyefonf/
tcsdefawmfMumpkyferf;NyD;rS a'gufwmrif;'if\yg;pyfonf plZD\EkdYESpfvHk;ay:okdY
a&muf&SdoGm;\/ a'gufwmrif;'ifonf plZD\EdkYESpfvHk;udk wpfvHk;NyD;wpfvHk;pdkYonf/
EdkYoD;acgif;av;rsm;udk oGm;jzifY remYwemudkuf yg;pyftwGif;pkyf,lNyD; vQmjzifYxdk;arT
uvdonf/ plZDu a'gufwmrif;'if\ qHyifrsm;udkqkyfqGJ,l &ifbwfuav;udk
aumYaumYay;\/
olYESmacgif;awG yg;pyfawGu plZD\tay:ydkif;rS atmufodkYwjznf;jznf;qif;vm
onf/ 0rf;Adkufom;azG;azG;udkvnf; rvGwfwrf;erf;\/ xdktcgwGifrawmY plZDu ukwi
ay:odkY tomjyef yufvufvSJay;vdkufonf/ a'gufwmrif;'ifu ukwifatmufwGif
rwfwwf&yfum plZD\qD;cHkrdkYrdkYudk erf;\/ NyD;awmY qD;pyfatmuftarT;rJrJrsm; zHk;tkyf
aeaom apmufzkwfuav;udk erf;\/

plZD aygifESpfacsmif;udk tenf;i,fum;vdkufNyD; aumYay;rd\/ cPtMumwGif

a'gufwmrif;'ifonf plZD\aygifESvHk;Mum;odkYacgif;0ifum olr\apmufzkwfuav;udk
vQmjzifY vsufawmY\/ apmapmuxJu zDvif0ifatmiferf;xm;jcif;cH&ojzifY plZD\
apmufywfuav;twGif;rS wPSma&ajy;tusd&nfav;rsm;u pdkpGwfxGufay:vmonf/
a'gufwmrif;'ifu olr\apmufywfudk vQmjzifY vsufaomtcg toJuvDpmxJuyg
ajAmif;qHatmif cHcsifpdwfawGjzpfvmonf/
olYvQmaEG;aEG;BuD;u plZD\apmufywftuGJav;wavQmuf txufatmuf
tjyeftvSef vsufay; vsuf&Sdonf/ apmufpdav;udk vQmjzifY zdxdk;uvd\/
tdk ... tdk ... tif; ... a'gufwm&,f ... b,fvdkrsm;vkyfaewmvJuG,f ... plZD
raewwfawmYbl; ...
cPav;ygplZD ... plZDYapmufywfuav;u vsufvdkY odyft&om&SdwmyJ ...
plZDu wtif;tif;NiD;jiL&if; a'gufwmrif;'if\ acgif;udk aygifESpfvHk;jzifY
twif;cGSyfxm;rdonf/
plZDonf EIwfcrf;vSvSav;rsm;udk vQmjzifYvsufaerdonf/ tmacgifawG
ajcmufuyfaeonf/ armazgufvmovdk vIdufvIdufarmaeonf/ a'gufwmrif;'if\
acgif;udk vufjzifYpHkudkifvsuf aygifwH&Snf&Snfav;rsm;udk jrif;xdkifyHkpHaumY um;xm;
ay;\/ a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\apmufywfuav;udk yg;pyfjzifY pkyf,lNyD; oGm;jzifY
remYwem zdudkufay;jyefonf/ plZD wGefYoGm;&\/ apmufywftwGif;odkY vQmBuD;udk
xdk;oGif; arTaESmufuvdjyefaomtcg plZDrSm toJawGtlawGyg ywfxGufoGm;awmY
rwwf wGefYvdrfaumYjyefvmonf/ aygifESpfvHk;udk apYvdkufum;vdkufjzifY wudk,fvHk;
ewfyl;ovdk wqwfqwfwkefaeonf/
tjyifzufrSacsmif;Munfhaerdaom q&mrav;eef;rlrSmvnf; olr\apmufywf
twGif;rS rkd;r&GjzifY wudk,fvHk; umr&m*aoG;rsm;vSnfhywfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/ plZD aumY
oGm;wdkif; eef;rlvnf;a,mif&rf; aumYoGm;rd\/ olr\rsufESmuav;rSmvnf; plZD
enf;wl IHUvdkufrJYvkdufjzifY a,mif&rf;NyD;olr\apmufywfuav;udk xrDay:rStkyfudkif
yGwfoyfay;aerdonf/ eef;rl&ifxJrSm uwkefu&DBuD;jzpfae&ygonf/ plZDae&mwGif olr
om 0ifcHcsifpdwfawG jzpfay:aeonf/ plZD\apmufywfwGif a'gufwmrif;'if\
wHawG;rsm;pdkpGwfaeovdk a'gufwmrif;'if\yg;pyfwGif;vnf; apmufywft&nfrsm;
ayusHukefonf/

awmfNyD a'gufwm&,f ... vdk;csifvJvdk;ygawmY plZDt&rf;raeEdkifawmYvdkYyg

aumifrav;\yg;pyfrS zGifY[awmif;qdkvmawmYrS a'gufwmrif;'ifukwif
ay:odkYwwfvdkufonf/ plZD yufvuftaetxm;rS aygifwef&SnfESpfacsmif;udk tpGrf;ukef
jzJay;\/ a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\ aygif;Mum;wGif 'l;axmufvsuf0ifxdkifvdkufonf/
ol\BuD;rm; wkwfcdkifvSaom vD;BuD;rSmvnf; ododomom qwfueJ qwfueJ
wkefae\/ aigufueJaigufueJ rmefzDaeNyD; aumYwif;axmifrwfvsuf 'pfBuD;jyL;jyJum
plZD\ apmufywft0wGif yg;ysOf;axmifaewmudk eef;rl uGufuGufuGif;uGif; jrifae&
ayonf/
apmufywfuav;rSm t&nf&TJ yGifYtmaeojzifY twGif;om; eDeD&J&Jav;rsm;
udkyif jrifae&onf/ rdkYazgif;azgif; apmufzkwfuav;u a'gufwmrif;'if\ vD;BuD;udk
jrLac:aeonf/ cv,fuGJaMumif;av;xdyf&Sd apmufpduav;u wqwfqwfjzifY wif;rm
vmayonf/
'pfzsm;BuD;udk apmufywfEIwfcrf;0wGif tomawY xdk;roGif;ao;yJ txuf
atmuf pkefcsDqefcsD yGwfqGJay;vdkuf\/ 'pfBuD;u apmufpdav;udk oGm;oGm; cvkwf
wdkufaomtcg plZDrSm zifazGazG;BuD;rsm;udk tdyf,may:rS ajrmuf<uoGm;atmif aumYay;
rd&if; aygifESpfacsmif;udk tpGrf;ukef jzJum;xm;\/
vdk; ... vdk;ygawmY a'gufwm&,f ... a'gufwmvD;BuD;udk plZDYapmufywfav;
xJ xnfhvdkufygawmY ... plZD cHcsifvSNyD ...
okdYt"dyg,frsKd;&Sdaom *syefpum;udk aumifrav;\yg;pyfrS ryDro NiD;jiL
vmonf/
vdk;onfhae&mwGifuRrf;usifvSonfha'gufwmrif;'ifvnf; rqdkif;rwGyif plZD\
EIwfcrf;av;udk yg;pyfcsif;awY zduyfpkyf,lvdkufNyD; EdkYESpfvHk;udk pHkudkif vD;BuD;udk
wjznf;jznf; xdk;oGif;vdkufonf/ xdktcg vD;BuD;u wjzpfjzpftoHrsm;ESifYtwl
apmufacgif;xJodkY wdk;0ifaeawmY\/
a'gufwmrif;'iftzdkY *syefrav;udk vdk;&onfrSm pD;pD;ydkifydkif t&om&SdvSonf/
plZDrSmvnf; BuD;xGm;&Snfvsm;vSaom vD;BuD;u apmufywftwGif;odkY rqefYrjyJ0ifvm
ojzifY emvnf;em aumif;vnf;aumif;wcsdefxJrSmyif pnf;pdrfESpfrsKd;udk cHpm;vdkuf&
onfhtwGuf wudk,fvHk; xGefYxGefYvl;aeawmYonf/

um;xm;ay;aom aygifESpfvHk;udkjyefapYum rdrd&ifbwfudk wGef;xm;aom plZDY

tm; a'gufwmrif;'ifonf avQmYray;yJ wajz;ajz;csif; aSmifYoGif;ae\/ plZDrSmvnf;
rsufESmuav;IHUrJYvsuf wtif;tif;avoHjzifYNiD;jiL&if; BudwfrSdwfcHae&onf/
atmifrav; ... a'gufwm&,f emvdkufwm ... uRwf uRwf t t ...
plZD wdk;wdk;av; NiD;wGm;aerdonf/
remygbl;plZD&JU ... aumif;wmrsm; ...
[ifY tif; a'gufwm ... emw,f ... &SD; tm; ...
0ifprdkYyg plZD&,f ... cPav; ... cPav; ...

apmufywfuav;rSmusOf;oavmuf vD;BuD;u BuD;vGef;vSojzifY tqHk;xd

0ifoGm;aomtcg apmuftHkuav;wckvHk; jynhfusyfwif;pdkYaeavonf/ vD;BuD;tqHk;xd
0ifoGm;aomtcgrsKd;wGif apmuftHkuav;u cGufvsufcsKdifY0ifoGm;NyD; qGJEIwfvdkufonfh
tcgrsm;wGif ckef;<uazgif;wufvmonf/ vD;BuD;u 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf apmufywf
uav;u ckef;vdkufcGufvdkuf 'gudkjrifae&aom eef;rlrSmvnf; pdwfudkrxdef;EdkifawmY
avmufatmifjzpfvmonf/ xbDav;udk tay:odkYvSefwifvdkufNyD; olr\apmufywf
twGif;odkY vufacsmifav;rsm;jzifY wpGyfpGyfxdk;EIdufaerdawmYonf/
atmufrSjzJum;aumYajrmufcHae&aom plZDrSm cH&if; cH&if; aumif;oxuf
aumif;vmum apmapmuemusifrIa0'emav;rsm;aysmufqHk;oGm;&NyD; umrt&omt&Sdef
tav;rsm;u w&Sdef&SefwufvmawmY\/

tdk a'gufwm ... ajz;ajz; ... tm; ... tm; ... uRwf ... uRwf ... uRwf ...

tdk ... tdk ... aqmifYyg a'gufwm&,f ... t&rf; aumif;vmNyDuG,f ...

plZDuvnf;uGm ... 'gav;rsm; ... b,fvdkjzpfaewmvJ ...

plZDcHEdkifvmNyD r[kwfvm;[if ...

plZDrcH&wmMumNyD a'gufwm&JU ... 'gaMumifYrdkY odyfrcHEdkifwm ... ajz;ajz;

vkyfaemf ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu acsmYarmY rSefrSefaqmifY\/ plZDu tHuav;BudwfNyD;
vD;BuD;\'Pfudk cHae&onf/ a'gufwmrif;'ifonf atmufydkif;wGif plZD\apmufzkwf
av;udk wcsufcsif;rSefrSefvdk;aeovdk ay:ydkif;rS azgif;rdkYtdpufaom EdkYESpfvHk;udk wvHk;pD
pdkYay;ae\/
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aomfvnf; umrqEtvGefjyif;xefaeygNyD/ olr\umrpdwfrsm;x<uaeNyD; rsufvHk;udk
pHkrSwfxm;um a'gufwmrif;'if\ ausmjyifus,fBuD;udk zufxm;aom vufacsmif;av;
rsm;u a&GUvsm;yGwfoyf ukwfjcpfwG,fuyfaeMu\/ apmufywftwGif;rS t&nfMunf
rsm;uvnf; wawmufawmuf ,dk;pD;vmMu\/
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vmaom t&nfrsm;aMumifY wzGwfzGwf toHjrnfaeayonf/ wcsufwGif t&SdefjzifY
wtm;jypfaqmifYvdkuf&m 'kwf 'kwf [laomtoHESifY vD;BuD;u tqHk;wdkif0ifvm&m
'pfBuD;u om;tdrf0udk aqmifYrd\/ xdktcg plZDrSm tm;ueJ atmfNyD;aumYwufoGm;\/
oHukwifav;u aqmifhvdk;vdkufonfht&SdefaMumifYwuRDuRD&rf;cgvsuf plZDYudk,fvHk;av;
rSmvnf; oGufoGufcg wkefoGm;ayonf/

[kwfuJYa'gufwm... aqmifYyg.. aqmifYyg... aumif;vkdufwma'gufwm&,f

tm; ... &SD; ... uRwf uRwf uRwf ...
zGyf ... pGyf ... zwf ... zwf ...
tm; ... tm; ... b,fvdkaumif;rSef;rodbl; a'gufwm&,f ...
cyfememav; aqmifYprf;yg ... plZD cHvdkY t&rf;aumif;vmNyD
a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\ EdkYESpfvHk;udk pHkudkifqGJ tqufrjywf aqmifY
aqmifY vdk;\/ vD;BuD;ryf0ifoGm;wdkif;? OBuD;ESpfvHk;u plZD\ zifum;um;BuD;ESpfjcrf;
Mum; ptdk0av;udk wzwfzwf kdufcwf\/ t&nfrsm;&TJtdkifaeojzifY olr\aygifjcHESifY
qD;cHkygrusef pifxGufukef\/ a'gufwmrif;'if\tarT;rsm;ESifY if;\vOBuD;wGifvnf;
olr\ apmuf&nfrsm;jzifY pdk&TJvsuf&SdawmYonf/
prf;oyfcef;twGif;rS *syefrav;plZD aumYjyefvefaeovdk a&tdrfwGif;rS eef;rl
vnf; olwdkYvdk;aeMuonfudkMunfhNyD; wpfa,mufxJwGefYvdrfvsuf&SdygawmYonf/ atmf
'grsKd;udk wcgrS rjrifbl;wJY tysKdpif olemyq&mrav;eef;rlonfvnf; cEmudk,f
aoG;om;qlNzdK;onfht&G,frdkY wpfa,mufxJ rmpwmaA;&Sif;vkyfaerdonfwum; ...

atmufrScHaeaom plZDvnf;t&omawGUaeNyD jzpf&m a'gufwmrif;'if\

aqmifYcsufESifYtnD aygifwHoG,foG,fESpfacsmif;udk &ifbwfESifY uwfatmif tpGrf;ukef
jzJum;xm;ay;NyD; zifBuD;udkygajrmuf<u aumYxdk;ay;aeonf/ t&Sdefuav;&vmNyD
jzpfaom a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\EIwfcrf;av;udk iHkcJpkyf,lum olYzifudk ajrmufvdkuf
<uvdkufjzifY t&Sdefjyif;pGm aqmifYxnfhaeawmYonf/
ol\vufBuD;ESpfzufuvnf; plZD\cEmudk,fvSvSav;ay:wGif tNidrfrae
EdkifatmifvIyf&Sm;aeMuonf/ wudk,fvHk;udkjzpfSpfyGwfoyfaeonf/ EdkYESpfvHk;udkSpf
vdkuf zifBuD;ESpfvHk;udk qkyfe,fay;vdkufjzifY vkyf&if; apmufywftwGif;okdY vD;BuD;udk
qHkaxmif;ovdk axmif;xnfhaeavonf/
tm; ... [ifY ... [ifY ... cyfMurf;Murf;av;aqmifYyga'gufwm ... jrefjref ...
jrefjrefav; ... uRefr ... uRefr ... NyD;awmYr,f ... r&yfvkdufygeJY ...
a'gufwmrif;'ifu plZD\aygifESpfacsmif;udk ol\ykcHk;ay:odkY wzufwcsufwif
vdkufNyD; aumYaxmifxm;aom zifBuD;ESpfjcrf;Mum;&Sd apmufywfav;xJodkY olYvD;BuD;udk
tqHk;wdkifyif tm;&yg;&aqmifYoGif;ypfvdkuf\/ plZDrSm NyD;umeD;jzpfojzifY tm;rvdk
tm;r&jzpfvmum a'gufwmrif;'if\ cg;BuD;udk vufESpfzufjzifY twif;qGJzufum
aygifESpfacsmif;udk twif;jzJay;xm;onf/ zifBuD;udkyg aumYajrmuf paum0dkif;ovdk
vkyfay;vdkuf b,fnm,drf;ay;vdkufjzifY ol\aqmifYcsufESifYtnD vdkufvkyfay;ae&m
a'gufwmrif;'iftzdkY txl;ZdrfawGUae\/ ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;udk olYycHk;ay:odkYcsdwfwif
cg;av;udk[dkbufonfbufvdrfYay;vdkufonf/ xdktcgplZD\ zifwjcrf;rSm tay:odkY
ajrmufwufoGm;NyD; aemufwcsrf;uatmufzufodkYedrfYoGm;onf/ odkYa'gufwmrif;'if
\ vD;BuD;udk pGwfiHkxm;aom apmufywftwGif;&Sd EIwfcrf;om;av;rsm;u 0uftl&pf
pyvdefudk tjyeftvSefvSnfhay;ouJYodkY jzpfaeNyD; twGif;rSvnf; IHUyGIHUyGjzifY Spf
Spfay;onf/ plZD tawmftay;aumif;onf/ plZD\ tcHaumif;rIaMumifh a'gufwm
rif;'ifvnf; okwfvTufcsifvmNyD/ 'gayr,fh aumifrav;rNyD;ao;ojzifh tomatmifh
okwfukdxdef;&if; qufaqmifhaeonf/
a&tdrftwGif;rSeef;rlonfvnf; plZDtvdk;cHyHkudkoabmus&if; olr\apmufzkwf
uav;xJodkYvufEdIufum plZDvkyfovdk aumhvdkuf um;ajrmufvdkuf vkyfaeawmhonf/
tdk; ... vdk;prf;yg&Sif... eef;rlukd ememav; zdvdk;ay;prf;yg ...

wpfa,mufwnf; yg;pyfrSvnf; a,mif,rf; toHtpftpfuav;jzifY

ajymaerdonf/ eef;rlvnf; t&rf;cHcsifaeonf/ cHcsifpdwfawGwtm;jzpfaerdNyD/
plZDcHwmudk odyftm;usaerdonf/
eef;rlwpfa,mufwnf;qdkawmh vGwfvGwfvyfvyf a&tdrftwGif;rSm zDvifawG
wufNyD; rmpwmaA;&Sif;ac: wpfukd,fa& tmomqE ajzazsmufae\/ yg;pyfrSvnf;
wtif;tif; nD;jiLrd\/
a'gufwmrif;'if wpfa,mufrSmvnf; *syefrav;plZDudk vdk;&if;vdk;&if;
aumif;oxuf aumif;vmum aumifrav;\ rdkYazmif;aomEdkYtHkazG;azG;ESpfvHk;udk
vufESpfbufjzifh b,fnmqkwfudkifNyD; EIwfcrf;jcif;uyfum w`yGwf`yGwfpkwf&if;
aqmifhNyD;&if; aqmifhxnfhaeawmhonf/
cPtMum plZDonfvnf; t&omxl;udkawGU apmufacgif;usOf;usOf;xJrS
a'gufwm\ vacsmif;yGyGBuD;udk yGpdyGpdjzifh Spfay;&if; t&nfrsm;TJqdkxGufvmum
tjyifodkY wzTD;zTD; yef;xGuf umrt&om\ txGwftxdyfyef;wdkifodkY wufvSrf;
a&muf&SdoGm;ygawmhonf/
plZD\ taMumtcsOfrsm; qkwfqdkif;oGm;rwwf NzdK;NzdK;zsOf;zsOf; jzpfvdkYoGm;&um
ajcacsmif;vufacsmif;uav;rsm;yif wkwfauG;oGm;rwwf t&omukd tpGrf;ukefcHpm; &&Sd
vdkuf&NyD; wpfcsDNyD;oGm;avonf/
tay:rS vdk;aqmifhxnfhoGif;ae&aom a'gufwmrif;'ifonfvnf; wGefYueJ
jzpfoGm;&NyD; vD;t&if;rS wqpfqpfuusifwufvm wpfudk,fvHk; taMumqGJovdk
qefYiifqefYiif jzpfoGm;um plZD\apmufywftwGif;odkY vD;BuD;udkt&if;odkYxdk;oGif;
qD;pyfjcif;xduyfum okwf&nfrsm;udk wjApfjApf yef;xGufxnfhvdkufrdawmhonf/
ESpfOD;pvHk; tNyD;jcif;qHkoGm;ojzifh a'gufwmrif;'ifonf *syefrav;\
udk,fcEmay:wGif arSmufvsufxyfum 0ufrSdef;rSdef;aeawmhonf/ EIwfcrf;csif;tjyef
tvSef awhpkwfaeMuNyD; vD;BuD;udkrl apmufzkwftwGif; rcRwfwrf;pdrfxm;avonf/
a&tdrftwGif;rS eef;rlonfvnf; &ifarmoGm;&avmufatmif olwdkYESpfa,muf
vdk;aeMuyHkudk wpdrfhpdrfhMunfh&if; vdIufarmvm\/ olr\ apmufzkwftwGif;rS
okwf&nfrsm; wbGwfbGwf TJpdkum xGufvmonf/ eef;rlonf tvdk;cHcsifpdwfrsm;
xdef;rEdkifodrf;r& jzpfay:vmaomaMumifY pdwfudkrenf; xdrf;csKyfum a&tdrftwGif;rS
xGufvm cJh&avawmYonf/