ENGINEERING SCIENCE ( LGB 10203 )

NAME : 1) MUHAMMAD IMRAN BIN ROSELI 2) MUHAMMAD AKMAL RAZMI BIN MAT ROSLI ID NO : 1) 56266212158 2) 56280212240 TITLE : LINEAR MOTION COURSE : BMEE LECTURER : EN.ZULZAMRI BIN SALLEH

INTRODUCTION

Linear motion is the most basic of all motion along a straight line. According to Newton First Law of motion, objects that experience in no force will continue to move in a straight line with a constant velocity until it reach to a net force. In everyday circumstances, life force such as gravity and friction can cause a changes to object in direction of the motion, and the speed of an object so that cannot be described as a Linear Motion.

FORMULA OF ACCELERATION

Acceleration =

Acceleration is the rate of changes of the value velocity divide with a time. Although, the velocity is a vector, acceleration will describe the rate of changes of both magnitude and the direction of the velocity.

FORMULA OF VELOCITY

Velocity =

Velocity is the measurement of the rate and direction of changes in position of an object. The value of velocity will be reach using a formula which is displacement divide with a time. Since velocity is a physical quantity, so magnitude and direction are required to define it.

FORMULA OF COEFFICIENT FRICTION

Weights of an object or a force are applied as a mille-second can influence both of the physical quantity. Thus, this experiment is being conducted to investigate the relationship between both of the physical quantity with a force given.

ANALOGY BETWEEN LINEAR MOTION & ROTATIONAL MOTION

OBJECTIVE

To understands the Linear Motion theory. To investigates the relationship between velocity and acceleration. To determine the coefficient of friction. To study about the formula of acceleration, displacement and coefficient fraction. To analyze the final results using calculation. To understand the theory that is related to practical test.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

1) Get the apparatus ready for test by following the steps in the Setup Section. 2) Level the Guide Way (0) by refers to the degree indicator. 3) Note down the weight of the PVC carriage. 4) Put the PVC carriage at the end of the guide way. 5) Pull the string from the carriage pass over the pulley. 6) Hang the weight hanger (0.5N) at the end of string. If the hanger is too heavy (carriage start to move), put in the small weight (0.2N). 7) Put a weight on the weight hanger. 8) If the carriage does not move, place on another weight. 9) Repeat the process by adding the weight until the specimen slides along the Guide Way. Take note of these weight + hanger as F. 10) When the carriage is moving, take down the time display on the meter. 11) Repeat step 7 to step 11, but this time by adding weight of 5N on top of the specimen. 12) Continue step 12 by adding incrementally 5N 1.5N onto the specimen.

EXPERIMENT RESULTS

Carriage Car (R) (Newton)

Force (N) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 100g 150g 200g 250g 300g 100g 150g 200g 250g 300g 100g 150g 200g 250g 300g

Time (S) 1.004s 0.742s 0.695s 0.601s 0.555s 0.968s 0.789s 0.680s 0.618s 0.581s 1.030s 0.821s 0.735s 0.683s 0.627s

Velocity (ms-1) 0.4980 0.6739 0.7194 0.8319 0.9058 0.5165 0.6337 0.7353 0.8091 0.8606 0.4854 0.6090 0.6803 0.7321 0.7974

Tensional String (N) 1.6424 2.2782 3.4590 3.7111 6.3679 1.6665 3.2422 3.5189 3.3985 3.8422 -1.1558 2.3496 2.9356 3.4522 0.7974

Accelerat ion (a) -6.6146 -5.0423 -3.0803 -2.5898 -2.5789 -6.8551 -4.0613 -3.5708 -3.7842 -2.9975 -6.9829 -5.8583 -4.8679 -3.9983 -3.2261

Coefficient Friction (s) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

50g

100g

130g

Weight of car = 0.464kg (Carriage Car + Weight of Car = Total weight of car)

DISCUSSION

From the experiment, I understand about a Linear Motion on how the function and calculation that are applied to find the acceleration, velocity, time and coefficient friction. Next, I also investigate the relationship between the velocity and acceleration. I need to apply using a right formula to find a velocity and the acceleration. Thus, I also determine the value of coefficient friction of the car. In a lab, I did a practical test using equipment that is suitable to find a linear motion of a car. During a practical test, there are different mass I need to apply on a car and different value of mass are apply to a hanger. From my investigation, I understand that when using a fixed value of mass on a car and give an additional mass to a hanger; I will get a different value of time of the car movement. Then, I repeat the practical test using the value given until end. Finally, I get the value of time of the car in a finishing line for a different value of mass that are applied on the car and onto the hanger. After that, I also learn that when mass are added to a hanger, the tensional string become more tension. So, the acceleration and the velocity of the car become more increased. In conclusion, I understand the theory and how to apply the calculation to find for a several value in a linear motion process.

REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-motion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity

http://tutorteddy.com/wordpress/category/physics/mechanics/linear-motion/

1) FOR 50g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (100g)

V=

= 0.498

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.1kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg + 0.1kg)

= - 6.6146

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.514kg) (9.81

) + (0.514kg) (- 6.6146

= 1.6424 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

2) FOR 50g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (150g)

V=

= 0.6739

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.15kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg + 0.15kg)

= - 5.3777

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.514kg) (9.81

) + (0.514kg) (- 5.3777

= 2.2782 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

3) FOR 50g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (200g)

V=

= 0.7194

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.2kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg + 0.2kg)

= - 3.0803

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.514kg) (9.81

) + (0.514kg) (- 3.0803

= 3.459 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

4) FOR 50g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (250g)

V=

= 0.8319

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.25kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg + 0.25kg)

= - 2.5898

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.514kg) (9.81

) + (0.514kg) (-2.5898

= 3.7111 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

5) FOR 50g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (300g)

V=

= 0.9058

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.3kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg) (9.81

) (0.514kg + 0.3kg)

= - 2.5789

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.514kg) (9.81

) + (0.514kg) (2.5789

= 6.3679 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

1) FOR 100g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (100g)

V=

= 0.5165

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.1kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg + 0.1kg)

= - 6.8551

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.564kg) (9.81

) + (0.564kg) (- 6.8551

= 1.6665 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

2) FOR 100g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (150g)

V=

= 0.6337

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.15kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg+0.15kg)

= - 4.0613

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.564kg) (9.81

) + (0.564kg) (- 4.0613

= 3.2422 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

3) FOR 100g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (200g)

V=

= 0.7353

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.2kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg+0.2kg)

= - 3.5708

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.564kg) (9.81

) + (0.564kg) (-3.5708

= 3.5189 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

4) FOR 100g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (250g)

V=

= 0.8091

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.25kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg+0.25kg)

= - 3.7842

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.564kg) (9.81

) + (0.564kg) (-3.7842

= 3.3985 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

5) FOR 100g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (300g)

V=

= 0.8606

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.3kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg) (9.81

) (0.564kg+0.3kg)

= -2.9975

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.564kg) (9.81

) + (0.564kg) (-2.9975

= 3.8422 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

1) FOR 130g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (100g)

V=

= 0.4854

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.1kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg+0.1kg)

= - 9.81

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.594kg) (9.81

) + (0.594kg) (- 6.9829

= - 1.1558 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

2) FOR 130g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (150g)

V=

= 0.609

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.15kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg+0.15kg)

= - 5.8543

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.594kg) (9.81

) + (0.594kg) (-5.8543

= 2.3496 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

3) FOR 130g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (200g)

V=

= 0.6803

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.2kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg+0.2kg)

= - 4.8679

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.594kg) (9.81

) + (0.594kg) (- 4.8679

= 2.9356 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

4) FOR 130g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (250g)

V=

= 0.7321

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.25kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg+0.25kg)

= - 3.9983

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.594kg) (9.81

) + (0.594kg) (-3.9983

= 3.4522 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1

5) FOR 130g CARRIAGE CAR AND FORCE (300g)

V=

= 0.7974

EQUATION 1

EQUATION 2

f = m1a

f = ma

T - F1g = m1a

F2g - T = m2a

T = F1g + m1a

T = F2g- m2a

F1g + m1a = F2g- m2a

m1a + m2a = F2g- F1g

a=

= (0.3kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg) (9.81

) (0.594kg+0.3kg)

= -3.2261

T = F1g + m1a

= m1 g + m1 a

= (0.594kg) (9.81

) + (0.594kg) (-3.2261

= 3.9108 N

f = ma

Fg = Fn

T - Ff = m1a

T - k Fn = m1a

k = T -

k =

k = 1