Signage System@Iitg. Deepak.k MDes09

SIGNAGESYSTEMforIITGuwahati
SubmittedinPartialFulllmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeof
MASTERofDESIGN
By:
DeepakKumar (07420511)
ProjectGuide:
Prof.PradeepYammiyavarFDRS
DepartmentOfDesign
INDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYGUWAHATI
NORTHGUWAHATI,ASSAM-781039
This is to certify that the thesis work titled
SIGNAGESYSTEMforIITGuwahati
isanauthenticworkcarriedout
by
DeepakKumar
DepartmentofDesign
IITGuwahatiAssam
at
DepartmentofDesign
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
Guwahati781039,Assam,India
FortheawardofM.Des.Degreeduringtheacademicyear2008-2009
Thematterembodiedinthisprojecthasnotbeensubmittedearlierfortheawardofanydegreeordiplomatothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief.
ProjectGuide:
...........................
Prof.PradeepYammiyavar
Professor
DepartmentofDesign
IITGuwahati,Assam
Examiner1 :
:
..........................
..........................
..........................
Examiner2 :
Examiner3
Rollno-07420511
CERTIFICATE
S i g n a g e S y s t e m f o r I I T G u w a h a t i
IPR Declaration
I declare that in accordance to the IPR norms generally followed
in Academics, I have acknowledged appropriately all sources of
material / content including visuals / designs / copy rights
accessed from others authors / sources /references and used in
this project as part of the academic reporting.
I declare that the contents of this project report including visuals /
designs other than those whose origin / source has been
appropriately acknowledged, are a result of original efforts.
Signature:
Deepak Kumar
M.Des (07420511)
Department of DESIGN
IIT Guwahati
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My thesis is a culmination of my ideas, experiences and work.
They have been moulded by several very special people along
the way. Without these people I would not stand at this threshold
today. I would first like to thank my family for all that they have
given me: love, support, cherished memories and the strength
which has placed me where I am today.
I would like to express deep gratitude to my guide Prof. Pradeep
Yammiyavar for his guidance, encouragement and gracious
support throughout the course of our work, for his expertise in the
field that motivated me to work in this area and for his faith in me
at every stage of this research.
I look forward to continue working with him and further
developing our relationship.
I would like to thank all the faculty and staff of Department of
Design for their support throughout and last but not the least
special thanks to Prakash, Vikash, Vikram and Pravin for their
constant support and help whenever I needed.
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CONTENTS
Abstract 1
Introduction 2
Methodology and Time Plan 3
Resources (study phase) 5
4.1 Resources in Wayfinding and Signage Design 6
4.2 Briefing the Content of the Resources 7
4.3 Architectural Wayfinding Design 10
4.4 Architectural Wayfinding Components 13
4.5 Building Form and Architectural Features 13
Signage Design 15
5.1 Signage Design 16
5.2 Wayfinding 17
5.3 Signage Elements 19
5.4 Eye Level 20
5.5 Typography 21
5.6 Arrows 24
5.7 Colours 26
5.8 Semiotics: The Study of Signs 28
5.9 Maps 30
Chapter Page
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CONTENTS
IIT Guwahati Campus (analysis phase)
6.1 Campus 32
6.2 Topography 33
6.3 Circulation 34
6.4 Role of Topography in Circulation 35
6.5 Approaching the Campus 36
6.6 Movement of People 37
6.6.1 Distribution of People 38
6.6.2 Decision Points 39
Digital SIgnage
7.1 Comparative Analysis 41
7.2 Places of Use 42
SIGNAGE SYSTEM at IITG
8.1 Critical Appraisal 44
8.2 Studying the present system 48
8.3 Circulation 49
MY Interpretation & Exploration
9.1 MAP for IITG 52
9.1.1 Legend in MAP for IITG 59
6.
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Chapter Page
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CONTENTS
9.2 Typography 62
9.2.1 Fonts 63
9.2.2 Experimentation on Fonts 64
9.2.3 Screening of the Fonts 65
9.2.4 Font Selection 67
9.2.5 Fonts and Size 68
9.3 Colours 70
9.3.1 Fonts and Colours 71
9.4 Arrows 72
9.4.1 Arrows and Colours 74
9.5 Representations
9.5.1 You are Here 75
9.5.2 Entrance Sign 76
9.6 Layout and Placement of Signboards 77
9.7 Placement of Maps 104
9.8 Placement of Information Desks 108
9.9 Form 109
9.9.1 Semantic Approach 110
9.9.2 Studying the brand 114
9.9.3 Extraction of Abstract 116
9.9.4 Form Exploration 117
9.
Chapter Page
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CONTENTS
9.10 System Approach 126
9.10.1 Use Case Diagrams 130
9.10.2 Sequence Diagrams 131
9.10.3 Persona and Scenario 132
9.10.4 Wireframe Model 134
9.10.5 Graphic User Interface 135
9.11 Sustainability 144
9.11.1 Material, Process and Energy 145
9.12 Concept Generation 147
9.12.1 Concept 1 148
9.12.2 Concept 2 150
9.12.3 Concept 3 151
9.12.4 Concept 4 153
9.12.5 Concept 5 154
9.13 Concept 5 155
9.13.1 Final Concept 156
9.13.2 Components of Signage System 157
9.13.3 Materials 170
9.13.4 Critical Appraisal 172
Conclusion 174
Future Work 176
References 177
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S i g n a g e S y s t e m f o r I I T G u w a h a t i 1
ABSTRACT
1.0
This dissertation studies the signs that were installed in IITG
campus. The directional signs are the main focus of the study.
Whether the forces of corporate identity have compromised their
design and their effectiveness as wayfinding aids is tested.
The reason for the research is to find out the background to the
signs conception and learn from the successes and failures of
these direction finders. The aim is to attain an effective signage
system that meets all the requirements of the university, including
corporate identity, whilst not compromising usability, and
remaining usable and effective.
Architectural wayfinding design addresses the built components
of wayfinding design, including space planning, articulation of
form-giving features and building identity, circulation systems,
and environmental communication.
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INTRODUCTION
2.0
The term wayfinding is a relatively new term which covers
everything to do with how people find their way around
environments. (Miller, C & Lewis, D 1999:11) Wayfinding is a
very broad subject encompassing many elements that work
together to provide a wayfinding system. [Ref: 14]
However, each element in a successful wayfinding system must
be able to stand up on its own as a wayfinding aid. The
unprepared visitor to a site should be able to arrive and find their
destination with a minimum of hassle.
IIT Guwahati, an institutional campus comprises of more than
750 acres of land, with varied terrain and uneven mass of land. It
is generally taken for granted that people are aware of their
surroundings and can navigate from one place to another. The
scope of sign system at IITG provides assistance to users of the
facilities. They also represent an important aspect of the
institutes visual identity. These signs communicate essential
information about the facility, and about the Institute and its
operations.
Ideally, signs are part of an environmental information system
that helps users to understand their environment and guides
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INTRODUCTION
2.0
them to their destination. Planning signage means interpreting the
needs of users and defining operational requirements.
A friendly, welcoming atmosphere where necessary information is
readily available for visitors, new students and staff to become
easily familiarized with the campus.
A distinct identity for the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
within the campus.
Uniformity of design elements to contribute to the overall
aesthetic value of the campus.
The ease with which one proceeds is facilitated through an
environment from one point of interest to another. Way finding
systems include such components as basic layout of building and
site, interior and exterior landmarks, views to outside, signs, floor
and room numbering, spoken directions, maps, directories, logical
progression of spaces, colour coding.
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METHODOLOGY & TIME PLAN
3.0
Pre-Study Phase
Project selection
Literature Study
Study Phase
User Study
Survey
Design Phase
Concept Generation
Detailing
Execution/Engg/Testing Phase
Prototype/Model
Testing
Documentation Phase
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fnal product
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RESOURCES(study phase)
4.0
The problem identified for this piece of work was that the new
external signs in IITG campus, while serving well to improve the
look of the campus by replacing the tatty and worn old signs, are
ineffective as a wayfinding aid due to the nature of their design
and the provision of only building names. Providing only building
names on the new signs gives the impression that the university
would prefer that people became familiar with the school or facil-
ity they are looking for. For this reason, the main question was at
first Has the Institutes corporate image taken precedence over
wayfinding and usability? and this was refined further to give the
title, The signage system for IIT Guwahati campus.
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Resources in Wayfinding and Signage Design
4.1
The Literature Review begins with a brief outline of what has
been written about wayfinding and sign design and then focuses
on what has been written about usability that is appropriate to the
cause of wayfinding.
The Literature Review identifies the major writers in the field, and
gives a brief evaluation of their work and how it is relevant to the
present study.
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Briefing the Content of the Resources
4.2
Publications on wayfinding, in the context of the built
environment, are relatively few; as it is relatively recently that a
need was identified for research into how people find their way
(or get lost).
Books covering the topics of signage and sign design were read
and considered, but contained little relevant information to this
work.
The reason for the lack of books about wayfinding is summed up
in the opening paragraphs of Arthur & Passinis (1992:7) [Ref: 5]
second chapter in which they compare getting lost to other
inconveniences placed before us in modern everyday life it is
unlikely that a person will actually die from the stress of getting
lost
The authors of both books find the space, to qualify the need to
improve wayfinding systems and the existence of such books.
Arthur & Passini include a scenario, which they hope the reader
can relate to, whilst Miller & Lewis (writing for healthcare) outline
the consequences of patients getting lost in a healthcare site.
Arthur & Passini also provide snippets of information throughout
the book to remind the reader of the need for good wayfinding.
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4.2
The fact is that we are exposed to [electronic variable-message
displays and LCD digital watches] in contexts very different from
that of reading print. Looking at signs and trying to get
information from them has more in common with glancing at our
watches than it has with reading a book. (1992:165) [Ref: 5]
Dumas & Redish, in A Practical Guide to Usability Testing, claim
to cater for product designers, software engineers and
documentation specialists (1999:back cover) but the bulk of
references and analogies are to IT applications, making it difficult
to relate the theory to anything else, let alone wayfinding. Use of
a poor typeface & dull use of language, compared to Jordan,
made this book about usability less than usable. [Ref: 15]
The Design of Everyday Things (1988) by Donald A. Norman
provides a very interesting read into the human factors that affect
the usability of almost anything one comes into contact with. This
would be a good book to consider whilst designing usability into a
product such as a wayfinding system, though like so many
sources, working backwards from this and using it as a basis for
evaluating and testing something.
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4.2
Again, the amount of material available for usability in a way
finding context is very limited. Most is aimed at the IT industry.
However, Patrick W. Jordans (1998) Introduction to Usability
proved very useful as a general guide to usability testing, without
the disadvantage of being context-driven. Jordan explains each
type of testing method, with its advantages and disadvantages
and sometimes an example of what kind of scenario a particular
method is used for.
Jordan also includes useful information about choosing
participants, warning against the use of colleagues. This makes
sense, as other students from the Information Design faculty will
see the signs as items of design, therefore casting a critical eye
over them, rather than proceeding with the test as a participant
who formed part of the signs target audience would.
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Architectural Wayfinding Design
4.3
Architectural wayfinding design is important to inclusive design
because it facilitates user access, increases satisfaction, and
reduces stigma and isolation of users with disabilities. It reduces
the confusion of visitors and mistakes by employees, saving time
and money and preventing accidents. It also reduces stress,
boosting health and productivity (Evans and McCoy, 1998)[Ref:
7].
Most designers believe that wayfinding is not a high priority issue
relative to other design concerns, or view it as a problem that will
interfere with good design. It is often considered simply a signage
issue (Carpman and Grant, 2002: 434).
Kevin Lynch first discussed the impact of the apparent clarity or
legibility of the cityscape on urban quality of life in The Image of
the City in 1960]. Lynch defined legibility as the ease with which
the parts can be recognized and . . . organized into a coherent
pattern. Because legibility and clarity facilitate movement within
the built environment, Lynch claims they are integral to personal
growth and furnish the raw material for the symbols & collective
memories of group communication. Legible surroundings
promote emotional satisfaction, the framework for
communication and conceptual organization [Ref:10].
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Architectural Wayfinding Components
4.4
Legibility of the built environment is served by clear articulation
and coherent grouping of interior and exterior spaces, legible
circulation systems design, and integrating communication
systems (Arthur and Passini, 1992) [Ref: 5]. These three
objectives can be divided into the following components.
1. Wayfinding is as much an architectural issue as a graphic
issue. Architects and designers need to take responsibility for
inclusive approaches to wayfinding and remain apprised of
psychological and health-related impacts of building design. If
they are not ready to do that, a wayfinding expert should be
engaged at early stages of the design.
2. Whether addressed through architecture or information, the
design of wayfinding systems should include: (1) identifying and
marking spaces; (2) grouping spaces; (3) linking and organizing
spaces; and (4) communicating this information to the user.
3. Wayfinding design guidelines and best practices vary by
building type, size, and layout; urban, suburban or rural location;
frequency of use; and user requirements, preferences, and
characteristics.
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Architectural Wayfinding Components
4.4
4. Every building that has undergone substantial functional
revisions or additions should have a user audit / post occupancy
evaluation.
5. Provide as many wayfinding cues in the environment or the
architecture as possible, rather than through signage. Landmarks
that help visitor orientation and direction-giving can be
fundamental for this purpose (VanderKlipp, 2006).
6. Designers must remember that spatial learning and thinking
are not the same as visual learning and thinking.
7. Designers should also remember that small models of
designed environments may produce unanticipated perceptual
effects when built at full scale due to factors in the environment
and non-visual effects of the full-scale building. Wayfinding
elements may be too small or considered insignificant in scale
models.
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Building Form and Architectural Features
4.5
1. Facilitate wayfinding for all individuals, regardless of abilities.
Research and be aware of differences in wayfinding
competencies in potential users, such as gender, age and people
of different abilities (Arthur and Passini, 1992)
2. Wayfinding should be designed for the first-time visitor
because repeat visitors can use their past experiences for
navigation. (Lynch, 1960). Keep the mental state of the visitor in
mind when designing wayfinding systems (e.g., distracted, tired,
tourists; worried patients at a medical facility)
3. While comprehensive and collaborative planning should be
initiated between architects and designers early in the design
process, we need to gather tools of good wayfinding design,
including participant research, user involvement and evaluative
research and assessment tools (Arthur and Passini, 1992).
4. The best-designed wayfinding plans change over time as
urban space and building uses change, or buildings are added to,
restored, or otherwise modified. They may also change in relation
to exterior modifications and larger changes in cultural changes.
One solution is to provide information in ways that are easily
updated .
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Building Form and Architectural Features
4.5
5. Provide users with an ordered environment that has a clear
possibility of choice and a starting-point for the acquisition of
further information. (Lynch, 1960: 4) [Ref: 10].
6. Provide users with a clear visual sweep of the site or building
on entering to afford them an overview of their surroundings, so
they can see a large number of elements and their relationships,
at the same time giving them a sense of their relation to the whole
(Lynch, 1960: 43) [Ref: 10]. The panoramic experience not only
delights, but helps the user obtain a view of the larger spatial
configuration that reinforces memorability. Distinctive views of
plantings, water views, and views of shocking or unexpected
sites such as large changes in scale or color variation, can also
assist users to construct wider mental maps, as can strong
contrasts of spatial configuration, materials, and landscaping
(Lynch, 1960: 43-45) [Ref: 10].
7. Give visual dominance to pathways, with their own
characteristics of space, view and motion, because they are the
main influence in forming mental maps of a space .Use design to
reinforce already existing social meaning, not to negate it (Lynch,
1960: 46) [Ref: 10]. (Lynch, 1960: 44-45) [Ref: 10].
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SIGNAGE DESIGN
5.0
You are unlikely to find the terms 'signage systems', wayfinding
systems or 'directional systems' in the wayfinding dictionary.
These are concepts that are as new as the subject itself. Equally
new is the whole concept of systematic design that blends
together all the technical and functional requirements of a project,
although the actual task of showing people the way is as old as
humankind. The arrow, for example, is an age-old sign, and in
ancient times piles of stones used to point the way at crossroads.
One important factor is the number of people involved and the
amount of time available. Giving clear information as quickly as
possible to large crowds seems a relatively modern concern,
although Presumably Roman arenas were cleared pretty quickly,
and it would be interesting to know how they did it. At a hospital,
airport or trade fair, visitors want to get to the right area as quickly
as possible but are often confronted with a bewildering choice of
A, B, C etc. Just as people have to be directed through buildings
and streets, they also need efficient systems to guide them at
transport terminals. A clearly designed system of timetables and
Destination is indispensable. One of the very first destinations
designs to have used a combination of Words and graphics was
the map of the London Underground originally conceived by
Harry Beck in 1931) an Displays of train and flight times.[Ref: 4]
signage:
Origin: sign + age
noun chiefly N. Amer.
signs collectively, especially commercial or public display signs.
(oxford dictionary)
noun
graphic designs, as symbols, emblems, or words, used esp. for
identification or as a means of giving directions or warning. <a
href'http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/signage'>
(www.dictionary.com)
Signage is any kind of graphics created to display information to
a particular audience, typically wayfinding information on
streets, outside and inside of buildings.(wikipedia.org)
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SIGNAGE DESIGN
5.1
Signage systems you can tell a company by its graphics. If a
building bears the firm's font, or is adorned with the appropriate
signs and lettering sends out a friendly signal that accomplishes
a great deal more than simply giving address. The concept of
such systems is described by the French as signaltique, which
has been adopted by the Swiss and the Germans as Signaletik,
emphasizing the active signal more than the sign. This term
denotes identification actions - indication, suggestion, and
recognition - in contrast to the less dynamic wayfindinq system.
In English less of a distinction is made between these different
systems, which are usually all bracketed together under 'signage.
[Ref: 4]
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WAYFINDING
5.2
Anton Stankowski objects to the very concept of directional
systems, since they degrade the observer to the level of a
passive, totally dependent object being led through a building.
Such direction' differs from the passivity of wayfindinq aids, as it
is up to you whether you take advantage of the latter. And if we
look a little more closely at what lies behind these linguistic terms,
the design too is different. Active direction imposes itself
intrusively on the foreground, and is an end in itself
it entails leadership, domination, irresistible authority. A way
finding system is polite and restrained, and may hide itself away
when it is not needed. It you were not looking for it, you could
easily miss it.[Ref: 4]
DIRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
This is not such an appealing term. The idea of being guided,
informed and helped is far more pleasant and gentle than the
domineering 'direct", or being actively led. A leader can also
mislead, as many a nation has discovered to its cost. [Ref: 4]
Definition: signs, maps, and other graphic or audible
methods used to convey location and directions to travelers:
also written as way-finding
Ltymology: coined in l960 by architect Kevin Lynch)
wayfinding is often used to refer to traditional navigation
methods used by indigenous peoples. |n more modern times,
wayfinding is used in the context of architecture to refer to the
user experience of orientation and choosing a path within the
built environment, and it also refers to the set of architectural
and/or design elements that aid orientation.
(wikipedia.org)
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WAYFINDING
5.2
What is wayfinding?
The term wayfinding descnbes the processes people go through
to find their way round an environment.
The waylinding process is fundamentally problem-solving, and is
affected by many factors which are covered in this section.
People's perception of the environment, the wayfinding
information available, their ability to orientate themselves
spatially, and the cognitive and decision-making processes they
go through, all affect how successfully they find their way. [Ref:
17]
How people find their way?
Many factors affect how people orientate themselves and find
their way, but wayfinding is essentially a series of interrelated
decisions influenced by personal and environmental factors and
also the availability and understandability of information.
Having decided to make a journey, people will encounter a series
of decision points along the route. They look for further
information at these points in order to make a decision about
which way to go next.[Ref: 17]
start
end
Figure 5.2.1
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SIGNAGE ELEMENTS
5.3
Eye Level
Typography
Fonts and Forms
Arrows
Colour in Signage
Colour Coding In Signage
Semiotics: The Study of Signs
Maps
Figure 5.3.1 a b
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EYE LEVEL
5.3
One absurd 'golden rule' states that an eye level of 163 cm is the
ideal height for conveying information. As a general principle,
rules should be questioned, and especially this one. Whatever its
origin, the measurement of 163 cm divides walls into unbalanced
proportions, which is far from ideal.
When we are standing upright, looking straight ahead, it is pos-
sible that our eyes cover a field whose average height is 163 cm
above the ground. However, we do not normally walk in a strictly
perpendicular manner - our heads tilt slightly forward, and our
eyes therefore drop. This is another reason why information
should not be placed at eye levels. A good height for the upper
edge of a sign on a door, for example, would be 145 cm.
Information at a trade fair or an airport needs to be placed high up,
where it can be read above people's heads. The same applies to
signposts for lorry drivers, who are seated much higher than
motorists. The information must be at such a height that it is not
concealed by parked cars or perpendiculars. [Ref: 4]
Figure 5.3.2
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21
TYPOGRAPHY
5.4
'Typography and architecture intersect. Every building has some
kind of writing. Houses bear signs. In important buildings, stone
masons and architects leave their signatures on stones. House
numbers can be decorative or intrusive, while the doorbell and
the letterbox may serve as visiting cards. The written word is an
accompaniment to the erected stone, and well chosen
typography enriches the architecture. It can work with the
building, but it can also work against it. Whether unusual or
discreet, hard or soft, the lettering should always be integral to
the architecture, its ally rather than its enemy.'[Ref: 4]
Architects make so little use of typographical elements on their
buildings. The main reason will be that the building design
doesnt need it. Most buildings can make their function clear
without the use of signage on the faade. As you will find on the
buildings listed below, architects used the signage to show the
name of the building to the world; there is no building to be found
with its function printed on it. The function is supposed to be
clear.
Figure 5.4.1
Minnaert building, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany
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TYPOGRAPHY
5.4
STUDY OF FONTS:
In a wayfinding system, this relationship is reversed. A handful of
large letters stand on a small and restricted surface. The
individual forms of the letters are directly connected to that
surface and its restrictive borders, which for the most part tend to
be rectangular, sharply defined and simple. These characteristics
respond more effectively to a font with similar formal qualities i.e.
sans serif straight and solid. The stems and strokes of serif
characters tend to be tapered, clashing against the stiff
rectangles of regular signs.
Figure 5.4.2(a) The Anatomy of Type
Figure 5.4.2(b) Text size
Typography x
Cap height
Serif
Counter Ascender
Bowl Loop
Uppercase Letter
Lowercase Letter
Descender
Baseline
X height
8 Ft.
16 Ft.
32 Ft.
64 Ft. distance
text height
1/4 inch.
1/2 inch.
1 inch.
2 inch.
TYPOGRAPHY
5.4
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2

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s

=

1

P
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a
6 Point
8 Point
10 Point
12 Point
14 Point
18 Point
24 Point
30 Point
36 Point
42 Point
48 Point
54 Point
60 Point
72 Point
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.
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1
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2
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4
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6
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7
2
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Figure 5.4.3
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ARROWS
5.5
There are whole books on the subject of arrows, and of course
the examples shown here aren't the only varieties. Just as with
fonts, there is a wide choice available, but here we shall deal with
just two types that are suitable for wayfinding systems.
Arrow 1 is in FF DIN Light, while arrow 2 is in Thesis the Sans
Extra Light Expert. The proportions of the two arrows are similar
(Thesis grey, FF DIN black), although the barbs are more tapered
in Thesis.

Figure 5.5.1(a)
Arrow 1 Arrow 2
Figure 5.5.2
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ARROWS
5.5
Figure 5.5.2a
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COLOURS
5.6
In wayfinding systems, contrast is important for ease of reading.
If coloured lettering is used on a bright background, the contrast
is weak. The optimal contrast is white against dark colours and
black against bright colours.
Against a coloured background white lettering always looks best,
but only if there is sufficient contrast. Even with bright colours, or
against dark shades of yellow, white is most effective. Black
lettering tends to merge with the background and make the
colour look dirty.
Coloured lettering can be quite decorative, but it can make a very
strong impact and needs to be used sparingly. Coloured letters
can also convey a message - for instance, they may indicate that
you are on a particular floor. In order to do this efficiently, they
must be set in dull surroundings as otherwise the different
elements may find themselves in competition with one another.
Generally, coloured lettering is problematic and less expressive
than white or black.[Ref: 4]
Figure 5.5.1
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COLOUR CODING
5.6
Colour-coded directions make it easier for visitors to find their way,
enabling them to identify quickly the nature of the information they
are after. This may only speed the process up by a matter of
seconds, but it reduces stress and contributes to the overall
efficiency of system.
If plans for a building are laid out on a grid showing partition walls,
the tiniest detail can be given a set of coordinates. This clear
system avoids confusion if changes are made, without the need
for complicated codes.
If you are numbering rooms in a corridor according to a code, it is
best to group all even numbers on one side, and odd numbers on
the other. They should also follow the same sequence, so that Low
even numbers are opposite low odd numbers. This makes it easier
to locate whichever room you are looking for.[Ref:4] Figure 5.6.1
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SEMIOTICS
5.7
Iconogram: Illustrative representation, An Iconic sign which, as an
illustrative representation, emphasizes the points in common
between the signifier and the signified.
Pictogram: Pictorial representation, ISOTYPE. An iconic sign
which represents complex facts, not through words or sounds but
through visual carriers of meaning.
Cartogram: A topographical representation with complex
functions (statistics etc.) and iconic facts, for example an atlas or
the ground plan of a house.
Diagram: Functional representation. A visual sign which is partly
still an iconic representation, but is more a functional carrier that
illustrates, for example, a sequence of facts or functions.
Ideogram: Representation of a concept. Corresponds to the sign
as a symbol which relates to the object or concept referred to,
independently of any formal identification with it.
Typogram: Typographical representation. A sign, also a
composed sign, derived from a written repertoire such as the
alphabet. [Ref 19]
Semiotics, also called semiotic studies or semi-
ology, is the study of sign processes (semiosis),
or signification and communication, signs and
symbols, both individually and grouped into sign
systems. It includes the study of how meaning
is constructed and understood.
Semantics: Relation between signs and the
things they refer to, their denotata.
Syntactics: Relation of signs to each
other in formal structures.
Pragmatics: Relation of signs to their
impacts on those who use them.
(source: wikipedia .org)
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SEMIOTICS
5.7
Fig: 5.7.2 VISUAL SIGNS [Ref 19]
Syntactics/Syntax
visual formal modes
Sigmatics
relation between sign & signified
Semantics
sender/meaning
Pragmatics intention
(influencing the receiver)
icon
image
degree of iconicity
substantial resemblance to
original
degree of abstraction
substantial deviation from
original
symbol
representative
index
indicator, pointer, mainly
characters; if pictorial, icon
and symbol possible as
index
form
dimension
dot, line,flat surface,
body, space
quality
round, angular, regular,
irregular, free
quantity
large, small
demarcation
empty, fully or partially
filled, open form, closed
form,clear contours, blurred
contours
realization
structured, sketchy,firm,
fuzzy, fragmented, free
brightness
colour
movement
material
imperative
will, duty
suggestive
feelings
indicative
information, knowledge
dependent on repertoire of
sender and receiver
dependent on context other
signs culture, surroundings,
knowledge, social environment
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MAP
5.8
What is a map?
Maps inhabit the realm of fact, although not exclusively. They are
figurative representations of dimensions, attributes and relations
of things in the physical or logical world. Reproduced at a scale
smaller than life-size (usually, but not exclusively -sometimes
their scale is 1:1 or, when mapping the microcosm, larger).
What can be mapped?
Anything can be mapped, and most things are: places, busi-
nesses, galaxies, histories, bodies, philosophies devices and
databases. The subject-matter of a map is measured and named
and ordered (captured!) by the mapmaker who, armed with
carefully verified data and a language of pictorial description,
puts everything in its proper place with its proper name as he or
she sees it.[Ref:18]
A map is a visual representation of an areaa symbolic
depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that
space such as objects, regions, and themes.
(source: wikipedia.org)
Figure 5.8.1
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MAP
5.8
Why use maps?
Maps give their readers the simple and magical ability to see
beyond the horizon. The enlightening arid revelatory
characteristic of a good map derives from its encompassing
vision, contained within a single consistent pictorial model. The
map provides a view that slides instantaneously between
panorama and detail. A map embodies the work, knowledge and
Intelligence of others. We obtain a vision of a place that we may
never have seen, or divine a previously unseen pattern in things
we thought we knew intimately. So, we consult a map as we
would an adviser in order to locate, identify and decide onto be
enlightened. As a result we suffer, sometimes. a grand illusion of
omnipotence by believing that the map contains everything
necessary for Understanding or controlling a domain. We forget
that the mapmaker has an implicit or explicit agenda of his own,
not necessarily aligned with ours. Maps are
imperfect. They have missing layers arid gaps within the layers.
Paradoxically, much information can be gathered front the gaps
left in maps, not least about the mapmaker's intentions. This is,
one of the beauties of maps.[Ref:18]
Figure 5.8.2
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IIT GUWAHATI Campus
6.1
Figure 6.1.1 Map of IITG from wikimapia
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TOPOGRAPHY
6.2
Topography (from greek topo-, "place", and
graphia, "writing") is the study of Earth's surface shape and
features or those of planets, moons, and asteroids. It is also the
description of such surface shapes and features (especially their
depiction in maps).
The topography of an area can also mean the surface shape and
features themselves.
In a broader sense, topography is concerned with local detail in
general, including not only relief but also vegetative and human-
made features, and even local history and culture.
(source: wikipedia.org)
Figure 6.2.1 the topography of the campus
hills (view blockers)
lakes (appreciating ground)
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CIRCULATION
6.3
Due to topography of the campus one will have to go through ups
and downs (slope).
-the hills in the campus are considered as view blockers as they
do not allow a person to see beyond them thus creating a bit of
confusion or may be the only one road gives an extra
confidence of not being misled.
-the lakes are called appreciating ground because there is no
view obstruction and all the buildings around the lake could be
seen clearly, thus giving a clue about where the building is but
creating another question about whats the name of the
building?
Figure 6.2.1 the topography of the campus
entrance(A, B, C, D)
circulation
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Role of Topography in Circulation
6.4
steep
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steep
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level level
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route followed when seen in elevation
route followed when seen in plan
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as the stations are approached the places are positioned which are in proximity with the stations
Figure6.4.1 it illustrates the path followed from station
A to D in plan and in elevation through the
campus.
steep
slope
steep
slope
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Approaching the Campus
6.5
- Private vehicles
two wheelers
four wheelers
- Public vehicles
auto rickshaw
taxi
bus
- IITG transport
bus
ambulance
cycle
vehicles
- Pedestrian
Figure 6.5.1
A
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Movement of People
6.6
4 entrance gates
- gate A ( main entrance )
- gate B ( ASEB )
- gate C ( Faculty gate )
- gate D ( Lathia bagicha gate )
IIT Guwahati campus is mainly approached from gate A and
gate D.
Visitors (those who do not have institute ID card) have to sign in (getting
a visitor token ) at the gate to come into the campus.
Residents (students, faculty and staff members)
A
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Figure 6.6.1
entrance(A, B, C, D)
movement of people in the campus(circulation)
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Distribution of People
6.6.1
Figure 6.6.1a
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFFS, STUDENTS,
AND VISITORS ACCORDING TO THE
ACTIVITIES, PLACE & TIME
STAFFS
STUDENTS
VISITORS
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
MAX UTILISED ROUTES
ENTRANCE (A, B, C, D)
N
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D
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Decision Points
6.6.2
Figure 6.6.2a
DISTRIBUTION OF STAFFS, STUDENTS,
AND VISITORS ACCORDING TO THE
ACTIVITIES, PLACE & TIME
STAFFS
STUDENTS
VISITORS
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
MAX UTILISED ROUTES
DECISION POINTS
ENTRANCE (A, B, C, D)
N
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Digital Signage
7.0
Figure 7.0.1
WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNAGE SYSTEM ?
Digital Signage or Narrow Casting is a futuristic media option with
the potential of delivering value much beyond traditional media
like billboards, print signage and static display unit in a more
controlled format. It comprises of an electronic display screen
which is integrated with a player at the back end, displaying
dynamic multi-media content which is highly attention grabbing
and thus more impact full. The content can be changed on the
screen without changing the physical display signage. Dynamic
digital signage has become today an innovative way of displaying
the information in a multimedia format which presents the
information in a place where the target audience receives the
communication in a more involving and a unique way.
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Comparative Analysis
7.1
Graphic display
-a static information
-typically way finding
-only one side interaction
Electronic display
-a discreet information(in packets)
-any kind of information
-one side interaction
Electronic display
-Possibilities for both discreet and continuous information
-For a system approach (virtual)
-Both side interaction
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Figure 7.1.1
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Places of Use
7.2
WHERE DIGITAL SIGNAGE SYSTEM CAN BE USED?
HOSPITALITY SECTOR
ADVERTISING SECTOR
RETAIL SECTOR
BANKING SECTOR
TRANPORTATION SECTOR
CORPORATE SECTOR
WHY DIGITAL SIGNAGE SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED?
Greater message impact by using full-motion, full-color video.
Ability to change the message faster, more easily and less
expensively compared with replacing printed signage.
Ability to trigger messages based on time of the day, day of
week - even event parameters.
Ability to provide regional, local and even site-specific content
efficiently and inexpensively.
Figure 7.2.1
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SIGNAGE SYSTEM at IITG
8.0
The signs that identify IITG:
must provide assistance to users of the facilities.
must also represent an important aspect of the institutes visual
identity.
must communicate essential information about the facility, and
about the Institute and its operations.
Figure 8.0.1 IIT GUWAHATI logo
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CRITICAL APPRAISAL
8.1
The signage system at IITG are
- not very clear because its worn out.
- the placements of the directional signage should be properly
oriented.
- usability factors should be taken care of.
- aspect of the institutes visual/ brand identity is not present.
- the colour consistency has been maintained.
- not proprerly illuminated for visibility in dark.
- the identification of other buildings must look belonging from
the same family.
Figure 8.1.1 a) not perfect orientation along the road
b) worn out signs
c) & d) the identification of other services must match the current
system of depiction
a b
c d
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CRITICAL APPRAISAL
8.1
Some feature of wayfinding which is missing in the present
system :
- there is no map of the campus
- the usage of only one language i.e. ENGLISH
- there is no indication for the parking area
- the bus stops in the campus which is one of the most
important feature has not been exploited
- the brand identity is missing
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CRITICAL APPRAISAL
8.1
In this figure shown at the left :
Picture (a) was taken at 1800 hrs and there was a problem of
visibility, the directional signs were not clear at
that moment of time.
Picture (b) was also taken at 1800 hrs by using the flash of
the camera, and due to the usage of reflective
vinyl sticker for the directional signs it was visible.
DEDUCTION: A better system of illumination must be used so
that the signs are visible at any time of the day.
Figure 8.1.2 a b
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CRITICAL APPRAISAL
8.1
In this figure shown at the left :
Picture (a) was taken at 1900 hrs and there was a problem of
visibility, the directional signs were not clear at
that moment of time.(NB: the street lights were
switched on by that time)
Picture (b) was also taken at 1900 hrs by using the flash of
the camera, and due to the usage of reflective
vinyl sticker for the directional signs, it was visible.
The background used here is buffed metal and
the directional signe are dark in shade as com
pared to earlier figure. The map shown here
doesnot give any clue to the user about where he
is, leading to confusion.
DEDUCTION: Care should be taken to give the user a clue of
where he/she is. This would increase the
effectiveness of the map provided
Figure 8.1.3 a b
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Studying the present system
8.2
Location of the decision points:
How a user interacts with the current system and reaches his
destination from the source station.
Series of actions which takes place
-what information is available at the source station
-lead according to the information processed
-at the time of bifurcation in the way decision should be taken
accordingly to the information available
-while reaching the destination, there should be some indication
that the station has been reached and the journey is complete
The figure shown in left illustrates the path followed to reach the
destination from the source. In between there are some decision
points where the direction are given. The study was done to know
how the task is performed and what key factors should be
considered while placing the directional signs.
Figure 8.2.1 route followed from station A to E
A
B
C
D
E
B
D
C
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8.2
The figure 8.8.2 shows the snaps
of the route taken to start the
journey from station A to station
E. In between there were some
key point called as decision point
which provided a great help in
taking the decision. The factor
which influenced the place
ment of the sign post was the
division of the road, there were
sign post at the time when there
was another question, now
where to go, or which way to
follow.
Studying this part of the system gives the basic idea of placement
of the sign posts. Though there were some points where there
was a long way to cover and there were no decision points (from
station B to station C) but still there was some confidence
because there were no diversions.
After reaching to the destination E there was an indication which
showed that the goal is achieved.
Figure 8.2.2 snaps of the route followed from station A to E

A
B
C
D
E
1
A
B
C C
D E
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
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8.2
Figure 8.2.3 snaps of the route followed from Faculty Gate to the main gate
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
16 17 18
13 14 15
19 20 21
the architectural features like creating a pathway for the pedestrian and painting it in black and white stripes, which would give the
user an extra confidence and would also prevent them in entering to the sites specifically for the pedestrian and cycle movements.
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9.0
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MAP for IITG
9.1
Map, whenever I hear this word the first thing which comes to my
mind is the map of India and then the world map.
One of things which are common in both the maps is their
orientation, which always shows the north direction pointing
upwards.
Can you imagine a map of world where north is pointed
downwards?
When I started conceptualising about the map for IITGuwahati
campus certain questions were there:
-what should the orientation of the map be?
-should the YAH position be fixed and the map be rotated
around it?
-should the map be made differently for different entrances?
So it is clear that people usually create a mental model (mental
image, mental map) which simplifies the environment, and the
routes through it, based on available information. When they
arrive at a site, or continue along a route, they then try to match
their mental model to the actual environment. This is a part of the
process of decision executing.
Figure 9.0.1
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
Maps should provide clear, unambiguous answers to three
questions:
where am I and where am I going;
how will I get there;
how will I know when I have arrived.
Good signage helps to explain the facility and, in a sense,
answers questions before they are asked. A well-planned system
enables people to find their destination readily and quickly,
reducing the need to search or to ask questions. All signs within a
facility tend to interact, and the effectiveness of a system depends
on all its components being consistent.
Figure 9.0.2
How people find their way
Where to go?
Purpose of visit?
Finding the location of IITG
Find the entrance of the campus
Looking into the map & locate
Find the route to the destination
Follow the route to destination
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
Steps involved in building a map for IIT Guwahati
-orientation of the map
-locating the natural features eg. lakes, hills, river, forest etc.
-drawing the boundaries
-removing irrelevant information from the map
-drawing the circulation
-dividing into different zones
-assigning the colour to different services
-naming the services or prepare a legend
-locating prominent landmarks for people to notice, remember
and recognize
-sequence, priority and grouping of sign messages
Figure 9.0.2 illustration of sequence of steps followed for IITG map
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
A map is incomplete without a proper legend or it would mean
nothing.
A map symbol represents a feature or object on the ground.
A legend explains what objects or features the symbols represent.
Figure 9.0.3 continued illustration of sequence of steps followed for IITG map
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
IIT Guwahati Campus Map
NORTH
NORTH
the sketch of the map starts with the layout
of the boundary and with the orientation
i.e. giving the north sign
a b c
after the boundary was drawn the natural
features were drawn with reference to the
topography of the campus i.e. the water
body, hills, river etc
after conceiving the general topography of
the campus the circulation within the
campus was defned and marked
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
IIT Guwahati Campus Map IIT Guwahati Campus Map
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when the circulation (roads) were marked
diferent zones were created with respect
to their functions and services and colour
when the circulation (roads) were marked
layout of the buildings were created keep-
ing the outline profle and diferent colour
code were assigned to each type of build-
ing
the area assigned and the building layout
were applied together for the general idea
of the map
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MAP for IITG
9.1.1
R
i v
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r G
h
o
r a
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a
r a

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h
o
ra
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a
r a

R
iv
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h
o
ra
m
a
ra
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r a

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iv
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a
ra
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a
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S1
S11
S2
S3
S4
S5
S7
S8
S9
S10
S6
15
5
4
6
7
8
9
13
14
12
10
11
16
18
17
3
2
1
(Main Gate)
G1
G3(Lathia Bagicha Gate)
G4(Faculty Gate)
G2(ASEB)
Towards Ferry Ghat 2.5 km >>
<< Towards Amingaon
T
o
w
a
r
d
s
N
H
- 3
1
>
>
the area code and the building layout were
looking too much clumsy, so the area code
was removed
when the area code was removed from the
map it looked too blank so the size of the
area was altered for the purpose of quick
interpretation of the colour code by the
users
the building layouts were assigned a tag or
a particular number which would carry
information when referred to, in the
legend
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Legend in MAP for IITG
9.1.2
Figure 9.0.5 options for the format of legend for the map all dimensions are in meters
Legend for the IIT Guwahati map must be very simple and clear
for the users to inter relate the message required and information
provided.
The size of the letters used in the map must be atleast viewable
from the distance of 4 meters so that one does not require to get
out from the vehicle to facilitate it.
Different layouts have been tried and tested for the positioning of
the legend part of the map.
Some new words and graphics has been formulated for the IITG
map, so it was necessary to provide those new item in the legend
so that the users dont interpret it wrongly.
The colour coding system was derived from the map zoning part
so that the time required for the users to interpret and inter relate
gets shorten.
2.23
1.40 0.55
1.97
0.60
1.60
2.23
0.60
1.60
1.97
1.40 0.55
1.40
1.97
1.40 0.55
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9.1.2
Figure 9.0.6 options for the arrangement of names for the legend S
E
Q
U
E
N
T
I
A
L
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
I
C
A
L
INSTITUTIONAL
Academic Complex
Administration Building
Auditorium
Lecture Hall
Library/ Computer Centre
Workshop
HOSTELS
Barak
Dihing
Kameng
Kapili
Manas
Married Scholar Hostel
Siang
Subhansiri
Umiam
SERVICES
ATM / Canteen
Akshara Kids School
Community Hall (STAFF)
Community Hall (STUDENTS)
GuestHouse
Hospital
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post office
RAILWAY(Reservation Counter)
Transit Complex
Shopping Complex
Sports Complex
Swimming Pool
HOUSING
A D
B E
C F
Bus stops S1- S11
Entrance
Information
Parking
You Are Here
LEGEND
IIT Guwahati Map
L
P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
A
B
C
D
E
F
INSTITUTIONAL
Administration
Auditorium
Lecture Hall
Academic
Workshop
HOSTELS
Subhansiri
Siang
Kapili
Dihing
Manas
Kameng
Barak
Umiam
SERVICES
Guest House
Hospital
Transit Complex
Sports Complex
Swimming Pool
Shopping Complex
Akshara Kids School
Kendriya Vidyalaya
ATM / Canteen
Post Office
HOUSING
A
B
C
D
E
Bus stops S1- S11
Parking
Entrance
Information
You Are Here
LEGEND
IIT Guwahati Map
P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
4
5
6
7
7
The size of the letters used in the LEGEND which is viewable
from the distance of 4 meters is 80points - 48 points.
The colour coding of the legend is done with respect to the zoning
part of the map to establish the relation from the map.
The name of the buildings are written in two fashion
- ALPHABETICAL
- SEQUENTIAL
The options were tried and the test proved the ALPHABETICAL
part to be the better.
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9.1.2
Figure 9.0.7 FINAL MAP with LEGEND
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TYPOGRAPHY
9.2
Figure 9.2.1 the clues given by the top and bottom part of typeface
We encounter with the fonts in our day to day life, be it from a
small wrist watch or a huge billboard of advertisement. People
see it everywhere and anywhere. The usage of fonts in different
fashion shows the significance of the fonts.
In this part of the chapter I will be explaining and exploring the
fonts used for the purpose of the signage system. Most readable
letters are lowercase letters.
General mistakes to be avoided:
-long passages in capital letters;
-long passages in italic;
-printing on colored paper, over tint blocks or over photos;
-use of ornamented or otherwise defaced type.
People read not by looking at each letter of a word, but by looking
at the shape of each words letters. And there are more clues on
the top half of letters than on the bottom, generally speaking.
Signage System
Signage System
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FONTS
9.2.1
Figure 9.2.2 the list of fonts selected for the signage system
Arial
AvantGarde
Calibiri
CastleT
CATIA SYMBOL
Corbel
Franklin Gothic Book
Franklin Gothic Medium
Futura BdCn BT
Futura Bk BT
Futura Md BT
Futura Lt BT
Geometr415 Lt BT
Geometr231 BT
Gill Sans MT
Gothic
Gothic 725 Bold BT
HandelGotDLig
Helvetica
Humanst521 BT
HoratioDMed
Kartika
Kabel Medium BT
Kabel Book BT
Lucida Sans Unicode
Myriad
Tahoma
Swiss 721 Bold Rounded BT
Swiss 721 Bold Outline BT
Swiss 721 Bold Condensed Outline BT
Segoe UI
SansSerif
Tr ebuchet MS
Verdana
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Experimentation on FONTS
9.2.2
Figure 9.2.4 Different fonts were tried on same word
Helvetica
Arial
Calibiri
Administration
Administration
Administraon
Century Gothic Administration
AvantGarde Bk BT Administration
CastleT Administration
CATIA Symbols Administration
Corbel
TTYogeshEN Normal
Administration
Administration
Franklin Gothic Book Administration
Franklin Gothic Medium Administration
Futura BdCn BT Administration
Futura Bk BT Administration
Lucida Sans Unicode
Kartika
Kabel Medium BT
Administration
Administration
Administration
Kabel Book BT Administration
Humanst521 BT Administration
HoratioDMed Administration
HandelGotDLig Administration
Gothic 725 Bold BTl
Gill Sans MT
Administration
Administration
Geometr415 Lt BT Administration
Geometr231 BT Administration
Futura Md BT Administration
Futura Lt BT Administration
Verdana Administ rat ion
VAGRounded Lt-Normal
Trebuchet MS Admi ni st r at i on
Tahoma Administration
Swiss 721 Bold Rounded BT
Swiss 721 Bold Outline BT
Administration
Administration
Swiss 721 Bold Condensed Outline BT Administration
Segoe UI Administration
SansSerif Administration
Myriad Administration
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Screening of the FONTS
9.2.3
Figure 9.2.5 Fonts left after the first shortlist
Helvetica Helvetica
Arial a
Calibiri Calibiri
AAAdministration dministration dministration
Administration Administration Administration
Administraon Administraon Ad i i t
Century Gothic Century Gothic Administration d i i i Administration Administration
AvantGarde Bk BT AvantGarde Bk BT Administration Administration Administration
CATIA Symbols C Sy bo s Administration Administration Administration
Corbel Corbel Administration Administration Ad i i t ti
Franklin Gothic Book Franklin Gothic Book Administration Administration Ad i i t ti
Futura Bk BT utu a Administration Ad Administration Ad i i t ti
Lucida Sans Unicode Lucida Sans Unicode AAAdministration ddministration dministration
Humanst521 BT Humanst521 BT Administration Administration Ad i i t ti
Gill Sans MT Gill Sans MT Administration Administration Ad i i t ti
Futura Md BT utu a d Administration Ad i i i d s a o Ad i i t ti
Futura Lt BT utu a t Administration Add s a o Ad i i t ti
Verdana Verdana Administ rat ion d Administ rat ion Administ rat ion
VAGRounded Lt-Normal VAGRounded Lt Normal
Tahoma Tahoma Administration d i i i Administration Administration
SansSerif SansSerif Administration Administration Administration
Myriad Myriad Administration Administration Ad i i t ti
the shortlisting of the fonts has been done on the
basis of legibility and certain amount of biasness
was also there as there were more than 40 fonts
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Screening of the FONTS
9.2.3
Figure 9.2.6 Fonts left after the 2nd and 3rd shortlist
2
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the total of 5 fonts were shortlisted after
2nd and 3rd screening on the basis of
the size and legibility and tightness and
looseness
Helvetica
Arial
Calibiri
Administration
Administration
Administraon
Century Gothic Administration
Corbel Administration
Franklin Gothic Book Administration
Lucida Sans Unicode Administration
Humanst521 BT Administration
Gill Sans MT Administration
Futura Md BT Administration
Futura Lt BT Administration
Verdana Administ rat ion
Tahoma Administration
Helvetica Administration
Helvetica Administration
Ad i i i d s a o Ad i i t ti
G S s st at o Ad i i t ti
d st t o
Ad i i i
Ad i i t ti
d st at o Administration
Ad u u a d s a o Ad i i t ti
d st at o Ad i i t ti
d st at o Ad i i t ti
C Sy bo s d st at o Administration
d i i i
Administration
Century Gothic Administration Administration
Calibiri Administraon Ad i i t
Arial Administration Administration
e e ca d st at o Administration
y ad d st at o Ad i i t ti
Ad i i i Sa sSe d st at o
d i i i
Administration
Tahoma Administration Administration
G ou ded t o a
d i i i e da a Administ rat ion Administ rat ion
C Sy bo s d st at o Administration
AvantGarde Bk BT Administration Administration
Ad i i i Sa sSe d st at o Administration
G ou ded t o a
AvantGarde Bk BT Administration Administration
Ad i i i Sa sSe d st at o Administration
G ou ded t o a
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FONT SELECTION
9.2.4
Figure 9.2.7 Fonts left after the 3rd shortlist
HELVETICA: Contemporary typeface that comes from Swiss. It
was introduced in 1957 by the Haas typefoundry and was first
presented in the US in the early 1960's - Sans Serif letter / Both
stroke are equal / comfortable for reading.
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzzz yyyyy 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy abcdefghijklmnopqrstu yzz 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz b d f hijkl t 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy b d f hijkl abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy abcdefghijklmnopqrst zz 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789
SansSerif
Myriad
Helvetica
AvantGarde Bk BT
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FONTS & SIZE
9.2.5
Figure 9.2.8 Suggested letter size as per viewing distance
The size of the font for the signage is guided by certain factors:
-visibility -legibility -clarity -decision time
-speed of the user (vehicle, pedestrian, cycle)
-the angle from which a sign would normally be viewed
-the quality and intensity of the light available
-possible obstructions of the sight lines between viewer and sign.
The concept of clear identification pertains to the size and
location of a sign (visibility), the relationship of the sign to the
observer (legibility), and the wording of the message (clarity).
Differences exist with respect to ratios between character size and
viewing distance. This means that the character size and,
consequently, the size of the sign must be increased to ensure a
proper degree of legibility for persons who are visually impaired.
The placement of such signs is also critical.
The viewing distances referred to here are pedestrian related,
which means that they are based on an observer who is standing
or walking towards a sign. When determining the character size
for a sign intended for vehicular traffic, the normal speed of traffic
passing the sign becomes an additional factor.
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FONTS & SIZE
9.2.5
Figure 9.2.9 veiwing angle and distance relationship
Viewing angle
Sign should be placed at a right angle to the observers central line
of vision. Legibility decreases if angle is less than 45 degree.
Viewing distance and displacement
The placement of a sign should be determined in relation to the
observers normal line of vision. Angle of displacement should be
between 5 and 15 degrees.
Viewing distance and character size
The decision concerning viewing distance and character size is
important because it affects the signs legibility and ultimate size.
Traffic speed
Sign intended for vehicle, the 50 or 60 mm size should be
considered for traffic speeds of up to 30 km/h; the 80 or 100 mm
size for speeds of up to 50 km/h; and the 120, 150 or 200 mm size
for speeds of up to 100km/h.
Illumination
Perception of a sign depends mostly on the quality, intensity and
colour of light that falls. Ambient light should suffice, but
operational or site conditions may require special facility.
x
x
not OK OK OK not OK
IDEAL CONDITION
ACTUAL CONDITION
y
y
applying the trignometry the relationship can be established between
x and y, the angle made the hypotenuse to the x is 22.5
so we can say that
but generally we donot look forward in right angle, instead we tend to bend forward and our line of sight is
o
y = x tan 22.5
y = 0.4 x
o
o
y = x tan 15
y = 0.25x
approx 11meters
(all dimensions are in meters)
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sign
sign
ssssiiiigggnnn
sssiigggnnn
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COLOUR
9.3
Figure 9.3.1 colour chart specifing the variations from the primary, secondary and tertiary colour
P
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s
1
a b c d e f g h i j k l
2
3
4
5
6
7
One of the most integral part of the design of the signage system are the colours and must be applied
consistently. In waynding systems, contrast is important for ease of reading. If coloured lettering is used on a
bright background, the contrast is weak. The optimal contrast is white against dark colours and black against
bright colours.Against a coloured background white lettering always looks best, but only if there is sufcient con-
trast. Even with bright colours, or against dark shades of yellow, white is most effective. Black lettering tends to
merge with the background and make the colour look dirty.
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FONTS & COLOUR
9.3
Figure 9.3.1 Exploration of colours with the fonts for the check of clarity
Not only is the contrast important also the chosen typeface
make the difference in a good or bad sign. When using too
bold weighted typefaces the text look like its expanding of the
sign, when using too light weighted typefaces the text fall back
into its background. Medium or Regular weights are usually
the best options to choose for a good and readable sign.
behaviour
exploration
t
o
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
semiotics
confusion
s
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m
b
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l
s
c
a
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p
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s
icon
cont rast
signage
building
circulat ion
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topography
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consistency
typography
c

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circulation
mental model
directions
arrows
shad
design
fonts
way
finding
univ rsal
cartography
architecture
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ARROWS
9.4
Figure 9.4.1 deriving the proportion of the arrow (pointer and tail)
x
x/5
x/5
x/5
x
x/4
x/4
x/4
x
x/10 x/10 0
x/10
x
x/20 x/20 0
x/20
i ii iii
iv
v
Arrows contribute a lot in showing the direction and from time
to time the basic shape and feature has not changed. Though
there has always been evolution in the form of the arrow.
My approach for the derivation of the directional arrow is
completely based on proportion and the foreground and back-
ground relationship of the form.
The arrows size is not fixed so a relation was established in
between the enclosing box and the width of the tail and arms.
Few of the options tried are show in the figure.
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ARROWS
9.4
Figure 9.4.2 Exploration of arrows
The basic width of the arm and the tail of the arrow has been
kept fixed for proper visibility and clarity. Some of the more
options were tried by altering the sharp edges and reducing and
tapering the tail of the arrow. The concept of double arrows has
also been exploited here and finally got a clue to use that for
showing TOWARDS.
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ARROWS & COLOUR
9.4.1
Figure 9.4.3 Exploration of arrows and colour
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YOU ARE HERE
9.5.1
Figure 9.5.2 Exploration for the depiction for YOU ARE HERE in the map
YOU
ARE
HERE
YOU
ARE
HERE
YOU
ARE
HERE
YOU
ARE
HERE
YOU
ARE
HERE
YOU
ARE
HERE
Y
O
U
A
R
E
H
E
R
E
Y
O
U
A
R
E
H
E
R
E
YOU ARE
HERE
YOU ARE
HERE
You are here maps are there where it is necessary to show where the
person viewing the map is actually in the map.
You are here icons must convey two messages
- location of the person viewing the map .
- what is the orientation of the person when viewing
the map.
+ =
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ENTRANCE SIGN
9.5.2
Figure 9.5.1 Exploration for the depiction for ENTRANCE in the map
There are lots of icons for the depiction of the entrance and here
are some of my explorations for the icon of the entrance sign to
IITG campus.
The exploration for the icon of entrance is done on the basis of
foreground and background relation, or simply positive and
negative space.
+ = =
enter in this
direction
symbol for door used
in architecture
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LAYOUT & PLACEMENT of SIGN BOARD
9.6
Figure 9.6.1 Illustration of positioning of the sign board in the map
P
P
P
16 1
P
PPPP
P
PPPP
S11
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aaaaa
River Bramhputra a
G1 GGGGGGGG
(Main Gate)
a Gate) a (Lathia Bagichaaa aaaaaaa )
G3 G
G4(Faculty Gate) Faculty
G2(ASEB)
Towards
Ferry Ghat 2.5 km >>
5
<< Towards Amingaon

T
o
w
a
r
d
s

N
H
-

3
1

>
>
NORTH
S1 S1
S12
2 S222222222
S33
S4444 S4
S5 S55
S77
S88
S99 S9
S10 S1
S66
SS
g
(
1
SS
S
SAC SAC SAC SAC
Cricket
Ground
D103-132 32 32 322
D1-49 D1- D1- D1- D 99999
E1-24 E1 E1 E1
D50-102 02 02 022
E 25-60000
D1
C
F
F
A
B
DDDD1
E1
DDDDDD2 E22
IIT Guwahati Map IIT Guwahati IIT Guwahati Guwah Guwah
SCALE 1:1000
10 0 5
METER
2J 3J 4J 10J
5J 6J
9J
11J
13J
14J 15J
16J
17J
18J
12J
8J
7J
1J
The placement of the signboards in the campus is the crucial part
of the signage design as it has to satisfy the factors related to
visibility, response time, and the layout of the elments placed in the
signboard.
- For whom is the board placed?
-pedestrian movement
-vehicular movement
- What should be the distance between the board and joint /node
of the circulation system?
- The distance is governed by the fact that it has to be interpreted
by the users within 3 - 4 seconds (time limit).
- The speed of approach to the joint/ node of the circulation
system is also a key factor for determining the position of the
sign board.
- The angle made to it is also one of the factor to be considered.
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9.6
Figure 9.6.2 Experiment with elements
ELEMENTS in the sign board
- name of the buildings
- background colour
- directional arrows
- size of the fonts
- colour of fonts
- gaps in between the letters and words and kerning
- layout and arrangement
- format
- hierarchy of information
Academic
Lecture Hall
Library
Sports complex
Administration
Academic
Lecture Hall
Library
Sports complex
Administration
Academic
Lecture Hall
Library
Sports complex
Administration
Academic
Lecture Hall
Library
Sports complex
Guest House
Hospital
Administration
Workshop
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9.6
Figure 9.6.3 Experimentation with letter spacing, word spacing and kerning.
(a)
(b)
(c)
When we talk about a fonts spacing, or letter fit, were referring
to the amount of space between the characters, which in turn
gives the typeface its relative openness or tightness. A fonts
spacing is initially determined by the manufacturer or designer
and is somewhat size-dependent. Text designs tend to be
spaced more openly than display faces. The reason? The
smaller the point size, the more space is needed between
letters to keep the characters legible. Conversely, as a typeface
is set larger, a snugger fit between letters creates word-shapes
that are easier to read.
Although spacing is dictated by personal taste as well as
typographic trends, the goal of good letter fit remains the same:
to create even colour, or visual texture, between all character
combinations. Its more difficult than it might seem, since the
irregular shapes of many characters create some problematic
letter combinations. This is where kerning comes to the
rescue...
Ac ademi c Compl ex
Academi c Compl ex
Academi c Compl ex
Academic Complex
Academic Complex
Academic Complex
Academic Complex
Academic Complex
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9.6
Figure 9.6.4 Experimentation with letter spacing, word spacing and kerning.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Kerning refers to the adjustment of space between two specific
characters, thus the term kerning pair. Most often, kerning
implies a reduction of space, but it can also mean the addition of
space. Kern pairs are created to improve the spacing between
two letters when the normal spacing is less than ideal. A perfect
example is the spacing between a cap A and V. Typically, both
A and V would be spaced so the terminals of their diagonal
strokes nearly touch the vertical stroke in the adjacent letter, like
an H. When a A and V are set next to each other, however,
the spacing looks too open. Kerning adjusts the spacing to be
optically correct.
AV AV AV
AH AH AH
AV AH
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9.6
Figure 9.6.5 Relation between speed & size
The walking speed of a human being in an average is
approximately 5-6 kmph. With this speed a human can easily read
and identify, so their should be consideration for the vehicular
movement in the campus.
In the campus the speed limit of the vehicles is restricted to
40kmph, so the chart refered for this particular purpose is shown
here.
The ultimate size of a sign can be a critical factor and should be
assessed during the planning process. This applies to exterior
signs in particular, where environmental or aesthetic concerns
should be part of the criteria that are considered in determining the
size and location of a sign.
Both the character size and the length of the message determine
the overall size of a sign. It follows that the size of a sign can be
reduced by rephrasing the message or by selecting a different
character size.
Speed & character size ratio
Speed Size
30 kmph 50 - 60 mm
50 kmph 80 - 100 mm
100 kmph 150 - 200 mm
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9.6
Figure 9.6.7
The study of the campus of IITG revealed some unique features
about the circulation of the campus. The junctions provided in the
campus are either T or Y junction. And this unique feature of the
campus would help us in determining the modular and
standardised approach for the positioning and installation of the
signboards.
The figure illustrates the junctions in yellow colour and the other
red, green and blue circles denote the signboards, each board for
each road.
Further the T and Y junctions are studied in detail and major and
minor roads are determined.
P
P
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16 1
P
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P
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S11
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a
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aaaaa
River Bramhputra a
G1 GGGGGGGG
(Main Gate)
G3 G
G2(ASEB)
Towards
5
<< Towards Amingaon

T
o
w
a
r
d
s

N
H
-

3
1

>
>
NORTH
S1 S1
S12
2 S222222222
S33
S4444 S4
S5 S55
S77
S88
S99 S9
S10 S1
S66
SS
g
(
1
SS
S
SAC SAC SAC SAC
Cricket
Ground
D103-132 32 32 322
D1-49 D1- D1- D1- D 99999
E1-24 E1 E1 E1
D50-102 02 02 022
E 25-60000
D1
C
F
F
A
B
DDDD1
E1
DDDDDD2 E22
2J 3J 4J 10J
5J 6J
9J
11J
13J
14J 15J
16J
17J
18J
12J
8J
7J
1J
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9.6
Figure 9.6.9 The illustration of the positioning of the signboard at the T junctions
THE POSITIONING OF THE SIGNBOARD:
Various factors influencing the location of the signboards are
- not to cause an obstruction
- not be obscured (by plants, vehicles, building etc.)
- luminance contrast
- uniformity
- consistency
- eye level
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9.6
Figure 9.6.10 The illustration of the positioning of the signboard at the Y junctions
THE POSITIONING OF THE SIGNBOARD:
Signboards may be placed along the sides of walkways. They
may not be in the middle of walkway intersections. Signboards
cannot be placed in front of entrances or exits to buildings and
cannot obstruct the flow of traffic in and out of buildings, or along
walkways. Signboards may not be placed inside of buildings.
The pathway provided for the pedestrian movement has an
extension provided to it, (the yellow part in the diagram). This
extension demarcates itself in the area giving an extra edge over
the identification of the signboard. The yellow portion is
accessible for disabled persons also.
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9.6
Figure 9.6.11 The illustration of the contents & placement of the signboards
SIGN BOARD
1
JC
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences
D 103 -D132
E 025 -E060
Residences A, B, C, F
D 001 -D102
E 001 - E024
Hospital
Exit (Main Gate)
D 001 -102
E 001 - 024
Hospital
Market Complex
Residences
D 103 -132
E 25 - 60
JUNCTION 1J
SIGN BOARD
1
JB
Residences
D 103 -132
E 25 - 60
Institutional Area
Bank / ATM / Post Office
Hostels
Sports Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
D 001 -D102
E 001 -E 024
Guest House
Hospital
Community Hall (Staff)
Exit (Main Gate)
SIGN BOARD
1
JA
Institutional Area
Hostels
Sports Complex
Community Hall(Student)
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Residences
Guest House
Hospital
Market Complex
Residences
D 103 -132
E 25 - 60
Exit (Main Gate)
D 001 -D102
E 001 -E 024
Hospital
Market Complex
Residences
D 103 -132
E 25 - 60
1
JA
1
JB
1
JC
Depiction of the arrows
Front face of board
Back face of board
Intersection junction -Y type
Buildings in proximity:
Entrance gate 1,Shopping
complex, Housing Area
[D1, D2, E1, E2], BusStop1
Junction 1J is the first one after entering into the IITG campus
and it shall provide all the building names and directions
pertaining to it. It should also convey the message that the rest
of the signboards at the junctions are placed in the same fash-
ion as seen here, this is an attempt to create a standard for the
layout and the placement of the signboards at the junctions as
explained earlier in this part of the chapter.
As we move further in this part, discussion would be done for
the betterment of the modular or standardised system. The
effort will be focused towards the efficiency and the cost effec-
tiveness of the installations at the junctions. Thus in this part of
the chapter the agenda would be to find the best place for the
installations of the signboards. As we can see there are three
signboards installed with their both face giving the clues to the
visitors in the campus.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
2
JC
JUNCTION 2J
SIGN BOARD
2
JB SIGN BOARD
2
JA
Entrance Gate
Market Complex
Residences
Sports Complex
Hostels
Residence(F Type)
Guest House
Hospital
Sports Complex
Hostels
Residence(F Type)
Guest House
Hospital
Post Office/ Reservation
KV IITG
Auditorium
Administration(Bank)
Library
Computer Centre
Lecture Theatre
Academic Complex
Academic Complex
Workshop
Exit (Main Gate)
Residences A, B, C, D, E
Market Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Sports Complex
Hostels
Residence(F Type)
Guest House
Hospital
KV IITG
Administration (Bank/ATM)
Auditorium
Sports Complex
Hostels
Residence(F Type)
Guest House
Hospital
KV IITG
Academic Complex
Workshop
Academic Complex
Workshop
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
2
JA
2
JB
2
JC
Intersection Junction -
Y Type
Auditorium, Administra-
tion, Lecture Hall, Library,
Computer Centre,
Bus Stop 2
Care should be taken in providing the directions for the
services and emergencies at all the junctions and the layout
designed must have some hierarchy of the information given
into it, like- distance, direction, alphabetical order, proximity
and emergency, etc.
At this junction 2J there is intersection of three major and
one minor road which leads to Administration and another
pedestrian pathway also meets this junction which connects
this junction to the Institutional Area. It is very important to
convey the message for those pedestrian who have to walk for
more 5 minutes if they follow the general signage system.
There is also a provision for parking in the front of the Admin-
istration Building, that information must also be conveyed at
the same time. Services like Banks and ATMs are in the Admin-
istration and this information should also be conveyed at the
same time.
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9.6
JUNCTION 3J
SIGN BOARD
3
JB SIGN BOARD
3
JA
Institutional Area
Sports Complex
Married Scholars Hostel
Hostel (Boys)
KV IITG
Institutional Area
Market Complex
Entrance Gate
Subhansiri(Girls Hostel)
Residence(F,A,B,C)
Guest House
Hospital
Exit (Main Gate)
Residences ( D, E )
Market Complex
Institutional Area
Sports Complex
Hostel (Boys)
Residence(F,A,B,C)
Guest House
Hospital
Institutional Area
Auditorium
Library
Computer Centre
Lecture Theatre
Academic Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Residences ( D, E )
Market Complex
Institutional Area
Auditorium
Library
Computer Centre
Lecture Theatre
Academic Complex
Residence(F,A,B,C)
Guest House
Hospital
3
JA
3
JB
T Type
Subhansiri, Sports com-
plex, Housing Area [ F],
Administration, Library,
Computer centre,
Bus Stop 5
Again at the junction 3J there is a pedestrian pathway which
leads to the Institutional Area, and once again the importance
for the pedestrians has come in the scene. It is also seen that,
this type of situation is not very common in the campus so a
general system of installations for the pedestrians can be
established before the pedestrian pathways.
Thus installing an identifiable signboard for the movement of
the pedestrians can solve the problem of connecting the
Institutional Area from the junction 3J.
By maintaining the modular kind of approach for the signage
system, there are actually repetitions involved in the informa-
tion or the data displayed. This repetition of the information
creates a kind of confusion for the visitors and if the information
can be well managed then the number of installations can also
be limited and ultimately the cost can be checked without com-
promising the navigational capabilities of the system.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
4
JB
JUNCTION 4J
SIGN BOARD
4
JA
Guest House
Institutional Area
Residences
Market Complex
Entrance Gate(Main)
Hostel(Boys)
Library
Computer Centre
Academic Complex
KV IITG / Reservation
Exit (Lathiabagicha Gate)
Sports Complex
Hostel (Boys)
Technology Complex
Hospital
Institutional Area
Guest House
Residences
Communitty Hall(Staff)
Market Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Guest House
Residences
Communitty Hall(Staff)
Market Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Hostel(Boys)
Technology Complex
Hospital
Hostel(Boys)
KV IITG
Reservation
Hostel (Boys)
Technology Complex
Hospital
4
JB
4
JA
T Type
Subhansiri, Sports com-
plex, Housing Area [ F],
Administration, Library,
Computer centre,
Bus Stop 5
After arriving at the junction 4J we are actually at the
entrance of the sports complex but it is important for the visitors
to recognise that the sports complex has been arrived so
special provisions for the identification of the building must be
formulated under the provision of personal identification of the
buildings and the services.
The directions for the Exits must also be provided at each
signboard and the layout must also contain the directions for
the emergency services like Hospital.
The other services like Kendriya Vidyalaya, Reservation
counter, Post Office, Banks, ATM cannot be neglected so the
display must also contain these types of general information for
getting the directions.
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9.6
JUNCTION 5J
5
JA
5
JB
SIGN BOARD
5
JB SIGN BOARD
5
JA
Workshop
Academic Complex
Library
Lecture Hall
Computer Centre
Guest House
Sports Complex
Hospital
Sports Complex
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Entrance Gate(Main)
Hostel
Hospital
Academic Complex
Workshop
Academic Complex
Library
Lecture Hall
Computer Centre
Administration
Sports Complex
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Entrance Gate(Main)
Hostel
Hospital
Academic Complex
Workshop
Sports Complex
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Entrance Gate(Main)
Hostel
Hospital
T Type
Academic Complex,
Lecture Hall,
Workshop, Bus Stop 3
Junction 5J is actually in the vicinity of the institutional area
and now there are two divisions to proceed. The Academic
complex is surrounded by the road from all sides and the area
covered by the academic complex is quite large and the
departments are located at the different areas so the layout of
the academic complex must be displayed at this junction to
provide the general information about the departments to
visitor or the users.
The directions given for the rest of the areas and for this area
would be a little different as this junction would also comprise
the layout plan of academic complex and where to go and park
according to the vicinity of the destination in the academic
complex.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
6
JC
JUNCTION 6J
SIGN BOARD
6
JB SIGN BOARD
6
JA
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Workshop
Library
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Academic Complex
Exit(Lathiabagicha Gate)
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Workshop
Academic Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Workshop
Library
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Workshop
Library
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Academic Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Workshop
Academic Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
6
JB
6
JC
6
JA
Y Type
Academic Complex,
Computer Centre, Library
complex.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
7
JB
JUNCTION 7J
SIGN BOARD
7
JA
Academic Complex
Workshop
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Academic Complex
Workshop
Academic Complex
Lecture Hall
Administration
Computer Centre
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
7
JB
7
JA
T Type
Academic Complex,
Computer Centre, Library
complex.
9.6
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SIGN BOARD
8
JA
Academic Complex
Administration (Bank/ATM)
Auditorium
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences
Hospital
Technology Complex
Market Complex
Community Halls
Academic Complex
Workshop
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post Office
Reservation Counter
Exit (Lathibagicha Gate)
Hospital
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post Office
Reservation Counter
Exit (Faculty Gate)
Academic Complex
Workshop
JUNCTION 8J
8
JA
T Type
Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Railway Reservation
Counter
Junction 8J is the first one after entering into the IITG
campus through the Lathibagicha Entrance gate and it shall
provide all the building names and directions pertaining to it. It
should also convey the message that the rest of the signboards
at the junctions are placed in the same fashion as seen here,
this is an attempt to create a standard for the layout and the
placement of the signboards at the junctions as explained
earlier in this part of the chapter.
Just after entering through the gate there will be only one
signboard displaying the directions for the buildings.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
9
JB
JUNCTION 9J
SIGN BOARD
9
JA
Sports Complex
Residential Area
Guest House
Hospital
Hostels
Institutional Area
Post Office
Reservation Counter
KV IITG
Institutional Area
Hostels
Kapili Manas
Umiam Barak
Dihing Kameng
Sports Complex
Residential Area
Guest House
Hospital
Married Scholars hostel-
Subhansiri (Girls Hostel)
Post Office
Reservation Counter
KV IITG
Hostels
Kapili Manas
Umiam Barak
Dihing Kameng
Post Office
Reservation Counter
KV IITG
Institutional Area
Hostels
Kapili Manas
Umiam Barak
Dihing Kameng
9
JA
9
JB
Y Type
Siang Hostel, Kapili
Hostel, Bus Stop 4
Junction 9J is the one which is near to the water body and as
discussed earlier that the water bodies actually contribute in as
the appreciating ground. Because of these water bodies we
can actually look beyond them and could see the buildings and
the features built. This can be utilised as in for the personal
identification of the buildings from a single point to the buildings
seen across the water bodies.
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9.6
JUNCTION 10J
10
JA
10
JB
SIGN BOARD
10
JB SIGN BOARD
10
JA
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Hostel(Boys)
Technology Complex
Community Hall(Students)
Post Office
Hospital
Guest House
Hospital
Guest House
Hostel(Boys)
Technology Complex
Community Hall(Students)
Post Ofice
Exit ( Faculty Gate )
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Residences
Market Complex
Hostel(Boys)
Technology Complex
Post Office
Exit ( Faculty Gate )
T Type
Swimming Pool, Married
Scholars Hostel, Sports
Complex, Community
Hall, Bus Stop 6
Junction 10J is in such
position that it is in middle of the sports complex and the swim-
ming pool. This information is quite critical because in general
the swimming pool is to be located in the site if sports complex,
but in this situation the pool is in different location and this infor-
mation is to be broken down so as it can facilitate the visitors
and the users to decode it without any confusion.
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9.6
JUNCTION 11J
11
JA
11
JB
SIGN BOARD
11
JB SIGN BOARD
11
JA
Sports Complex
Academic Complex
Administration
Hospital
Hostels (Boys)
Barak
Umiam
Manas
Dihing
Kapili
Post Office
Exit (Faculty Gate)
KV IITG
Sports Complex
Industrial Area
Banks / ATM
Hospital
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Technology Complex
Kameng
Sports Complex
Industrial Area
Banks / ATM
Hospital
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Technology Complex
Kameng
Hostels (Boys)
Barak
Umiam
Manas
Dihing
Kapili
Community
Hall(Student)
Post Office
Exit (Faculty Gate)
KV IITG
Technology Complex
Kameng
T Type
Swimming Pool, Hostel(
Kameng , Barak, Manas,
Dihing), Community Hall,
Bus Stop 6
Now that it is clear that the information produced must not
create visual clutter and repetitions as this leads to fatigue and
this creates ambiguity among the visitors and the users. The
placement of the directional arrows must also be done in such
manner that it does not create any problem and must not
mislead the visitors and the users.
This means that the modular approach which was guiding
the placement of the signboards is not to be followed. Instead
the placement will now depend upon the individual junctions
and the roads meeting the junctions. The consideration will be
depending upon the micro level condition of the junction and
the buildings in the vicinity of that junction.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
12
JA
Hostels
Sports Complex
Hospital
Guest House
Technology Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Residences
Market Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Academic Complex
Post Office
Exit (Faculty Gate)
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Academic Complex
JUNCTION 12J
12
JA
Y Type
Entrance Gate 4, Post
Office
campus through the Faculty Entrance gate and it shall provide
all the building names and directions pertaining to it. It should
also convey the message that the rest of the signboards at the
junctions are placed in the same fashion as seen here, this is
an attempt to create a standard for the layout and the place-
ment of the signboards at the junctions as explained earlier in
this part of the chapter.
Just after entering through the gate there will be only one
signboard displaying the directions for the buildings.
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9.6
JUNCTION 13J
13
JA
SIGN BOARD
13
JA
Technology Complex
Hostels
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Post Office
Exit (Faculty Gate)
Technology Complex
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Aakshara
Hospital
Guest House
Residences
L Type
Transit Complex, Bus
Stop 7
This is a very unique condition as there are no diversions in
this junction 13J , still there is signboard provided here. This
has been done for the purpose of assisting the visitors and the
users in finding their directions and providing them extra confi-
dence. The other reason for providing the signboard here is
that when the users or the visitors come out from the Technol-
ogy complex, they would not have to panic for the directions,
so its present there for the service.
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9.6
JUNCTION 14J
14
JA
14
JB
SIGN BOARD
14
JB SIGN BOARD
14
JA
Technology Complex
Hostels
Post Office
Aakshara
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Residences
Market Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Residences
Market Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Technology Complex
Hostels
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Technology Complex
Hostels
Hospital
Guest House
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Residences
Market Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
T Type
Entrance Gate 2 (ASEB),
Akshara, Hospital,
campus through the ASEB Entrance Gate and it shall provide
all the building names and directions, pertaining to it. It should
also convey the message that the rest of the signboards at the
junctions are placed in the same fashion as seen here, this is
an attempt to create a standard for the layout and the place-
ment of the signboards at the junctions.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
15
JB
JUNCTION 15J
SIGN BOARD
15
JA
Hospital
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Aakshara
Technology Complex
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Aakshara
Technology Complex
Hostels
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Post Office
Hostels
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Post Office
Hospital
Guest House
Residences
Market Complex
Exit (ASEB Gate)
Aakshara
Technology Complex
Hostels
Sports Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Post Office
15
JA
15
JB
T Type
Married Scholars Hostel,
Hospital, Bus Stop 8
After arriving at the junction 15J we are actually near to the
entrance of the Married Scholars Hostel but it is important for
the visitors to recognise that the Married Scholars Hostel has
been arrived so special provisions for the identification of the
building must be formulated under the provision of personal
identification of the buildings and the services.
The directions for the Exits must also be provided here as
this leads to the hospital and people may go to the exits of their
desired destinations, so all exits must be listed at the junction.
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9.6
SIGN BOARD
16
JC
JUNCTION 16J
SIGN BOARD
16
JB SIGN BOARD
16
JA
Residences (D, E, F)
Institutional Area
Sports Complex
Exit( Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences(A, B, C)
Hospital
Hostels
Technology Complex
Community Hall (Student)
Post Office
Exit(ASEB & Faculty Gate)
Residences(A, B, C)
Hospital
Hostel
Technology Complex
Post Office
Institutional Area
Sports Complex
Exit( Main Gate)
Market Complex
Institutional Area
Sports Complex
Exit( Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences(A, B, C)
Residences(A, B, C)
Hospital
Hostels
Technology Complex
Post Office
Hospital
Hostels
Technology Complex
Post Office
Residences(A, B, C)
16
JA
16
JB
16
JC
Y Type
Housing Area [ A, B, F ],
Hospital, Guest House,
Bus Stop 8 & 10
Junction 16J is the one which is near to the water body and
as discussed earlier that the water bodies actually contribute in
as the appreciating ground. Because of these water bodies we
The directions for the Exits must also be provided here as
this leads to the hospital and people may go to the exits of their
desired destinations, so all exits must be listed at the junction.
9.6
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SIGN BOARD
17
JB
JUNCTION 17J
SIGN BOARD
17
JA
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences D & E
Residences (C, B, A)
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences D & E
Guest House
Hospital
Technology Complex
Residence F
Sports Complex
Hostels
Institutional Area
Post Office
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Residences (C, B, A)
Guest House
Hospital
Technology Complex
Residence F
Sports Complex
Hostels
Institutional Area
Post Office
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Residences D & E
Guest House
Hospital
Technology Complex
Residence F
Sports Complex
Hostels
Institutional Area
Post Office
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
17
JA
17
JB
T Type
Housing Area [ A, B, C, D,
F ], Hospital, Guest
House, Bus Stop 11 & 12
The most difficult part for me to interpret was the housing
area of the campus as because it was very complex due to its
numbering system and placement in the campus. The com-
plexity can be achieved by providing an extra area map at the
same time or in the area of the group of the buildings.
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102
9.6
SIGN BOARD
18
JC
JUNCTION 18J
SIGN BOARD
18
JB SIGN BOARD
18
JA
Residences (C, D, E)
Market Complex
Exit (Main Gate)
Residences (A, B)
Hospital
Technology Complex
Aakshara
Exit (ASEB)
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences (F)
Post Office
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Hospital
Technology Complex
Aakshara
Exit (ASEB)
Residences
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences (F)
Post Office
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Residences (A, B)
Hospital
Technology Complex
Aakshara
Exit (ASEB)
Residences
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
Hospital
Technology Complex
Aakshara
Exit (ASEB)
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences (F)
Post Office
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Institutional Area
Banks / ATM
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences (F)
Post Office
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Residences
Exit (Main Gate)
Market Complex
18
JA
18
JC
18
JB
Y Type
Housing Area [ F ], Guest
House, Subhansiri, Bus
Stop 9
The most difficult part for me to interpret was the housing
area of the campus as because it was very complex due to its
numbering system and placement in the campus. The com-
plexity can be achieved by providing an extra area map at the
same time or in the area of the group of the buildings.
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103
9.6
Figure 9.7.12 The illustration of the concept for the identification of the buildings across the lake
So, some ideas about the placement of the signboards are clear
and a brief can be made from it,
- the signboards must create a point of interest.
- must not mislead or create confusion at any point .
- give a complete idea of the buildings and the features built .
- the layout created must be visually balanced and clear.
There were lots of ideas to be implemented for the representation
of the distance of the buildings, but this would not help the visitors
or the users as the campus is just an institutional one and there is
no provision for the public transport within the campus, so its
pointless to give the distance along the buildings
A new system for the personal identification for the building has
been formulated and conceptualised.
SIANG KAPILI
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104
PLACEMENT of MAPS
9.7
MAP
MAP
Map of the campus (M)11
Map of the precinct area (R)10
Maps of the building complex in detail (B)7
There should be various types of maps placed in the campus
as per the requirement. The placement has also been decided
on the basis of interview with the visitors.
The (M)s are placed at the entrance of the campus and the
parking areas and near to the areas where the visitors
generally go, for example Hospital, Guest House, Technology
Complex, Institutional Area.
The (R)s are placed at the area where the question arises,
Which building to enter ? Thus these are restricted to
housing areas as all buildings look same and it is very difficult
for a visitor to decode the address and find the flat.
The (B)s are placed where the people would like to know
whether where the destination is located or in which part of the
building the destination is located? It provides detailed
building plan with the layout. The placements of the B maps
are located at Academic Complex, Administration Building,
Hospital and Guest House.
P
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Towards
5
<< Towards Amingaon

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PLACEMENT of MAPS
9.7
Figure 9.8.2 Questions involved after reaching the precinct area
Whether the location has been
reached or not?
Which is the correct
building to enter in?
Where is the entrance
of the building?
Which foor or
room to go ?
There are different ways of representing the maps and one which
should be installed must be very clear in giving the information to
the users and the visitors. The map for the precinct areas must be
such that it should convey the information as soon as the users or
the visitors come to that area.
-The first question which should be answered is whether what I
am looking for has been arrived or not ?
-The next question is in which building to enter?
-Which floor and which room to go ?
All these questions involved here must be answered by the map
provided at that place for that particular area. The next question
arises is what should be the contents of the map for the precinct
areas and how it should be represented? The representation for
this area must very simple and clear to interpret, from the users
and the visitors point of view.
The decision for the contents and the representation of the map
depends on the area of that place and the type of the buildings in
that area, example: Institutional area or Housing area or Hostel
area.
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PLACEMENT of MAPS
9.7
Figure 9.8.3 Steps involved in reaching the destination
The contents in the map must comprise of the detailed note of
the building and the rooms or the services associated with that
building in the precinct area.
The representation of the map must either be a 2d map or 3d map
of the precinct area for the users to give an overall view or idea of
the area. But the question arises whether which type of
representation would be more effective for the users to interpret.
The 2d representation can be either in plan or in elevation and
which one would be better for the situation or the representation
could be both the mixture of the 2d and 3d map giving the layout.
The figure here represents an illustration of the area where the
layout of the road is shown in the plan and the buildings in the
elevation so that the floor and rooms can be located, but in this
case the limitation is that the number of the rooms must not be
more than two per floor otherwise it would not be able to serve the
purpose. In the other cases where there are more rooms and
services in a floor, different type of representation would be
required for the layout.
In the representation it is also quite important to indicate the
entrance of the buildings as generally people know there location
but cant find the way to the entrance.
MAP
MAP
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PLACEMENT of MAPS
9.7
Figure 9.8.4 Illustration of the map for the administration building floor wise
The representation of the buildings which have a complex
shape and many rooms and services in a single floor cannot be
represented in elevation so it would be better to represent those
buildings in plan for the users to decode immediately and
effectively.
In the case of the buildings the representation could not be
done in 3d because analysing a 3d map of a complex structure
would take more time in comparison to the 2d map of the built
structure.
In the illustration shown beside it is quite clear about the
location of the rooms and the services and in which area to go ie.
which side of the building.
The placement of the maps are to be fixed at the entrance of
the building so that the users could get a brief about the layout of
the building.
Academic Affairs
JEE/ GATE Office
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PLACEMENT of Information Desk
9.8
Figure 9.8.5 The illustration of the placement of the information desks
The information desk is the interactive part of the wayfinding
system which gives the information to the users and the visitors.
The series of interactive information desks actually forms a
solution as a key component for the wayfinding in the IITG campus
by providing the information. The placement of these desks is
fixed at the entrances and the buildings which are used quite often
by the visitors.
People generally find their way to their destinations. When they
come in the campus and their mission is achieved or they plan for
the next mission then the problem starts because they do not have
any clue where to go because a wrong start would make their
journey tiresome or lengthy, so these desks are to assist them to
plan their action for their journey to be continued.
The locations of these information desks are generally at the
entrance of the buildings to assist the users and the visitors of the
campus. These information desks are capable of guiding the
visitors to find their location and plan their journey from any place
within the campus.
The contents of the information desk are derived from different
methods of interaction design.(discussed in later chapter)
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FORM
9.9
According to me form is what makes the design. Form can be
seen in colour, in culture, in identity, in usability & at last visually. It
is the overall composition which makes sense because if we
rearrange the features of the composition it would mean
something different and could be out of context. Just for example
take the word DOG, if we rearrange in backwards it would spell
GOD which conveys a different meaning.
So in design we give shape and structure to the material to fit in
the situation and satisfy the contextual requirement. The form of a
product usually reveals the intellectual, practical and emotional
characteristics and the relationship between them. Form follows
function used to be the key behind designing, but now a days we
have to focus on different aspects also like emotions, fun, and
experience. A form has got power in itself to change the way we
think and behave.
Coming to the situation of wayfinding in IITG campus, form of the
conceptualised solution can be categorised in different areas. This
chapter deals with, how the form is related to the brand, symbolic
meaning and the usage of the product.
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SEMANTIC Approach
9.9.1
Figure 9.9.1 The figure here shows the evolution of an emoticon.
There can be various other possibilities and this
evolution of the form is based on the set of five
questions
The focus is on analysing the components of the problem,
semiotically and syntactically, by forming a framework & analysis
matrix through content and signs, giving the priority to the signs in
terms of their semantic weightage. For this, different adjectives for
the wayfinding system must be derived. The product used in any
environment must express its purpose and should have a relation
with the environment in the sense of form.
This can start with a set of questions :
-What should the form look like?
-How the product should be identified?
-Should the product have any brand?
-Does the product have any kind of expression?
-Are there things available in nature from which we can derive
for the representation of the character?
Denotation and Connotation are two basic concepts in semiotics
that are very useful. Denotation refers to the literal, actual
meaning of a sign -what the product is, i.e. a chair, a telephone. To
Denotation I also add the obvious function of an object: How to
handle it. We sit on the chair, use the telephone for making phone
calls etc. recognizing what it is and how to handle it can be very
difficult. This is also the domain where most product semiotics
dwells, unambiguous and easy to use, clearly communicating their
function. Preferably without any manual to use.
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SEMANTIC Approach
9.9.1
Figure 9.9.2 qualities and adjectives to be shown in the product
helpful in nature
confdent
bold
unique
welcoming in nature
outstanding
serious
smiling and charming
attractive
technology
intellectual
simple or complex
soft or hard
small or large
sharp or smooth
communicable
multilinguistic
easy
serious or funny
dark or light
directing
Now the questions should be answered accordingly, to reach to
the solution. For getting to the solution there are various options
which can be tried individually and in a combination. The goal is to
get the form and for that, having a brief idea of the qualities or
characteristics is explored. Thus a list of adjectives or qualities are
to be noted which can be implemented in the product to bring out
the basic meaning out of the form.
After the listings of the adjective are done, it is important to
establish a relationship between these qualities or the properties
of the product. There are some of the qualities which can change
the whole aspect of the appearance if misinterpreted so it is
necessary to establish the relationship with the help of the
semiotics.
The basic concept of semiotics can be explored here in the
hierarchy of the meanings SYMBOL > INDEX > ICON > SIGN
Generally this is done in reversible process to analyse things but
here the proces is done in opposite direction just to understand the
situation in more simple and organised manner. Now when the
codes will be elaborated and interpreted, many meanings would
either get shortlisted or be compiled under one sign.
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SEMANTIC Approach
9.9.1
Figure 9.9.3
How the product should be
identified?
What should the form look like?
Confdent, Unique, Serious, Bold,
Attractive, Outstanding, Simple,
Intellectual
Helpful in nature, Mulilinguistic,
Communicable, Welcoming in
nature,
Should the product have
any brand?
Does the product have any kind
of expression?
Easy going, Directing, Confdent,
Serious, Simple, Smiling
Yes / No
Talking about the brand we need to be clear about what we
want to explore in this area, because it is really a vast area and
people from different domain handles this differently. Being a
design student I would like to be focused in exploring the different
possibilities to represent the brand in the form of the product. One
thing is very clear that brand does not have expiration dates like
trademark or IPR, it remains in the mind and heart of the people
who have used or heard about it.
When we talk about imitating nature it means how do we
interact with nature to get the directions or messages, so the first
thing which comes to me is the sun, by the position of which we
get the idea of directions and the next thing is sky which gives the
clue about the weather and a brief outline of the whole day.
Its not just the sky from which inspirations can be taken from but
there are lot more things from which we get information or they
convey their messages. For example a butterfly, a dancing pea-
cock and petals of the flowers, these all have messages to convey
to others. If we start finding the pattern we can get many hidden
clues in the nature itself, but it is very difficult to break it because
nature follows the pattern of randomness.
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SEMANTIC Approach
9.9.1
Figure 9.9.5
Syntactics/Syntax
visual formal modes
Pragmatics intention
(influencing the receiver)
FORM
dimension
dot, line,flat surface,
body, space
quality
round, angular, regular,
irregular, free
quantity
large, small
demarcation
empty, fully or partially
filled, open form, closed
form,clear contours, blurred
contours
realization
structured, sketchy, firm,
fuzzy, fragmented, free
BRIGHTNESS
COLOUR
MOVEMENT
MATERIAL
imperative
will, duty
suggestive
feelings
indicative
information, knowledge
all depends upon the:
degree of abstraction
&
degree of iconity
Figure 9.9.4
Are there things available in nature from which we can derive
for the representation of the character?
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studying the BRAND
9.9.2
Figure 9.9.6
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Motto: "Knowledge is Power"
Type: Education and Research Institute
Red (Power), Blue (Peace), Yellow (Perseverance)
Here we do not have to create a brand but rather maintain it. We
have to capture the essence and that could be any odd or unique
feature, ranging from the place of origin or lineage or quality or
value or colour or form or ........anything....but necessarily be a
fact.
Attribute : Education and Research Institute, after getting
through JEE and GATE
Benefit : Respectful, Valued, Position, Intellectual
Culture : Pride of India, Success, Growth
Personality : Leadership, Entrepreneurship
Profile : High profile job, Honoured in society
Meta Meaning: NGOs, Companies, Enterprises
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studying the BRAND
9.9.2
Figure 9.9.7
Deriving the components or features to represent the brand can
be done through the study of the culture and behaviour and
architectural forms and natural conditions and location and service
and people associated with the institute. Students strive to get
admission into IIT, they come here with high aspiration and a
dream to fulfill. People here are quite knowledgeable yet very
noble and humble, the facilities and services provided here are of
international standards, not to mention the architecture of the
campus and the scenic beauty surrounding it.
Thus it is quite difficult to enlist these in words and it would be
easier to represent it in the form of images and then abstraction
can be done through that. The features which are the most
common in the architectural style can be explored or the abstract
of the water lakes in the campus can be exploited. There can be
any possibility of abstraction and in any style.
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Extraction of ABSTRACT
9.9.3
Figure 9.9.7 Extraction of the elements
Abstract art uses a visual language of form, color and line to
create a composition which may exist with a degree of
independence from visual references in the world. Abstraction
indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art.
This departure from accurate representation can be only slight, or
it can be partial, or it can be complete. Abstraction exists along a
continuum. Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest
degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since
perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork
which takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways
that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract. Total
abstraction bears no trace of any reference to anything
recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is
unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and
total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and
representational (or realistic) art often contains partial
abstraction.(source: wikipedia.org)
When we talk about the abstract it generally means anything
which give essence or reference. So abstract can be captured not
only through the visuals but anything. An attempt has been made
here to capture the abstract of the built architecture and the logo of
IITG.In nature there is randomness but we think in pattern so the
abstract extracted is actually is not random, instead there is some
pattern.
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
Figure 9.9.8 Form Exploration 1 Figure 9.9.9 Form Exploration 2
Academic
Administration
Sports complex
Hostels
Guest House
Hospital
ADMINISTRATION
Bank/ ATM, Canteen
ADMINISTRATION
Bank/ ATM, Canteen
ADMINISTRATION
Bank/ ATM, Canteen
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
Figure 9.9.10 Form Exploration 3 Figure 9.9.11 Form Exploration 4
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
Figure 9.9.12 Form Exploration 5
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
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123
FORM exploration
9.9.4
all dimensions are in mm Front Elevation Side Elevation Isometric View
space for
map
Directional
signs
Interactive
screen
Hostels
Sports Complex
Hospital
Guest House
Technology Complex
Institutional Area
(Bank/ATM)
Residences
Market Complex
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Reservation Counter
Academic Complex
60
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
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FORM exploration
9.9.4
SYSTEM Approach
9.10
The aim of this approach is to design a GRAPHICAL USER
INTERFACE for the IITG campus which is to be installed in the
Information desk. The aim for this is to make the interaction of the
interface user friendly and less time consuming, for giving the
guidance to the visitors.
The basic concept is to guide the visitor to the destination, and
that destinations guiding factor need not be any place, rather it
can be any person or any event or occasion.Now to solve this
problem we need to follow the system analysis approach which
would guide through. For this we need to generate object, class,
Use case diagrams and combine them in different arrangements.
-Listing of the problems
-Grouping up the problem areas
-Persona and Scenario generation
-Defining the use cases
-Use Case Diagrams
-Defining the Class
-Defining the Components
-Creating Sequence Diagrams
-Wireframe Diagrams
-Graphic User Interface
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127
SYSTEM Analysis & Design
9.10
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Figure 9.10.1
Now the time of the decision comes, where we need to decide
whether which type of approach is to be followed: Traditional
approach or Object Oriented approach. As per the situation it is
better to employ the Object Oriented approach of the UML (Unified
Modeling Language). For this approach to be initiated we require
to collect other various information and data, such as Events,
Class Diagram, Use Cases and Scenario Description, Use Cases
Diagram, Sequence Diagrams and Wireframe Model.
The analysis starts with the listing of the difficulties and the
problems. Generally in wayfinding, people find it difficult to
respond to the new environment and the other problem is
language, as in IIT people come here from different countries.
Then the Purpose will be defined and then grouped into different
categories.
Admission
Guest
Work
Emergency
Hospital
Alcheringa
Manthan
Techniche
Seminars
Counseling
Departments
Library
Computer Centre
Auditorium
Lecture Hall
Workshop
Hostels
Residences
Tech. Complex
Hill Top
Shopping Complex
PURPOSE of VISIT
Lectures
Training
Project
Paper Presentation
Placement
Shows
Gathering
ATM
Bank
Administration
Director
HOD
Professors
Students
Relatives
Supporting Stafs
Courier
Emergency Services
Ambulance
Fire Brigade
Personal
Post Ofce
Reservation Counter
School
Sports Competition
Examination
Interview
Alumni
Servicing
Delivery
Events
Occasions
Festivals
Programmes
Spic Macay
Extra Class
Internship
Research
Exhibitions
Site Seeing
Study
Servicing
Attend an EVENT
GROUPING of the PURPOSE
Visit a PLACE Meet a PERSON
Admission, Festivals,
Interview, Occasions,
Examinations,Shows,
Presentations, Work,
Others............
Buildings, Services,
Complexes,
Departments,
Residences,
Others............
Professors,
Students, Relatives
and Others.......
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128
9.10
Figure 9.10.2 OBJECT DIAGRAM for Person
1
CLASS
Name Mr. ABC Sex (M/F) or Photograph
Designation Lecturer, Assistant, Associate, Professor...
Department Chemical, Civil, Mechanical,...........
Phone number 0361- xxxxxxx(O), 0361- xxxxxxx(R),
Address Ofce , Residence
Faculty
OBJECT DIAGRAM Whom to meet?
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CLASS
Name Mr. DEF Sex (M/F) or Photograph
Designation Project, Supporting, Others
Section Ofce, Department, Section
Phone number 0361- xxxxxxx(O), 0361- xxxxxxx(R),
Address Ofce , Residence
Non Teaching
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CLASS
Name Mr. PQR Sex (M/F) or Photograph
Designation Director, DEAN(Academic, Admin, Students), Others
Section Accounts,Academics,Placements, Others
Phone number 0361- xxxxxxx(O),
Address Ofce ,
Administrative
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CLASS
Name Mr. XYZ Sex (M/F) or Photograph
Unique ID Roll no.
Qualifcation B.Tech, Mtech, Phd, Msc,.......
Year 1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th year
Department Chemical, Civil, Mechanical,...........
Phone number 0361- xxxxxxx
Student
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129
9.10
Figure 9.10.3 OBJECT DIAGRAM for places and events
CLASS
Academic Complex
Administartion
Lecture Hall
Workshop
Library
Computer Centre
Auditorium
Institutional Area
OBJECT DIAGRAM Where to go?
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CLASS
Quarters : Type A, B, C, D, E ,F
Hostels : Subhansiri, Siang,
Kapili, Dihing,
Manas, Kameng,
Barak, Umiam
Guest House
Residential Area
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CLASS
Ambulance : Hospital
Emergency : Security Ofce
Emergency
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CLASS
Market Complex, Hospital,
Restaurant, Canteen, ATM,
Bank, Post Ofce, Sports
Complex, Reservation Coun-
ter, Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Community Hall, Technology
Complex, Swimming Pool,
Auditorium,
Services
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CLASS
Internship,
Lectures,
Research,
Papers,
Presentations
Education
OBJECT DIAGRAM What would you like to do?
V
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CLASS
Counseling,
Examination,
Interview
Admission
CLASS
Ofcial,
Placement,
Convocation
Others
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s
CLASS
Spic Macay,
Exhibitions,
Shows,
Alcheringa, Manthan,
Techniche
Sports
Entertainment
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USE CASE Diagrams
9.10.1
Figure 9.10.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM: The relation between the actor and the operations.
Visitor
Database
Specify the language
Select the category
Select the destination
building
View the route to reach
the destination
View the alternate
routes
Repeat the information
Exit(Optional)
Select the category
Enter the Name,Department,
Centre,Office,Section,
Designation whatever known
View the details of the
person with Photograph
View the alternate/
residence routes
Exit(Optional)
Selet the Person
and view the routes
to reach him
Select the category
Enter the activities Event wise
ie.Fests,Conference,Interview,
Admission,Placements
Select the subcategories
View the routes
to reach the venue
Exit(Optional)
View the latest details
about the Event ie.
Venue ,time,etc,.
Visitor
Database
Visitor Database
Where to go? Whom to meet? Event to attend.
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SEQUENCE Diagram
9.10.2
Figure 9.10.5 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM : sequence of interactions between the user and system
Welcome
Screen
Purpose
selection
screen
Input Entry
Screen/Destinat-
-ion selections
Route display
screen
Select the Language
Display of Purpose selection screen in language chosen
Select category
get the route
get screen in the language
chosen
Name/Department/
Designation
Building/centre
section/
Department
Repeat
Activities/Events
Display Entities of the selected category
Enter the required input and/or select the destination
Display of the routes for the selected destination
get the Entities of selected category
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Persona and Scenario
9.10.3
Mr. Dev Kalita is 33 year old Assamese Business man from
Shillong who has many of friends and relatives living in Guwahati.
A few days back when he was returning from a marriage ceremony
from Rangiya to Shillong with his family, his wife reminded him of
her maternal uncle who was a faculty at IIT Guwahati.
Her uncle had urged them many times to visit his place. So
they decided to meet them while passing the nearby highway.
Unfortunately they did not have his contact number .In fact they
also did not know his official name but his nick name.
They could only recall his title and his physical appearance &
place he belonged to. They tried to explain it to the security and
some of the resident faculties which they come across near the
gate. But they were unable to get any positive reply and hence
failed to find out the right person. So due insufficient knowledge
and lack of a proper system to process their information, they were
unable to meet their uncle and had to return from the IIT Gate.
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Persona and Scenario
9.10.3
Arjit is a 18 year old engineering student who has come to IIT
Guwahati for representing his college at the robotic competition in
Tech fest. He got down at the Hostel which was informed during
the registration confirmation.
After checking in at the hostel, he wanted to know about the
exact time of event and the venue of the event that was scheduled
the same day. But since the hostel was very far from the main hub
where all events were going on and he did not have any idea about
the exact venue and the time of the event, he has to carry all his
equipments along with him. He just wanted to make sure that he
does not miss the event if in case it was about to begin. When he
reached the hub he came to know that the event was after 2 hours
.So he has to roam around the place along with his equipment wait
for two hours before the event began.
Mr. Das, a 40 year old proprietor had come all the way from
Jalpaiguri to meet the Dean of Students Affairs in connection to
the company promotion at the Cultural fest of IIT Guwahati. When
he asked the guard about the office he was given so many details
about his office that it made him totally confused and he has to ask
at least four people before he reached the dean of Students
affairs.
Had he being given only the required information at required time,
he would have reached the office quickly.
Wire frame Diagram
9.10.4
1 2 3 4
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Graphic User Interface
9.10.5
Detai l ed i l l ustrati on of GUI cont......
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9.10.5
The GUI for the touch screen interface of the Information
desk has been freezed after trying out various options in terms
of the layout, composition and colours. The GUI has been
designed according to the principles of the interaction design.
Ref [20]
Here are the illustrations for the various options tried out for
the GUI. The options are actually the explorations done in the
various areas and a proper grid is also maintained. Since the
platform of the interface would be working in the touch screen,
the least and the most area for contact required for the interface
has also been a factor for defineing the sizes of the icons and
buttons.
Welcome to IIT Guwahati
You are at the Faculty Gate.
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
IITG Celebrating 63rd Independence day.
More Info
Most awaited annual techno-management fest.
More Info
Find the way to your destination.
Language
Selection
Date & Time
How does it work?
Your Position
Institutes
Logo
Welcoming note
New events
Information
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9.10.5
Fig. 9.10.6 Exploration of GUI
WeIcome eIco
to to
IIT Guwahati
tt
II
WeIcome eIco
to to
IIT Guwahati
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II
WeIcome eIco
to to
IIT Guwahati
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II
WeIcome eIco
to to
IIT Guwahati
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ENGLISH
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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAoooooooo AAAAAAAAAAAoooo Aoooooohhhh oooooooooooohhhhh ohhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhiiiiiiii iiiii iiiiiii iiiiii iiiiiiii iiii
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ENGLISH
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Welcome
to
IIT Guwahati August 13, 2009
ENGLISH
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Welcome
to
IIT Guwahati Aug
E
AAAA
Celebrating 63rd Independence day
at the Administration Ground. More Info
Most awaited eleventh edition of Techniche,
annual techno-management fest. More Info
echniche,
More Info
i
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9.10.5
Fig. 9.10.7 Exploration of GUI
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
IITG Celebrating 63rd Independence day.
More Info
Most awaited annual techno-management fest.
More Info
ENGLISH
AAoohhii
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
to
IIT Guwahati
ENGLISH
AAoohhii
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
4: 30 pm
August 13, 2009 2009
i
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FINAL GUI
9.10.5
Fig. 9.10.8 FinalGUI
First screen specifying the general informations
- welcoming note
- IITG logo
- i the working of the system
- IIT map to semanticaly convey that the system
provided here is for the help of wayfinding
- You are Here position
- news events
- language selection keys (buttons)
Second part of first screen also conveys the same
message as displayed in the first screen.
The second screen appears after the language
selection as the scope of the information desk is to
provide information in three languages.
In this screen the user gets a idea about his position in
the campus and after touching the enter buttton on the
screen it will lead to next page.
1a 1b
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FINAL GUI
9.10.5
The second page is actually where the users are
given an opportunity to explore through the question
asked to them according to their purpose of visit.
This screen leads to the next page according to the
button touched or the question answered.
2 3a 3b 3c
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FINAL GUI
9.10.5
This third screen in the sequence appears when the
user has selected from the options provided in the
previous page. In this screeen the user needs to
provide the data asked by the system to process, be it
event, person or place.
3a 3b 3c
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FINAL GUI
9.10.5
After geting the data from the user the Information is
displayed accordingly. Here the system gives the
option for showing the route to the user.
4a 4b 4c
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FINAL GUI
9.10.5
Fig. 9.10.8 Final GUI
The last page or the final page where the route is
displayed with some general information about the
destination. Clues like landmarks are also provided to
help the users.
5a 5b 5c
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SUSTAINABILITY
9.11
Figure 9.11.1
SOCIAL
Equitable Bearable
Sustainable
Sustainable DEVELOPMENT
Visible
ENVIRONMENT ECONOMIC
There is an urgency attached to sustainability. All of the worlds
living systems are in rapid decline while the population continues
to grow at a steady slope. Some people feel as though designers
should not be held responsible for solving these issues, but if
designers arent going to play a part, then who is?
Sustainability represents nothing less than a fundamental shift
in how business is conducted; we as designers need to recognize
our potential role in this shift and seize the opportunity it presents,
after all good design comes from constraints. Rather than looking
at sustainability as a set of restrictions or as an impediment to
good ideas, designers must embrace it as a source of inspiration
and a challenge to be met. We need to take a proactive approach
with the environment, development of power generation, building
efficiency and engineering a sustainable approach to progress.
In this chapter, materials will be discussed for effective use in
sustainability. What are the chances of exploiting the resources of
the energy and manufacturing techniques to attain sustainability in
local context?
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Material, Process and Energy
9.11.1
Figure 9.11.2
Figure 9.11.3
Steel, cement, glass, aluminum, plastics, bricks, etc. are energy
intensive materials, commonly used for building construction.
Generally these materials are transported over great distances.
Extensive use of these materials can drain the energy resources
and adversely affect the environment. On the other hand, it is
difficult to meet the ever-growing demand for buildings by adopting
only energy-efficient traditional materials (like mud, thatch, timber,
etc.) and construction methods. Hence, there is a need for
optimum utilization of available energy resources and raw
materials to produce simple, energy efficient, environment friendly
and sustainable building alternatives and techniques to satisfy the
increasing demand for buildings. Some of the guiding principles in
developing the sustainable alternative building technologies can
be summarized as follows:
-Energy conservation;
-Minimize the use of high energy materials;
-Concern for environment, environment-friendly technologies;
-Minimize transportation and maximize the use of local materials;
-Decentralized production and maximum use of local skills;
-Utilization of industrial wastes for the production of materials;
-Recycling of building wastes;
-Use of renewable energy sources;
ECO-FRIENDLY
MATERIAL TECHNIQUE ENERGY
BAMBOO RAT TRAP BOND SOLAR
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Material, Process and Energy
9.11.1
Figure 9.11.4 Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product
Building technologies manufactured by meeting these principles
could become sustainable and facilitate sharing the resources
especially energy resources more efficiently, causing minimum
damage to the environment.
Clear understanding of the sector-wise demand and growth of
the Indian construction scenario.
Estimating current building stock and the contribution of
unorganised sector in manufacturing and supply of energy
intensive building materials.
Assessing the availability (region wise) of local resources, raw
materials/traditional materials for developing and manufacture of
building products.
Developing alternative building technologies to meet the region
specific needs/demands for buildings.
Aluminium
Copper - Cable
Plastics - Polystyrene
Glass -Clear Float
Paint
Steel - Reinforcement
Ceramics - Porcelain
Timber - Particleboard
Timber - Oregon
Clay Products - Bricks
Timber - Hardwood
Plaster - Gypsum
Fibreglass - Insulation
Concrete - 20MPa
150 200 100 50 0
Embodied Energy ( GJt
-1
)
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CONCEPT Generation
9.12
Now that idea of signage system is clear, an attempt to
generate the form of the design can be explored. The exploration
would be on the basis of implementation of different ideas and
thoughts. So the first concept generated during the pre-study
phase when the project was just conceived was quite interesting.
In this chapter the discussion would be mainly focused on how the
concept was generated and with some diagrams to explain the
concept. Since the first concept generated was during the pre
study phase so lot of things about the signage system was not
clear. There has been a constant reforming of the ideas and
thoughts during this phase.
The concepts generated would then be analysed and evaluated
and the selected concept would go for the realization.
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CONCEPT 1 : Technology Driven
9.12.1
Figure 9.12.1
The idea behind the first concept was to develop a system of
navigation and communication in IIT Guwahati by exploiting the
technologies such as radio frequency and blue tooth. The focus
would be to solve all the problems related to the management &
security system in the campus from a strategic location.
In this system the users are the residents and visitors of the
campus, and each one gets an identity which act like a tag (either
RFID or Bluetooth enabled chip). The residents in the campus will
be having an active ID card while the people visiting the campus
will be given a token. The token becomes the identity of the visitor
in the campus and thus the visitor would be interacting with the
system through that token.
There would be receivers of the signals which would engage
the signal and provide the necessary information to the person
having that particular tag (the tagging of the token is done at the
entrance and tagged according to the purpose of their visit). The
residents of the campus would be facilitating the service in terms
of notices, messages, updated information, complaints and many
other possible options. This system can be an example of
information and network system, as the information displays at the
same time and if any action is to be taken the operator operating
from a strategic position does the necessary. The displays
(interacting device) also have a camera for vigilance.
Tokens
+
Security Entrance Visitor
STEP 1: Identifcation
As soon as the visitor
arrives to the entrance
they are provided with an
active token which is
tagged according to the
purpose of their visit, this
token actually guides the
users throughout in the
campus
Visitor
(tagged)
Resident
Unique ID
or
double Display
Visitor
(tagged)
STEP 2: Synchronization
The visitor having the
token can now interact
with the system and get
his way and fnd directions,
the token interacts with
the system giving the
visitors complete freedom
Resident
Unique ID
STEP 3: Action
The display unit has two
screens, one is a touch
screen and the other is the
tagged sense screen so the
visitors need not have to
interact with the system
manually while the
residents have to interact
manually
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CONCEPT 1 : Technology Driven
9.12.1
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Figure 9.12.2
The display system is provided with two screens, one for the
visitors and other for the residents. The screen for the visitors is
just for the purpose of viewing the messages while the other
screen is for various applications. The people can get information
from the database of the system and the system makes it sure that
the information provided is an updated one.

For instance, if a student wants to meet the Dean of Academic
Affairs, where should he go? Should he go to the department in
which he is the professor or should he go to the administration?
As previously told that every resident has a unique ID (tagged or
activated) so the question answered by the system would be the
present location of the dean. This system can be implemented in
the library also which would give an extra edge to the maintenance
and up keeping of the library.
This concept has been evolved at the time of Pre study phase
and thus it may be possible that the scope of work in this concept
surpasses the signage system and moves into the management,
so it would not necessarily be implemented.
resident(unique ID) is interacting with
the display
the interaction still goes on without any disturbance
with the approach of the tagged visitor
as soon as the visitor
arrives at the display no
disturbance is caused
for the former viewer
the signal delivered
from the tagged visitor
causes the screen to
formulate and synchro-
nize itself to show the
information relevant for
the visitor
WORKING of the System
CONCEPT 2 : Colour Coding
9.12.2
Figure 9.12.4
One of the most simple thing which humans can easily
identify is the colour and based on this idea a concept has
been generated which actually follows the relationship of
spaces with the colours.
The idea is to use the system of colour coding in the
campus to guide the people. If a person is heading for a place
which is coded in blue colour then he/she has to follow that
colour in order to reach his/her destination. The form of colour
code can be any and can range from coloured roads, flower
bed, boundaries, vegetation, lampposts, or any clue given etc.
The illustration shows the different ways of using colours
in the system of wayfinding and there can be endless options
for this concept. To make this system more effective we can
add the textual messages with the colours.
zoom in view of the road and the pedestrian
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The illustration of colour coded
route
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CONCEPT 3 : Think LOCAL
9.12.3
Front page and back page illustration of the admission form
T o w a r d s N H -
E
C
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S
C
1
:
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When we talk about thinking local, the general idea is actually
looking into the small matters in details and trying to resolve the
problem. The whole signage system is analysed from the different
perspective. The idea behind this concept is very simple and no
change is required in the current system, instead new ideas must
be implemented to make it into a more efficient and effective
system.
People coming in the IITG campus comes here for a purpose
and that purpose ranges from personal visit to official visit. They
come here with some reference and those can be visiting card or
admission letters or just an invitation or a casual visit. The official
visit can be further broken down in different categories like Paper
presentation Admission, Interview, Conferences, Counseling, etc.
So in this case we can actually exploit the References given to
the people in the form of invitation letter, visiting cards, admission
letters, Internship letters, and other form of the references. The
basic idea is to give the clue or message about the campus in the
letter itself to help the visitors in every possible way. The layout of
these official letters can be altered or reformatted in order to
exploit this idea. Thus the idea being very small but quite effective
would help the visitors to develop their idea of the campus and its
services.
Figure 9.12.5 illustration of the admission letter sent to an applicant
with the map of IITG campus and relevant notes.
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CONCEPT 3 : Think LOCAL
9.12.3
Figure 9.12.6
In this process if we exploit the contents and the display of the
signboard at the entrances in such fashion that it would add to the
experience of the visitors. The idea of providing a 3D model (scale
1:500) of IITG campus would be an effective way of representation
for briefing the visitors and the enlisting of all the services at the
entrances.
The people visit the campus through the public or private
vehicles and through the IITG bus service. So if the map of the
campus can be installed in the buses of IITG, it would also be quite
helpful for the visitors to refer to the map and get down at their
destinations within the campus.
The bus stops in the campus are not numbered and it would be
quite interesting if they would be given an identity so that reference
points can be derived from the stops for the different destinations.
The bus stops are one of the most prominent features used in the
streetscape so if the layout of the campus is installed there it would
serve the purpose effectively.
The concept of thinking small is actually inspired from our day
to day life where we learn to solve the problems which we face.
Generally the solutions to these problems are not very big but they
are effective and give satisfaction.

The 1st image shows the illustration of
the maps and the bus stops in the campus
& it also indicates the proximity of the
buildings from a particular stop for the
easiness of the visitors.
The 2nd illustration shows the visual
language and how people generate mental
model about the campus by seeing the 3D
scaled model of the campus at the gate.
The 3rd image is the bus stop where
each stop has been given a specific/unique
nomenclature and within the stops the maps
are also provided for the visitors.
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CONCEPT 4 : based on Human BEHAVIOUR
9.12.4
Figure 9.12.7
We as human have a tendency for the shortcuts. We also
admire different things which we see in our day to day life, and
most importantly we tend to focus ourselves towards the object
which outstands itself. The main problem with the signboards is
that they are static & people generally tend to avoid the indications
provided. For this purpose there is need to add some newness in
the product (the newness can be in any form, be it the colour,
material, form, sound, actions, technology, movement, lighting or
in experience). The newness in the design can also be explored by
exploiting the technologies. Therefore it is clear that the goal is to
create something which has a point of interest. There are lots of
examples to quote for the products based on the application of the
point of interest. We can also use the principles Gestalts law for
this concept.
A case can be taken where we would approach in a sustainable
manner, using the principle of energy and would change one form
into other. It can be better explained in the case of water game
which all of us have played during our childhood. Based on this
idea a system is proposed where the vehicles impact on the bump
would be used to generate the mechanism which would lead into
the movement of perpetual motion. The diagram shown here is an
illustration of this example.
water game toy
turning plates to change colour on board for languages
element of surprise also creates point of interest
push
movement
sectional view
approx dist 25m
the energy can either be transferred
mechanically or electrically or as required
push
mechanism
impact
the energy will be translated
into appropriate movement /
action and will be visible to
the visitors when they appr-
oach the sign board
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CONCEPT 5 : FINAL
9.12.5
In design we have got freedom to explore things and its not
necessary to follow any law or principle. In class we were taught to
evaluate our concepts on the basis of different parameters, but
what I feel is that it is one way of finalising and not necessarily be
implemented in all the solutions. I think that if we look or analyse
different concepts and extract the better attributes and features
from them then the resultant concept would obviously better than
all the proposed solutions. I am following this approach because
according to me good ideas must not be overlooked due to some
calculations based upon different parameters rather it must be
made sure to implement those ideas for a better product to evolve.
So, the final proposed solution will be discussed in the next part
of the chapter.
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FINAL Concept
9.13.1
The final concept is an amalgamation of all the previously
created concepts. Following are the details of the final concept.
The main purpose of the signage system is to guide the visitors
of the campus to their intended destinations, whatever may be the
motive of their visit.
This include both type of people being intimated officially by
institute through letter (eg. interview, admission, examination) or
those coming to the campus without any official visit. If the person
is invited to campus through the letter the back of the letter head
can be used for providing the small map of the campus and
important locations marked on it, to a new visitor before actually
visiting the campus.
At the very entrance of the campus there would be a large map
that displays all the buildings clearly along with the landmarks.
In addition to this there would be a scaled (1:500) 3D model to
give a better understanding of terrain and location of various
establishments.
If a person needs to have specific information about any
location / person / event he can take the help that shows him the
precise route to reach its destination. These help desks would be
located at all the four entrances of IIT to assist the visitors for their
specific queries.
The proposal for the signage system of IIT Guwahati
Directional sign board
Map of the Campus
You are Here maps
Signboard for building identificaton
Information desk
Layout of the Letter pad
Installation of the maps in the buses and the bus stops
3d scaled model of the campus
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FINAL Concept
9.13.1
The person moves along the road either on foot or vehicle.
There would be sufficient number of signboards at proper intervals
to ensure that one does not lose his way.
In addition to this all the bus stops would be numbered to make
them unique entities and all the bus stops would have a YOU are
HERE maps and also the list of important points which are near to
that bus stop. Other than this there would be information desks at
all the important building entrance.
In this concept the operation of the signage system comprises
of three main components: signboards, maps and information
desks. The other smaller components of the system are the bus
stops and the ideas based on the concept of think local. The
concept of human behaviour is not much emphasised due to the
fact of not creating greater point of interest, as it would lead to
more time of interaction with the form of the signboards reducing
the efficiency of the signage system. Finally conceived form is
simple in nature thereby allowing the users ample interaction with
directions instead of investing time in admiring the form of the sign
board.
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Signboards
9.13.2
Figure 9.13.1 all dimensions are in mm
Front Elevation Side Elevation Back Elevation
Academic Complex
Administration
(Bank/ATM)
Auditorium
Guest House
Hostels
Sports Complex
Residences
Hospital
Technology Complex
Market Complex
Community Hall
Workshop
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post Office
Reservation Counter
Exit
Lathibagicha Gate
Hospital
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post Office
Reservation Counter
Exit (Faculty Gate)
Academic Complex
Workshop
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Signboards
9.13.2
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Figure 9.13.2 Illustration of signboard at the junctions in the campus
Signboard (at the entrances)
9.13.2
space for map
Directional signs
Interactive screen
Front Elevation Side Elevation
Isometric view of the signboard
located at all the entrances of the
campus. It comprises of the
directional sign, map of the
campus and interactive screen
1100
Institutional Area
Hostels
Sports Complex
KV IITG
Reservation Counter
Residences
Guest House
Hospital
Market Complex
Residences
D 103 -132
E 25 - 60
R165
540
745
1230
120
765
3300
2291
60
715
100
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Signboard (at the entrances)
9.13.2
Figure 9.13.4 Illustration of signboard at the entrances in the campus, comprises of the directional sign, map of the campus and interactive screen
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Signboards
9.13.2
These displays are placed at the opposite of the lake to indicate
the a building from a group of buildings, the water body acts as
an appreciating ground for those buildings located across and
this display would facilitate the users showing the building from
quite a distance.
At places where we require to get a brief idea about the smaller
area within the campus, for example the area of A & B type
residences. To get the precise information of the building and the
contents within that building. these would consist of the maps of
the local area and its legend.
60
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Signboards
9.13.2
Figure 9.13.6
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Building Identification
9.13.2
Top View
Side Elevation
1450
690
350
Signboard for the purpose of identifying the building.
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Information Desk
9.13.2
The interaction part of the information desk works on the micro
controller based system, similar to an ATM machine. The screen
of this help desk is a touch screen. The prototype of the working
for the interaction of the screen with the users was made in
Adobe Flash CS3. The purpose was to test the interaction with
the users.
If a person needs to have specific information about any
location / person / event he can take the help that shows him
the precise route to reach its destination. These help desks
would be located at all the four entrances of IIT to assist the
visitors for their specific queries.
68
1423
63
968
365
600
600
i
75
968
400
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Information Desk
9.13.2
Figure 9.13.10
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You are Here Maps
9.13.2
Figure 9.13.11
ADMINISTRATION BLOCK
Generally people look at the map to get the location but cannot get
any clue about the directions, because they donot know where
they are? For this reason the You are Here maps are installed at
the entrances to give the users a complete idea of the campus and
redirect them with the help of the orientations.
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S11
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River Bramhputra
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25
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23
24
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3
2
9
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13
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8
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14
12
G1
(Main Gate)
(Lathia Bagicha Gate)
G3
G4(Faculty Gate)
G2(ASEB)
Towards
<< Towards Amingaon

T
o
w
a
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d
s

N
H
-

3
1

>
>
NORTH
S1
S12
S2
S3
S4
S5
S7
S8
S9
S10
S6
SAC
Cricket
Ground
D103-132
D1-49
E1-24
D50-102
E 25-60
D1
C
F
F
A
B
D1
E1
D2 E2
INSTITUTIONAL
Academic Complex
Administration Building
Auditorium
Lecture Hall
Workshop
HOSTELS
Barak
Dihing
Kameng
Kapili
Manas
Siang
Subhansiri
Umiam
SERVICES
ATM / Canteen
Akshara Kids School
GuestHouse
Hospital
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Post office
Transit Complex
Shopping Complex
Sports Complex
Swimming Pool
HOUSING
A D 103-132
B E 001-024
C E 025-060
D 001-102 F
Bus stops S1- S12
Entrance
Information
Parking
You Are Here
LEGEND
IIT Guwahati Map
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E1
E2
D1 F
SCALE 1:1000
10 0 5
METER
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YOU ARE HERE
Academic Affairs
JEE/ GATE Office
Direct or Office
Regist rar Office
Board Room
Public Relat ions
Engineering Cell
St udent s Affair
Deput y Direct or
Finance
Account s
I nt ernal Audit
St ores & Purchase
Est ablishment
Securit y Head
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You are Here Maps
9.13.2
Orientation of the maps:
The maps are the most important factor of the wayfinding
system and people generally lead themselves through this tool. As
they build the mental model of the campus, by looking the map for
the first time many things come into play:
- whether the direction specified is directly oriented to the
geographical North.
- whether the map is according to the layout of the campus or
totally independent from the directions.
- people look for the landmarks and the paths and try to
establish a relation between the map and actual conditions
In the proposed solution for the maps, the layout has been
done in such a manner that a user can locate them in the map
through YAH symbol in the map. Whenever a person looks the
map they try to put the mental picture of the map in such a way that
it aligns to the actual topography of the campus, for example they
tend to align the directions of the map with the geographical
directions.
To make wayfinding more comfortable a 3D model is also
proposed for the campus at the entrance roundel where people
coulld view it and some proposals for area map have also been
made which has been discussed earlier in this chapter.
Figure 9.13.12
S10
i
Community
Hall (Staff)
Type B Quarters
Children
Park
Serpentine Lake
Type A Quarters
Area map for Type A & B Quarters A similar model for the campus
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Exploiting Present Systems
9.13.2
The people visit the campus through the public or private
vehicles and through the IITG bus service. So if the map of the
campus can be installed in the buses of IITG, it would also be
quite helpful for the visitors to refer to the map and get down at
their destinations within the campus. The information provided at
the back of the seat would be delivered by stating the proximity of
the buildings near to the stops.
The bus stops in the campus are not numbered and it would
be quite interesting if they would be given an identity so that
reference points can be derived from the stops for the different
destinations. The bus stops are one of the most prominent
features used in the streetscape so if the layout of the campus is
installed there it would serve the purpose effectively. This would
also help the visitors to find their location with the vicinity of the
numbered bus stops. The bus stops are also provide with the
detailed map of the campus to facilitate the users. The numbers
given to the bus stops are to place in such a strategic location that
people could easily see the numbers from the bus itself.
Illustration of the maps and the bus stops in the campus & it also
indicates the proximity of the buildings from a particular stop for
the easiness of the visitors.
Bus stop where each stop has been given a specific / unique
nomenclature and within the stops the maps are also provided.
Figure 9.13.13
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Exploiting Present Systems
9.13.2
People coming in the IITG campus comes here for a purpose
and that purpose ranges from personal visit to official visit. They
come here with some reference and those can be visiting card or
admission letters or just an invitation or a casual visit. The official
visit can be further broken down in different categories like
Admission, Interview, Conferences, Counseling, Paper
presentation etc.
So in this case we can actually exploit the References given to
the people in the form of invitation letter, visiting cards, admission
letters, Internship letters, and other form of the references. The
basic idea is to give the clue or message about the campus in the
letter itself to help the visitors in every possible way. The layout of
these official letters can be altered or reformatted in order to
exploit this idea. Thus the idea being very small but quite
efective would help the visitors to develop their idea of the campus
and its services.
c
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and a
ith th f IITG d l t t
T o w a r d s N H -
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Materials
9.13.3
The material used for the construction of the signboards and
other installations must possess some of the following
characteristics to satisfy the signage design,
No marks or construction details should be prominently
visible from the outside. All details should be worked out from
the inside.
The finish of the surface should be free from all kind of marks
and must be uniform throughout, but the surface must not be
reflective as it will create problem in visibility.
Using sustainable materials for the installations so that it
could resist rusting, discolouration and deformation. Weather
proof and good UV resistance is also to be considered.
There are many materials available in the market but the
best available material perfect for the condition in the campus
of IITG is Aluminium Composite Material Sheets (ACP) and
Polycarbonate sheets (UV stabilised). Both these materials are
quite suitable for this project as they have all the qualities for
the signboards. The polycarbonate sheets are available in
translucent which can be used in the boards for the purpose of
backlighting.
Properties of ACP are Lightweight and high strength and
density, Weatherproof and good UV resistance, Excellent
flatness and good anti-scratching surface, Resistance to water,
acid and alkali, Easy maintenance, Environment friendly. It is
eco-friendly as it is recyclable and reusable, leaving no harmful
effects on the environment. Figure 9.13.15 Cost list of the Materials
CATEGORY
BASE
MATERIAL
NAME OF MATERIALS UNIT IS CODE
LOW HIGH
Civil Materials Cement Cement 43 Grade Bag of 50Kg 150 8112:1989
Civil Materials Cement Portland Pozzolana
Cement Flyash Based Bag of 50Kg 148
1489:1991
Civil Materials Concrete Ready Mix Cement
Concrete M7.5 - M60
(6CUMT. = 1 Truck) CUMT 2200 2600
456:2000
Civil Materials MS
M.S sheets KG 42 45
2062:1999,
2385:1977,
412:1975
Civil Materials MS
Tor Steel Re-bar 8mm M.T. 31500
432:1982,
2062:1999
Civil Materials Bitumen
Rubber Modified Bitumen
(Bulk) CR-50 M.T. 17601
15462:2004
Civil Materials Sand
Sand BRASS 1900 2100
1542:1992,
2116:1980
Civil Materials Brick
Bricks Ist Class 9x6x4 1000 NOS. 3400
1077:1992
Civil Materials Fly-ash Fly-ash Bricks
220X105X80mm NOS 3.75
13757:1993,
3812:1981
Paving,
Flooring, Tiles
and Similar
finishes
Fly-ash
Fly-ash Interlocking
Paving Blocks(50-60mm)
M20 grade SQFT 25
3812:1981,
10360:1982
INDICATIVE
COST/UNIT
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Materials
9.13.3
The construction of the components are based on the concept
same to as of the buildings. First the frames are prepared and
then the frames would be covered with the panels giving a
proper finish. The frames for the sign boards can be derived
from the previous signage installations which can be reused in
this project. The MS frames would then be clamped & covered
by the ACP. The MS frames would actually be installed into
ground with the concrete foundation. The UV stabilised
translucent polycarbonate sheets (5mm thickness) are used
as the side covering of the panel and for the top inside lighting
of the red coloured component for the purpose to create
interest.
Figure 9.13.16
Plate design : an illustration of the fixing of the ACP with frame
UV stabilised translucent (red)
polycarbonate sheet 3mm
UV stabilised translucent (yellow)
polycarbonate sheet 3mm
Self adhesive vinyls
ACP
PCC over the concrete foundation
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Critical Appraisal
9.13.4
The proposed signage system is significantly different from the
present one, as it utilises different available technologies to cater
the various requirements of the visitors in the campus, for e.g.
externally illuminated signage system, wayfinding help desk
(touch screen), etc. It not only provides help to the visitors but also
reflects the identity of IIT Guwahati.
But before considering the new signage system there are
several pertaining issues which are required to be looked into.
They are as following:
- The huge cost of installation.
- Regular maintenance of the system i.e. detection of errors and
rectification
- Cost of replacements.
- Issues related to acceptance of new system.
But despite the issues involved, there are many advantages that
favour the introduction of the proposed signage system which are
as follows:
- Though the cost of installation is initially high the running cost is
significantly low as the materials used are durable and more
appealing.
- Though the replacement cost is high, most of the components
are durable and hence there are negligible replacements even for
the electrical components.
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Critical Appraisal
9.13.4
- Pertaining to the use of new system, any visitor who has used
ATM, mobile phone or computer can easily operate the interface to
find their way.
- The only issue that remains is the use of resources required for
detecting, rectifying and maintaining the system.
But if we actually consider the multipurpose use of the proposed
system and the identity it adds to the present signage system, the
implementation of the proposed signage system is justified in spite
of cost and resource utilisation factor.
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CONCLUSION
10
The thesis started with the aim of integrating the signage
system with the management and security system. Later it was
discovered that signage system actually deals with the problem of
navigation and wayfinding in a particular space. Signage system is
just not putting arrows on the boards but a lot more than that, here
we need to enter into the psychology of the people and assist them
with right information at right place and time.
In the study phase a lot of details of the signage system have
been perceived and other things were also explored about the
human behaviour, brand, forms, colours, distance, location,
placement, user perception, sustainability and identity. In this
project an approach of standardisation and modularisation has
also explored. It was quite interesting to learn different elements in
the signage system and more interesting was the way it has been
perceived and interpreted. Different explorations have also been
tried and while exploring these, constraints were also clarified.
The basic approach was to discuss every aspect of the signage
system and then apply it to the current situation. In this process,
signage at IITG has also been audited and different options were
also proposed. In the start of the project it was thought that the
form of the product is the main concept but later it was rectified
and then different ways of solving the problem was explored.
Different concepts were derived, some feasible and some very
childish.
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CONCLUSION
10
Later these concepts were discussed but there was a certain
change in the selection of the concepts. Generally a comparison
chart is prepared to evaluate the concepts but in this case no such
chart was prepared, instead better ideas were given importance
and a new concept was made by adding the points.
In this project system approach was also followed to make an
interface for the visitor and there was great learning involved
during this phase. There was a continuous process of analysis and
synthesis which actually helped a lot in making the system more
efficient. The only thing which still is not clear is the form but
different options were tried.
The work carried out for this project was not a synchronised
one; rather it would be better to say that as problems were faced
solutions were also tried out. The proposed solution is actually far
better than the existing one. It satisfies different problem areas
which were conceived, but due to the current system a better
system has been found, after all design is a never ending process.
So it is clear that the proposed solution is not the final solution and
much can be done in the future.
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FUTURE WORK
11
The scope of this project is limited to some extent up to the
wayfinding and guiding the visitors to their destination and this is
done through different components like Maps, Information desk,
Signboards along the path.
The signboard component could further be looked upon and
extended to guide the visitors inside the building to individual
rooms and cabins.
The other prospects of the signage system can be utilizing it in
commercial and social communication; exploiting it for maximum
utilization for the resident of the campus also. The system could
further be digitised so as to display dynamic updated information.
In future this can also lead to a strategically controlled system
managing the campus.
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REFERENCES
12
[1] Society for Environmental Graphic Design http://www.segd.info/resources/publications.html
[2] Chris Calori , Signage and Wayfinding Design: A Complete Guide to Create Environmental Graphic Design Systems
[3] Craig M. Berger , Wayfinding: Designing and Implementing Graphic Navigational Systems
[4] Andreas Ubele, Signage Systems & Information Graphics- A Professional Sourcebook Thames & Hudson
[5] Arthur, Paul and Romedi Passini, 1992, Wayfinding: People, Signs, and Architecture, Ontario: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
2002 Focus Strategic Communications, Inc.
[6] Downs, Roger and David Stea, eds., 1977, Maps in Minds, New York: Harper and Row.
[7] Evans, G. and M. McCoy, 1998, When Buildings Dont Work: The Role of Architecture in Human Health, Journal of
Environmental Psychology, v. 18: 85-94.
[8] Golledge, R.G., ed., 1999, Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and Other Spatial Processes, Baltimore, Maryland: The
Johns Hopkins Univerity Press.
[9] Hillier, B. and J. Hanson, 1988, The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[10] Lynch, Kevin, 1960, The Image of the City, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
[11] Peponis, J., and J. Wineman, 2002, Spatial Structure of Environment and Behavior, pp. 271-291
[12] Bechtel, R. and A. Churchman, eds., 2002, Handbook of Environmental Psychology, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
[13] Weisman, J., 1981, Evaluating Architectural Legibility: Way-finding and the Built Environment, Environment and Behavior,
v. 13(2): 189-204
[14] Colette Miller and David Lewis, 1999 Wayfinding http://www.informationdesign.org/bookwatch/miller_01.html
[15] Dumas & Redish 1999A Practical Guide to Usability Testing Published by Intellect Books
[16] Signage: System overview and implementation FIP Manual, December 1992
[17] NHS Estates2005 Wayfinding: Effective Wayfinding and Signing Systems; Guidance for Healthcare Facilities
The Stationery Office,
[18] Roger Fawcett-Tang .Mapping Graphic Navigational Systems, Published by Rotovision
[19] Rayan Abdullah, Roger Hbner, Pictograms, icons & signs: a guide to Information graphics
[20] http://www.asktog.com/basics/firstPrinciples.html
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Table of FIGURES
12
Figure 5.3.1 19 Andreas Ubele, Signage Systems & Information Graphics-
A Professional Sourcebook Thames & Hudson.
David Gibson, The Wayfinding HandbookInformation Design for Public Spaces.
A Professional Sourcebook
Figure 5.4.1 21 Minnaert building, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Bauhaus, Dessau
Figure 5.4.3 23 John Lewis, Typography: Design and Practice
Figure 5.5.2 24 A Professional Sourcebook Thames & Hudson.
Figure 5.5.2 25 http://www.freevectors.net/details/56+Professional+Vector+Arrows
http://www.identifont.com/show?87O
Figure 5.6.1 26 http://www.designworkplan.com/design/signage-and-color-contrast.htm
Figure 5.6.2 27 http://www.waytorussia.net/Moscow/images/metro.gif
Figure 5.7.2 29 Rayan Abdullah, Roger Hbner, Pictograms, icons & signs: a guide to
information graphics
Figure 5.8.1 30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Livingston-Greenwich-map.jpg
Figure 5.8.2 31 http://campusapps.fullerton.edu/cisl/Shine/Images/world%20map.jpg
Figure 7.0.1 40 http://news.softpedia.com/images/extra/NEWS/large/LGFM33.jpg
Figure 9.0.1 52 http://campusapps.fullerton.edu/cisl/Shine/Images/world%20map.jpg
Figure 9.11.13 137 http://www.addictlab.com/labfiles/creatives/sustainable%20energy%20icons%20.jpg
Figure No. Page No. Source
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M . D e s 0 7 - 0 9 , D e p a r t m e n t o f D E S I G N , I I T G 179
about me
Hi..!
Thank you for reading my report. I hope that it was of some use
to you. For any suggestions you can write me to the following
address.
email: archideepak@gmail.com
deepak.k@iitg.ernet.in
Address: c/o Mr. S.N. Singh
N-28/4,
Telco Colony,
Jamshedpur - 831004
Jharkhand
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Signage System@Iitg. Deepak.k MDes09

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Signage System@Iitg. Deepak.k MDes09

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SIGNAGESYSTEMforIITGuwahati

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