Ui.

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

IN

MEMORY OF
AND

PROFESSOR WILLIAM MERRILL

MRS. IMOGENE MERRILL

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in

2008 with funding from

IVIicrosoft

Corporation

http://www.archive.org/details/eutropiusOOeutrrich

EUTKOPIUS

EDITED FOR SCHOOL USE

BY
J.

C.

HAZZARD,

Ph.D.

PROFESSOR OF LATIN, PORTLAND ACADEMY

3jic

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI : CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

GIFT

21:0

REV. JACOB COOPER,

D.D., D.C.L., LL.D.

WITH GRATEFUL AFFECTION

CJOPTBIOHT, 1898, BT

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.

aUTBOPICS.

W.

p. I

Ar

PREFACE

The Breviarium
successfully in
tion

of Eutropius has for

schools, but,

many

years been used

edi-

German

though an American

was published

in the early part of this century, the

little

author

has of late years received

in character

attention in this country.

is

Yet

and subject the Breviarium

admirably adapted
deals only with

for elementary work.

While the

Viri

Romae

the early history of

Rome and

the lives of a few great

men

of

the republican age, the Breviarium gives an outline of the

history of
of the

Rome from

the founding of the city to the death

in 364 a.d.,

Emperor Jovian

and

is

thus in subject
is

closely related to the Latin course.

The Latin
Romae.

good, remark-

ably so for the time of

as that of

its

composition, and

is

not so difficult

Nepos

or of parts of the Viri

In editing the text the beginner has constantly been had

in

mind, and so references to the standard Latin Grammars

It has

have been added more copiously than some will consider judicious.

been found, however, by experience in the

class-

room, that a reference to the grammar

is

when

carefully studied

worth far more than a translation of a

it.

difficult

passage or

comment upon

The grammatical
historical

references are placed at

the bottom of the page where they belong.

In the Notes,

which are principally

and geographical, the editor

difficulties that

has tried to aid the student in mastering the

3

MQS1S77

PREFACE
The
references to

occur rather than to do his work for him.

the histories are intended rather for the teacher than for the
pupil.

If a

few minutes can be spent every day in reading

in the outline of the history that the text con-

to the class the portions refered to, the time will not be wasted,

and

it

will

fill

tains.

It is strongly

urged that each student should be pro-

vided with a copy of some good outline of

(Creighton's Primer
is

Koman

History
it

admirable), and follow the text in

this

from day
facts

to day.

In

way

a knowledge of the principal

of

Koman

History

may

be obtained with but slight

conscious effort on the part of the student.

In the analyses of the books and the chapters the accepted

dates have been given, indicating where Eutropius
in his chronology.
is

mistaken

In marking the quantities of the long

vowels, Lewis, in his Elementary Latin Dictionary^ has been

followed, except where later authorities differ from him.

The

editor desires to acknowledge his obligation to Kev. J.

R. Wilson, D.D., Principal of Portland Academy, for advice and

assistance,

and to Professors Arrowsmith and Whicher, for per-

mission to use material from their First Latin Readings.

The Grammars cited are Harkness' Standard Latin Grammar (H.), Mooney (M.), Allen and Greenough (A. & G.), Gildersleeve (G.), and Bennett (B.).

References to Harkness'

new Latin Grammars

Portland, Oregon,
June, 1898.

(1898) will be found on p. 242.

J. C.

H.

CONTENTS
TEXT
PAGE

Book

Book Book

II
III

16

27 36 46
51

Book Book Book Book Book Book Book

IV

V
VI VII
VIII

-62
73
83

TX

X
'

94
104

Bibliography
Life of Eutropius

105

NOTES
Book Book
Book
I

105
114
121

II
III

Book IV

129

Book V Book VI

136 140

Book VII Book VIII Book IX

Book X Vocabulary

.147
153

158
160
164

EUTROPI
BREVIARII AB URBE CONDITA

LIBER PRIMUS

From the Founding of Rome to the Capture of the City by the Gauls, 753-390 b.c. The Regal Period,
753-509
B.C.

Rome
1.

Founded, 753

b.c.

Romulus, 753-716

b.c.

Romanum imperium
Martis,

Rheae
est,

Silviae, Vestalis virginis, filius et,

cum Remo
in

fratre

Romulo exordium habet, qui quantum putatus imo partti editus est. Is cum

decem et octo annos^ natus Palatmo monte constituit, xi Kal. Maias, Olympiadis sextae anno tertio, post Troiae excidium, anno trecentesimo nonagesimo quarto.
inter pastores latrocinaretur/

urbem exiguam

2.

Condita
haec fere

civitate,^
egit.

quam ex nomine
legit,

suo

Romam
consilio

voca-

vit,

Multitudinem finitimorum in civitatem

10 recepit,

centum ex senioribus *

quorum

omnia

ageret,^

quos senatores nominavit propter senecttitem.

ipse et populus suus

Tum,

cum uxores

non haberent,^ invitavit

ad spectaculum ludorum vicinas urbi Romae nationes atque

1

H. 521,
H. 379 H. 431
;

II,

M. 347
;

A.

&

G. 325
;

G. 585
;

B. 288.

2 3
*

M. 197 A. & G. 25G G. 336 B. 181, 1. M. 255, 1 A. & G. 255, d,l; G. 409 B. 227, H. 397, 3, N. 3 M. 225, n. 2 A. & G. 216, c G. 372, r. 2
;

2, a.
;

B. 201,
2.

1, a.

H. 497, H. 517

I
;

M.

382, 3
;

A.

&

G. 317, 2
;

G. 630
;

B. 282,
2.

M. 355

A.

&

G. 326

G. 586
7

B. 286,

EUTROPI BREVIARII
earum virgines
rapuit.

Commotls

bellls propter

raptarum
cin-

iniuriam Caeiiinenses

vicit,

Antemnates, Crustummos, Sabi-

nos, Fldenates, Veientes.

Haec omnia oppida urbem

gunt,
5

Et cum

orta subito terapestate

non comparuisset,

anno regni tricesimo septimo ad deos transisse creditus est

et consecratus.

Deinde Romae^ per quinos dies senatores

est.

imperaverunt et his regnantibus annus tinus completus

3.

Postea

Numa PompiliuSj 715-672 b.c. Numa Pompilius rex creatus est,

gessit, sed

qui bellum

quidem nullum
10 profuit.

Nam

et leges

non minus Eomanis moresque

civitatl ^

quam Eomulus
constituit, qui

consuetudine proeliorum iam latrones ac semibarbarl putabantur, et

annum

dSscrlpsit in

decem menses prius sine

aliqua supputatione confusum, et inflnita

Romae

sacra ao

tempi a constituit.
15

Morbo

decessit quadragesimo et tertio

imperii anno.
Tullus Hostilius, 672-640 b.c.
4.

Huic

successit Tullus Hostilius.

Hie bella

reparavit,
^

Albanos

vicit,

qui ab urbe

Roma duodecimo
alii

miliario

sunt,

Veientes et Fidenates, quorum

sexto miliario absunt

ab urbe Roma,

alii

octavo decimo, bell5 superavit, urbem

20 ampliavit adiectO Caelio monte.

Cum

triginta et du5s
arsit.

annos

rfignasset,*

fulmine ictus cum domo sua

Anciis Marcius, 640-616 b.c.

5.

Post hunc Ancus Marcius,

Numae

ex

filia

nepos, suscS-

pit
1

imperium. Contra LatinOs dimicavit, Aventinuni montem

II
;

H. 426,
H. 386

M. 242, 1 A. & G. 258, c, M. 202 A. & G. 228 G. 347

;
; ;

2
;

G. 411

B. 232,

1.

B. 187, III.

H. 425,II,2,N.2;M.241, 2; A.&G.258,/,2;G.385,N.1;B.228,1,6. H. 235 M. 100, 1 A. & G. 128, a, 1 G. 131, 1 B. 116, 1.

;

LIBER
civitatl adiecit et

I.

laniculum, apud ostium Tiberis civitatem

supra mare sexto decimo miliario ab urbe

Roma

condidit.

Vicesimo et quarto anno imperii morbo

periit.

Lucius Tarqtiinius Friscus, 616-578

6.

B.C.

Deinde regnum Priscus Tarquinius

accepit.

Hic nume-

rum senatorum duplicavit, circum Romae aedificavit, ludos Romanes instituit, qui ad nostram memoriam permanent. Vicit Idem etiam Sablnos et non parum agrorum sublatum isdem urbis Romae territorio itinxit, primusque triumphans urbem intravit. Muros fecit et cloacas, Capitolium incohaTricesimo octavo imperil anno per

10 vit.

And

fllios occlsus

est, regis eius, cui ipse successerat.

Servius Tullius, 578-534

7.

b.c.

Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium, genitus

ancilla.

ex nobill femina, captlva tamen et

Sablnos subegit, montes
15

Hic quoque

tres,

Quirinalem, Viminalem, Esqui-

llnum, urbl adiunxit, fossas circum

murum
in

duxit.

Primus
delatis
his,

omnium censum
incognitus erat.

ordinavit, qui

adhuc per orbem terrarum

Sub eo

Roma omnibus

censum

habuit capita lxxxiii milia civium

qui in agrls erant.

Romanorum cum

Occlsus est scelere generl sul TarquinI

20 Superbl, fllil eius regis cul ipse successerat, et flliae

quam

Tarquinius habebat uxorem.

Lucius Tarquinius SuperbuSj 534-510

8.

b.c.

L. Tarquinius Superbus, septimus atque ultimus regum,^

Volscos, quae gens ad

urbe
1

est,

vIcit,
;

Gabios civitatem
;

Campaniam euntibus^ non longe ab et Suessam Pometiam

a,

H. 397, 3

M.
3

225, 3
;

A. & G. 216,
;

G. 372
G, 353

B. 201,

1.

H. 384,

4, N.

M. 210

A.

&

G. 235, b

B. 188,

2, a.

10
subegit,
tolio

EUTROPI BREVIARII
cum
Tuscis pacem fecit et templum lovi in Capi-

aedificavit.

Postea Ardeam

oppugnans, in octavo
Tarquinius iunior,

decimo miliario ab urbe

perdidit.
6

Koma

positam civitatem, imperium

Nam cum

filius eius, et ipse

nobilissimam feminam Lucretiam eandemque pudicissimam,

Collatmi uxorem, stuprasset eaque de
et amicis questa fuisset, in
initiria

marito et patri

omnium

conspectti se occldit.
et

Propter

quam causam

Brutus, parens

ipse

Tarquini,

populum
10 exercitus

concitavit et Tarquinio^ ademit imperium.

Mox
clausis

quoque eum, qui civitatem Ardeam cum ipso rege

est,

oppugnabat, rellquit
exclusus

veniensque ad urbem rex portis cumque imperasset annos quattuor et

;

vigintl

cum uxore
15

et liberls suis fugit.

per septem reges anr^Is ducentls

Komae regnatum est quadraginta tribus, cum

Ita

adhuc Roma, ubi pltirimum, vix usque ad quintum decimum

mlliarium possid6ret.
Establishment of the Republic.
9.

Election of Consuls, 509 b.c.

creati, ut, sT

Hinc consults coepgre, pro uno rSge duo, hac causa unus mains esse voluisset,^ alter eum liabens potestatem similem coerc6ret.^ Et placuit ne imperium

20 longius

quam annuum

haberent,* ne per diuturnitatem pote-

statis insolentiorgs redderentur,

sed civiles semper essent,

qui s6 post
igitur

annum
maximg

sclrent futures esse privates.

Fuerunt

anno primo ab expulsis regibus consules L. Junius

egerat ut Tarquinius peller6tur, et Tar-

Brtitus, qui
2fi

quinius Collatinus, marltus Lucr6tiae.

Sed Tarquinio Colla-

tino statim sublata est dlgnitas. Placuerat

1

enim ne quisquam
1
;

H. 385,

II,

2 *

n.

601), N.

2 ; M. 211 3 M. 403
;

A.

A.

& G. 229 G. & G. 337, a, 3

;

345, r.
;

G. 596, 2
1
;

B. 188, 2, B. 320.
;

d.

H. 497, II

H. 498,

M. 328 A. & G. 317, 1 G. 645, M. 333, 1 A. & G. 331, d G. 546

;

B. 282,

1.

'

B. 295. 4.

LIBER
in urbe

I.

11
vocaretiir.

maneret qui Tarquinius

Ergo accepto

oinni patrimonio suo ex urbe migravit et loco ipslus factus

est L. Valerius Publicola consul.

War
10.
5

with Tarquinius.
belluni urbl

Commovit tamen
et,

Romae

rex Tarquinius,

qui fuerat expulsus,

conlectis multls gentibus, ut in re-

gnum

posset restitui dimicavit.

In prima ptigna Brutus convicem se occiderunt, Roman!

sul et Artins, Tarquimfllius, in

10

tamen ex ea pugna victores recesserunt. Brutum matronae Romanae, defensorem pudicitiae suae, quasi commimem patrem per annum Itixerunt. Valerius Publicola Sp. Lucretium Tricipitinum conlegam sibi fecit, Lucretiae patrem, quo morbo mortuo iterum Horatium Pulvillum conlegam
stimpsit.
sibi

Ita primus annus quinque consules habuit,

cum

Tarquinius Collatlnus propter

15

nomen urbe

cessisset,

Brutus

in proelio perlsset, Sp. Lucretius

morbo mortuus
b.c.

esset.

War
11.

idth

Porsenna, 508

Secundo quoque anno iterum Tarquinius ut recipere-

tur in

regnum bellum Romanis

victus est.

intulit,

auxilium

ei ferente

Porsenna, Tusciae rege, et

Romam

paene

cepit.

Verum

tum quoque
20

Tertio anno post reges exactos Tarquinius cum suscipi non posset in regnum neque el Porsenna, qui pacem cum Romanis f ecerat, praestaret auxilium, Tusculum ^ se contulit,

quae civitas non longe ab urbe

est,

atque

ibi

per quattuor-

25

decim annos privatus cum uxore consenuit. Quarto anno post reges exactos, cum Sabinl Romanis bellum intulissent, victi sunt, et de his triumphatum est.
\

H. 412, 2 M. 233, 2 A. & G. 258, a, n. 2 G. 390, 2 B. 229, H. 380, IT M. 199, 1 A. & G. 258, 6 G. 337 B. 182, 1, a.
;
; ; ;
;

1.

12

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Quinto anno L. Valerius
ille/

BrutI conlega et quater

consul, fataliter mortuus est, adeo pauper ut conlatis a populo

nummis

stimptum. habuerit^ sepulturae.

Quern matronae

sicuti Brtitum

annum

Itixerunt.

Institution
5

of

the Dictatorship^

501

b.c.

12.

Nono anno

post reges exactos

cum

gener Tarquini

ad iniuriam soceri ^ vindicandam ^ ingentem conlegisset exercitum, nova

latur,

Romae
est,

dignitas est creata, quae dictatura appel-

maior quam consulatus.

similius

Eodem anno

etiam magister

equitum factus
10

qui dictatorl obsequeretur.

Eeque

quic-

quam

potest dici

quam

dictatura antiqua liuic

imperil potestati, quam nunc Tranquillitas Yestra habet, maxime cum Augustus quoque Octavianus, de quo postea dicemus, et ante eum C. Caesar sub dictaturae nomine atque

honore regnaverint.
15

Dictator autem

Romae primus

fuit

T. Larcius, magister equitum primus Sp. Cassius.

Secession of the Plebeians,

Establishment of the Tribunate,

B.C.

494
13.

Sexto decimo anno post r6ges exactos seditionem

populus

Romae

fecit,

tamquam a

senatii atque consulibus

premeretur.

Turn

et ipse sibi tribunes pl6bis quasi proprios

iudic^s et d6fens6r6s creavit, per quos contra

20 cOnsules tutus esse posset.

senatum et

H. 450, 4 M. 443, 1 H. 500, II 495, VI

;

A.

&

G. 102, b
:

G. 307, 2

B. 246,
1
:

3.
c,

M. 337
A.
1
;

316, 2

A.

&

G. 319,

287,

r.;

G.

552, 1
8

513

B. 284, 1
;

268, 6.
;

H. 396, III H. 542, III,

:

M. 210
2
:

&

G. 217
:

G. 363, 2
;

B. 200.
:

N.

544,

M. 291 297

A.

& G. 300

318, b

G. 432, r.;

B. 338, 3

339, 2.

LIBER
War
14.

I.

13

vnth the Volsci, 493 b.c.

Sequent! anno Volsci contra

verunt, et victi acie etiam Coriolos civitatem,

Romanes bellum reparaquam habebant

optimam, perdiderunt.

Coriolanus, 491 b.c.

15.
5 sus

Octavo decimo anno postquam reges

eiecti erant expul-

ex urbe Q. Marcius, dux Romanus, qui Coriolos ceperat,

iratus et

Volscorum clvitatem, ad ipsos Yolscos contendit

auxilia contra

Romanes

accepit.

Romanes saepe vicit, usque

^

ad quintum miliarium urbis

patriani suam, legatis qui
10

accessit, opptignaturus

etiam

ad eum mater Veturia

et

pacem petebant repudiatis, nisi uxor Volumnia ex urbe venissent,^

quarum fletu et deprecatione superatus removit exercitum. Atque hic secundus post Tarquinium fuit qui dux contra patriam suam esset.

Slaughter of the Fahii, 477

16.
15

b.c.

C.

Fabio

et L. Virginio consulibus trecenti nobiles

homines, qui ex Fabia familia erant, contra Veientes bellum

soli

susceperunt, promittentes senatui et populo per se

omne

certamen implendum.
qui singuli

Itaque prefect!, omnes nobiles et

proelio conciderunt.
20 lia,

magnorum exercituum duces esse deberent, in Unus emn!no superfuit ex tanta fami-

qui propter aetatem puer!lem due! non petuerat ad

pugnam.

Pest haec census in urbe habitus est et inventa

sunt civium capita cxvii m!lia cccxix.

H. 649, 3 M. 283 A. & G. 293, &, 3 G. 640, 4, (2) H. 510 M. 366 A. & G. 308 G. 597 B. 304.
;
;

B. 304, 3,

6.

14

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Dictatorship of Cincinnatus, 458 b.c.

cum in Algido monte ab urbe Eomanus obsideretar exercitus, L. duodecimo ferm6 miliario
17.

Sequent! tamen anno

Quintius Cincinnatus dictator est factus, qui agrum quattuor

iugerum ^ possidens manibus

5 et

suis colebat.

Is

cum

in opere

arans asset inventus, sudore detersQ togam praetextam

accepit et caesis hostibus llberavit exercitum.

Decemvirs appointed, 451

gated,

b.c.

Laws of XII

Tables ^womul-

450

b.c.

Death of Virginia; Decemvirs deposed,

449
18.

B.C.

Anno trecentesimo

et altero

ab urbe condita imperium

consulare cessavit et pro duobus consulibus decern fact!

sunt, qui
10

summam

potestatem haberent, decemviri nominatl.

egissent,^

Sed cum primo anno bene

secundo unus ex

his,

Ap. Claudius, Virgin! cuiusdam, qu! honestis iam stlpendils,

contra Latinos in monte Algido militarat,^ filiam virginem

corrumpere voluit
viro
15

quam
^

pater occidit, ne stuprum a decem-

sustineret,

et

regressus ad mllites movit tumultum.

potestas ipsique damnat! sunt.

Sublata est decemviris

Revolt of the Fidenates, 438 b.c.

19.

Anno

trecentesimo et quinto decimo ab urbe condita

Fidenates contra

Romanes

rebellaverunt.

Auxilium his

praestabant V^ientes et r6x Veientium Tolumnius.

Quae

ambae
20

civitat6s

tam

vicinae urbi sunt ut Fidenae sexto,

V6i octavo decimo miliario absint.

1

Coniunxerunt se his
;

2
8
*

396, M. 223 A. & G. 215, h G. 365 B. 203, 2. H. 515, III M. 378, 1 A. & G. 326 G. 587 B. 309, 3. II. 235 M. 100, 1 A. & G. 128, a G. 131, 1 B. 116, 1. H. 385, II, 2 M. 211 A. & G. 229 ; G. 346, r. 1 ; B. 188,
II.
;
;

2, d.

LIBKK
et Volscl.

I.

15
et L. Quintio Cin-

Sed Mam. Aemilio dictatore

et excisae.

cimiato niagistro equitiim victi etiam regem perdiderunt.

Fidenae captae

War
20.
5

with Vei, 396 b.c.

Post viginti delude aniios Veientaiii rebellaverunt.

Dictator contra ipsos missus est Furius Camillus, qui

cos
vicit
acie,

primum

mox

etiam clvitatem

diti

obsidens cepit,

antlquissimam Italiae atque ditissimam.

et Faliscos, noii

Post earn cepit

minus nobilem clvitatem.

Sed commota

est ei invidia, quasi

10

praedam male
civitate.^

divisisset,

damnatusque

ob earn causam et expulsus

Home Captured

hy the Gauls, 390

b.c.

15

Statim Galli Senones ad urbem venerunt et victos Romanos undecimo miliario a Roma apud flumen Alliam secutT etiam urbem occupaverunt. Neque defend! quicquam nisi Capitolium potuit; quod cum diu obsedissent et iam Romanl fame laborarent, accepto auro, ne Capitolium obsiderent, recesserunt.

Sed a Camillo, qui in vicina

superventum

civitate

exsulabat, Gallis

est gravissimeque victi sunt.

ita cecidit ut et

Postea tamen etiam secutus eos Camillus

20

omnia quae ceperant Ita tertio triumphans urbem militaria signa revocaret. ingressus est et appellatus secundus Romulus, quasi et ipse
aurum, quod
liis

datum

fuerat,

et

patriae conditor.
1

H. 414, H. 384,

II,

M. 236 A. & G. 243 G. 390, 2 B. G. 217 5 M. 205, n. A. & G. 230

; ;

214,
;

1.

B. 187,

II, 5.

16

EUTROPI BREVIARH

LIBER SECUNDUS
From the Capture of the City to the End of the First Punic War, 390-241 b.c.

Military Tribunes with Consular

1.

Power

Elected,

444

b.c.

Anno

trecentesimo sexagesimo quinto ab urbe condita,

post cap tarn autem prim 6, dignitates mtitatae sunt, et pro

duobiis consulibus facti tribunlmilitares consular! potestate.

Hinc iam coepit Romana

5

res crescere.

Nam

Camillus eo

anno Volscorum civitatem, quae per septuaginta annos

bellum gesserat, vicit et Aequorum urbem et Sutrinorum
atque omnes deletis earundem exercitibus occupavit et tres
simul triumphos
2.

egit.

T. etiam Qulntius Cincinnatus Praenestinos, qui usque

10

ad urbis Romae portas cum bello venerant, persecfitus ad flumen Alliam vicit, octo civitates, quae sub ipsis agebant,
Roraanis aditinxit, ipsum Praeneste aggressus in deditionem
accgpit.

Quae omnia ab eo gesta sunt

ipsi dficretus.

viginti

diebus,^

triumphusque
15

3.

Verum

dignitas tribunorum mllitarium

non diu persefieri et

vgravit.

Nam

post aliquantum nullos placuit

ita fluxit ut potestates ibi

qua-

driennium in urbe
essent.

maiores non

PraestimpsSrunt tamen tribuni militares consularl

dignitatem et triennio persevSraverunt.
facti.

potestate iterum
20

Rursus consults

Death of Camillus, 365

4.

B.C.

L.

Genucio et Q. Servilio consulibus mortuus est

Camillus.
1

Honor
;

ei

post
;

Romulum
&
G. 256
;

secundus delatus
G. 393
;

est.

H. 429

M.

243, 1

A.

B. 231.

LIBER
Invasion of the Gauls
5.
;

11.

17

Torquatus, 361

B.C.

T. Quintius dictator adversus Gallos, qui

est.

ad

Italiain

venerant, missus

Hi ab

urbe quarto mlliario trans

Ibi nobilissimus de sena-

Anienem
5

fluviura consederant.

toribus iuvenis L. Manlius provocautem

Galium ad singulare
aureo coUosibi et posterls

certamen progressus

occidit, et sublato torque

que suo imposito in perpetuuin TorquatI et

cognomen
victi
10

accepit.

Galli fugati sunt,

mox

per C. Sulpicium

dictatorem etiam

victi.

Non

miilto

post a C. Marcio Tusci

sunt et octo milia captivoriim ex his in triumphum

ducta.
First Samnite War, 343-341 b.c.
6.

Census iterum habitus

-

est.

Et cum

Latinl, qui a

Ro-

manis

subacti erant, mllites praestare nollent, ex

lecti sunt,

Eomanis
Parvis

tantum tirones
15

factaeque legiones decern, qui moefficiebat.

dus sexaginta vel amplius armatorum milia

adhtic

20

Romanis rebus tanta tamen in re militari virtus erat. Quae cum profectae essent adversum Gallos duce L. Furio, quidam ex Gallis unum ex Romanis, qui esset^ optimus, Tum se M. Valerius tribtinus mllitum obtulit, provocavit. et cum processisset armatus corvus el^ supra dextrum bracchium sedit. Mox commissa adversum Galium pugna Idem
corvus
alls et

unguibus Galll oculos verberavit, ne rectum

Ita a tribuno Valerio interfectus.
el,

posset aspicere.

Corvus

non solum victoriam

25

sed etiam

nomen

dedit.

Nam

postea idem Corvlnus est dictus.

Ac

propter hoc meritimi

annorum trium
1

et viginti consul est f actus.

2
8 *

H. H. H. H.

423

M. 248 A. & G. 250 M. 247, 2 A. & G. M. 383, 1 A. & G. 503, 1 M. 208; A. & 384, 4, N. 2 HAZ. EUTROPIUS
;
;

G. 403

B. 223.
;

415, I

246

G. 401
G. 631,
;

B. 216.
1
;

320

B. 283,
;

2.
1.

G. 235, a

G. 350, 1

B. 188,

18

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Latin War, 340-^38
7.

b.c.

Latini, qui noluerant milit6s dare, hoc

quoque a Ro-

manis exigere coeperuiit, ut tinus consul ex eorum, alter ex Romanorum populo crearetur. Quod cum esset negatum,
bellum contra eos susceptum est et ingenti pugna superati
6

sunt

ac de his perdomitis triumphatum

est.

Statuae con-

meritum victoriae in rostris positae sunt. Eo anno etiam Alexandria ab Alexandro Macedone condita est.
sulibus ob

Second Samnite War, 326-304

8.

b.c.

lam Roman! potentes

esse coeperunt.

Bellum enim

in

centesimo et tricesimo fere miliario ab urbe

10

apud Samnltas

gerebatur, qui medii sunt inter Picenum,

Apuliam.

L. Papirius Cursor
est.

bellum profectus

Campaniam et cum honore dictatoris ad id Qui cum Romam rediret, Q. Fabio

reliquit,
Ille occasione reperta

Maximo, magistro equitum, quern apud exercitum

praecepit ne se absente pugnaret.^
15 felicissime

dimicavit et Samnltas delevit.

Ob quam rem

dictatore capitis^ damnatus,

quod

s6

vetante pugnasset,^

ingenti favore militum et populi liberatus est, tanta Papirio

seditione

commota ut paene

ipse interficeretur.

Romans
9.

defeated at Caudine Forks, 321 b.c.

Postea Samnites Romanes T. Veturio et Sp. Postumio

20

consulibus ingenti dedecore* vicerunt et sub iugum miserunt.

Pax tamen a senatu

et

populo soluta

est,

quae cum

ipsis propter necessitatem facta fuerat.

1

Postea Samnites
;

H. 498, I

H. 409, II
B. 116,
1

M. 333, 2 A. & G. 331 G. 546, 2 B. 295, M. 228 A. & G. 220, a G. 378, 3 B. 208,
; ;
;

1.

2, a.

H. 235: 616,11; M.
641
;

100, 1

357; A.
G. 248

&

G. 128, a,

321, G. 131, 1
1.

286,
;

1.
;

H. 419, III

M. 246

A.

&

G. 399

B. 220,

LIBER
victi

11.

19

sunt a L. Papirio consule, septem mllia eorum sub

Papirius primus de Samnitibus triumphavit.

iugum missa.

Eo tempore Ap. Claudius censor aquam Claudiam induxit et viam Appiam stravit. Samnites reparato bello Q. Fabium Maximum vicerunt tribus mllibus hominum occlsis. Postea, cum pater ei Fabius Maximus legatus datus fuisset, et
Samnitas
vicit et pltirima

ipsorum oppida

cepit.

Deinde

P. Cornelius

Eufinus M. Curius Dentatus, ambo consules,

contra Samnitas missi ingentibus proeliis eos confecere.

10

Tum
qui

bellum

cum Samnitibus
Neque

per annos quadraginta

novem

actum sustulerunt.

ullus hostis fuit intra Italiam

Romanam
War

virtutem magis fatigaverit.

ivith the

Gauls, and Etruscans, 283 B.C.

10.

Interiectis aliquot annis iterum se

Gallorum copiae

contra
15

Romanes

Ttiscls

Samnitibusque itinxerunt, sed cum

Romam
sunt.
.

tenderent a Cn. Cornelio Dolabella consule deletae

War
11.

with Tarentum arid Pyrrhus, 281-272

Heraclea, 280
b.c.

b.c.

Battle of

Eodem tempore

Tarentinis, qui iam in ultima Italia

sunt, bellum indictum est, quia legatis

fecissent.
20

Romanorum

iniuriam

Hi Pyrrhum/
poposcerunt,
Is

Epiri

regem, contra

Romanos

auxilium
trahebat.

qui

ex genere Achillis orlginem

mox ad

Italiam venit,

tumque primum RoMissus est

manl cum transmarino hoste dimicaverunt.

contra

eum

consul P. Valerius Laevlnus, qui

cum

explo-

ratores Pyrrhl cepisset, iussit eos per castra

25

dud, ostendi

omnem
1

exercitum tumque dimitti, ut renuntiarent Pyrrho

;

H. 374

M.

192, 2

A. & G.

2-39, c

G. 839, a

B. 173,

1, a.

20

EUTROPI BREVIARII
quaecumque a Romanis agerentur.^ Commissa mox pugna, cum iam Pyrrhus fugeret, elephantorum auxilio vicit, quos incognitos Roman! expaverimt. Sed nox proelio finem dedit Laevinus tamen per noctem fugit, Pyrrhus Romanos mille octingentos cepit et eos summo honore tractavit, occiQuos cum adverso vulnere et true! vultti sos sepelivit.
;

etiam mortuos iacere vidisset, tulisse ad caelum mantis

dicitur

cum hac

voce

se totius orbis

dominum

esse potu-

isse, si tales sibi milit^s contigissent.

Embassy of
10

Cineas.
sibi
^

12.

Postea Pyrrhus coniunctis

Samnitibus, Lticanls,
ignique vastavit, Cam-

Bruttiis

Romam perrexit, omnia f erro

est atque

paniam populatus

ad Praeneste venit, mlliario ab

^

urbe octavo decimo.

Mox

terrore

exercitus, qui se recepit.

eum cum
Legati ad

consule sequebatur, in
15

Campaniam

Pyrrhum de redimendis
suscepti sunt.

captlvis* missi ab eo honorifice

Captivos sine pretio

Romam

misit.

Unum

ex legatis Romanorum, Fabricium,

sic

admiratus,

cum eum
est a

pauperem esse cognovisset, ut quarta parte regnl promissa

sollicitare voluerit ut
20 Fabricio.

ad se

transiret,

contemptusque

Quare cum Pyrrhus Romanorum ingenti admira-

tione teneretur, legatum misit, qui

pacem acquis

condicio-

nibus peteret, praecipuum virum, Cineam nomine/ ita ut

Pyrrhus partem
obtingret.
25
1

Italiae,

quam

iam

armis occupaverat,

13.

Pax displicuit remandatumque Pyrrho est a senatu eum

M. 388 A. & G. 334 G. 467 B. 300, 1, a. M. 247, 1 A. & G. 248, c, 1 G. 401 B. 218. M. 254 A. & G. 245 G. 408 B. 219. TV 544, 1 M. 292 297 A. & G. 301 G. 438
;
; ; ; ; ;

2
8

H. H. H. H.
1.

629, I

420 416
542,

B. 388,

4, b

339,
5

H. 424

M. 238,

A.

&

G. 263

G. 397

B. 226.

LIBER

11.

21

cum Komanis, nisi ex Italia recessisset/ pacem habere non posse. Turn Komani iuss6runt captivos omnes, quos Pyrrhus
reddiderat, infames haberi,

ante eos ad veterem statum reverti,

5

quod armati cap! potuissent, nee quam si binorum hoIta legatus Pyrrhi rever-

stium occlsorum spolia retulissent.

quo cum quaereret Pyrrlius, qualem Eomam sus est. comperisset, Cineas dixit regum se patriam vidisse scilicet tales illlc fere omnes esse, qualis unus Pyrrhus apud Epirum

et
10

reliquam Graeciam putaretur.^

Missi sunt contra

Pyrrhum duces

P. Sulpicius et Decius
est,

Mus consules.

Certamine commisso Pyrrhus vulneratus

elephant! interfecti, viginti milia caesa hostium, et ex Eo-

manis tantum quinque mIlia; Pyrrhus Tarentum fugatus.

Fabricius; Battle of Beneventum, 275
14.
15

b.c.

Interiecto anno contra

Pyrrhum

Fabricius est missus,

qui

prius inter legatos sollicitari

non poterat quarta regni

parte promissa.

Tum, cum

vicina castra ipse et rex haberent,

medicus Pyrrhi nocte ad euni venit, promittens veneno se

Pyrrhum
bricius
20

occlsiirum, si sibi aliquid polliceretur.

iussit

Quem

Fa-

vinctum reduci

ad dominum Pyrrhoque dici

quae contra caput eius medicus spopondisset.

admiratus
lius

Tum
qui

rex

eum

dixisse f ertur

'

Ille est Fabricius,

diffici-

ab honestate

quam

sol a cursu suo avert! potest.'

est.

Tum

rex ad Siciliam profectus

Fabricius victis Lucanis et

Samn!tibus triumphavit.
25

Consules deinde M. Curius Dentatus et Cornelius Lentulus

adversum Pyrrhum miss!

sunt.

Curius contra

eum

pu-

gnavit, exercitum eius cec!dit,

1

ipsum Tarentum fugavit, castra

&
G. 307,
c
:

H. 508
H. 524

527, I

M. 363
;

402

A.

337, 3

G. 595,

r. 1

B. 319, B, 3rd ex.

2
;

a.

M. 392

A. & G. 336, 2

G. 650

B. 314,

1.

22
cepit.

EUTROPl BREVIARII
Ea
die caesa hostium viginti tria nulia.

Curius in

consulatu triumphavit.
tiior (luxit.

Primus

Romam
est.

elephantos quatrecessit et

Pyrrhus etiam a Tarento ^ mox

apud

Argos, Graeciae civitatem, occlsus

5

15.

C.

Fabio Licinio C. Claudio Oaniiia consulibiis anno

legati

urbis conditae quadringentesimo sexagesimo prlnio

Alexandrmi a Ptolemaeo missi

amicitiam
16.
10

Romam venere

et a

Romanis

quam

petierant obtinuerunt.

Q. Ogulnio C. Fabio Pictore consulibus Picentes belet

lum commovere
Ap. Claudio
ditae a

ab Insequentibiis consulibus P. Sempronio

de his triumphatum
est.

victi sunt; et

Con-

Romanis

civitates

Ariminum

in Gallia et Beneven-

tum
15

in Samnio.

17.

M. Atilio Regulo L.

Itilio

Libone consulibus Sallentinis

captique sunt
est.

in

Apulia bellum indictum

est,

cum

civitate

simul Brundisini, et de his triumphatum

First Punic War, 264-241 b.c.

Romans

victorious in Sicily,

264
18.

B.C.

Anno quadringentesimo septuagesimo

septimo,

cum

iam clarum urbis Romae nomen esset, arma tamen extra Italiam mota non fuerant. Ut igitur cognosceretur - quae
20

copiae

Romanorum

essent, census est habitus.

Turn inventa
tri-

sunt civium capita ducenta nonaginta duo milia trecenta

ginta quattuor,
cessassent.

quamquam a

condita urbe

numquam

bella

Et contra Afros bellum susceptum

25

est

Q. Fulvio consulibus.

In

Sicilia contra eos

primum Ap. Claudio pugnatum est et

Ap. Claudius de Afris et rege

1

Siciliae

Hierone triumphavit.
;

H. 412, 3, N. M. 238, 3 H. 407, II M. 328 A.

;
;

A.

& G. 258,
1
;

a, n. 1

G. 301, r.
1
;

B. 229, 2.

&

G. 317,

G. 545,

B. 282,

1.

LIBER n.
19.

23

Insequenti anno Valerio Marco et Otacilio Crasso con-

sulibus in Sicilia a

Eomanis

res

magnae gestae

sunt.

Tauro-

menitani, Catinenses et praeterea qumquaginta civitates in

Tertio anno in Sicilia contra Hieronem, regem Siculorum, belluni paratum est. Is cum omnI nobilitate Syracusanorum pacem a Romanis impetravit deditque

fidem acceptae.

argentl^ ducenta talenta.

his secundo

Afri in Sicilia victi sunt et de

est.

Romae triumphatum

Battle of Mylae,
20.
10

260

b.c.

Qulnto anno priml

belli,

quod contra Afros gerebatur,

Asina consulibus
quas LiburDuilius
rostratis,

primum R-omani
in

C. Duilio et Cn. Cornelio

marl dimicaverunt paratis navibus

nas vocant.

Consul Cornelius fraude deceptus

est.

commisso proelio Karthaginiensium ducem

vicit, triginta et

tinam naves cepit, quattuordecim mersit, septem milia ho15

stium cepit, tria milia occldit. Neque ulla victoria Romanis ^

gratior f uit,

quod

invicti terra

iam etiam marl ^ plurimuni

Corsicam

possent.
C. Aqullio Floro L. Sclpione consulibus Sclpio
et
20

Sardiniam vastavit, multa milia inde captivorum abduxit,

egit.

triumphum

Invasion of Africa by the Romans, 256

21. L.

B.C.

Manlio Vulsone M. Atllio Regulo consulibus bellum

est.

in

Africam translatum

Contra Hamilcarem, Karthagiest.

niensium ducem, in marl pugnatum, victusque

Kam
Rotransls-

perditis sexaginta quattuor navibus retro se recepit.

25

mani
1

viginti duas amiserunt.

Sed cum
e
;

in

Africam

H. 396,
H. 391,

V
I,

M. 221
2
;

A.

&
;

G. 214,
;

G. 368
2.34,
;

B. 197.
;

footnote

M. 214

A.

&

G.

G. 359

B. 192,
;

1.
1, c.

H. 425,

II,

M.

241, 3

A.

&

G. 258, d

G. 385,

n. 1

B. 228,

24
sent,

EUTROri BRP]VIARII
piimam Clypeain, Africae
civitatem,
in

deditiOnem

accgperunt.

Consules usque ad Karthaginem processerunt,

multlsque castellis vastatis Manlius victor

viginti septeni
5 in

Eomam

rediit et

milia captivorum reduxit, Atilius Eegulus

Is contra Afros aciem instruxit.

Africa remansit.

Con-

tra tres Karthaginiensium duces dimicans victor fuit, decern

et octo mIlia

hostium

cecidit,

quinque milia cum decern et

octo elephantis cepit, septuaginta quattuor civitates in fidem

aceepit.
10

Turn

victi

Karthaginienses pacem a Romanis petinollet nisi durissimis condicio-

verunt.

Quam cum Eegulus

nibus dare, Afrl auxilium a Lacedaemoniis petiverunt.

Et

duce Xanthippe, qui a Lacedaemoniis missus fuerat, Romanorum dux Eegulus victus est ultima pernicie. Nam duo milia tantum ex omni Eomano exercitu refuge runt, quin15

genti
occisa,

cum

imperatore Eegulo capti sunt, triginta milia

Eegulus ipse in catenas coniectus.

Romans
22.

shipwrecked near Sicily.

Eomani navium
sit,

M. Aemilio Paulo Ser. Fulvio Nobiliore consulibus ambo consules ad Africam profecti sunt cum trecentarum
classe.

Primum Afros

navali certamine superant.

20 Aemilius consul centum et quattuor naves hostium demer-

triginta

cum pugnatoribus

cepit,

quindecim milia ho-

stium aut occidit aut cepit, militem suum ingenti praeda

ditavit.

Et subacta Africa -tunc

diutius

fuisset, nisi

fames erat ut
25

exercitus

exspectare

quod tanta non posset.

Consules

cum

victrici classe

redeuntes circa Siciliam nau-

fragium pass! sunt.

Et tanta tempestas fuit ut ex quadringentls sexaginta quattuor navibus tantum octoginta servarl
potuerint;

neque

tillo

tempore tanta maritima tempestas

statim ducentas navSs reparafuit.

audita
30 v6runt,

est.

Eomani tamen
in aliquo

neque

animus his Infractus

LIBER
23.

II.

25

Cn. Servilius Caepio C.

Sempronms Blaesus consules

cum. ducentis sexagiiita navibus ad Africam profecti sunt.

Aliquot civitates ceperunt.

Praedam ingentem reducentes

naufragium pass! sunt.

5

Itaque

cum

continuae calamitates

Eomanis
liis

displicerent, decrevit senatus ut a maritimis proe-

recederetur et tantum sexaginta nav6s ad praesidium

italiae salvae essent.

Battle of
24.

Panormus, 250

b.c.

L. Caecilio Metello C. Furio Placido consulibus Metel-

lus in Sicilia
10 et

Af rorum ducem cum centum

triginta elephantis

magnis copils venientem

superS,vit, viginti milia

hostium

cecidit,

sex et viginti elephantos cepit, reliquos errantes

per Numidas, quos in auxilium habebat, conlegit et

dedtixit ingenti

Komam

pompa, cum elephantorum numerus omnia

itinera compleret.

Regulus sent
15

to

Rome

to solicit

Peaces 250 b.c.

25.

Post haec mala Karthaginienses Eegulum ducem,

quern ceperant, petiverunt ut

Romam proficisceretur et pacem

senatum
nihil quasi

a Romanis obtingret ac permutationem captivorum faceret.

Ille

Romam cum

venisset, inductus in

Romanus
20

egit dixitque se ex ilia die,^

qua in potestatem

Afrorum venisset, Romanum esse deslsse. Itaque et uxorem a complexu removit et senatui suasit ne pax cum Poenis fieret; illos enim fractos tot casibus sj^em nullam habere se tanti ^ non esse, ut tot mIlia captivorum propter unum se et senem et paucos, qui ex Romanis capti ^ fuerant,
;

M. 205 A. & G. 227 G. 340 B. 187, II, . M. 55, 1 A. & G. 73 G. 64 B. 53. H. 404 M. 224 A. & G. 252, a G. 380 B. 203, 3. H. 624, 2, 2 M. 392, n. 3 A, & G. 336, d G. 628, r. a
H. 385, H. 123
I
;

B. 314,

3.

26
redderentur.

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Itaque obtinuit.

Nam

Afros pacem petentgs

ntillus admisit.

Ipse Karthaginem rediit, offerentibusque

Romanis ut eum Romae tenerent, negavit se in ea iirbe in qua, postquam Afris servierat, dignitatem honesti civis habere non posset. Regressiis igitur ad Africam omnibus suppliciis exstinctus est.

mansurum

Puhlius Claudius defeated near Drepana, 249

26.

b.c.

P. Claudio

Pulchro L. lunio consulibus Claudius

est.

contra auspicia pugnavit et a Karthaginiensibus victus

Nam
10

ex ducentis et viginti navibus

cum

triginta fugit,

nonaginta

cum

ptignatoribus captae sunt, demersae ceterae.

Alius quoque consul naufragio classem amisit, exercitum

tamen salvum habuit, quia vicina

Battle of Lilybaeum,

litora erant.

242

b.c.

Battle of the Aegates Islands

the

and End of
27. C. Lutatio Catulo A.
belli
15

War, 241

b.c.

Postumio Albino consulibus, anno

Punici vicesimo et tertio Catulo bellum contra Afros

est.

commissum
Siciliara
;

Profectus est

cum

trecentis navibus in

Afrl contra ipsum quadringentas

in marl tantis copiis

paraverunt.

Numquam
Catulus

pugnatum

est.

Lutatius

navem aeger

ascendit; vulneratus enim in

pugna

superiore fuerat.
20

Contra Lilybaeum, civitatem

Siciliae,

pugnatum

est ingenti virtute

Romanorum.

Nam

Lxin Kar-

thaginiensium iiav6s captae sunt, cxxv demersae, xxxii

milia hostium capta, xiii milia occisa, infinitum aurT, argent!, praedae in potestatem

classe
25

Romana

xii naves demersae.

Romanorum redactum. Ex Pugnatum est vi Idus

qui tenebantur a

Martias.

Statim pacem Karthagini6ns6s petlv6runt tributaCaptlvi

redditi

que est his pax.

Karthaginiensibus

Romanorum
sunt.

Etiam Karthaginifins^s

LIBER m.
petiverunt
iit

27
quos ex Afris

redinii eos captivos liceret

Roman!
lit

tenebant.

Senatus iussit sine pretio eos dari qui

;

in publica custodia essent

qui autem a privatis tenerentur

id

pretio dominls reddito Karthagineni redirent atque

fisco

pretium ex
28.

magis qiiam a Karthaginiensibus solveretur.

Q. Lutatius A. Manlius consules creati bellum Fali-

10

scls intulerunt, quae civitas Italiae opulenta quondam fuit. Quod ambo consules intra sex dies, quam venerant, transegerunt xv milibus hostium caesis, ceteris pace concessa, agro tamen ex medietate sublato.

LIBER TERTIUS
From the End of the First to the End of the Second Punic War, 241-201 b.c.
Finito igitur Punico bello, quod per xxiii annos tra-

1.

ctum

est, Roman! iam clarissima gloria not! legatos ad Ptolemaeum, Aegypt! regem, m!serunt auxilia promittentes, quia

rex Syriae Antiochus bellum

15

e!

intulerat.

Ille

gratias

Roman!s
transacta.

egit, auxilia

non

accepit.

Iam enim
^

fuerat

pugna

Eodem tempore
populo

potentissimus rex Siciliae Hiero

et

Romam
rum
^

venit ad ludos spectandos

ducenta m!lia modio-

tritic!

donum

exhibuit.
the

Sardinia taken by
2.

Romans, 238

b.c.

L. Cornelio Lentulo Fulvio Flacco consulibus, quibus

20

Hiero

Romam

venerat, etiam contra Ligures intra Italiam

et

bellum gestum est

1
: ;

de his triumphatum.
:

Karthaginienses
B. 338, 3
:

H. 542, III 544, 1 M. 291 297 A. H. 396, V M. 223 A. & G. 215, h

;
; ;

&
;

G. 300
;

G. 432

339.

G. 365

B. 203,

2.

28

EUTROPI BREVIARII
tamen bellum reparare temptabant, Sardinignses, qui ex condicione pacis Romanis parere debebant, ad rebellandum impellentes. Venit tamen Romam legatio Karthaginiensium
et

pacem impetravit.
3.

T.

Manlio Torquato
est, et

C.

Atllio Biilco

consiilibns de

Sardis triiimphatum

pace omnibus locis facta

Roman!

nullum bellum liabuerunt, quod his post

semel tantum

Romam

conditam

Numa
War

Pompilio regnante contigerat.

with the IllyrianSf 229 B.C.

4.
10

L. Postumius Albinus Cn. Fulvius

Centumalus consules

bellum contra Illyrios gesserunt et multis civitatibus captis

etiam
reg.es in

deditionem acceperunt.
est.

Ac tum primum ex

Illyriis

triumphatum

Invasion of the Gauls, 225

5.

b.c.

L. Aemilio consule ingentes Gallorum copiae Alpes tran-

sierunt.
15

Sed pro Komanis tota

Fabio historico, qui

Italia consensit, traditum-

que

est a

ei bell6 interfuit,

dccc milia

hominum

parata ad id bellum fuisse.

Sed

res per

consulem
interfecta

tantum prospere gesta est. xl milia hostium sunt et triumphus Aemilio d6cr6tus.
6.

Aliquot delude annis post contra Gallos intra Italiam

est,

20

pugnatum
parva

finitumque bellum M. Claudio Marcello et

Sclpione consulibus.

Cn. Cornelio

Tum

Marcellus

cum^

manu equitum dimicavit et regem Gallorum, Viridomarum nomine, manu sua occidit. Postea cum conlega
ingentes copias Gallorum perSmit,

25

grandem praedam Romam

pertulit.

Mediolanum expugnavit, Ac triumphans Mar-

cellus spolia Galll stipiti imposita umerls suTs vexit.

1

H. 642, III
H. 419,
I
;

M. 291 A. & G. 300 G. 432 B. 338, 3. M. 244 A. & G. 248, a G. 392 B. 222.
;

LIBER
Second Punic
7.

TIL

29

War

begun, 218 b.c.

belluni

M. Minucio Ruf o P. Cornelio consulibus Histris

est,

inlatum
(^uae

quia latvocinati navibus

Romanorum

fuerant,

frumenta exhibebant, perdomitique sunt omnes. Eodem

est per

anno belluni Punicuni secundum Romanis inlatum

5

Hannibalem, Karthaginiensium dueem, qui Saguntum, Hispaniae cTvitatem Romanis^ amicam, oppugnare aggressus

annum agens vicesimum aetatis, copiis congregatis cl milium. Huic Roman! per legates denuntiaverunt ut bello abstineret. Is legatos admittere noluit. Roman! etiam
est,
10

Kartliaginem m!serunt, ut mandaretur Hannibal!^ ne bellum

contra socios popul!

Roman!

gereret.

Dura responsa

Karthaginiensibus data sunt.

sunt,

Sagunt!n! interea fame victi

capt!que

ab Hannibale ultim!s poen!s adficiuntur.

est.

Bellum Karthaginiensibus indictum

Hannibal
15
8.

crosses the Alps.

Tum

P. Cornelius Sclpio

cum

exercitu in

Hispaniam
relicto

profectus
in

est, Ti.

Sempronius in Siciliam.

Hannibal
transiit.

Hispania fratre Hasdrubale Pyrenaeum

ea parte ^ invias, sibi patefecit.
m!lia peditum,

Alpes,

adlific

Traditur ad Italiam
et

Lxxx
20

x m!lia equitum, septem

xxx

ele-

phantos adduxisse. Interea mult! Ligures et Gall! Hannibal!

se conitinxerunt.

Sempronius Gracchus cognito ad Italiam

traiecit.

Hannibalis adventu ex Sicilia exercitum Ariminum

Battle of the Trebia,
9.

218

b.c.

Battle of Traswnenus, 217 b.c.

P. Cornelius Scipio Hannibal!

pr!mus

occurrit.

Com-

misso proelio, fugatis su!s ipse vulneratus

1
; ; ;

in castra rediit.

2
8

H. 391, I M. 214 A. & G. 234, a G. 359 B. 192, 1. H. 384, 5 M. 205, n.; A. & G. 230 G. 217 B. 187, II, h. H. 425, II, 2 M. 241, 3 A. & G. 258,/, 2 G. 385, n. 1 B. 228,
;
;

1, h.

30

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Sempronius Gracchus
Is quoque
vincitur.
et ipse confllgit

apud Trebiam amnem.

Hannibal! multi se in Italia dediderunt.

Inde ad Tusciam veniens Hannibal Flaminio consul! occur-

Ipsum Flaminium interemit; Romanorum ixv m!lia Missus adversus Hannibalem postea a Romanis Q. Fabius Maximus. Is eum differendo
rit.

caesa sunt, c6terl diffuggrunt.

ptignam ab impetu

fregit,

mox

inventa occasione

vicit.

Battle of Cannae, 216 b.c.

10.

Quingentesimo

et

quadragesimo anno a condita urbe

L. Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varro contra

10

Hannibalem

mittuntur Fabioque succedunt, qu! abiens ambo consules

monuit ut Hannibalem, callidum

et

impatientem ducem,

non

aliter vincerent

quani proelium differendo.^

Verum

cum
suls
15 turn

impatientia Varronis consulis contradicente altero con-

apud vicum, qui Cannae appellatur, in Apulia pugnaIn ea esset, ambo consules ab Hannibale vincuntur.
tria milia

pugna

Af rorum pereunt

magna pars de
enim
in

exercitu

Hannibalis sauciatur.

Nullo tamen proelio Punico bello

Periit

Roman!
20

gravius accept! sunt.

eo consul

Aemilius Paulus, consulares aut praetori! xx, senatores capt!

aut occisi xxx, nobiles viri ccc, militum xl nnlia, equitum
III

m!lia et quingenti.
pacis

In quibus mal!s nemo tamen RomaServ!,

norum

mentionem habere d!gnatus est. numquam ante, manumiss! et m!lites fact! sunt.

quod

War
11.
25

in Spain,

218

b.c.

Post earn pugnam multae Italiae c!vitat6s, quae Ros6

manis paruerant,

ad Hannibalem transtul6runt.

Hannibal

Romanis obtulit ut captivos redimerent, responsumque est a

1

H. 542, IV, (1); M. 292

A.

&

G. 301,

G. 431

B. 338, 4, a.

LIBER

III.

31

senatu eos cives non esse necessarios qui,

capi potuissent.
Ille

cum

armati essent,

omnes postea varils supplicils interfecit et tres modios anulorum aureorum Karthaginem mlsit, quos ex manibus equitum Roinanorum, senatorum et militurn detraxerat.

Interea in Hispania, ubi frater Hannibalis

Hasdrubal remanserat cum magno exercitu, ut earn totam

Afris^ subigeret, a duobus. Scipionibus, Romanis ducibus,
vincitur.

Perdit in pugna

capiuntur
10

milia, occiduntur

xxxv milia hominum ex his xxv milia. Mittuntur ei a

;

Karthaginiensibus ad reparandas vires xii milia peditum,

IV milia equitum,

xx

elephant!.

Battle near Nola, 215 b.c.

12. Anno quarto postquam ad Italiam Hannibal venit, M. Claudius Marcellus consul apud Nolam, civitatem CampaHannibal multas niae, contra Hannibalem bene pugnavit.
15 civitates

Romanorum

per Apuliam, Calabriam, Bruttios occu-

Quo tempore etiam rex Macedoniae Philippus ad eum legates mlsit, promittens auxilia contra Komanos sub hac condicione, ut deletis Romanls ipse quoqiie contra Graecos
pavit.

ab Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captis igitur legatls PhilippI

20 et re

cognita

RomanI

Ire iusserunt, in Sardiniam T.

sulem.

Nam
Ita

Macedoniam M. Valerium Laevinum Manlium Torquatum proconetiam ea sollicitata ab Hannibale Romanes

in
locis

deseruerat.
13.
25

uno tempore quattuor

pugnabatur

in Italia

contra Hannibalem, in Hispaniis contra fratrem eius Hasdru-

balem, in Macedonia contra Philippum, in Sardinia contra

Sardos et alterum Hasdrubalem Karthaginiensem.

Is a

T. Manlio proconsule, qui ad Sardiniam missus fuerat, vivus

1

H. 384,

II, 1, 2);

M. 208

A.

&

G. 235

G. 350, 2

B. 188,

1.

32
est

EUTROPI BREVIARII
captus,
occlsa

duodecim

milia,

capti

cum

eo

miUe

qumgenti, et a Komanis Sardinia subacta.

captlvos
et

Manlius victor
Interea

Hasdrubalem

Romam

reportavit.

etiam Philippus a Laevlno in Macedonia vincitur et in

5

Hispania ab Sclpionibus Hasdrubal

Hannibalis.

et

Mago,

tertius frater

Campaign
14.
^

in Sicily,

214-210

B.C.

Decimo anno postquam Hannibal

in Italiam venerat,

P. Sulpicio Cn. Fulvio consulibiis Hannibal usque ad quar-

tum miliarium
10

urbis accessit, equites eius usque ad portam.

exercitti

Mox consulum^ cum

ad Campaniam
drubale

venientium metu^ Hannibal

per multos annos victores

se recepit.

In Hispania a fratre eius Hasqui

ambo

Scipiones,

fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus

tamen integer mansit

est,

casu

enini magis erant

15

quam

virttite deceptl.

Quo tempore etiam

a consule Marcello Siciliae magna pars capta

tenere Afri coeperant,
et

quam

nobilissima

urbs Syracusana;

praeda ingens

Romam
et multis

perlata est.

Laevlnus in Macedonia

cum Philippo
amicitiam
20

Graeciae populis et r6ge Asiae Attalo

fecit, et

ad Siciliam profectus Hannonem quen-

dam, Afrorum ducem, apud Agrigentum civitatem cum ipso

oppido c6pit eumque

Romam cum captivis nobilissimis misit.

;

XL civitates in deditionem accepit, xxvi expugnavit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est ingenti gloria * Romam regressus Hannibal in Italia Cn. Fulvium consulem subito est.
25

aggressus

cum
;

octo milibus

hominum
1
;

interfgcit.

H. 429

M. 243,
; ;

A. & G. 266,
1
;

G. 393
;

B. 230.
;

8
*

H. 39G, III M. 216, 11. 410 M. 254 A.

J

H. 419, III

A. & G. 217 G. 363, 2 B. 200. & G. 245 G. 408 B. 219. M. 246 A. & G. 248 ; G. 399 ; B. 220.
;

LIBER
War
15. in Spain,

III.

33

210-206

B.C.

Interea ad Hispanias, ubi occisis duobus Scipionibus

nullus
fllius

Romanus dux

erat,

P.

Cornelius Scipio mittitur,

P. Sclpionis, qui ibidem bellum gesserat, annos natiis

quattuor et viginti, vir

5 et

Romanorum omnium
Is

et sua aetate

Karthaginem Hispaniae capit, in qua omne aurum, argentum et belli apparatum Afrl habebant, nobilissimos quoque obsides, quos ab Hiposteriore tempore fere primus.

spanis acceperant.

Magonem

etiam, fratrem Hannibalis,

aliis niittit.

ibidem
10

capit, quern

Romam cum

Romae ^

ingens

Scipio Hispanorum oblaetitia x^ost hunc nuntium fuit. sides parentibus reddidit; quare omnes fere Hispani uno animo ad eum transierunt. Post quae Hasdrubalem, Hannibalis fratrem, victum ^ fugat et praedam maximam capit.

Recapture of TareiUnm, 209

16.

b.c.

Interea in Italia consul Q. Fabius

in

Maximus Tarentum
erant.

15 recepit,

qua ingentes copiae Hannibalis

Ibi etiam

ducem Hannibalis Carthalonem occidit, xxv milia liominum captivorum vendidit, praedam militibus dispertivit, pecuniam liominum venditorum ad fiscum rettulit. Turn multae civitates Romanorum, quae ad Hannibalem transierant
20 prius,

rursus se Fabio

Maximo
lxx
est. est.

dediderunt.

Insequenti

anno Scipio in Hispania egregias res

fratrem suum L. Scipionem
Italia
;

egit et per se et per

civitates receperunt.

In

tamen male pugnatum

Nam

Claudius Marcellus

consul ab Hannibale occisus

25

17.
f uerat,

Tertio anno postquam Scipio ad Hispanias profectus

rursus res inclitas gerit.

A.
A. 3

Regem Hispaniarum magno

c,

H. 425, II; M. 242, 1 H. 549, 5 M. 281, 4 HAZ. EUTROPIUS

;

&

G. 258,

G. 411

B. 232,
1,

1.

&

G. 292,

r.;

G. 664, r.

B. 337,

2.

34

EUTROPI BREVIARII
proelio victum in aniicitiam accepit et primus
victo obsides

omnium a

non

poposcit.

Battle of Metaurus, 207 B.C.

18.

Desperans Hannibal Hispanias contra Scipionem diu-

tius posse retineri, fratrem

5

cum omnibus
et

copiis

suum Hasdrubalem ad Italiam evocavit. Is, veniens eodem itinere quo

^

etiam Hannibal venerat, a consulibus Ap. Claudio Nerone

insidias compositas incidit.

M. Livio Salinatore apud Senam, PicenI civitatem, in Strenue tamen ptignans occisus
sunt,

est; ingentes eius copiae captae aut interfectae

10

ma-

gnum pondus auri atque argenti Romam relatum est. Post haec Hannibal diffldere iam de belli coepit eventu. Romanls ingens

animus accessit; itaque

et ipsi

evocaverunt ex
ingenti

Hispania P. Cornelium Scipionem.

gloria venit.
15

Is

Romam cum
omnes

19.

Q. Caecilio L. Valerio consulibus

civitates,

quae

in Bruttils ab Hannibale tenebantur, Romanis se tradiderunt.

Scipio crosses into Africa, 204

20.

b.c.

Anno quarto decimo posteaquam

Africam missus.
Cui

in Italiam

Hannibal

venerat, Scipio, qui multa bene in Hispania egerat, consul

est factus et in
20
viro'^

divlnum quid-

dam

inesse exlstimabatur, adeo ut putaretur etiam

Is in Africa contra

cum

nu-

minibus habere sermonem.

Hannonem,
Se-

ducem Afrorum, pugnat; exercitum

eius

interficit.

cundo proelio castra capit cum quattuor mllibus et qulngentls mllitibus, xi mllibus occlsls. Syphacem, Numidiae
25

rggem, qui s6 Afris coniunxerat, capit et castra eius invadit.

Syphax cum
1

nobilissimis

Numidis

et infinltis spoliis

Romam
9.

H. 420, 1, 3); M. 247, 1 A. & G. 258, g\ G. 401 B. 218, H. 386 ; M. 212, n. 1 A. & G. 228 G. 347 B. 187, III.
;

LIBER
a
ScTpione
mittitur.

III.

35
omnis fere
Italia

Qua

re

audita

Hannibalem deserit. Ipse a Karthaginiensibus Africam iubetur, quam Scipio vastabat.

Efforts for Peace.
21.
5 est.

redire in

Ita

anno

se

timo decimo ab Hannibale Italia liberata

Legati Karthaginiensium paceni a Scipione petlverunt

ab eo ad senatum

Romam

missi sunt.

Quadraginta
ire

et qulnet

que diebus his

accepta sunt,
10

indtitiae datae sunt,

quousque

Romam

regredl possent^;

et triginta milia

pondo argent! ab his

his

Senatus ex arbitrio Scipionis pacem iussit

fieri.

cum Karthaginiensibus dedit ne amplius quam

:

Scipio

condicionibus

triginta naves haberent,^ ut quin-

genta milia pondo argenti darent,^ captivos et perfiigas

redderent.^
22.
15 est,

Interim Hannibale veniente ad Africam pax turbata

Legati tamen eorum

multa hostilia ab Afris facta sunt.

ex urbe venientes a Romanis capti sunt, sed iubente Scipione

dimissi.

Hannibal quoque frequentibus

proeliis victus a

Scipione petit etiain ipse pacem.

Cum ventum

esset ad

conloquium, isdem condicionibus data est

20 additis

quibus prius,

quingentis milibus pondo argenti centum milibus

librarum propter novam perfidiam.

diciones displicuerunt iusseruntque

Karthaginiensibus con-

Inf ertur a Scipione et Masinissa, alio rege

amicitiam
25

cum

Scipione fecerat,

Hannibalem pugnare. Numidarum, qui Karthagini bellum. Hantotum

nibal tres exploratores ad Scipionis castra misit, quos captos

Scipio circumdtici per castra iussit ostendique his

exercitum,

mox

etiam prandium dari dimittique, ut rentin-

tiarent Hannibali quae

1

apud Romanes
;

vidissent.
;

H. 519, H. 523,

II,

III,

M. 354 A. & G. 328 and footnote 4 M. 393

;

G. 572

B. 293,
;

III, 2.
;

A.

&

G. 339

G. 652

B. 316.

36

EUTROPI BREVIARII
BatUe of Zamay 202
b.c.

End
201

of the Second Punic War,

B.C.

23. Interea proelium ab utroque duce instructum est, quale

vix

tilla

memoria

fuit,

cum

peritissimi viri copias suas ad

belluin educerent.

Scipio victor recedit paene ipso Hauniequitibus, deinde

bale capto, qui

T)

primum cum multis

cum

viginti,

postremo cum quattuor

evasit.

Inventa in castrls

Hannibalis argent! pondo viginti nulla, aurl octoginta, cetera

supellectilis copiosa.

Post id certamen pax cum KarthaScipio

giniensibus facta

est.

Romam

rediit,

ingenti gloria
est.

triumphavit atque Africanus ex eo appellari coeptus

10

Finem accepit secundum Punieum bellum nonum decimum (piam coeperat.

post

annum

LIBER QUARTUS
From the End of the Second Punic
OF THE

War

to the
b.c.

End

War

with Jugurtha, 201-106

200-196

Second Macedonian
1.

TFar,

b.c.

Transacto Pilnico bello seciitum est

Macedonicum contra

15

Philippum rggem quingentesimO quinquaggsimo et primo anno ab urbe condita. T. Quintius Flamininus adversum Philippum rggem missus rem prospers gessit. Pax el data
2.

est his Iggibus

n6 Graeciae civitatibus, quas Roman! contra

eum

defeiiderant,^ bellum inferret, ut captivos et transfugas

redderet, quinquaginta solas nav6s habere t, reliquas

Ro-

20

manis dederet, per annos^ decem quaterna milia pondo argent! praestaret et obsidem daret f ilium suum Dem6trium.
1

H. 624, H. 379,

2, 2
1
;

M. 392, n. 3 A. & G. 336, d M. 197 A. & G. 266, a G. 336

;
;
;

G. 628, r. a
B. 181,
2.

B. 314,

3.

LIBER
T.

IV.

37

Qulntius etiam Lacedaemoniis intulit bellum.

vicit

Ducem
in

eorum Nabidem
fidem accepit.

et

quibus

voliiit

condicionibus
;

Ingenti gloria triumpliavit

duxit ante cur-

rum nobilissimos obsides, Demetrium, Armenen Nabidis.

PhilippI filium, et

Syvo-Aetolian War, 192-189

3.

b.c.

Transacto bello Macedonico seciitum est ^yriacum con-

10

Antiochum regem P. Cornelio Sclpione M. Acilio Glabrione Huic Antiocho Hannibal se iunxerat, Karthaconsulibus. ginem, patriam suani, metu ne Eomanis traderetur/ relinquens. M. Acilius Glabrio in Achaea bene pugnavit. Castra
tra

regis Antiochi nocturna pilgna capta

sunt, ipse

fugatus.

Philippo, quia contra

filius
4.
15

Antiochum Komanis ^
est.

fuisset auxilio,^

Demetrius redditus

L. Cornelio Sclpione et C. Laelio consulibus^ Sclpio

Africanus fratri suo L. Cornelio Sclpioni consull legatus

datus contra Antiochum profectus
est.

Hannibal, qui
est.

cum

Antiocho

erat,

naval!

proelio

victus

Ipse postea

Antiochus circa Sipylum apud Magnesiam, Asiae civitatem,

a consule Cornelio
20

Sclpione ingenti
in ea

proelio^

fusus

est.

Auxilio fuit
frater, qui

Eomanis

pugna Eumenes, Attall

regis

Eumeniam

in Phrygia condidit.

Quinquaginta

milia peditum, tria equitum eo certamine ex parte regis

occisa sunt.

Turn rex pacem

petit.

Isdem condicionibus

data est a senatti,

25

quamquam

victo,

quibus ante offerebatur

ut ex Europa et Asia recederet atque intra Tauruni se contineret,

decem milia talentorum

; ;

et vlginti

obsides prae-

H. 498, III

2
3 *

H. 390,

H. 431, 4 H. 425, II,

;

M. 336 A. & G. 331, /; G. 550, 2 B. 296, 2. M. 206 A. & G. 233, a G. 356 B. 191, 2, a. M. 255, 1 A. & G. 255, d, 1 G. 409 B. 227, 2, a. A. & G. 259, a G. 389 B. 218, 1, 1); M. 240, 2
;

7.

88
beret,

EUTROPI BREVIARll
Hannibalem, concitatorem
belli,

dederet.

Eumeni

regl

donatae sunt a senatu omnes Asiae civitates, quas

et

Antiochus bello perdiderat,

Rhodils, qui auxilium Rotulerant,

manis
5

contra

regem Antiochum
Scipio

multae

urbes
trium-

concessae sunt.
phavit.
accepit,

Romam

rediit, ingenti gloria

Nonien

et ipse

ad imitationem
sicutl

fratris Asiagenis

quia Asiam vicerat,

^

f rater

ipsius

propter

Africam domitam
6.

Africanus appellabatur.

Sp. Postumio Albino Q. Marcio Philippe consulibus

10

M. Fulvius de Aetolis triumphavit. Hannibal, qui, victo Antiocho, ne Romanis traderetur ad Prusiam, Bithyniae regem, fugerat, repetitus etiam ab eo est per T. Quintium
Flaminlnum.
bibit et

Et cum tradendus^ Romanis

in finibus

esset,

veneiium

apud Libyssam

Nicomedensium sepultus
b.c.

15 est.

Third Macedonian War, 176-168

6.

Philippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, qui et adversum

gesserat et postea
tulerat, filius

Romanos bellum chum auxilium

20 res

eius

Eomanls contra AntioPerseus in Macedonia

rebellavit ingentibus copils ad bellum paratis.

Nam adiiitoIllyrici,

habebat Cotyn, Thraciae regem, et regem

nomine.^

Gen-

tium

liomanis autem auxilio erant Eumenes,

Asiae r6x, Ariaratus Cappadociae, Antiochus Syriae, Ptole-

maeus Aegypti, Masinissa Numidiae. Prusias autem Bithyniae, quamquam sororem Persei uxorem haberet, utrisque
26 se

aequum

praebuit.

Dux Romanorum

P. Licinius consul

contra Perseum missus est et a rege gravi proelio victus.

Neque tamen Romani, quamquam superati, regi pacem praestare volu6runt, nisi his condicionibus
1

petenti
:

ut

s6
5.

H. 649,
H. 466,

5, N.

M. 286
296,
;

A.

&

G. 292, a
;

G. 325,
;

r.

B. 337,
7, 6, 1.

2 8

N.
;

M.

A.

&

G. 294, b
;

G. 251
;

B. 337,

H. 424

M.

238, 1

A.

&

G. 263

G. 397

B. 226.

LIBER
et suos senatui et populo

IV.

39

Komaiio dederet.^

Mox

missus

contra

eum

L. Aemilius Paulus consul et in Illyricum C.

Anicius praetor contra Gentium.

proelio victus
5 filii, frater

Sed Gentius
et

facile

uno

mox

se dedidit.

Mater eius

uxor

et

duo

quoque simul in potestatem Komanorum vene-

runt.

Ita bello intra

xxx

dies perfecto ante cognitum est

Gentium victum quam coeptum bellum nuntiaretur.

Battle of
7.

Pydna, 168

b.c.
iii

Cum

Perseo autem Aemilius Paulus consul

Equitatus cum rege integer

Nonas

Septembres dimicavit vicitque eum viginti mllibus peditum

10

eius occisis.

fugit.

E-omanorum

Urbes Macedoniae omnes, centum milites amissi sunt. ipse rex, cum rex tenuerat, Romanis se dediderunt quas
;

desereretur ab

amicls,

venit in

Paul! potestatem.

Sed

honorem
15

ei

consul non quasi victo habuit.

^

Nam et volentem

ad pedes
locavit.

sibi

cadere non permisit et itixta se in sella conet Illyriis hae leges a Romanis datae dimidium eorum tributorum praestarent/

Macedonibus
^

ut liberi essent

et

quae regibus praestitissent, ut appareret populum

pro aequitate magis
20 ventti

Romanum

quam

avaritia dimicare.

Itaque in con-

legatidnes

mfmitorum populorum Paulus hoc pronuntiavit et multarum gentium, quae ad eum venerant, ma*

gnificentissime convivio pavit, dicens eiusdem hominis

esse

debere et bello vincere et convlvii apparatu elegantem esse.

Revolt in Epirus.
8.

Mox

septuaginta civitates Epiri, quae rebellarant, cepit,

distribuit.

25

praedam mllitibus
1

Romam
G. 235, a
c
;

ingenti
I
;

pompa
B. 295,

rediit
1. 1.

2
3

H. 499, 3 H. 384, 4,

M.
N.

333, 3
;

A.
;

&
A.

G. 331, n.; G. 546,

M. 208
;

&

G. 350,
;

B. 188,
3.

H. 396,

M.

217, 2

A.

&

G. 214,

G. 366

B. 198,

40

EUTROPI BREVIARn
in navi Persei, quae inusitatae magnitudinis
^

fuisse traditur,

adeo ut sedecim ordines dicatur habuisse remorum.

phavit autem magnificentissime in curru aureo
filiis

Trium-

cum duobus
Post eum

utroque latere astantibus.

filii

Ducti sunt ante currum

natus.

duo regis

et ipse Perseus,

xlv annos

etiam Anicius de Illyriis triumphavit.

Gentius cum fratre

10

et filiis ante currum ductus est. Ad hoc spectaculum reges multarum gentium Romam venerunt, inter alios etiam Attains atque Eumenes, Asiae reges, et Prusias Bitliyniae. Magno honore except! sunt et permittente senatu dona

quae
filium
9.

attulerant in

Capitolio

posuerunt.

Prusias etiam

suum Nicomeden

senatui commendavit.

Insequenti anno L.

Memmius

in Lusitania bene pugessit.

gnavit.

Marcellus postea consul res ibidem prosperas

Third Punic War, 149-146

15

B.C.

10.

Tertium deinde bellum contra Karthaginem suscipi-

tur,

sexcentesimo et altero ab urbe condita anno, L. Manlio

Censorino et M. Manilio consulibus, anno quinquagesimo

prlmo postquam secundum Ptinicum transactum

profecti
20 bal,

erat.

Hi

Karthaginem oppugnaverunt. Contra eos Hasdrudux Karthaginignsium, dimicabat. Famea, dux alius,
Scipio tunc, Scipionis
ibi nulitabat.

equitatuT Karthaginiensium praeerat.

African! nepos, tribunus

inggns metus et reverentia

erat.

Nam

Huius ^ apud omnes et paratissimus ad

Itaque per

dimicandum ^
25

et consultissimus habebatur.

eum

multa a consulibus prospere gesta sunt, neque quicquam

magis vel Hasdrubal vel Pamea vltabant quam contra earn

Romanorum partem committere

1
;

ubi ScipiO dimicaret.

;

H. 396, V M. 222, 224, n.; A. & G. 215 G. 366 B. 203, H. 396, III M. 216, 1 A. & G. 217 G. 363, 2 B. 200. H. 542, III M. 291 A. & G. 300; G. 430 B.*338, 3.
;
;

6.

LIBER
11.

IV.

41

Per idem tempus Masinissa, rex Numidarum, per annos

filiis

sexaginta fere amicus populi E-omani, anno vitae nonage-

simo septimo mortuus quadraginta quattuor

Scipionem divlsorem regni inter
5

relictis

fllios

suos esse iussit.

esset, iuvenis ad-

12.
hilc

Cum

igitur

clarum Scipionis nomen

consul est factus et contra Karthaginem missus.

Is earn

cepit ac diruit.
excidiis
^

Spolia ibi inventa, quae variarum civitatum

et

Karthago conlegerat,

ornamenta urbium

civitati-

bus
10

Siciliae, Italiae,

Africae reddidit, quae sua recognosce-

bant.

Ita Karthago septingentesimo anno,

Sclpio

quam

condita

erat, deleta est.

nomen quod avus

eius acceperat

meruit, scilicet ut propter virtutem etiam ipse Africanus

iimior vocaretur.
13.
15

Interim in Macedonia quidam Pseudophilippus arma

movit et

Komanum

praetorem P. luventium contra se misvicit.

sum ad internecionem
lus

Post eum Q. Caecilius Metel-

dux a RomanTs contra Pseudophilippum missus est et XXV milibus eius occlsis Macedonian! recepit, ipsum etiam Pseudophilippum in potestatem suam redegit.

Destruction of Corinth, 146 b.c.

20

14.

CorinthiTs quoque bellum indictum est, nobilissimae

civitati,

Graeciae

propter iniuriam legatorum

Romanorum.

Hanc Mummius

consul cepit et diruit.

Tres igitur

Eomae

simul celeberrimi triumph! fu6runt: African! ex Africa,

ante cuius currum ductus est Hasdrubal, Metell! ex Mace25

donia, cuius currum praecessit Andriscus, !dem qu! et Pseu-

dophilippus,

Mumm!

ex Corintho, ante

quem

s!gna aenea et

pictae tabulae et alia urbis clarissimae

sunt.
1

ornamenta praelata

H. 415

M. 234

A.

&

G. 244

G. 395

B. 215.

42
15.

EUTROPl BREVIARII
Iterum in Macedonia Pseudoperses, qui se Persei
dicebat,
fi-

lium esse

conlectis

servitiis

rebellavit

et,

cum

sedecim mllia armatorum haberet, a Tremellio quaestore

superatus
est.

Celtiberian War,
5

154

b.c.

16.

Eodein tempore Metellus in Celtiberia apud Hispanos

Successit ei Q. Pompeius.

res egregias gessit.

Nee multo
est,

post Q. quoque Caepio ad idem bellum missus

quod

quidam Viriathus contra Romanos

in

Lusitania gerebat.

Quo
10

metti Viriathus a suis interfectus est,

cum

quattuorde-

cim annis Hispanias adversus Romanos movisset. primo

fuit,

Pastor

mox latronum

dux, postremo tantos ad bellum

populos concitavit ut ads'ertor contra Romanos Hispaniae

putaretur.

Et cum interfectores eius praemium a Caepione consule peterent, responsum est numquam Romanis placuimperatores a suis militibus
interficT.

15 isse

Ca2?ture of
17.

Numantia, 133

b.c.

Q.

Pompeius deinde consul a Numantlnis, quae Hispa^

niae civitas fuit opulentissima, superatus

fecit.

pacem ignobilem

Post

eum

C. Hostllius
fecit

Manclnus consul iterum cum

hostibus tradi, ut in

Numantinis pacem
20 iussit infringi
illo,

infamem, qiiam populus et senatus

atque ipsum

Mancinum

quem auctorem
^

foederis

habebant,

iniuriam

soltiti

foederis

vindicarent.

Post tantam igitur ignominiam, qua

a Numantinis bis Roman! exercittis fuerant subiugati, P.

Sclpio Africanus secundo consul factus et ad
25

Numantiam
exer-

missus
1

est.

Is

primum militem vitiosum

;

et

ignavum

2 8

H. 417, 2 M. 248 A. & G. 250 G. 403 B. 223. H. 549, 5 M. 281, 4 A. & G. 292, r. G. 064, it. 1 B. 337, H. 396, III M. 216, 1 A. & G. 217 G. 363, 2 B. 200.
;

2.

LIBER

IV.

43

cendo magis quain puniendo sine aliqua acerbitate correxit,

turn

multas Hispaniae civitates partim

cepit,

partim in
diu obses-

deditionem accepit, postremo ipsam

Numantiam

sam fame
5

confecit et a solo evertit, reliquam provinciam in

iidem accepit.
18.

Eodem tempore
est

Attains, rex Asiae, frater Eumenis,

rellquit.

mortnns
imperio
19.
10

heredemque populum Roman um

Ita

Romano

per testamentum Asia accessit.

Mox

etiam D. lunius Brutus de CallaecTs et Lusitanis

P. Sclpio Africanus de Numantmis secundum triumphum egit quarto decimo anno postquam priorem de Africa egerat.
gloria triumphavit et

magna

War
20.

ivith Aristo7iicus,

131

b.c.

Motum interim
Attali fuerat.

in Asia bellum est ab Aristonico,

nis filio, qui ex concublna susceptus fuerat.

15

EumeHic Eumenes
et

frater

Adversus eum missus P. Licinius

Crassus infinita regum habuit auxilia.

rex Nicomedes

Nam

Bithyniae

Romanos

itivit et

Mithradates Ponticus,
fuit,

cum

quo bellum postea gravissimum

dox
20 et

et Ariaratus

Cappa-

et

Pylaemenes Paphlagon.
proelio
est,

Victus est tamen Crassus

in

interfectus

est.

Caput ipsius Aristonico

Postea Perperna,

oblatum

corpus Smyrnae sepultum.

consul Romanus, qui successor Crasso veniebat, audita belli

fortiina

ad Asiam celeravit et acie victum Aristonicum apud

StratonTcen civitatem, quo confugerat, fame ad deditionem

25

compulit.

Aristoniciis iussu^
est.

senatus

Romae

in carcere

strangulatus

Triumphari enim de eo non poterat, quia

Perperna apud Pergamum

Romam
^

rediens diem obierat.

21. L. Caecilio Metello et T. Quintio

Flaminlno consulibus
est,

Karthago
1

in Africa iussii

senatus reparata
n. 1

quae nunc
2.

H. 416

M. 238

A.

&

G. 253, n.; G. 408,

B. 219,

44
luanet, annis

EUTROPl BREVIARII
duobus
et vlginti

postquam a Scipione fuerat

eversa.

DeductI sunt eo cives Eoinani.

War
22.

with Transalpine Gauls, 125-121 b.c.

Anno sexcentesimo
Longinus
et

vicesimo septimo ab urbe condita

C. Cassiiis
5

Sex. Domitius Calvinus consules

Gallis transalpinis belliim intulerunt et

Arvernorum tunc

nobilissimae civitatl atque eorum duci Bituito, inflnitam-

que multitudinem iuxta Ehodanum fluvium interfecerunt.

Praeda ex torquibus Gallorum ingens

Bitultus se DoHiitio dedit atque ab eo
10

Romam perlata Romam deductus

est.

est,

magnaque gloria consules ainbo triumphaverunt. 23. M. Porcio Catone 6t Q. Marcio Rege consulibus
in Gallia colonia deducta est

sex-

centesimo tricesimo et tertio anno ab urbe condita Narbone

annoque post a L. Caecilio

tri-

Metello et Q. Mucio Scaevola consulibus de Dalmatia

15

umphatum
24.

est.

Ab

urbe condita anno sexcentesimo tricesimo quinto

C.

Cato consul Scordiscis intulit bellum ignominioseque

C. Caecilio Metello

ptignavit.
et Cn. Carbone consulibus duo eodem die, alterum ex Sardinia, alterum ex Thracia, triumphum egerunt, ntintiatumque Romae est

25.

20 Metelli fratres

Cimbros

e Gallia in Italiam transisse.

War
26.

vjith

Jugurtha, 111-104

b.c.

P. Scipione Nasica et L. Calpurnio B^stia consulibus

lugurthae,
25

Numidarum
RomanI
II
;

regi,

bellum inlatum

est,

quod Adreges

herbalem
et populi
1

et

Hiempsalem, Micipsae

filios, fratres suos,

amicos, interemisset.^
A.

Missus adversum
;

H. 616,

M. 357

&

G. 321

G. 541

B. 286,

1.

LIBER
eum

IV.

45
pecunia,

consul Calpurnius Bestia, corruptus regis

pacem cum eo flagitiosissimam fecit, quae a senatu improbata Postea contra eundem insequenti anno Sp. Postumius est. Albinus profectus est. Is quoque per fratrem ignominiose
6

contra
27.

Numidas

pugnavit.
Is

Tertio missus est Q. Caecilius Metellus consul.

exercitum a prioribus ducibus corruptum ingenti severitate

et

moderatione

cum

nihil in

quemquam cruentum

faceret/

ad disciplTnam
10 vicit,

Romanam

reduxit.

lugurtliam variis proeliis

elephantos eius occidit vel cepit, multas civitates ipsius

in deditionem accepit.
esset,

Et cum iam
a C. Mario.

mem
Is

bello

positurus
et Boc-

successum

est'^ el

lugurtham

chum, Mauretaniae regem, qui auxilium lugurthae ferre

coeperat, pariter superavit.
15

Aliquanta et ipse oppida Nu-

midiae cepit belloque terminum posuit capto lugurtha per

quaestorem suum Corn6lium Sullam, ingentem virum,

dente Boccho lugurtham.

tra-

M. lunio

Silano,

conlega

Q. Metelli, Cimbri in Gallia victi sunt et a

Minucio Rufo in
Caepione in

Macedonia Scordisci
20

et Triballi, et a Servilio

Hispania Lilsitanl subacti.

lugurtha,

Act! sunt et

duo triumphi de
ductus

primus

per

Metellum, secundus per Marium.

fllils

Ante currum tamen Marl lugurtha cum duobus

est catenatus
et

mox

iussu consulis

in

carcere

strangu-

latus est.

H. 615, III M. 378, 6 A. & G. 313, d G. 587 B. 309, 3. H. 521, II, 2 466, n. M. 348 98, 1 A. & G. 325 293, a G. 585 247 B. 288 115. 8 H. 301, 1 M. 145, 3 A. & G. 230 G. 208, 2 B. 187, II, b.
1
;

46

EUTROPI BREVIARII

LIBER QUINTUS
From the End of the War with Jugurtha to the End of the First Civil War, 106-81 b.c.

War
1.

ivith the

Cimbri and Teutones, 105-101

of Aquae Sextiae, 102
b.c.

b.c.

Battle

Dum

bellum in Numidia contra lugurtham

geritur,*

Romani

consules M. Manlius et Q. Caepio a Cimbris et

Teutonibus et Tugurlnis et Ambronibus, quae erant Ger-

manorum et Gallorum gentes, victi danum ingenti internecione etiam

;

sunt iuxta flumen Rhocastra sua et

magnam
fuit,

partem exercitus perdiderunt.

venirent.^

Timor Romae grandis

quantus vix Hannibalis tempore ne iterum Galll

Romam
se-

Ergo Marius post victoriam lugurthinam

est factus,
est.

cundo consul
10

bellumque

ei

contra Oimbros et
ei et

Teutonas decretum

Tertio quoque

quarto delatus

est consulatus, quia bellum

in

Cimbricum protrahebatur. Sed quarto consulatu conlegam habuit Q. Lutatium Catulum.

Cimbris itaque conflixit et duobus proeliis cc milia
cecidit,

Cum
15

hostium

lxxx

mIlia cepit et

ducem eorum Teutoboest factus.

dum, propter quod meritum absens quinto consul

Battle of Vercellae, 101 b.c
2.

Interea Cimbri et Teutones,

quorum copia adhuc inf inlta

C.

erat,

ad Italiam transierunt.
est,

Iterum a

Mario

et Q. Catulo

contra eos dimicatum

proelio,
20 aut in
1

sed a Catuli parte felicius.

in

Nam
pugna

quod simul ambo gess6runt, cxl milia aut

fuga caesa sunt, lx milia capta.

; ; ;

Romani
;

milites ex
I.

H. 467, III, 4 M. 352 A. & G. 27C, 3 G. 570 B. 293, H. 498, III M. 336 A. & G. 331, /; G. 650 ; B. 296, 2.
;

LIBER

V.

47
Tria et
trigiiita

utroque exercitu trecenti perieruiit.

bris
vit,
^

Cim-

signa sublata sunt

ex his exercitus Mari duo reportaIs belli finis fuit;

Catuli exercitus xxxi.

est.

triumphus

utrlque decretus

Social War, 90-88 b.c.

5
3.

Sex. Iiilio Caesare et L. Marcio Philippo consulibus sex-

ceiitesiiiio

quinquagesiino nono anno ab urbe condita,

cum

prope alia omnia bella cessarent, in Italia gravissimum

bellum Picentes, Marsi Paellgnique moverunt, qui, cum annis

numerosis iam populo
10 sibi^

Romano

oboedirent, turn libertatem

aequam adserere coeperunt.

fuit.

Perniciosum

admodum
Duces

hoc bellum
pio,

P. Rutilius consul in eo occisus est, Cae-

nobilis iuvenis,

Porcius Cato, alius consul.

et

autem adversus Romanos Picentibus^

15

Marsis fuerunt

T. Vettius, Hierius Asinius, T. Herennius, A. Cluentius.

Romanis bene contra

eos

pugnatum

est a C. Mario, qui

sexies consul fuerat, et a Cn. Pompeio,

maxime tamen a

L. Cornelio Sulla, qui inter alia egregia ita Cluentium, ho-

stium ducem,
amitteret.^
20

Quadriennio
est.

cum magnis copiis fudit ut ex suls^ unum cum gravl tamen calamitate hoc
Quinto

bellum tractum

demum anno
cum

finem accepit per

L. Cornelium Sullam consulem,

antea in eodem bello

ipse multa strenue, sed praetor, egisset.

First Mithradatic War, 88-84 b.c.
4. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo sexagesimo secundo primum Romae bellum civile commotum est, eodem anno
1

H. 414

M. 236
II, 2)
;

A.

& &
;

G. 243
;

G. 390, 2
;

B. 214,
;

1, b.

2 8 *

H. 384, H. 387

M. 208
;

A.

&
;

G. 235
;

G. 350, 1
;

B. 188,

1.

M. 212
;

A.

G. 231

G. 349

B. 190.
; ;

H. 397, 3, N. 3 M. 225, n. 2 A. & G. 216, c G. 372, r. 2 B. 201, H. 500, II M. 382, 4 A. & G. 319, 1 G. 552, 1 B. 284, 1.
; ; ;

1, a.

48

EUTROPI BREVIARIT
etiam Mithradaticum.
consul dedit.

Causam

bello civili C.

Marius sexies

Nam cum
^

Sulla consul contra Mithrada-

ten gesttirus
mitteretur,
5

Asiam et Achaeam occupaverat, isque exercitum in Campania paulisper teneret,

bellum, qui

ut belli socialis, de quo diximus, quod intra Italiam gestuni

fuerat, reliquiae tollerentur,

Marius adfectavit ut ipse ad

bellum Mithradaticum mitteretur.^

tus

10

Qua re^ Sulla commourbem venit. Illic contra Marium Primus urbem Romam armatus et Sulpicium dimicavit. ingressus est, Sulpicium interfecit, Marium fugavit, atque ita ordinatis consulibus in futurum annum Cn. Octavio et L. Cornglio Cinna ad Asiam profectus est.

cum

exercitu ad

Mithradates invades Asia.

5.

Mithradates enim, qui Ponti r6x erat atque Armenian!

15

Minorem et totum Ponticum mare in circuitu cum Bosporo tengbat, primum Nicomeden, amicum populT Roman!, Bithynia'* voluit

expellere senatuTque mandavit bellum se ei propter

initirias

quas passus f uerat inlatiirum.

est, si id faceret,

A senatu

responsum
et ipse

Mithradati
pateretur.
20

quod bellum a Romanis

Quare iratus Cappadociam statim occupavit

et

ex ea Ariobarzanen, r6gem et amicum populi Romani, fugavit.

Mox

etiam Bithyniam invasit et Paphlagoniam pulsis

regibus,

amicis populi

Bomani, Pylaemene
et per

et

Nicomede.

Inde Ephesum contendit

omnem Asiam

litteras misit

ut ubicumque invent! essent * cives Romani, uno die occide25 rentur.

2
8

* 6

H. H. H. H. H.

549, 3

501, II, 1

M. 283 A. & G. 293, 6, 2 G. 670, 3 B. 337, 4. M. 341, 1 A. & G. 332 G. 553 B. 297, 1.
; ;
;

416
629,

412, II

M. 254 A. & G. 245 G. 408 B. 219. M. 236, 2 A. & G. 258, a G. 391 B. 229, I M. 388 A. & G. 334 G. 467 B. 300, 1.
;

1, a.

LIBER
Sulla takes Athens, 87
6.

V.

49

b.c.

Battle of Chaeronea, 86 b.c.

Interea etiain Athenae, civitas Achaeae, ab Aristone

est.

Atheniensi Mitliradati tradita

Miserat eiiim iam ad

Achaeam Mithradates Archelauiu, ducem simm, cum centum et viginti inilibus e^^uitum ac peditum, per quem etiam
^

reliqua G-raecia occupata

est.

Sulla

Archelaum apud

Pi-

raeum, non

loiige

ab Athenis, obsedit, ipsas Athenas

cepit.

Postea commisso proelio contra Archelaum ita

exercitu xiii tantum homines interficerentur.
10

eum

vicit ut

ex cxx mllibus vix decern Archelao superessent, ex Sullae

Hac pugna
Primo

Mithradates cognita septuaginta milia lectissima ex Asia

Archelao misit, contra quem iterum Sulla commlsit.

proelio quindecim mIlia hostimn

interfecta sunt et filius

Archelai Diogenes; secundo omnes Mithradatis copiae exstinctae

15 latuit.

sunt,

Archelaus ipse triduo nudus in paltidibus

Hac

re audita

Mithradates iussit

cum

Sulla de pace

agl.

Terms of Peace, 84
7.

b.c.

Sulla's Return to Italy, 83 b.c.

Interim eo tempore Sulla etiam Dardanos, Scordiscos,

et

Dalmatas

Maedos partim
aliter se

vIcit, alios

in fidem accSpit.

Sed cum
20 venissent,

legati a

rege Mithradate, qui

p^cem petebant,

non

rex relictis his,

daturum Sulla esse respondit, nisi quae occupaverat, ad regnum suum redisset.

Postea tamen ad conloquium ambo venerunt.

ordinata
est,

Pax

inter eos

ut Sulla ad bellum civile festlnans a tergo

perlculum non haberet.

25

Xam dum

Sulla in Achaea atque

Asia Mithradaten

vincit,^

Marius, qui fugatus erat, et Cor-

nelius Cinna, tinus ex consulibus, bellum in Italia reparaveH. 397, 2 H. 467, 4

HAZ.

M. 225, 1 A. & G. 216, a, 2 G. M. 352 A. & G. 276, 3 G. 570

; ;

:]70

B. 201,
I.

1.

B. 203,

EUTROPIUS

50

EUTROPI BREVIARII
runt et ingressi urbem
sulares
viros

Romam

nobilissimos e senatti et con-

interfecerunt,
filios et

multos proscripserunt, ipsius

SuUae domo eversa

5

uxorem ad fugam compulerunt.

patriae
subvenlret.
Ille

Universus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens. ad Sullam in

Graeciam
italiam
et

venit,

orans

ut

in

traiecit,

bellum

civile gesturus

adversus

Scipionem consules.

dimicavit non longe a Capua. ^

Et primo proelio contra Tunc sex milia eius

Norbanum Norbanum
cecldit,

sex niilia cepit, cxxiv suos amisit.

10 s6

Inde etiam ad Scipionem

convertit et ante

proelium totum eius exercitum sine

sanguine in deditionem accepit.

Battle of Colliiie Gate, 82 B.C.
8.

Sed cum Romae mutati consules

ac

essent, Marius,

Marl

filius,

Papirius

Carbo consulatum accepissent, Sulla

contra
15

Marium
suis

itiniorem dimicavit et
perdidit.
f ilium,

xv milibus

eius occisis
est.

cccc de

Mox

etiam urbem ingressus

Marium, Marl
contra

Praeneste^ persecutus obsedit et ad

mortem compulit.

Rursus piignam

gravissimam habuit

Lamponium

et Carinatem, duces partis Marianae,

ad

portam Collinam.
20

lxx milia hostium

xii milia
se

in eo proelio contra

Sullam fuisse dicuntur.

consumptl sunt.

Sullae dediderunt,

ceteri in acie, in castris, in

fuga insatiabili Ira victorum

Cn. quoque Carbo, consul alter, ab Arlfugit et ibi per Cn.

mino ad Siciliam
est,

queni adulescentem Sulla atque annos

eius

Pompeium interfectus imum et viginti

25

natum cognita
9.
1

industria exercitibus praefecerat, ut

secundus a Sulla haberetur.

Occiso ergo Carbone Siciliam Pompeius recepit.
II, 3, N.;

Transr.
1
;

H. 412,
2.

M.
;

233, 3

A.

&

G. 268, a, n.

G. 391,

B. 292,
2

H. 380, II

M.

199, 1

A.

&

G. 268, 6

G. 337

B. 182,

1, a.

LIBER

VI.

51

gressus inde ad Africam Domitium, Marianae partis ducem,

et

Hiardam, regem Mauretaniae, qui Domitio auxilium

Cn. etiam Pompeius, quod null!

fere-

bat, occidit.

Post haec Sulla de Mithradate ingenti gloria

triumphavit.
5

E/omanorum
bella

tributum

erat,

quartum

et

vicesinium

annum agens de
est, et civile,

Africa triumpliavit.
ftinestissima, Italicum,

Hunc flnem habuerunt duo

quod
et sociale

dictum

quae ambo tracta sunt per annos decern.

ultra CL milia

Constimpserunt

hominum,

virds consulares xxiv, praetorios

10 VII, aedillcios lx,

senatores fere cc.

LIBER SEXTUS
From the End of the First
Civil

War

to the

Assassination of Caesar,

81^4

B.C.

War

with Sertorius^ 78-72 b.c.

i''^

1. M. Aemilio Lepido Q. Catulo consulibus, cum Sulla rem publicam composuisset, bella nova exarserunt, imum in Hispania, aliud in Pamphylia et Cilicia, tertium in Macedonia, quartum in Dalmatia. Nam Sertorius, qui partiuin Marianarum fiierat, timens forttinam ceterorum, qui interempti erant, ad bellum commovit Hispanias. Missi sunt

contra

enm duces

Q. Caecilius

Metellus, fllius

eius

qui

lugurtham regem
20

vicit, et

L. Domitius praetor.
est.

Sertorl

duce Hirtuleio Domitius occisus

Metellus vario suc-

cessu contra Sertorium dimicavit.

Postea

cum impar

pu-

gnae^ solus Metellus putaretur, Cn. Pompeius ad Hispanias

missus

est.

Ita duobus ducibus adversis Sertorius fortuna

varia saepe ptignavit.

1

Octavo
;

demum anno
;

per suos occisus

B. 192,
1.

H. 391,

M. 214

A.

&

G. 234, a

G. 359

52

EUTROPI BKEVIAKII
est, et finis ei bello

et

Q. Metellum

dicioneni populi
2.

datus per Cn. Pompeium adulescentem Pium atque omnes prope Hispaniae in Komani redactae.

Ad

Macedonian! missus est Ap. Claudius post consulaincolebant, atque ibi

5 turn.

Levia proelia habuit contra varias gentes, quae Rho-

dopam provinciam
Missus
Is
el

morbo mortuus

est.

successor C. Scrlbonius Curio post consulatum.

vicit et

Dardanos

usque ad Danuvium penetravit triumtriennium bello finem dedit.

phumque meruit

et intra

War
10
3.

ivith the

Isaunans, 78

b.c.

Ad

Ciliciam et

Pamphyliam missus

est P. Servilius

ex

consule, vir strenuus.

Is Ciliciam subegit,

Lyciae urbes

clarissimas oppugnavit et cepit, in his Phaselida,

Olympum,

Corycum.

Isauros quoque aggressus in dicionem redegit

atque intra triennium bello finem dedit.

15

Primus omnium

Romanorum^ in Tauro iter fecit. accepit et nomen Isaurici meruit.

4.

Eevertens triumphum

Ad Illyricum missus est C. Cosconius pro consule.

Mul-

tam partem Dalmatiae

bello
20
5.

subegit, Salonas cepit et composite

post biennium rediit. Isdem temporibus consul M. Aemilius Lepidus, Catuli conlega, bellum civile voluit commovere, intra unam tamen

Romam

aestatem motus eius oppressus

est.

Ita

uno tempore

inultl

simul triumph! fuerunt, Metelll ex Hispania, Pompel secun-

dus ex Hispania, Curionis ex Macedonia, Servlll ex Isauria.

The Third Mithradatic War, 74-63

25
6.

b.o.

Anno

urbis conditae sexcentesimo septuagesimo sexto

L. Licinio Lucullo et
1

M. Aurelio Cotta consulibus mortuus

;

H. 397, 3

M.

226, 3

A.

& G.

216, a, 2

G. 372

B. 201,

1.

LIBER
est

VI.
et per testameiituin

63

Nlcomedes, rex Bithyniae,

fecit

populum

Romanum
niam
et

heredem.

Mithradates pace rupta Bithyinvadere.

Asiam rursus

voluit

Adversus eum
Cotta apud

ambo
5

consules missi variam habuere fortimani.

acie,

Chalcedona victus ab eo
est
et
obsessiis.

etiam intra oppidum coactiis

Sed cum

se inde

Mithradates Cyzicnm

transtulisset, ut Cyzico capta

totam Asiam invaderet, Lucul-

lus

ei,

alter consul, occurrit.

dione CyzicI commoratur, ipse

10

Ac dum Mithradates in obsieum a tergo obsedit fameque

vicit,

consumpsit

et

multls proeliis

postremo Byzantium,
Kavali quoque

quae nunc Constantinopolis

aestate a Liicullo

est,

fugavit.

proelio duces eius Liicullus oppressit.

Ita

una hieme

et

centum
ivith the

fere milia regis exstlncta sunt.

War
7.
i')

Gladiators, 73-71 b.c.

Anno

urbis

Romae sexcentesimo septuagesimo

octavo

Macedonian! provinciam M. Licinius Liicullus accepit, consobrinus Luculli, qui contra Mithradaten bellum ger^bat.

Et
et
20

in Italia

novum bellum
effrScto

subito

commotum

est.

Septua-

ginta enim et quattuor gladiatores ducibus Spartaco, Crixo

Oenomao

Capuae ludo fugerunt

et per Italiam

vagantes paene non levius bellum in ea,

moverat, paraverunt.

quam Hannibal

Nam

multis ducibus et duobus simul

Romanorum

consulibus victis sexaginta fere milium arma-

torum exercitum congregaverunt, victique sunt in Apulia a

M. Licinio Crasso pro consule,
25 Italiae tertio 8.

et post

multSs calamitates

anno bello huic

est finis impositus.

Sexcentesimo octogesimo primo anno urbis conditae, P.

Cornelio Lentulo et Cn. Aulidio Oreste consulibus, duo tanturn gravia bella in imperio
et
30 et

Romano

erant,

Mithradaticum

Macedonicum.

M. Lucullus.

Haec duo Luculli agebant, L. Lacullus L. ergo Lucullus post pugnam Cyzicenam,

54

EUTROPi BKEVIARII
qua vicerat Mithradaten, et navalem, qua duces eius oppresserat,

persecutus est

eum

et

recepta Paphlagonia atque

Bithynia etiam regnum eius invasit, Sinopen et AmTson,

civitates Ponti nobilissimas, cepit.
5

Secundo proelio apud

Cabira civitatem, quo ingentes copias ex omnI regno adduxerat Mithradates,

milibus
est,

cum xxx rnllia lectissima regis a quinque Romanorum vastata essent, Mithradates fugatus
direpta.

castra eius

tenuerat, eldem sublata est.

10

Armeuia quoque Minor, quani Susceptus tamen est Mithrarege, qui turn ingenti

dates post

fugam a Tigrane, Armeniae

gloria imperabat, Persas saepe vicerat,

Mesopotamiam

occu-

paverat et Syriam et Phoenices partem.

Battle of Tigranocerta, 69 b.c.

9.

Ergo Lucullus repetens hostem fugatum etiam regnum

est.

Tigranis ingressus
15

Tigranocertam, civitatem Arza-

nenae, nobilissimam regni ArmeniacI, cepit, ipsum regem

cum septem

milibus qumgentls clibanariis et centum mili-

bus sagittariorum et armatorum venientem decem et octo

milia militum habens ita vicit ut

magnam partem Armequoque

Sed hi quos in Ponto
se
et

niorum
20

deleverit.

Inde Nisibin profectus eam

civitatem

cum

regis fratre cepit.

Lucullus reliquerat
et

cum

exercitus parte, ut regiones victas

iam Romanorum tuerentur, neglegenter

^

avare

agentes occasionem iterum Mithradati in Pontum inrum-

pendi
26

dederunt, atque ita bellum renovatum

est.

Lucullo

paranti capta Nisibi contra Persas expeditionem successor

est missus.
10.

Alter autem Lucullus, qui Macedoniam administrabat,

Bessis primus
1

Romanorum
M.
289, 1
;

intulit

bellum atque eos ingenti

;

H. 542, I

A.

&

G. 298

G. 428

B. 338,

1, a.

LIBER
proelio in

VI.

55

Haemo monte superavit. Oppidum Uscudamam, quod BessI habitabant, eodem die quo aggressus est vie it, Cabylen cepit, usque ad Danuviiim penetravit. Inde multas
supra
5

Pontum
evertit,

positas civitates aggressus est.

Illlc

Apollo-

niam

Callatim,

Parthenopolim, Tomos, Histrura,

Burziaonem cepit belloque confecto

piignaverat, maiore gloria,
redisset.
10

Romam

rediit.

Ambo
^

triumphaverunt, tamen Lucullus, qui contra Mithradaten

cum tantorum

regiiorum

victor

11.

Confecto bello Macedonico, manente Mithradatico,

conlectis auxiliis reparaverat,

quod recedente Lucullo rex bellum Creticum ortum est.

cepit,
15

Ad

id missus Q. Caecilius

Me-

tellus ingentibus proelils intra

triennium

omnem

provinciam

appellatusque est Creticus atque ex Insula trium-

phavit.

Quo tempore Libya quoque Romano imperid per

fuerat, accessit, in

testamentum Appionis, qui rex eius

qua

inclutae urbes erant Berenice, Ptolemais, Cyrene.

Cn.
12.
ita ut
20 esset.

Pompey

takes

command, 66

B.C.

Dum

haec geruntur, piratae omnia maria Infestabant

toto orbe victoribus sola navigatio tuta

Romanis
Quare

non

id

bellum Cn. Pompeio decretum

est.

Quod
et

intra paucos
cit.

menses ingenti

et felicitate et celeritate coufe-

Mox

el

delatum etiam bellum contra Mithradaten

in

Tigranen.

Quo suscepto Mithradaten

vicit,

Armenia Minore

nocturno proelio
25 eius

castra

diripuit,

quadraginta milia

occldit,

vigintl

tantum de
post,

exercitil^ suo perdidit et

duos centuriones.
comitibus.
1

Mithradates cum uxore fugit et duobus

Neque multo
;

cum
;

in suos saeviret,
.368,
;

Phar-

H. 396, III H. 397,

M.
3
;

216,

A.
n. 2

&
;

G. 217

G.

B. 200.
;

3, N.

M. 225,

A.

& G.

216, c

G. 372, r. 2

B. 201,

1, a.

5Q
nacis,
filii

EUTROPI BREVIAllII
apud milites sSditione ad mortem coactus Huiic finem habuit Mithradates. Periit aiitem apud Bosporum, vir ingentis industriae consiliique.
sul,
^

venerium hausit.

Regnavit annis sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus, contra

5

Romanos bellum habuit

13.

annis quadraginta.
intulit.

TigranI deinde Pompeius bellum

Ille se ei

dedidit et in castra

Pompei sexto decimo

miliario ab Arta-

xata venit ac diadema suum,

cum

procubuisset ad genua

Pompei, in manibus ipsuis conlocavit.

10

Quod
est el
^

ei

Pompeius
parte

reposuit

honorificeque

multavit et
nice,

eum habitum grandl pecunia. Adempta

regni tarn en

Syria, Phoe-

indicta,

Sophanene; sex milia praeterea talentorum argent! quae populo Eomano daret, quia bellum sine causa

Romanis commovisset.^

Pompey subdues Syria and

15

Palestine, 64 b.c.
intulit et

14.

Pompeius mox etiam Albanls bellum

ter vicit,
ei

eorum

regem Oroden
rogatus veniam

postremo per epistulas ac mimera

dedit.

ac

pacem

Hiberiae quoque regem

Artacen

vicit

acie et in deditionem accepit.

Armenian!

Minorem
20

Deiotaro, Galatiae regl, donavit, quia socius belli

Mithradatici fuerat.
reddidit.

Attalo et Pylaemeni Paphlagoniam

Aristarchum Colchis regem imposuit.

vIcit.

Mox

Itu-

raeos et Arabas ciam,

Et cum venisset
non
recepisset.^

in Syriam, Seleu-

vlclnam Antiochlae"* clvitatem, llbertate^

donavit,

quod
25

regem

Tigrangn

Antiochensibus
de-

obsides reddidit.
H. 396, H. 385,

Aliquantum agrorum Daphnensibus

; ; ;

a 8
4

II,
;

H. 516, II H. 391, I H. 384, IT,

;

M. 222 A. & G. 216 G. 365 B. 203, 1. M. 211 A. & G. 229 G. 345, r. 1 B. 188, M. 357 A. & G. 321 G. 541 B. 286, 1. M. 214 A. & G. 234, a G. 359 B. 192, 1. 2 M. 203 A. & G. 225, 3, d G. 348 B. 187,
2
; ;
; ;

2. d.

1, a.

LiBEK
dit,

vr.

57
amoeni-

quo lucus

ibi spatiosior lieret/ delectatus loci

tate et
est,

aquarum abundantia.

Inde ad ludaeam transgressus

Hierosolyma, caput gentis, tertio mense cepit xii milioccisis, ceteris in fidein acceptls.

bus ludaeorum
5

His
dedit.

gestis

in Asiani se recepit et

finem antiquissimo bello

Cicero Consul.
15.

Conspiracy of Catiline, 63
et C.

b.c.

M. Tullio Cicerone oratore

Antonio consulibus,
sed ingenil pra-

anno ab urbe condita sexcentesimo octogesiino nono, L.

Sergius Catilina, nobilissimi generis
vissimi,
10 Claris

vir,

ad delendam patriam^ coniuravit cum quibusdani

viris.

quidem sed audacibus

est.

Cicerone urbe ex-

pulsus
sunt.

Socii

eius

deprehensi in carcere strangulati

Ab

Antonio, altero consule, Catillna ipse victus

proelio est interfectus.

Triumphs of Metellus and Pompey, 62

16.
15

b.c.

Sexcentesimo nonagesimo anno urbis conditae D. lunio

Silano et L. Mtirena consulibus Metellus de Creta triumphavit,

Pompeius de
currum
fllii

bello

piratico et Mithradatico.
fuit.

Nulla

umquam pompa
eius

triumphi similis

Ducti sunt ante

Mithradatis, filius Triganis et Aristobtilus,

rex ludaeorum; praelata est ingens pectinia et auri atque

2)

argent! infinitum.

Hoc tempore nullum

erat.

per orbem terra-

rum grave bellum

Caesar Consul, 59
17.

b.c.

Governor of Gaul, 58-49

b.c.

Anno

urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo tertio

C.
1

lulius

Caesar,
;

qui
;

postea imperavit,
;

cum
;

L.

Bibulo
2.

H. 497, II M. 382, 3 A. & G. 317, 2 G. 545, 2 B. 282, H. 544, 1 M. 296 A. & G. 300 G. 432, r. B. 339, 2.
;
;

58

EUTROPI BREVIARII
consul est factus.
legionibus
decern.

Decreta est
Is

ei

Gallia et Illyricum
Helvetios,
^

cum

primus

vicit

qui nunc

SequanI appellantur, deinde vincendo

per bella gravissima

usque ad Oceanum Britannicum processit.

5

Domuit autem
ad

novem fere omnem Galliam, quae Rhodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est

annis
bis et tricies centena milia^
intulit,

inter Alpes, fltimen

et circuit u patet

quibus ante
erat,

mox bellum nomen quidem Romanorum coeum ne

passuum.
Britannis
tributi

gnitum
10 fecit.

eosque victos obsidibus acceptis stipendiaries

Galliae'^

autem

nomine annuum imperavit

trans

stipendium quadringenties, Germanosque

aggressus immanissimis proeliis
ter
vIcit.

Rhenum
et absens

Inter tot successtis

male pugnavit, apud Arvernos semel praesens

in

Germania

bis.

Nam

legatl eius duo, Titurius et

Aurun-

15 culeius,

per insidias caesi sunt.

Battle of Carrae;
18. Circa

M. Lidnius Crassus

slain,

53

b.c.

eadem tempora, anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo septimo, M. Licinius Crassus, conlega On. Pompei Magni in consulatu secundo, contra Parthos missus est et cum circa Carras contra omen et auspicia dimicasset, a Surena Orodis regis duce victus ad postremum interfectus
20 est

cum

filio,

clarissimo et praestantissimo iuvene.

Reli-

quiae exercitus per C. Cassium quaestorem servatae sunt,

qui singularl animo^ perditas res tanta virtute restituit ut

Persas rediens trans Euphraten crebrls proeliis vinceret.^

i

8 * 6

H. H. H. H.

542,

379
384,
419,

H. 500,

IV; M. 292 M. 196 A. II M. 205 II M. 240 II M. 338

;
;

A.

&

G. 301, footnote
;

G. 431, 3
1.

B. 338, 4, a.

&

G. 257

G. 335

B. 181,
;

A. & G. 227, /; G. 346 B. 187, II, A. & G. 251 G. 400 B. 224. A. & G. 319, 1 G. 552, 1 ;.B. 284,
; ; ;

a.

1.

LIBER
The Civil

VI.

>

59
Pompey, 49-45
49
b.c.

War

between
Italy,

Caesar and

B.C.

Caesar invades
19.

Pompey

Jiees to Greece,

Hinc iam bellum civile successit exsecrandum ^ et lacrimabile, quo praeter calamitates, quae in proeliis acciderunt, etiam popiili Romani fortuna mutata est. Caesar enini
rediens ex Gallia victor coepit poscere alterum consulatum
5

atque

ita,

ut sine diibietate aliqua el deferretur.

Contradi-

ctum

est a Marcello coiisule, a Bibulo, a

Pompeio, a Catone,
redire.

iussiisque dimissls exercitibus

ad urbem

Propter

quani iniuriam ab Arimino, ubi milites congregates habebat,

adversiim patriam
10

cum

exercitu venit.

Consules

cum Pom-

peio senatusque

omnis atque iiniversa nobilitas ex urbe

ApudEpIrum, Macedoniam, fugit^ et in Graeciam transiit. Achaeam Pompeio duce senatus contra Caesarem bellum
paravit.

Caesar crosses
20.
15

to

Spain.
fecit.

Caesar vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem se

petiit.

Inde Hispanias
fortissimos

Ibi

Pompei

exercittis validissimos et

cum

tribus ducibus, L. Afranio,

M. Petreio, M.
transiit,

Yarrone, superavit.

Inde regressus in Graeciam

adversum Pompeium dimicavit.

et fugatus, evasit
'20

Primo

proelio victus est

tamen, quia nocte interveniente Pompeius

sequi noluit, dixitque Caesar nee

et illo salia

Pompeium

scire vincere

tantum die

se potuisse superarl.

Delude in Thes-

copiis dimicaverimt.

apud Palaeopharsalum productis utrimque ingentibus Pompei acies habuit xl milia peditum,
dextro quingentos,

equites in sinistro cornu sexcentos, in

25

praeterea totius Orientis auxilia, totam nobilitatem, innuH. 643 M. 295, 1 A. & G. 294, a G. 488, n. H. 463, I M. 176, 2 A. & G. 206, d G. 285,
;
;
;

B. 337,
;

7, a.

B. 255,

3.

60

EUTROPI BREVIARII
meros senatores, praetorios, consiilares
et

qui

magnorum

iam bellorum victores

peclitum non Integra
Battle

fuissent.^

Caesar in acie sua habuit

xxx

milia, equites mille.

of Pharsalus.

Pompey
is

is

defeated, flees
B.C.

to

Egypt,

and
21.
5

slain,

48

Numquani adhuc Romanae

subacturae,si

copiae in iinum

neque

maiores neque melioribus ducibus convenerant, totuni terrar

rum orbem facile

Ptignatum turn

contra barbaros ducerentur.^

est ingenti contentione, victusque

ad postre-

nium Pompeius et castra eius dlrepta sunt. Ipse fugatus Alexandrlam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, cuT tutor a senatu
10

datus fuerat propter iuvenilem eius aetatem, acciperet auxilia.

Qui fortunam niagis quam amicitiam secutus occidit

eius et

Pompeium, caput

anulum Caesar!
sui.

misit.

Quo

con-

specto Caesar etiam lacrimas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri in-

tuens caput et generi

quondam

Caesar defeats Ptolemy.

15

22.

Mox

Caesar Alexandrlam venit.

IpsI

quoque Ptole-

maeiis parare voluit insidias, qua causa bellum regl inlatum

est.

Victus in Nilo periit inventumque est eius corpus

cum

lorlca aurea.

Caesar Alexandria

potitus

regnum Cleopatrae

dedit, Ptolemaei sororl.

20

Rediens inde Caesar Pharnacen,

Mithradatis Magni fllium, qui Pompeio in auxilium apud

Thessaliam fuerat, rebellantem in Ponto et multas populT

Roman!
coegit.
1

provincias occupantem vicit acie, postea ad

mortem

2 8
*

H. H. H. H.

503, I
549, 3 509, N.

421, T

M. 383, 2 A. & G. 320 G. 631, 2 B. 283, 1. M. 283 A. & G. 293, 6, 3 G. 670, 4, (1) B. 3 M. 366 A. & G. 307, /; G. 596, 2 B. 302, M. 253 A. & G. 249 G. 407 B. 218, 1.
;
;

337,
3, a.

4.

LIBER

VI.

61

Battle of Thapsus, 46 b.c.

23.

Inde

Romam

regressus tertio se consulem fecit

ei

cum

M. Aemilio Lepido, qui

magister equitum dictatorl ante

est,

annum
5

fuerat.

Inde in Africam profectus

ubi inf inita

nobilitas

cum

luba, Mauretaniae rege, bellum reparaverat.

Duces autem Roman! erant P. Cornelius Scipio ex genere

antiquissimo Sclpionis African! (hie etiam socer Pompe!

Magn!

fuerat),

M. Petreius, Q. Varus, M. Porcius Cato,

Contra
lios

L. Cornelius Faustus, Sullae dictatoris f!lius.

commisso proelio post multas dimicationes

10 sar.

victor fuit Cae-

Cato, Sc!pio, Petreius, luba ips! se occlderunt.

Faua

stus,

Sullae

quondam
est.

dictatoris

filius,

Pompe!

gener,

Caesare interfectus

Battle of
24.

Munda, 45

b.c.

Post

annum ^ Caesar Eomam

regressus quarto se con-

sulem
15 filil,

fecit et statim

ad Hispanias est profectus, ubi Pompe!

Cn. Pompeius et Sex. Pompeius, ingens bellum praepa-

raverant.

Multa proelia fuerunt, ultimum apud ^

quo adeo Caesar paene victus

Mundam

civitatem, in

est ut fugienti-

bus suis se voluerit occldere, ne post tantam re! militaris

gloriam in potestatem adulescentium natus annos sex et
20

qmnquaginta

ven!ret.

Denique revocatis
est,

su!s

v!cit.

Ex

Pompe!

f!li!s

maior occ!sus

minor

ftigit.

Caesar Monarch, 45
25.

b.c.

Caesar Assassinated, 44

b.c.

Inde Caesar
rediit.

bell!s c!v!libus toto orbe composit!s

Ro-

mam
1

Agere insolentius^ coepit

; ;

et contra consuetu-

H. 430 M. 2-58, 1 A. & G. 259, d G. 403, n. 4, (a) B. 357, H. 433, 1 M. 258, 1 A. & G. 258, c, n. 1 G. 410, 4 B. 141. H. 444, 1 M. 426 A. & G. 93, a G. 297, 2 B. 240, 1.
;
;

1.

62

EUTROPI BREVIARII
dinem Romanae
libertatis.

Cum

ergo et honores ex sua

voluntate praestaret, qui a populo antea cleferebantur, nee

senatui ad se venienti adsurgeret aliaque regia ac paene

tyrannica faceret, coniuratum est^ in

5

eum

a sexaginta vel Praecipui fueBrtiti,

amplius senatoribus equitibusque Romanls.

runt inter coniuratos duo BriUi ex eo genere

qui pri-

mus Eomae

consul fuerat et reges expulerat, et C. Cassius et

Servilius Casca.

Ergo Caesar, cum

senattis die inter ceteros

venisset ad curiam, tribus et viginti vulneribus confossus est.

LIBER SEPTIMUS
From the Assassination of Caesar to the Death of THE Emperor Domitian, 44 B.C.-96 a.d.
War
urbis

Civil
10
1.

idth Hirtius and Pansa, 44-43 B.C.

Anno

septingentesimo fere ac nono interfecto

Percussoribus ^ enim

Caesare civilia bella reparata sunt.

Caesaris senatus favebat.
civilibus bellis
ptiblica
15

Antonius consul partium Caesaris

opprimere eos conabatur.

Missi ad

Ergo turbata

re

multa Antonius scelera committens a senatu hostis

iudicatus est.

eum persequendum duo

ille

consules,

Pansa

et Hirtius, et

Octavianus adulescens annos x et viii

natus, Caesaris nepos,

quem
rerum

testamento heredem

rell-

querat et

nomen suum
est dictus et

ferre iusserat.
^

Hic

est,

qui postea

Augustus
20

potitus.

Qui profecti contra

Ev6nit tarnen ut
;

Antoniuin tres duces vicerunt eum.

1
;
;

vi-

2 8

M. 145, 3 A. & G. 146, d G. 208, 2 B. 187, 11, h. H. 301 H. 385, I M. 205 A. & G. 227 G. 346 B. 187, III, a. H. 410, V, 3 M. 231 A. & G. 223, a G. 407, 2, (d) B. 212,
; ;
; ; ;

2.

LIBER
ctor6s consules

VII.

63
Qiiare tres exercitus uni

ambo morerentur.

Caesari Augusto pariierunt.

The Second Triumvirate, 43

2.

b.c.

Fiigatiis

Antonius amisso exercitu confugit ad Lepidiim,

qui Caesari^ magister equitum fuerat et turn militiim copias

5

grandes habebat, a quo susceptus

dante Caesar pacem
patris sui

est.

Mox

Lepido operam

cum Antonio

fecit et quasi vindicaturus

mortem, a quo per testamentum fuerat adoptatus,

exercitu profectus extorsit ut sibi vicesimo

Homam cum
10

anno consulatus daretur.

nio ac Lepido

Senatum proscripsit, cum Antorem publicam armis tenere coepit. Per hos ^
alii iiobiles.

etiam Cicero orator occisus est multique

The Battle of Philippi, 42

3.

b.c.
iii-

Interea Brutus et Cassius, interfectores Caesaris,

gens bellum moverunt.

Erant enim per Max^edoniam

et

Orientem multi exercitus, quos occupaveraiit.

15 igitur

Profecti sunt

contra eos Caesar Octavianus Augustus et M. Anto-

nius;

remanserat enim ad defendendam Italiam Lepidus.

Philippos, Macedoniae urbem, contra eos pugnave-

Apud
runt.

tameii

Primo proelio dux nobilitatis

quae cum

victi sunt

Antonius

et Caesar, periit

Cassius, secundo Brtitum et infinitam

illis

20 nobilitatem,

bellum gesserat, victam interfeut Augustus

cerunt.

Ac

sic inter eos divlsa est res publica,

Hispanias,

Gallias et Italiam

teneret,

Antonius Asiam,
bel-

Pontum, Orientem.
25

Sed

in Italia L.

Antonius consul

lum civile commovit, frater eius, qui cum Caesare contra Brutum et Cassium dimicaverat. Is apud Perusiam, Tusciae civitatem, victus et captus est,
1 2

neque
;

occisus.

H. 384, H. 415,

II, 4, N.
I, 1,

2
;

N. 1

M. 208 A. & G. 235 G. 350, 1 B. 188, 1. M. 247, 3 A. & G. 246, b G. 401, end B. 141.
;
;

'

64

EUTROPl BREVIARII
War
4.

with Sextus Pompey.

filio, in-

Interim a Sex. Pompeio, Cn. Pompel Magni

gens belliim in Sicilia

ex partibiis

Briiti

commotum est, his qui sui^erfuerant Cassiique ad eum confluentibus. Bellatuni

Augustum Octavianum et M. Antoniiim adversus Sex, Pompeium est. Pax postremo convenit. 5. Eo tempore M. Agrippa in Aquitania rem prospere
per Caesarem
gessit et L. Ventidius Bassus

inrumpentes in Syriam Persas

inter-

tribus proeliis vicit.

fecit eo ipso die
10

Pacorum, regis Orodis filium,

quo olim Orodes, Persarum rex, per ducem Surenam Crassum occlderat. Hic primus de ParthTs iiistis-

siiiium
6.

triumphum Komae

egit.
rtipit et

Interim Pompeius pacem

navali

x)i'oeli6 victiis
el

fugiens ad

Asiam

interfectus est.

Antonius, qui Asiam

15

Orientem tenebat, repudiata sorore Caesaris AugustI OctaContra viani Cleopatram, reginam Aegypti, duxit uxorem.
Persas etiani ipse pugnavit.

Primis eos proeliis

et,

vicit, regre-

diens tamen fame et pestilentia laboravit

cum

instarent

ParthI fugienti, ipse pro victo recessit.

Civil

War

between Augustus and Antonius.

The Battle of

Actium, 31
7.

B.C.

Hic quoque ingens

belliim civile

commovit cogente

20

uxore Cleopatra, reglna Aegypti, duni cupiditate muliebrl

optat etiam in urbe regnare.
piigna clara et inlustrl

Victus est ab Augusto navali

in

apud Actium, qui locus

et desperatis rebus,

Epiro

est,

ex qua fugit in Aegyptum

cum omnes
^

ad Augustum transirent, ipse se interemit.

25

Cleopatra sibi

aspidem admlsit
1

et

veneno eius exstincta

;

est.

Aeg^^ptus per

H. 517 H. 380

M. 356 A. & G. 320 G. 580 B. 280, 2. M. 202, 1 A. & G. 228 G. 347 B. 187,
;
;

III.

LIBER

VII.

65
est praepo-

Octavianum Augustum imperio Eomano adiecta

situsque
el C.

Cornelius Gallus.

Hunc prlmum Aegyptus

Romanum

iudicem habuit.
b.c.

Imperial Government Established, 31

8.

Ita bellis toto orbe confectls Octavianus Augustus Ro-

5 niaiii rediit,

duodecimo anno^ quam consul

fuerat.

Ex

eo

rem piiblicam per quadraginta et quattuor annos solus obtinuit. Ante enim duodecim annis cum Antonio et Lepido
tenuerat.

Ita ab initio principatus eius usque

ad finem

quinquaginta et sex anni fuerunt.

10

Obiit autem septuage-

simo sexto anno morte communT in oppido Campaniae

Atella.

Romae

in

campo Martio sepultus

est, vir,

qui non

immerito ex maxima parte deo ^ similis est putatus.

]^eque

enim
gessit

facile ullus eo^ aut in bellis fellcior fuit aut in pace

moderatior.
15

Quadraginta et quattuor annis, quibus solus

vixit, in

imperium, civilissime

cunctos liberalissimus,

in amicos fidissimus, quos tantis evexit honoribus ut paene

aequaret f astigio suo.

Extension of the Empire.

9.

Ntillo

tempore ante eum magis res Romana

floruit.

Nam exceptis civilibus bellis, in quibus invictus fuit, Romano

20 adiecit im^perio

Aegyptum, Cantabriam, Dalmatiam saepe

ante victam, sed penitus tunc subactam, Pannoniam, Aqui-

taniam, Illyricum, Raetiam, Vindelicos et Salassos in Alpi-

25

omnes Ponti maritimas civitates, in his iiobilissimas Bosporum et Panticapaeum. Vicit autem multis proeliTs Dacos. Germanorum ingentes copias cecldit, ipsos quoque
bus,
1

H. 430 H. 391 H. 417

example) M. 249 A. & G. 262, x. 2 G. M. 214 A. & G. 234 G. 359 B. 192, 1. M. 239, 1 A. & G. 247 G. 398 B. 217, 1. HAZ. EUTROPIU8 5
(last
; ; ;

563, 2

B. 230.

66
trans

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Albim fluvium summovit, qui
est.

in Barbarico longe ultra

Rhenum

Hoc tamen bellum

.

per Drusum, privignum

suum, administravit, sicut per Tiberium, privignum alterum,

quo bello xl captlvorum milia ex Germania transtulit et supra ripam RhenI in Gallia conlocavit. Arnieniam a Parthls recepit. Obsides, quod nulli antea, Reddiderunt etiam signa Romana, Persae el dederunt.
Pannonicum,
. .

quae Crasso victo ademerant.

Death of Augustus, 14 a.d.
10.
10

Scythae et Indl, quibus antea

fuerat,

Romanorum nomen cum

inco-

gnitum

munera

et legatos

ad eum miserunt.

Galatia

quoque sub hoc provincia facta

set,

est,

antea regnum fuis-

primusque eam M. Lollius pro praetore administravit.

*

Tanto autem amore

popull
15

etiam apud barbaros fuit ut reges

in

RomanI amlci

honorem

eius conderent civitates,

quas Caesareas nominarent.

Multl autem reges ex regnis

suls venerunt, ut el obsequerentur, et habitu

scilicet,

Romano,

togati

ad vehiculum vel equum ipsius cucurrerunt.

Mo-

riens

Divus appellatus.
filius fuerat.

Rem ptiblicam beatissimam Tiberio

el,

successorl rellquit, qui privlgnus

20

mox

gener, postremo

adoptione

Tiberius Emperor, 14-37 a.d.

11.

Sed Tiberius ingenti socordia imperiura

gessit, gravl

crudelitate, scelesta avaritia, turpi libldine.

ipse ptignavit, bella per legatos gessit suos.

nusquam Quosdam reges

in provinciae

Nam

ad se per blanditias evocatos

ii5

numquam

remlsit, in quibus

Archelaum Cappadocem, cuius etiam regnum

formam
I

redegit et
II

maximam
;

civitatem appellari nomine

G. 400
B. 224,
1.

H. 419,

M. 246

A.

&

G. 251

LIBER
suo
iussit,

VII.

67

quae nunc Caesarea

dicitur,

cum Mazaca antea

vocaretur.

Hic

tertio et vicesimo imperii anno, aetatis sep-

tuagesimo octavo, ingenti omnium gaudio mortuus est in

Campania.
Caligula Emperor,
5

37^1

a.d.

12.

Successit ei C. Caesar, cognomento Caligula, DrtisI,

privignl AugustI, et ipslus Tiber! nepos, sceleratissimus ac

funestissimus et qui etiam Tiberl

dedecora
et

purgaverit.^

Bellum contra Germanos suscepit

nihil strenue fecit.
10 libidine,

ingressus

Sueviam
avaritia,

Cum

adversum cunctos ingenti

crudelitate saevlret, interfectus in Palatio est

aetatis vicesimo nono, imperii tertio,

anno mense decimo dieque

octavo.

Claudius Emperor, 41-54 a.d.

13.

Post hunc Claudius

fuit,

pat runs Caligulae, Driisi,

habet, fllius, cuius et

qui apud Mogontiacum

15

monumentum

Hic medie imperavit, multa gerens tranquille atque moderate, quaedam crudeliter et insulse.
Caligula nepos erat.

BritannTs intulit bellum,

C.

quam

nullus

Komanorum

post

Caesarem

attigerat,

eaque devicta per Cn. Sentium et

cele-

A. Plautium, inlustres ac nobiles viros, triumphum

20

brem egit. Quasdam insiilas etiam ultra Britannias in Oceano positas imperio Romano addidit, quae appellantur
Orchades,
filio

autem
circa

suo

Britannici

nomen
exstitit,

imposuit.

Tam
25

civilis

autem

quosdam amicos

ut etiam

Plautium, nobilem virum, qui expeditione Britannica multa

egregie fecerat, triumphantem ipse prosequeretur et con-

scendenti Capitolium laevus inc^deret.

et Lx, imperavit xiv.

Is vixit

annos iv

Post mortem consecratus est Dlvus-

que appellatus.
1

H. 503,

M.

383, 2

A. & G. 320

G. 631, 2

B. 283,

1.

68
"

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Nero Emperor, 54-68
a.d.

14.

Successit huic Nero, Caligulae, avunculo suo, similli-

nius, qui

Eomanum imperium
^

et

deformavit et minuit, inusi-

tatae luxuriae

sumptuiimque, et qui exemplo C. Caligulae in

Infinitam senatus

calidis et frigidis lavaret unguentis, retibus aureis piscare5 tur,

quae blattinis funibus extrahebat.

^

partem interf ecit, bonis omnibus hostis f uit. Ad postrenium se tanto dedecore prostituit ut et saltaret et cantaret
in scaena eitharoedico habitu vel tragico.

Parricldia multa

commisit
10

fratre,

uxore, sorore, matre interfectis.

Urbem

Romam

incendit, ut spectacull eius

imaginem

cerneret, quali

olim Troia capta arserat.

In rS mllitari nihil omnino ausus

Britanniam paene amisit.

oppida capta
sustulSrunt
15
illic

Nam

duo sub eo nobilissima

atque eversa sunt.

legionesque

Armeniam Parthi Romanas sub iugum miserunt.

Duae tamen sub eo provinciae factae sunt, Pontus Polemoniacus concedente r6ge Polemone et Alp6s Cottiae Cottio
rege defuncto.
15.

Per haec Romano orbl exsecrabilis ab omnibus simul

;

dSstitutus est et a senatu hostis iudicatus

20

cum

quaerergtur

ad poenam, quae poena erat

talis,

ut niidus per publicum

ductus furca capiti eius inserta virgis usque ad mortem

caederetur atque ita praecipitaretur a saxo, e Palatio fugit
et in

suburbano se

iTberti sui,

quod inter Salariam

et

No-

mentanam viam ad quartum

25 Is aedilicavit

urbis miliarium est, interfecit.

Romae

thermas, quae ante Neronianae dictae

Obiit tric6simo et altero

nunc Alexandrianae appellantur.

aetatis

anno, imperil quarto decimo, atque in eo omnis

est.

AugustI familia consilmpta

1

H. 396,

V
;

H. 391

M. 222 A. & G. 215 G. 365 M. 214 A. & G. 234 G, 359 B.

;
;

B. 203,
192, 1.

1.

LIBER

VII.

69

Galha Emperor, 68-69 a.d.

16.

Huic Serv. Galba

successit, antlquissimae nobilitatis

et tertium

senator,
tis,

cum septuagesimuin

ab Hispanis et Gallis iniperator electus,

aumim ageret aetamox ab uniprivata ^ius vita

verso exercitu libenter acceptus.

5

Nam

msignis

f uerat militaribus et civilibus rebus.

Saepe consul,
bellls.

saepe pro consule, frequenter dux in gravissimis

Hiiius breve iraperium fuit et
nisi

quod bona haberet exordia,

Insidiis

ad severitatem propensior vidergtur.^

tamen

Othonis occTsus est imperii mense septimo.

10

lugulatus in

foro

Rdmae

sepultusque in hortis

suis,

qui sunt Aurelia via

non longe ab urbe Koma.

Otho Emperor 69 a.d.
y

17.

Otho occiso Galba invasit imperium, materno genere ^

nobilior

quam

paterno, neutro

tamen

obsctiro.

In privata

vita mollis et
15

Neroni familiaris, in imperio documentum

sui

non potuit ostendere.

Nam cum

isdem temporibus,

quibus Otho Galbam occiderat, etiam Vitellius factus esse!

a Germanicianis exercitibus iinperator, bello contra
suscepto

eum
se-

cum apud Bedriacum

in Italia lev! proelio victus

esset, ingentes
20

tamen copias ad bellum haberet, sponte

met ^

occldit.

Petentibus mllitibus ne tam cito de belli d6-

speraret eventii,

cum

tanti^ s6

non esse dixisset ut propter

morte obiit
trlce-

eum bellum
die.

civile mover^tur, voluntaria

simo et octavo aetatis anno, nonagSsimo

et quinto imperil

2 3

H. 510, II M. 360 A. H. 424 M. 238, 1 A. H. 184, 3 M. 77, 2 A.

;
;

& &

G. 308
;

G. 597
G. 397
;

B. 304, B. 226.
;

1.

Sb

G. 253

H. 404

M. 224

A.

&

G. 252, a

G. 99, /; G. 102, n. 2 B. G. 879 B. 203, 3.

; ;

6, 3.

70

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Vitellius

Emperor^ 69 a.d.
^

18.

Deiii Vitellius imperio

nobili.

potitus est, familia honorata

magis quam

Nam

pater eius non

admodum

clare

natus tres tamen ordiuarios gesserat consulatus.

Hic cum

multo dedecore imperavit

5

et gravi saevitia notabilis, prae-

cipue ingluvie et voracitate, quippe

vel quTnto f eratur
riae
^

cum de

die saepe quarto

epulatus.

Notissima certe cena

memoqua

mandata

est,

quam

ei Vitellius f rater exliibuit, in

super ceteros sumptus duo milia piscium, septem avium

apposita traduntur.
10

Hic cum NeronI

similis

esse vellet

atque id adeo prae se ferret, ut etiam exsequias Neronis,

quae humiliter sepultae fuerant, honoraret, a VespasianT

ducibus occisus est interfecto prius in urbe Sabino, Vespasianl imperatoris fratre,

Interfectus autem est

15

Romam

publice,

quem cum Capitolio incendit. magno dedecore tractus per urbem nudus, erecto coma capite et subiecto ad
:

raentum gladio, stercore in vultum et pectus ab omnibus obviis appetitus, postremo iugulatus et in Tiberim deiectus
,

etiam commtini caruit sepultiira.

Periit

autem

aetatis

anno
tino.

septimo et quinquagesimo, imperil mense octavo et die

Vespasicm Emjjeror, 69-79 a.d.
20

19.

Vespasianus huic successit, factus apud Palaestlnam

imperator, prlnceps obscure quidem natus, sed optimis com-

parandus, privata vita inlustris, ut qui a Claudio in Ger-

maniam
26

et deinde in

Britanniam missus

tricies et bis

cum

hoste confllxerit, duas validissimas gentes, vigintl oppida,

Insulam Vectam, Britanniae proximam, imperio

adiecerit.
1

Bomano
Pe-

Bomae
;

sg in imperio moderatissime gessit.

A.

H. 421,

M. 263

&

G. 249
;

G. 407

B. 218,
1
;

1.

2H. 517,3, 1);M.

382, 2, n.

A.

&G.

326, n.

G. 498,

n.

8; B. 286,2.

LIBER

VII.

71
iiulll
^

cuniae tantum avidior fuit, ita tamen, ut earn

auferret.

iniiiste

Qiiam cum omni diligentiae provisione conligeret,

largiebatur,

tamen studiosissime

praecipue

indigentibus.

Xec

facile ante

eum cuiusquam
itistior.

principis vel maior est

5 liberalitas

comperta, vel

Placidissimae lenitatis,

ut qui maiestatis quoque contra se reos non facile puniret

ultra exsilii

poenam.

Sub hoc ludaea Eomano

accessit

imperio et Hierosolyma, quae fuit urbs nobilissima Palaestinae.

10

Achaeam, Lyciam, Rhodum, Byzantium, Samum,

Cili-

quae liberae ante id tempus fuerant, item Thraciam,

ciam, Commagen'en, quae sub regibus amicls

egerant, in

provinciarum formam redegit.

20.

Offensarum^

et inimicitiarum

immemor

fuit,

convicia

a causidicis et philosophis in se dicta leniter

15

tulit, diligens

tamen

coercitor disciplinae mllitaris.

Hic cum

filio

Tito

de Hierosolymis triumphavit.

Per haec cum

senatui, po-

pulo, postremo cunctis amabilis ac iucundus esset, profluvio

ventris exstinctus est in villa propria circa Sabinos,

annum
diem
filio-

agens aetatis sexagesimum nonum, imperii

20

nonum
contra

et

septimum, atque inter Divos relatus

est.

Genitilram

rum

ita

cognitam habuit,

ut,

cum multae

eum

con-

iurationes fierent, quas patefactas

ingenti

dissimulatione

contempsit, in senatu dixerit aut filios sibi successuros, aut

neminem.
Titus Emperor, 79-81 a.d.
25

21.

Huic Titus

filius successit,

qui et ipse Vespasianus est

dictus, vir
et deliciae

omnium virtutum
humani generis

genere mirabilis adeo ut amor

diceretur, facundissimus, belli-

cosissimus, moderatissimus.
1

Causas Latine
;

egit,

poemata
2, d.

H. 385,

II,
;

H. 399

2 M. 211 A. & G. 229 G. 347, 5 B. 188, M, 226, 1 A. & G. 218 G. 374 B. 204, 1.
; ; ; ;
; ;

72
et tragoedias

EUTROPl BREVTARn
Graece composuit.

In oppugnatiOne Hiero-

solyinorum sub patre militans duodecim proptignatorgs duo-

decim sagittarum confixit

ill

ictibus.

Romae

tantae civilitatis

imperio fuit ut nullum omnino punierit, convlctos adverse coniurationis dimiserit vel in

sum

eadem

familiaritate

qua antea habuerit. Facilitatis et liberalitatis tantae fuit ut, cum null! quicquam negaret et ab amicis reprehenderetur, resfjonderit nullum tristem dgbere ab imperatore disc6dere, praeterea
10 nihil s6 illo die

cum quadam

dig in cena recordatus fuisset

:

culquam

praestitisse, dixerit

'

AmicI, hodie
aedificavit et

diem
22.

perdidl.'

Hic Romae amphitheatrum

intlsitato favore dilectus

quinque milia ferarum in dedicatione 6ius

occldit.

Per haec

morbo

periit in ea,

qua
15

pater, villa post

biennium

et

m6nses

octo, di6s viginti,

quam imperator
gesimo.

erat factus, aetatis

anno altero

et quadra-

Tantus luctus eo mortuo publicus fuit ut omnes

propria doluerint orbitate.

tamquam in
circa

Senatus obitu ipslus

et tantas ei
uin-

vesperam nuntiato nocte inrupit in curiam

ggerat nee praesenti.

mortuo laudes gratiasque congessit, quantas nee vivo

20

quam

Inter Divos relatus

est.

Domitian Emperor, 81-96 a.d.

23.

Domitianus niox acc6pit

imperium,

f rater

ipsius

iunior,

Neroni aut Caligulae aut Tiberio similior quam patrT vel f ratrl suo. Primis tamen annis moderatus in imperio fuit,

mox ad
et

ingentia vitia progressus libidinis, iracundiae, cru-

25 delitatis, avaritiae,

tantum in
aboleret. se
et
et

se odii

concitavit ut merita

patris

et

fratris

Interfecit

nobilissimos
appellari

senatu.

Dominum
sibi nisi

deum primus

iussit.

Nullam
1

auream
;

argenteam statuam in Capitolio

G. 216, a, 3
G. 369 B. 201,
2.

H. 397, 8

M. 225, 2

A.

&

LIBER
passus est ponl.

VIII.

73
Superbia

Consobrinos suos interfgcit.

fuit.

quoque in eo exsecrabilis
buit,

Expeditiones quattuor ha-

unam adversum
egit,

Sarmatas, alteram adversum Cattos,

duas adversum Dacos.

5

De Dacis
bellis

Cattisque duplicem trium-

phum

de Sarmatis solam lauream tisurpavit.

passus est
;

Multas

tamen calamitates Isdem

legio eius

nam

in Sarmatia

cum duce

interfecta est et a Dacis

Oppius Sabl-

nus cOnsularis

et Cornelius

Fuscus, praefectus praetorio,

cum magnis
10

exercitibus occisi sunt.

opera

fecit, in his

Capitolium et

rum

Porticus, Isium ac

Komae quoque multa Forum Transitorium, DlvoSerapium et Stadium. Verum cum

anno
aetatis

ob scelera universis exosus esse coepisset, interfectus est

suorum coniuratione
16

in Palatio,

quadragesimo

quinto, imperil qulnto decimo.

Fimus

eius

cum

ingenti
se-

dedecore per vespillonSs exportatum et ignobiliter est

pultum.

LIBER OCTAVUS
From the Accession of Nerva to the Death of Alexander Severus, 96-235 a.d.
Nerva Emperor, 96-98
1.

a.d.

AnnO

octingentesimo et qumquagesimo ab urbe condita

Vetere et Valente consulibus r6s publica ad prosperrimum

statum rediit bonis principibus ingenti

20

felicitate

commissa.

Domitiano enim,

exitiabill tyranno,

Nerva

siu-tessit, vir in

privata vita moderatus et strenuus, nobilitatis mediae.

Qui

senex admodum operam dante Petronio Secundo, praefecto

praetorio, item Parthenio, interfectore DomitianI, imperator
est f actus
1
;

aequissimum
M. 204
;

se et civilissimum praebuit.
c
;

Rei ^

H. 385,

A. & G. 227,

G. 346, r.

2, n.

B. 187, III.

74

EUTROPI BREVIARII
ptiblicae divina provisione consuluit

Mortuus

est

Romae

post

annum

et quattuor

Traianum adoptando.* menses imperii

suT ac dies octo, aetatis septuagesimo et altero anno, atque

inter Divos relatus est.

Trajan Emperor, 98-117 a.d.

5
2.

Successit ei Ulpius Crinitus Traianus, natus Italicae in

Hispania, familia^ antlqua magis

eius

quam

clara.

Nam

pater

primum
omnibus

consul

fuit.

Imperator autem apud Agrippi-

nam
ut

in Gallils factus est.

Rem

ptiblicam ita administravit

praeferatiir,

principibus

merito

inusitatae

10 civilitatis et fortitudinis.

giistum defensum magis fuerat

fines longe lateque diffudit.

RomanI imperii, quod post Auquam nobiliter ampliatum,

Urbes trans Rhenum
in Ger-

mania
trans
15 all

reparavit.

Daciam Decibalo

victo subegit provincia

Danubium

facta in his agrls quos nunc Taifali, Victo-

et

Tervingi habent.

Ea

provincia decies centena milia

passuum in circuitti tenuit. 3. Armeniam, quam occupaverant ParthI,

masiri
occiso,

recepit Partho-

qui

eam
et

tenebat.

Albanis

regem

dedit.

Hiberorum regem
20

Arabum
gnam
et

et

Sauromatarum et Bosporanorum et Osdroenoruin et Colchorum in fidem accepit.

Carduenos, Marcomedos occupavit et Anthemtisiam, maPersidis regionem, Seleuciam, Ctesiphontem, Baby-

lonem; Messenios

25

vicit ac tenuit. Usque ad Indiae fines mare Rubrum accessit atque ibi tres provincias fecit, Armeniam, Assyrian!, Mesopotamiam, cum his gentibus

quae

Madenam

attingunt.

Arabiam postea

in

provinciae

form am redegit.

In marl Rubro classem

Instituit, ut

per

eam Indiae
1

fln6s vastaret.

H. 542,

IV
;

H. 415

M. 292 A. & G. 301 G. 431 M. 234 A. & G. 244 G. 395 B.

; ; ;

B. 338, 4, a.
215.

LIBER
4.

VIII.

75

Gloriam tamen militarem

civilitate et

moderatione supese

ravit,

Romae

et per provincias

aequalem

omnibus exhiindi-

bens, amicos salutandl^ causa frequentans vel aegrotantes

vel
5

cum

festos dies habuissent, convlvia

cum isdem

screta

vicissitti

habens, saepe in vehiculls eorum sedens, nullaedens, nihil iniiistum ad

lum senatorum
et

agens, liberalis in cunctos, publice privatimque ditans

augendum fiscum omnes

honoribus augens, quos vel mediocri familiaritate cogno-

visset, per
10 civitatibus

orbem terrarum aedificans multa, immunitates tribuens, nihil non tranquillum et placidum

omni eius aetate unus senator damnatus sit atque is tamen per senatum ignorante Traiano. Ob haec per orbem terrarum deo proximus nihil non venerationis
agens, adeo ut

meruit et vivus et mortuus.

15 5.

Inter alia dicta hoc ipsius fertur egregium.

AmicTs

enim culpantibus, quod nimium circa omnes communis esset,^ respondit talem se imperatorem esse privatis, quales esse
sibi

imperatores privatus optasset.

Post ingentem igitur

gloriam belli domique quaesitam e Perside rediens apud

20

Seleuciam Isauriae profluvio ventris exstinctus

est.

Obiit

autem
cimo.

aetatis

anno sexagesimo

tertio,

mense nono, die

intra

quarto, imperii nono decimo,

mense

sexto, die quinto de-

Inter Divos relatus est solusque

est.

omnium

urbem
quod
ut

sepultus

Ossa conlata in urnam auream in

Htiius

foro,

25 aedificavit,

sub columna posita sunt, cuius altitude cxliv

pedes habet.

tantum memoriae delatum

est

usque ad nostram aetatem non

acclametur, nisi
in
'

aliter in senatu prlncipibus

Felicior Augusto,^ melior Traiano.'

Adeo

eo gloria bonitatis obtinuit, ut vel adsentantibus vel

4 H. 542, I M. 289 A. & G. 298 G. 428 B. 338, 1, c. 2 H. 516, II M. 357 A. & G. 321 G. 541 B. 286, 1. 8 H. 417 M. 239, 1 A. & G. 247 G. 398 B. 217, 1.
; ; ;
; ; ;

76
vere

EUTROPI BREVIARII
laudantibus

occasionem

magnificentissimi

praestet

exempli.

Hadrian Emperor, 117-138

6.

a.d.

Deftincto Traiano Aelius Hadrianus ^reatus est prin-

ceps, sine aliqua quidein voluntate TraianI, sed

5 Plotlna,

operam dante

Traiani uxore

nam eum

Traianus, qiiamquam

consobrinae suae

filiiim,

vivus noluerat adoptare.

Natus

et ipse Italicae in Hispania.

Qui Traiani gloriae invidens

statim provincias tres rellquit, quas Traianus addiderat, et

de Assyria, Mesopotamia, Armenia revocavit

10

exercittis

ac

finem imperil esse voluit Euphraten.

Idem de Dacia facere

conatum amid deterruerunt, ne multi elves RomanI barbaris

traderentur, propterea quia Traianus victa Dacia ex toto

orbe

Romano

mfinitas eo copias

hominum

transtulerat ad

agros et urbes colendas.

15 ball viris
7.

Dacia enim diuturno bello Deciimperii sui tempore habuit, semel

fuerat exhausta.

Pacem tamen omni

tantum per praesidem dimicavit.

cumiit; multa aediiicavit.

Orbem Eomanum

cir-

Facundissimus Latino sermone,

Graeco erudltissimus
sciplinam.

fuit.

Non magnam clementiae

gloriam

20 habuit, diligentissimus

Obiit in

tamen circa aerarium et militum diCampania maior sexagenario, imperii

honores, tamen

anno vicesimo primo, niense decimo, die vicesimo nono.

Senatus
ei tribuere noluit divlnos

cum

suc-

cessor ipsius T. Aurelius Antoninus Fulvius hoc vehementer

25 exigeret, etsi

imiversi senatorgs palam resisterent,

tandem

obtinuit.

Antoninus Pius Emperor, 138-161 a.d.

8.

ErgO Hadrians successit T. Antoninus Fulvius Boionius,

claro, sed

Idem etiam Pius nominStus, genere

n6n admodum

LIBER

VIII.

77
confera-

vetere, vir Insignis et qui merito

tur,^ ita

Numae Pompilio

ut

Eomulo Traianus
in

aeqiietur.

Vixit ingenti hone-

state

privatus, maiore

imperio, nulli acerbus, cunctis

benignus, in re militari moderata gloria, dgfendere magis

5

provincias quain amplificare studens, viros aequissimos ad

administrandam rem publicam quaerSns, bonis honorem

habens, improbos sine aliqua acerbitate detestans, regibns
anncis venerabilis non minus

quam

terribilis,

adeo ut bar-

barorum plurimae nationes depositis armis ad eum contro10 versias

suas litesque deferrent sententiaeque parerent.

Hic

ante imperium ditissimus opes quidem omnes suas stipendiis

militum

et circa

amicos liberalltatibus minuit, verum

reliquit.

aerarium opulentum
dictus est.
15

Pius

proi)ter

clementiam
imperii

Obiit apud Loriuni, vlllam suani, miliario ab

tertio,

urbe duodecimo, vitae anno septuagesimo vicesimo

tertio,

atque inter Divos relatus est et merito

consecratus.

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus EmperorSy 161-169

9.

a.d.

Post hunc imperavit M. Antoninus V6rus, hand dubie

nobilissimus, quippe
20 lio,

cum

eius origo paterna a

Numa

Pompi-

materna a

Salleiitino rege penderet, et

cum eo L. Annius
res ptiblica

Antoninus Verus.

Tumque primum Rom ana

duobus aequo iure imperium administrantibus pSruit, cum

usque ad eos singulos semper habuisset Augustos.
genere inter se coniuncti fuerunt et adfinitate.
25

Hi

et

Nam

Verus
lia-

Annius Antoninus M. Antonini filiam in matrimonium

buit,

M. autem Antoninus gener Antonini Pii fuit per uxorem Galeriam Faustinam iuniorem, consobrinam suam.
10.

Hi bellum
H. 503, I
;

contra Parthos gesserunt, qui post victoriam

383, 1

M.

A.

&

G. 320

G. 631,

B. 283,

1.

78

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Traiani turn piimuin rebellaverant.
profectus
est.

Verus Antoninus ad id

Qui Antiochiae

et circa

Armenian! agens multa

Seleuclam, Assyriae

per duces suos et ingentia patravit.

urbem nobilissimam, cum quadringentis mllibus hominum Cum fratre eodemcepit; Parthicum triumphum revexit. Obiit tamen in Venetia, cum a que^ socero triumphavit. Concordia civitate Altinum proficlsceretur et cum fratre
in vehiculo sederet, subito sanguine ictus, casu

morbi quern
civllis, reve-

Graecl apoplexin vocant.

10 rentia

Vir ingenii parum

tamen

fratris nihil

umquam

atrox ausus.

Cum obisset

undecimo imperil anno,

inter deos relatus est.

Marcus Aurelius
11.

reigns alone,

169-180 a.d.

Post

quem
15

mirari f acilius quis

eum M. Antoninus solus rem publicam tenuit, vir quam laudare possit. A principio
quoque vultum
Philosophiae de-

vitae tranquillissimus, adeo ut ex mfantia

nee ex gaudio nee ex maerore mutaverit.

ditus Stoicae, ipse etiam

non solum

vltae moribus, sed etiam

erudltione philosophus.
nis

Tantae admirationis adhuc iuveparaverit Hadrianus relinquere,

ei idcirco esse vo-

ut

eum successorem

adoptato tamen Antonino Pio generum

20 luerit, ut

hoc ordine ad imperium perveniret.

*

12.

Institutus est ad philosophiam per Apollonium

Chal-

c^donium, ad scientiam litterarum Graecarum per Sextum

Chaeronensem, Pliitarchi nepotem, Latinas autera eum

teras Fronto, orator nobilissimus, docuit.
25

lit-

Hic cum omnibus

Provincias
in-

Romae aequo
imperii fastigio

iure egit, ad nullam Insolentiam elatus est

;

liberalitatis

promptissimae.

genti benignitate et moderatione tractavit.

Contra GermSr

H. 451, 3 M. 446 A. &. G. 195, e G. 310 B. 248, 1. H. 415, I, N. 1 M. 247, 3 A. & G. 240, h G. 401 B. 141.
; ;

LIBER

VIII.

79

nos eo prlncipe res feliciter gestae sunt.

gessit

Bellum ipse unum Marcomannicum, sed quantum nulla memoria fuit,

adeo ut Punicis conferatur.

Nam

eo^ gravius est factum,

quod
5

tiniversl exercitus

liomani perierant.

Sub hoc enim

pars,

tantus casus pestilentiae fuit ut post victoriam Persicam

Romae
13.

ac per Italiam provinciasque

maxima hominum

militum omnes fere copiae languore defecerint.

IngentI ergo labore et moderatione,

tum

iugi triennio perseverasset, bellum

cum apud CarnunMarcomannicum coninter-

10 fecit,

quod cum

his QiiadI, Vandali, Sarmatae, Suevi atque

omnis barbaria commoverat, multa hominum milia

fecit,

ac Pannoniis

Commodo
15

Antonino,

triumphavit.

cum quem iam Caesarem fecerat, Ad huius belli sumptum cum aerario exservitio
liberatis

Romae

rursus

filio suo,

hausto largitiones nullas haberet neque indlcere provinciali-

bus aut senatul aliquid

vellet,

mstrumentum

regii

cultiis

facta in foro Divl TraianI sectione distraxit, vasa aurea,

pocula crystallina et murrina, uxoriam ac suam sericam et

auream vestem, multa ornamenta gemmarum.

20

Ac

per duos

continuos menses ea venditio habita est multumque auri

redactum.
tuit,

Post victoriam tamen emptoribus pretia

resti-

qui reddere comparata voluerunt; molestus null! fuit

qui maluit semel empta retinere.

14.
25

Hic permisit
et

viris clarioribus ut convivia

eodem

cultii

quo ipse

ministrls

similibus

exhiberent.

In editione

munerum

post victoriam adeo magnificus fuit ut centum

simul leones exhibuisse tradatur.

Cum

igitur fortunatam

rem publicam
30 tibus inter

et virtute et mansuettidine reddidisset, obiit

XVIII imperii anno, vitae lxi, et omnibus certatim adniten-

Divos relatus

est.

H. 423

M. 248

A.

&

G. 250

G. 403

B. 223.

80

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Commodus Emperor, 180-193
16.

a.d.

Huius successor L. Antoninus Commodus nihil par ternum habuit, nisi quod contra GermanCs fgliciter et ipse
pilgnavit.

Septembrem mensem ad nomen suum

ut

transferre
et obsce-

conatus
5

est,

Commodus

diceretur.

Sed luxuria

nitate

depravatus gladiatoriis armis saepissime in ludo,

deinceps etiam in amphitheatro

dimicavit.

cum
cum

liuiusmodT liominibus

Obiit morte subita atque adeo ut strangulatus

vel veneno interfectus putaretur,

et VIII
10 hostis

annis xii post patrem

mensibus imperasset, tanta exsecratione omnium ut

human! generis etiam mortuus

iudicargtur.

Pertinax Emperor, 193 a.d.

16.

Huic

successit Pertinax, grandaevus

iam

et qui sep-

tuagenariam attigisset aetatem, praef ectCiram urbl tum agens,

ex senatus consulto imperare iussus.
perii
15

OctogSsimo die im-

praetorianorum militum seditione et luliani scelere

occisus est.
17.

Post

eum

Salvius Itilianus

rem publicam

invasit, vir

nobilis et iure peritissimus, nepos Salvi luliani, qui

sub

Divo Hadriano perpetuum composuit edictum. Victus est a Severo apud Mulvium pontem, interfectus in Palatio.
20

Vixit mensibus septem postquam coeperat imperare.

Septimius Sevenis Emperor, 193-211 a.d.

18.

Hinc imperii Roman! administrationem Septimius

Solus omni memoria^ et ante et postea ex
fuit.

S.everus accepit, oriundus ex Africa provincia Tripolitana,

oppido Lepti.

Africa imperator
25 militaris tribunus,
1

Hic primum

fisc!

advocatus,
officia

mox
atque

per multa deinde et varia

243, 2
;

H. 429

M.

A.

&

G. 250

G. 393

B. 231.

LIBER

VIII.

81
rei publicae venit.

honores usque ad adininistrationem totius

Pertinacem se appellari voluit in honorem eius Pertinacis,

qui a luliano fuerat occisus.
saevus.
5

Parous

admodum

f uit,

natuia

Bella multa et feliciter gessit.

et

grum, qui in Aegypto

interfecit.

Parthos vicit

Pescennium NiSyria rebellaverat, apud Cyzicum et Arabas interiores et Adiabenos.

ibi faceret.
est.

Arabas eo usque superavit ut etiam provinciain

Idcirco Parthicus, Arabicus, Adiabenicus dictus
toto orbe
10

Eomano

reparavit.

Multa Sub eo etiam Clodius Albinus,

est interfectus.

qui in occidendo Pertinace socius fuerat luliano/ Caesarem

se in Gallia fecit, victusque
19.

apud Lugduiium

Severus tamen praeter bellicain gloriani etiam civilibus

studils clarus fait et litteris doctus, philosophiae scientiam

ad plenum adeptus.
15

Novissimum bellum in Britannia omni securitate munlret, vallum per cxxxii passuum milia a marl ad mare deduxit.
habuit, utque receptas provincias

Decessit

EboracI

admodum
reliquit,

senex,

imperii
est.

anno

sexto
fllios

decimo, mense

tertio.

Divus appellatus

Nam

duos successores
20

Bassianum

et

Getam, sed BasItaque

di-

siano Antonini
ctus est

nomen a

senatii voluit imponl.

M. Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus patrlque

successit.

Nam

Geta hostis publicus iudicatus confestim

Caracalla Emperor, 211-217 a.d.

periit.

20.
calla,
25

M.

igitur Aurelius fere

Antoninus Bassianus, Idemque Carafuit,

morum

paternorum

paulo asperior et minax,

Opus Romae egregium

libldinis, qui

fecit lavacri,

quae thermae AntonlImpatientis

nianae appellantur, nihil praeterea memorabile.

functus est
1

novercam suam luliam uxorem duxerit. Dein Osdroena apud Edessam moliens adversum
;

H. 387

M. 212

A.

&

G. 231

G. 349

B. 190.

HAZ. EUTROPIUS

82

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Parthos expedltionem anno imperil sexto, mense secundo,
vix egressus quadragesimum tertium annum.
blico elatus est.

Funere pu-

Macrinus Emperor, 218

21.
5 erat,

a.d.

Deinde Opilius Macrinus, qui

praefectiis

praetorio

cum

filio

Diadumeno
et

fact! imperatores

nihil

memo-

rabile

ex temporis brevitate gesserunt.

unius anni
fuit.

Nam

imperium

eorum duum mensuum

tari

Seditione mili-

ambo

pariter occlsl sunt.

Heliogahalus Emperor, 218-221 a.d.

22.
10

Creatus est post hos M. Aurelius Antoninus.

filiiis

Hic

AntoniiiT Caracallae

putabatur, sacerdos autem Helioingenti et mllitum et

gaball tempi! erat.

Is

cum Romam

senatus exspectatione venisset, probris se omnibus contaminavit.

et octo
15

Impudicissime

et obscenissime vixit,

biennioque post

mensibus tumultti interfectus est militari et cum eo

mater Symiasera.
Alexander Severus Emperor, 221-235 a.d.

23.

Successit huic Aurelius Alexander, ab exercitu Caesar,

a senatti Augustus nominatus,

ptoque adversus Persas bello

sissime
20
vicit.

admodum, Xerxen, eorum regem,

iuvenis

suscegloriorexit.

Militarem

disciplTnam severissime

Quasdam tumultuantes
ditorem.

legiones integras exauctoravit.

Ad-

sessorem habuit vel scrinil magistrum Ulpianum, iuris con-

Romae quoque

favorabilis fuit.

Peri it in Gallia
et die nono.

militari tumultu tertio

decimo imperii anno

In Mamaeam, matrem suam, unice pius.

LIBEU

IX.

83

LIBER NONUS
Erom the Accession of Maximus to the Abdication
OF Diocletian, 235-305
a.d.

Maximinus Emperor, 235-237

1.

a.d.

Post hunc Maximmiis ex corpore mllitari primus ad

accessit sola militum voluntate,

imperium

cum

nulla senatus
Is bello

intercessis^et auctoritas

neque ipse senator

esset.

adversus Germanos feliciter gesto

5 tor esset appellatus,

cum

a niilitibus impera-

a Pupieno Aquileiae occisus est dese-

rentibus

eum

militibus suls

cum

filio

adhuc puero, cum quo

imperaverat triennio et panels diebus.

Antonius Gordianus Emperor, 237-238 a.d.

Gordianus III

Emperor, 238-244 a.d.

2.

Postea tres simul August! fuerunt, Pnpienus, Balbinus,

Gordianus, duo superiores obsciirissimo genere, Gordianus

10 nobilis,

quippe cuius pater, senior Gordianus, consensu

militum,

cum proconsulatum

Africae

gereret,

Maximind

imperante princeps fuisset electus.

Itaque

cum Eomam

venissent, Balbinus et Pupienus in Palatio interfecti sunt,

soli
15
^

Gordiano imperium reservatum.

Gordianus

admodum
lanum
feli-

puer cum Tranquilllnam

Bomae

duxisset uxorem,

Geminum
intulit,

aperuit et ad Orientem profectus Parthis bellum

qui iam moliebantur erumpere.

Quod quidem
adfiixit.

citer gessit proeliisque ingentibus

Persas

Rediens

20 lippT,

baud longe a Eomanis finibus interfectus est fraude Pliiqui post eum imperavit. Miles el tumulum vicesimo
mlliario

a Circesio, quod castrum nunc

aedificavit, exsequias

Bomanorum

est

Euphratae inminens,

Romam
1
;

revexit,

ipsum Divum appellavit.

1

H. 384, 4

M. 208

A.

&

G. 235, a

G. 350,

B. 188,

1.

84

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Philip Emperor, 244-249 a.d.
3.

Philippi duo, fllius ac

x^ater,

Gordiano occiso imperium

invaseruiit atque exercitti incolumi reducto ad Italiam ex

Syria profecti sunt.

Romae
5

urbis ingenti
est.

His iraperantibus mlllesimus annus ludorum apparatti spectaculorumque

delude ab exercitti interfecti sunt,

celebratus

Ambo
inter

senior Philii^pus Veronae,

Romae

itinior.

Annis quinque

imperaverunt

Divos tanien

relati sunt.

Melius Decius Emperor, 249-251 a.d.

4.

Post hos Decius

stimpsit.

imperium
10 fuerat,

Bellum

Pannonia Inferiore Budaliae natus civile, quod in Gallia motum

fecit.

oppressit.

Fllium suum Caesarem

Romae

lavacrum
fllius,

aedificavit.

Cum

imperassent biennio ipse et

Senior meruit

uterque in Barbarico interfecti sunt.

inter Divos referri.

Gallus Hostilianus and Vohisianus Emperors, 251-253 a.d.

5.

Mox imperatores creati sunt Gallus Hostilianus et Galll

Volusianus.

15 fllius

Sub Ins Aemilianus

in

Moesia res novas

molltus est;
essent,

ad quem opprimendum cum ambo profecti

Sola pestilential et morbis
fuit.

Interamnae interfecti sunt non complete biennio.

Nihil omnino clarum gesserunt.

atque aegrittidinibus notus eorum principatus

20
6.

Aemilianus obscurissimg natus obscurius imperSvit ac

tertio

mgnse exstinctus

est.

Aemilianus Emperor, 253 a.d.

Valerianus Emperor,

253-260 A.D.
7.

Hinc Licinius Valerianus

in Raetia et

Norico agens ab
Gallienus

exercitu imperator et
1

mox Augustus
:

est f actus.
;

H. 410: M. 254

A.

&

G. 245

G. 408

B. 21P.

LIHEK
quoque Romae a

rX.

85

senatil Caesar est appellatus.

et

Horum

imfiiit

perium Eomano nomini perniciosum

iisque venerunt.
5

paene exitiabile
Gerinani

vel mfellcitate principum vel ignavia.

Eavennam

Valerianus in Mesopotamia bellum gerens

est,

a Sapore, Persarum rege, superatus

mox

etiam captus

apud Parthos

ignobili servittite consenuit.

Gallienus Emperor, 260-268 a.d.

8.

Gallienus

cum

adulescens factus esset Augustus, impe-

rium primum
ges^t.

feliciter,

mox commode, ad ultimum

perniciose

Nam

iuvenis in Gallia et Illyrico multa strenue

10 fecit occiso rat, et

apud Mursam Ingenuo, qui purpuram stimpse-

Trebelliano.

Diu placidus

et quietus,

mox

in

omnem
vastatis

lasciviam dissolutus, tenendae rei publicae habenas pro-

brosa ignavia et desperatione laxavit.

Galliis in Ttaliam penetraverunt.
1')

Alamanni

Dacia, quae a Traiano

ultra

Danuvium

fuerat adiecta, turn amissa, Graecia, Mace-

donia,

Pontus, Asia vastata est per Gothos, Pannonia a

est,

SarmatTs Quadisque populata

German! usque ad Hisibi

spanias penetraverunt et civitatem nobilem Tarraconem ex-

pugnaverunt, Parthi
20

Mesopotamia occupata Syriam

coeperant vindicare.
9.

lam

desperatis rebus et deleto paene imperio

Gallia, obscurissime natus,
ita

Romano

Postumus in
et per

purpuram sumpsit
Qui
civita-

annos decern

imperavit ut constimptas paene prd-

vincias
25

ingenti virtute et moderatione reparaverit.

seditione mllitum interfectus est,

quod Mogontiacum

tem, quae adversus

eum

rebellaverat Laeliano res novas

moliente, dlripiendani^ militibus tradere noluisset.

Post

eum
1

Marius, vllissimus opifex, purpuram

2, X. 2

accepit et secando
B. 337,

H. 544,

M. 295, 2

A.

&

G. 294, d; G. 430

7, h, 2).

"

86
die

EUTROPl BREVIARII
Victorinus postea Galliarum accepit

interfectus est.

imperium, vir strenuissimus, sed

quodani dolum

cum nimiae

libidinis

esset
est

et matrimonia aliena corruinperet, Agrippmae occisus

actuario
5

machinante,

imperii

sui

anno

secundo.
10.

Huic

siiccessit Tetricus senator,

qui Aquitaniam lion ore

praesidis administrans absens a mllitibus imperator electus

10

Seditiones apud Burdigalam purpuram sumpsit. pertulit. Sed dum haec in Gallia geruntur, multas militum Defensa in Oriente per Odenathum Persae victi sunt.
est
et

Syria, recepta

Mesopotamia usque ad Ctesij)hoiitem Odena-

thus penetravit.
Claudius Emperor, 268-270 a.d.
11.

Ita Gallieno
in

rium
15

rem publicam deserente Romanum impeOccidente per Postumum, per OdeiiS,tlium in Oriente
est.

servatum

Gallienus interea Mediolani

cum Valeriano
el suc-

fratre occisus est imperii

auno nono, Claudiusque

cessit a mllitibus electus, a senatii appellatus Augustus.

Hic

Gothos Illyricum Macedoniamque vastantes ingenti proelio

vicit.

Parens

vir ac

modestus

et iilsti^ tenax ac rel piiblicae

20

gerendae idoneus, qui tamen intra imperil biennium morbo

interiit.

Divus appellatus

est.

Senatus

eum

ingenti honore

decoravit, scilicet ut in curia clipeus ipsi aureus, item in

Capitolio statua aurea poneretur.

Qaintillus
12.
25

Emperor, 270 a.d.

Quintillus post eum, Claudi frater, consensu militum

est,

imperator el6ctus
1

unicae moderationis
;

vir et civllitatis,

H. 396, H. 399,

V
II

M. 222 A. & G. 215 G. 365 B. 203, 1. M. 226, 1 A. & G. 218, 6 G. 375 B. 204,
; ;

1.

LIBER
aequandus
latus

IX.

87

fratrl vel praeponendus. Consensu senatus appelAugustus septimo decimo die imperii occisus est.

Aurelian Emperor, 270-275 a.d.

13.

Post

eum Aurelianus suscepit imperium, Dacia Ripensi

Is

oriunduSj vir in bello potens, animi tamen immodicT et ad

5

crudelitatem propensioris.
vieit.

quoque Gothos strenuissime

Eomanam

dicioneni ad fines pristinos varia bellorum

felicitate

revocavit.

Superavit in Gallia Tetricum apud

Catalaimos ipso Tetrico prodente exercitum suum, cuius

adsiduas seditiones ferre non poterat.
10 teras occultas

Quin etiam per

lit-

Aurelianum

ita

fuerat deprecatus ut inter

alia

versti^

Vergiliano uteretur: ^Eripe

me

his,

invicte,

malls.'

Zenobiam quoque, quae occiso Odenatho marito

tenebat,

Orientem
proelio
15

baud longe ab Antiochia

sine

gravi

cepit,

ingressusque

Romam

nobilem triumphum

quasi receptor Orientis Occidentisque egit praecedentibus

currum Tetrico

et Zenobia.

Qui quidem Tetricus corrector

;

Lucaniae postea fuit ac privatus diutissime vixit

Zenobia

autem
14.

posteros, qui

adhuc manent, Romae

reliquit.

Hoc imperante etiam

in urbe monetaril rebellaverunt

20 vitiatTs pecimiis

et Felicissimo rational! interfecto.

Quos

Aurelianus victos ultima crudelitate compescuit.

nobiles capite
^

Pltirimos

damnavit.

Saevus

et sanguinarius ac neces-

sarius magis in

quibusdam quam in uUo amabilis imperator.

25

Trux omni tempore, etiam f ilii sororis interfector, disciplinae tamen -militaris et morum dissolutorum magna ex parte corrector.

15.

Urbem Romam
; ;

mtiris flrmioribus cinxit.

Tempi um

H. 421, I

H. 410, III

M. 253 A. & G. 249 G. 407 B. 218, 1. M. 251 A. & G. 220, 6, 1 ; G. 404 B.

; ;

208, 2,

h,

88

EUTROPl BREVIARII
Soli aedificavit, in
tuit.

quo infinitum auri gemmarumque

cOnsti-

Provinciam Daciam, quam Traianus ultra Danuvium

fecerat, intermisit, vastato

omni

Illyrico et

Moesia despe-

rans earn posse retinei% abductosque

5

agris Daciae in

Romanos ex urbibus et media Moesia conlocavit appellavitque eam

et est in dextrg
flueiiti,

Daciam, quae nunc duas Moesias dividit

Danuvio
ipsius,
10

in

mare

cum

antea f uerit in laeva.

Occidi-

tur servi sui fraude, qui ad

quosdam

mllitares viros, amicos

nomina

pertulit adnotata falso

manum
;

eius imitatus,

tamquam
inter

Aurelianus ipsos pararet occidere

itaque ut prae-

venlretur, ab Isdem interfectus est in itineris medio, quod

Constantmopolim

et

Heracleam

est

stratae veteris;

locus

Caenophrurium appellatur.

Mors tamen
referrl.

eius inulta

non

fuit.

Meruit quoque inter Divos

Tacitus Emperor, 275-276 a.d.

15

16.

Tacitus post hunc suscepit imperiuin, vir 6gregi6 mora^

Nihil tamen clarum
imperii morte prae-

tus et rei ptiblicae gerendae idoneus.

potuit ostendere intra sextum

ventus.
et diebus
20

mensem

Florianus, qui Tacito successerat, duobus mensibus

xx

in imperio fuit neque

quicquam dlgnum me-

moria

^git.

Probus Emperor, 276-282 a.d.

17.

Post hunc Probus, vir

inliistris

gloria militari, ad

administrationem

rei publicae accessit.

Gallias a barbaris

occupatas ingenti proeliorum felicitate restituit.

Quosdam
oppressit.

imperium iisurpare conatos,

25

scilicet

Saturninum in Oriente,

Proculum

et

Bonosum Agripplnae, certaminibus

Vineas Gallos et Pannonios habere permisit, opere militari

Almam

monteiu apud Sirmium et Aureum apud Moesiam

superiorem vlnels conseruit et provincialibus colendos dedit.

LIBER

IX.

89

Hie cum bella mnumera gessisset, pace parata dixit brevi Yir acer, strenuus, iustus mllites necessaries noa futures.
et qui

Aurelianum aequaret gloria

Interfectus
in turri ferrata.

militari,

morum

autein

civilitate superaret.
5 militari

tamen

est Sirmi

tumultu

Cams
18.

Emperor, 282-283 a.d.

Cams and

JSFumerianus

Emperors, 283-284 a.d.

Post hunc Carus est factus Augustus, Narbone natus

Is confestim

in Gallia.
sares fecit.

Carinum

et

Numerianum

filios

Cae-

Sed

dum

bellum adversus Sarmatas

gerit,

nim-

tiato Persaruni
10

tumultu ad Orientem profectus res contra

gessit.

Persas nobiles

Ipsos proelio fudit, Cochen et Ctel5t

sipbontem, urbes nobilissimas, cepit.

cum

castra supra

Tigridem haberet, vi divini fulminis

quoque,
rat,
15

periit.

Numerianus
dtixe-

filius eius,

adulescens

quem secum Caesarem ad Persas egregiae indolis, cum oculorum dolore

est.

corre-

ptus in lecticula veheretur, impulsore Apro, qui socer eius

erat,

per insidias occisus

Et cum dolo occultaretur

ipsius mors,

quousque Aper invadere posset imperium, f etore

est.

cadaveris prodita

Milites enim, qui

eum

sequebantur,

putore commoti deductis lecticulae palliis post aliquot dies

20

mortem

eius

notam habere potuerunt.

Diocletian Emperor, 284-305 a.d.

19. Interea Carinus,

quem Caesarem ad Partbos proficiscens

omnibus
se scelefictis

Carus in

Illyrico, Gallia, Italia reliquerat,

ribus inquinavit.
dit,

Plurimos innoxios

criminibus occi^

matrimonia nobilia

corriipit, condiscif)ulis

quoque, qui

25

eum

in auditorio vel levi fatigatione taxaverant, perniciosus

1

H. 391,

M. 214

A.

&

G. 234, a

G. 359

B. 192,

1.

90
fuit.

EUTROPI BREVIARIl
Ob quae omnibus hominibus
invisus non raulto post

poenas dedit.

Nam

de Perside victor exercitus rediens,

fulmine,

cum Carum Augustum

sidils perdidisset, 5

Numerianum Caesarem

in-

Diocletiauum imperatorem creavit, Dalobscurissime natum, adeo ut

matia oriundum, virum

plerisque scribae filius, a nonnullis AnullTni senatoris libertinus fuisse credatur.

20.

Is

prima mllitum contione

itiravit

suo dolo interfectum, et

10

cum

iuxta

Numerianum nullo eum Aper, qui Numeriano

msidias fecerat, constitisset, in conspectii exercitus manfi

DiocletianI percussus est.
detestatione viventem

Postea Carinum omnium odio et apud Margum iiigenti proelio vicit,

proditum ab exercitu

suo,

quem

fortiorem habebat, aut certe

desertum, inter Viminacium atque

15

Aureum montem.

Ita
in

rerum^ Komanarum potitus cum tumult um rusticani

Gallia concitassent et factioni suae

Bacaudarum nomen
et

imponerent, duces autem haberent

Amandum

Aelianum,

ad subigendos eos Maximianum Herculium Caesarem misit,

qui levibus proelils agrestes domuit et pacem Galliae

20 reformavit.

21.

Per haec tempora etiam Carausius qui vllissime natus

tus,

famam ggregiam fuerat consecucum apud Boiioniam per tractum Belgicae et ArmoricI pacandum mare accepisset, quod Fraud et Saxones Infestastrenuae militiae ordine

25 bant.

Multls barbarls saepe captis nee praeda Integra aut

provincialibus reddita aut imperatoribus missa

cum

suspi-

cio esse coepisset consulto ab eo admitti barbaros, ut transe-

untes

cum praeda

exciperet atque hac se occasione ditaret,

a Maximiano
30 occupavit.

iussus occldi

purpuram sumpsit

et Britanaias

I 11.

410, V.

.3

M. 231

A.

&

G, 223, a

G. 407, n,

2, (rf)

3- 212,

2,

LIBER
Diocletian

IX.

91

makes

stantius
22.
sent,

Maximianus Herculius Augustus, Conand Maximianus Caesars.

Ita

cum

per

omnem orbem

terrarum res turbatae

es-

Carausius in Britanniis rebellaret, Achilleus in Aegypto,

African!

Quinquegentianl
inferret,
fecit

infestarent,

Narseus

OrientI

bellum
5

Diocletianiis

Augustum, quorum Constantius j^er filiam nepos Claud! traditur, Maximianus Galerius in Dacia baud longe a Serdica natus. Atque ut eos etiam adfinitate coniungeret, Constantius privlgnam Herculi Theodoram accepit, ex qua
Caesare
Caesares,

Maximianum Herculium ex Constantium et Maximianum

10

postea sex

llberos,

Constantini

fratres,

habuit,

Galerius

filiam DiocletianI Valeriam,

repudiare compulsi.

ambo uxores quas habuerant Cum Carausio tamen, cum bella fruvirum
rei^

stra temptata essent contra

mllitaris peritissi-

mum, ad postremum pax

15

convenit.

Eum

post septennium

Allectus, socius eius, occidit, atque ipse post

eum

Britannias

triennio tenuit.

Qui ductii Asclepiodoti, praefecti praetorio,

Ita Britanniae decimo anno receptae.
in Gallia

oppressus
23.

est.

Per idem tempus a Constantio Caesare

est.

bene

piignatum
20

Circa Lingonas die una adversam et secun-

dam fortunam
sitate

expertus

est.

Nam cum
murum

repente barbaris in-

gruentibus intra civitatem esset coactus tam praecipiti necesut clausis portis in

funibus tolleretur, vix

quinque horls mediis adventante exercitu sexaginta fere

milia
25

Alamannorum
redactis.

cecidit.

Maximianus quoque Augustus

et

bellum in Africa profligavit domitis Quinquegentianis

ad

pacem

Diocletianus obsessum

Alexandriae
interfecit.

Achilleum octavo fere mense superavit eumque

Victoria acerbe usus est; totam
1

Aegyptum gravibus
;

pro-

H. 399, 2

M.

226, 1

A.

&

G. 218, a

G. 374

B. 204,

1.

92
scriptionibus

EUTROPl BREVIARII
caedibusque foedavit.

Ea tamen

occasione

ordinavit provide multa et disposuit, quae ad nostram aeta-

tem manent.
24. Galerius
5

Maximianus primum adversus Narseum

proe-

Hum msecundum
gressus,

habuit inter Callinicum Carrasque condimicasset; hoste com-

cum inconsulte magis quam ignave admodum enim parva manu cum copiosissimo
misit.

25.
10

Pulsus igitur

et

ad Diocletianum profectus cum

el

in itinere occurrisset, tanta msolentia a Diocletiano fertur

exceptus ut per aliquot passuum milia purpuratus tradatur

ad vehiculum cucurrisse

mox tamen

per Illyricum Moesiet

amque
15

contractls copiis rursus

cum Narseo, Hormisdae

Saporis avo, in

Armenia Maiore pugnavit

successti ingenti

nee minore consilio, simul fortitudine, quippe qui etiam

speculatoris

munus cum

altero aut tertio equite susc6perit.^

;

Pulso Narseo castra eius diripuit

cepit,

uxores, sorores, liberos

Infinitam extrinsecus Persariim nobilitatem, gazam

Persicam copiosissimam.
20 egit.

Ipsum

in ultimas r6gni solitudines

Quare a Diocletiano in Mesopotamia cum praesidiis

regressus ingenti honore susceptus
est.

tum morante ovans

Varia deinceps
et

simul et virltim bella gesserunt CarpTs et

Basternis subactis, SarmatTs victis,

quarum nationum

in-

gentes captivorum copias in RomanTs finibus locaverunt.

Diodetku}
^ij

ahrh'cates,

305

a.d.

26.

Diocletianus moratus callidg

subtilis

fuit,

sagax praeterea et
aliena
soller-

admodum
tissimus
1

ingenil, et qui severitatem

invidia vellet

explere.

suam Dlligentissimus tamen et

imperio
;

princeps et qui
3, 1)

Romano primus
c
;

regiae
3.

H. 517,

M. 382,

2 x.

A.

&

G. 320,

G. 033

B. 283,

LIBER
consiietudinis
^

IX.

98

formam magis quam Romanae libertatis iiivexerit adorarique se iusserit/ cum ante eum cuncti saltiOrnamenta gemmarum vestibus calciainentlsque tarentur.
indidit.
5

Nam

prius imperil inslgne in chlamyde purpurea

tantum
27.

erat, reliqua

communia.
et incivllis ingenii,

Herculius autem propalam ferus

asperitatem suam etiam vultiis liorrore significans.

Hic

naturae suae indulgens Diocletiano in omnibus est severioribus consiliis obsecutus.

10

Cum tamen

ingravescente aevo

parum

se

idoneum Dioeletianus moderando imperio esse

Herculio fuit ut in vitam privatam con-

sentlret, auctor

cederent et stationera

tuendae

rei

publicae

viridioribus

itinioribusque mandarent.
vit.

Cui aegre conlega obtempera-

Tamen

uterque uno die privato habitu imperii insTgne

MediolanI,

15

miitavit,

Nicomediae Dioeletianus, Herculius

inclutum,

post

triumplium

quern

E,omae ex
inltistrl,

numerosis

gentibus egerant,

pompa ferculorum

qua Narsei
Con-

coniuges sororesque et llberl ante currum ducti sunt.

cesserunt tamen Salonas unus, alter in Lucaniam.
20

28.

Dioeletianus privatus in
est,

villa,

quae baud procul a

ex

Salonis

praeclaro otio consenuit, intisitata virtute usus,

post conditum

ut solus

omnium

Eomanum imperium

tanto fastigio sponte ad privatae vitae statum civllitatemque

remearet.
2.">

Contigit igitur

el,

quod

nulll post natos homines,

ut

cum
1

privatus obisset,^ inter Divos tamen referretur.

H. 503, I M. 383, 1 A. & G. 320 G. 631, 2 B. 283, 2. H. 515, III M. 378, 6 A. & G. 313, d G. 587 B. 309,
;

3.

94

EUTROPI BREV lARII

LIBER DECIMUS
From the Abdication of Diocletiax
OF Jovian, 305-364
a.d.

to the Death

Constantius
1.

I and Galerius Emperors, 305-306

a.d.

His

igitur abeuntibus administratione rei ptiblicae Conet Galerius

stantius

August! creati sunt divisusque inter

eos ita

Romanus

orbis, ut Galliam, Italiam,

Africam Con-

stantius,
5

Illyricum,

Asiam, Orientem

Galerius obtineret,

sumptis duobus Caesaribus.

dignitate^ August!' Italiae

Constantius tamen contentus

atque Africae administrandae

sollicitudinem recusavit, vir egregius et praestantissimae

c!vilitatis,
fisc!

d!viti!s

provincialium ac privatorum
adfectans, d!censque

studens,

commoda non admodum

autem
culttis

melius

10 ptiblicas opes a pr!vat!s haber!

quam

intra iinum claustrum

festis

reservari, adeo

raodici ut

diebus,

si

am!c!s

numerosioribus

esset

epulandum, piuvatorum

ei

argento ostiatim pet!to tr!cl!nia sternerentur.

Hic non

modo
15

amabilis, sed etiam venerabilis Gall!s fuit, praecipu6

et

quod Diocletian! suspectam prudentiam

Maximian!

saii-

guinariam temeritalem imperio eius ^vaserant.

Obiit in

Britannia Eborac! principatus anno tertio decimo

inter

atque

Divos relatus

est.

Constantine Emperor, 306-307 a.d.

2.

Galerius, vir et prob6 moratus et egregius rS m!litari,

20

cum

Italiam

quoque sinente Constantio administration!

Ipse
1.

suae accessisse sentiret, CaesarSs duos creavit, Maxim!num,

quern Orient! praefecit, et Severum, cu! Italiam dedit.

1

H. 421, III

M.

247, n. 1

A.

&

G. 254,

ft,

G. 401,

s.

B. 219,

LIBER
in

X.

95
Constantio mortuo Con-

iUyrico moratus

est.

Verum
in

stantinus, ex obsciiriore matrimoiiio eius films, in Britannia

creatus

est

imperator

et

locum patris exoptatissimus

interea praetoriani excito tu-

moderator
5

accessit.

Komae

multu Maxentium, Herculi fllium, qui baud procul ab urbe in villa publica morabatur, Augustuni nuncupaverunt. Quo
nuntio Maximianus Herculius ad spem adrectus resumendl
fastlgil

quod invitus amiserat,

Romam

advolavit e Lucania,

quam sedem
10

privatus elegerat in agrls amoenissimis conper litteras adhortatus

ille

seuescens, Diocletianumque etiam

est

ut depositam

resumeret potestatem, quas

inrlsas

liabuit.

Sed adversum

xentl Severus Caesar

venit obsidensque
15

motum praetorianorum atque MaRomam missus a Galerio cum exercitu

scelere desertus Se-

urbem militum suorum

est.

est.

Auctae MaxentI opes confirmatumque imperium.

verus fugiens Eavennae interfectus

3.

Herculius tamen Maximianus post haec in contione

exercitus fllium

Maxentium nudare conatus

a
filio esset

seditioneiii et

convlcia militum tul it.

20

Inde ad Gal lias profectus est dolo

expulsus/ ut Constantino

composito,

tamquam

genero iungeretur, moliens

tamen Constantinum reperta

occasione interficere, qui in Gallils et militum et provin-

cialium ingenti iam favore regnabat caesis Francis atque

Alamanuls captlsque eorum regibus, quos etiam

25

bestils,

cum magnificum spectaculum muneris

Detectis
igitur
Insidils

parasset,

obiecit.

per Faustam flliam, quae dolum

viro nuntiaverat, profilgit Herculius Massiliaeque oppressus

(ex ea

enim uavigare ad fllium praeparabat) poenas dedit

iustissimo exitu, vir ad

30 procllvis, Infldus,

omnem

acerbitatem saevitiamque

incommodus,
&

civllitatis penitus expers.

H. 513, II

M. 375

A.

G. 312

G. 602

B. 307,

1.

96

EUTROPI BREVIARII
Licinius Einperory 307-^24 a.d.
4.

Per hoc tempus a Galerio Licinius imperator

el

est factus,

Dacia oriundus, notus

acceptus.

antiqua consugtudine et in bello,

gesserat, strenuis laboribus et
secuta.
offi-

quod adversus Narseum

ciTs

Mors Galerl confestim

flliis

Ita

res

publica turn a novis quattuor imperatOribus tenebatur, Constantino et ^laxentio,

Augustonnn, Licinio

et

Maxi-

mlno, novis hominibus.

sul

QuTnto tamen Constantinus imperii

civile

anno bellum adversum Maxentiuni

exitiis

commovit,

copias eius multis proeliis fudit, ipsum postremo

10

Romae

adversum nobiles omnibus

saevientem apud pontem

Mulvium

vicit Italiaque est potltus.

Non multo
Tarsum

deinceps
res novas

in Oriente

quoque adversum Licinium Maximinus

molltus vTcInum exitium fortulta apud

venit.

inorte prae-

Constantine the Great sole Ruler, 324-337 a.d.

15

5.

Constantinus tamen, vir ingens et omnia

efficere nitens

quae animo praeparasset,^ simul principatum totius orbis

adfectans, Licinio bellum
et
intulit, quamquam necessitudo cum eo esset; nam soror Constantia nupta Ac primo eum in Pannonia Secunda ingenti

adfinitas

Licinio erat.
20 apparatti

pressit

bellum apud Cibalas instruentem repentinus opomnique Dardania, Moesia, Macedonia potltus nu-

merosas provincias occupavit.

6.

Varia deinceps inter eos bella gesta, et pax reconciliata

est.

ruptaque
25 victus

Postremo Licinius navall

se dedidit et

et terrestri proelio

apud Nicomediam

contra religionem
est.

sacrament! Thessalonicae privatus occisus

res
1

Eo tempore
quod

Rom ana
H. 423 H. 235
;
;

sub fmo Augusto

; ;

et tribus Caesaribus,
223.
131,
1
;

M. 248 A. & G. 250 G. 403 B. M. 100, 1 A. & G. 128, a, 1 G.

;

B. 116,

1.

LIBER
iiumquam
alias, fuit,

X.

97

Italiaeque praeessent.

cum liberT Coiistaiitini Galliae, Orient! Verum msolentia rerum secundaruiu

ilia

aliquantum Constaiitinus ex
iiititavit.

favorabill aiiimi docilitate

perseciitus

Prim urn

necessitiidines

egregium

virum

f Ilium et sororis f Ilium,

commodae

indolis iuvenem,

interfecit,
7.

mox uxorem,

post iiumerosos amicos.

Vir primo imperil tempore optimis principibus, ultimo

medils comparaiidus.
virtutes claruerunt.
10

Innumerae
fuit,

in eo animi corporisque

^lilitaris gloriae appetentissimus, for-

tuna in

bellls

prospera

verum

ita

ut non superaret

industriam.

Nam

etiam Gotlios

i)0st
datil,

civile

bellum varie

profllgavit pace his ad

postrenmm

ingentemqUe apud
Civllibus

barbaras gentes memoriae

grfitium

conlocavit.

artibus et studils llberalibus deditus, adfectator iusti amoris,

15

quern ab omnibus

sibi et llberalitate et docilitate quaeslvit,

sicut in nonniillos amicos dubius, ita in reliquos egregius, nihil

occasionum praetermittens, quo opulentiores eos

cla-

rioresque praestaret.
8.

Multas leges rogavit, quasdam ex bono

et aequo, ple-

20

rasque superfluas, nonnidlas severas, primusque urbem nominis sul

ad tantum fastlgium evehere molltus

est,

ut

Romae

aemulam faceret. Bellum adversus Parthos moliens, qui iam Mesopotamiam fatlgabant, iino et tricesimo anno imperil,

aetatis

sexto

et

sexagesimo, Nicomediae

in

villa

25 ptiblica obiit.

Denuntiata mors eius est etiam per crinltam

magnitudinis aliquamdiu fulsit

stellam, quae intisitatae

eam Graecl cometen

referrl.

vocant.

Atque

inter

Divos meruit

The Sons of Constantine

9.

rule,

337-360

a.d.
fratris

Is successores fllios tres reliquit atque

unum

30 fllium.

Verum Dalmatius Caesar prosperrima

HAZ. KUTROPIUS
7

indole neque

98
patriKj absiniilis

EUTROPI BKEVIARIl
hand
miilto post oppressus est
siio,

factioiie

militari et Constantio, patrueli

siiiente

potius

quam

iubente.

Constantlniim porro bellum fratri Inferentem et

5 tis

apud Aquileiam inconsultius proelium aggressum Constauduces interemerimt. Ita res publica ad duos Augustos Constantis imperium strenuum aliquamdiil et redacta.
iustiim fuit.

Mox cum

et valetudine

improspera

et amicTs

pravioribus uteretur, ad gravia vitia conversus,

rabilis proviiicialibus, mlliti
]0

cum

intole-

iniucundus esset, factione Main castro,

gnenti occlsus
cni Helenae^
tis trlcesimo,

est.

Obiit
est,

hand longe ab HispaniTs

nomen

anno imperii septimo decimo,

aeta-

rebus tamen plurimis strenue in militia gestis

exercitulque per omiie vitae tempus sine gravi crudelitate

terribilis.
15

10.

Diversa Constant! fortuna

fuit.

A Persis enim

multa

et gravia perpessus saepe captis oppidls, obsessTs urbibus,

caesis exercitibus, niillumque el contra

proelium

fuit, nisi

Saporem prosperum quod apud Singara hand dubiam victoPost

riam ferocia militum amisit, qui pfignam seditiose et stolide

20

contra rationem belli die iam praecipiti poposcerunt.

Constantis necem Magnentio Italiam, Africam, Gallias obti-

nente etiam Illyricum res novas habuit, Vetranione ad im-

perium consensu militum

et cunctis
25

electo.

Quem grandaevum iam

et felicitate mllitiae

amabilem diuturnitate

ad

tuendum Illyricum principem creaverunt,

morum veterum

ac iucundae civllitatis,

probum et sed omnium llberaviruni

lium artium expertem adeo ut ne elementa quidem prima

litterarum nisi grandaevus et iam imperator acceperit.
11.
30

lum

civile

Sed a Constantio, qui ad ultionem fraternae necis belcommoverat, abrogatum est Vetranioni imperium

H. 387,

N. 1

M.

212, n. 2

A.

&

G. 231, b

G. 349, r. 6

B. 190,

1.

LIBER

X.

99

novo inusitatoque more consensu militum deponere insigne

compulsus.

Romae quoque tumultus

filio,
^

fuit Nepotiano,

Con-

stantml sororis

per gladiatoriam

manum

imperiuni
est.

vlndicante, qui saevis exordiis

5

dlgnuni exitum nactus

Vicesimo enim atque octavo die a Magnentianis ducibus

oppressus poenas dedit.

Caput eius

pllo per

urbem circum-

latum

est,

gravissimaeque proscrlptiones et nobilium caedes

post Magnentius apud

fuerunt.
12.
10

Non multo

acie est ac paene captus.

Mursam proiiigatus Ingentes Roman! imperii vires ea

securitatisque

dimicatione constimptae sunt, ad quaelibet bella externa

idoneae, quae
conferre.

multum triumphorum possent ^

OrientI

mox

a Constantio Caesar est datus patrui

proeliis victus

filius Gallus,
15

Magnentiusque diversls
attulit

vim

vitae

suae apud Lugdunuin

frater

imperil anno tertio,

mense septimo,

quoque eius Decentius Senonibus,

incivlli-

quem ad tuendas
13.

Gallias Caesarem miserat. Per haec tempora etiam a Constantio multls

est, vir

bus gestis Gallus Caesar occisus

20

natura ferus et ad
licuisset.^

tyrrannidem pronior,

si

suo

iiire

imperare

Silva-

nus quoque in Gallia res novas molltus ante diem trlcesimum exstinctus est, solusque imperio Romano eo tempore
Constantius princeps et Augustus
14.
25

fuit.

Mox

lulianum Caesarem ad Gallias

el

misit,

patruelem
sorore,

suum, Galli fratrem, tradita

in

matrimonium

cum multa oppida

barbarl exptignassent, alia obsiderent,

ubique foeda vastitas esset

dubia iam calamitate

Romanumque imperium

noii

nCitaret.

quo modicls

copils

apud

Argentoratum, Galliae urbem, ingentes Alamannorum copiae

1

2 3

H. 421, III M. 238, 2 A. & G. 245, , 1 G. 897, n. 2 B. 226, A. & G. 320 G. 631, 2 B. 282, 3, H. 503, II, 2 M. 383, 1 H. 510 M. 366 A. & G. 308 G. 597 B. 304, 1.
; ;

2.

100

EUTROPI BREVIARII

exstinctae sunt, rex nobilissimus captus, Galliae restittitae.

baros gesta sunt summotlque ultra

finibus suis

Multa postea per eundem lulianum egregie adversum barRhenum Germanl et

Romanum imperium

restitutum.

Julian Emperor, 360-363 a.d.

5

15.

Neque multo post, cum Germaniciani

est,

exercitus a Gallia-

rum

praesidio tollerentur, consensu niilitum lulianus factus

interiectoque anno ad Illyricum obtinendum

Augustus

profectus Constantio Parthicis proeliis occupato.

Qui rebus
inter

cognitis ad bellum civile conversus in itinere obiit

10

Ciliciam Cappadociamque anno imperil octavo et tricesimo,

aetatis quinto et quadragesimo,
ferrl, vir

meruitque inter Divos

re^

egregiae tranquillitatis, placidus,

nimium amicis

et familiaribus credens,

mox

etiam uxoribus deditior, qui

se modestia egerit, fami-

tamen primis imperil annis ingenti

15

liarium etiam lociipletator neque inhonores sinens,

laboriosa expertus fuisset
l^ensior, si susplcio
officia,

quorum

ad severitatem tamen pro-

imperil moveretur, mitis alias, et cuius

bellis
sit

in civilibus

magis quam in externis

laudanda

fortuna.

Eutropius takes part in the Parthian Expedition, 363 a.d.

20

16.

Hinc

Iiilianus

rerum potitus

est ingentique apparatu

Parthls intulit bellum, cui expeditioni ego quoque interfui.

Aliquot oppida et castella Persarum in deditionem accepit

vel
VI

expugnavit Assyriamque
statlva
se

populatus
liabuit.

castra

Ctesiphontem
25 victor,

aliquamdiu

apud Remeansque

dum

inconsultius proeliis Inserit, hostlli

manu

interfectus est vi Kal. lul., imperil anno septimo, aetatis

H. 386,

II

M. 205; A. & G. 227

G. 340; B. 187,

II, a.

LIBEK

X.

101

altero et tricesimo atque inter Divos relatus est, vir egregius

et

rem publicam msigniter luoderaturus,

ut

si

per fata licuisset.

Liberalibus discipllnls apprime erudltus, Graecis doctior

atque adeo

Latlna erudltio nequaquam

cum Graeca

5 scientia conveniret, facundia ingenti et prompta,

tenacissimae, in
llberalis,

memoriae quibusdam philosoplio proprior. In amicos sed minus dlligens quam tantum principem decuit.
itistissimus
et tribiitorum,

Fuerunt enim nonnulli qui vulnera gloriae eius inferrent.

In provinciales
10

quatenus

fieri

posset, repressor.

Civil is in cunctos,

mediocrem liabens

aeraril curam, gloriae avidiis ac per

eam animi plerumque

absimilis,

immodici, religionis Christianae nimius Insectator, perinde

tamen ut cruore

abstineret,

M. Antonino non

quem etiam aemularl

studebat.

Jovian Emperor, 363-364 a.d.

15

17.

Post liunc lovianus, qui tunc domesticus militabat,

exercittis lectus est,

ad obtinendum imperium consensu

batls rebus exercitu

com-

mendatione patris mllitibus quam sua

atque altero proelio victus paceni
20

notior.

Qui

iani tur-

quoque inopia laborante uno a Persis

cum

Sapore, necessarian!

quidem, sed ignobilem,

imperil

fecit

multatus flnibus^ ac nonnulla

RomanI
et

parte tradita.

Quod
accldit.

ante

eum

annis mllle

centum

duobus de viginti
erat,

fere,

ex qu(3 lidmanum impeQiiln etiam legiones

rium conditum

numquam

nostrae ita et apud Caudiuin per

25

Hispania apud Xumantiam

sunt, ut nihil

et in

Pontium Teleslnum et in Numidia sub iugum missae

tamen finium traderetur.

fuit

Ea

pacis condicio

non penitus reprehendenda

turn

foret, si foederis necessitatem

cum integrum
1

mutare
A.

voluisset, sicut a

Romanis
225.

II.

410, TIT

M. 251

&

G. 220,

h, 1

O. 404

13.

102

EUTROPI BREVIARII LIBER

bellis,

X.
est.

omnibus his
et

quae commemoravl, factum

Nam
imperii

Samnltibus et Numantlnis et Numidls confestim bella

inlata sunt neque

pax rata

fuit.

Sed

dum aemulum
parum

veretur, intra Orientem residens gloriae

5

consuluit.

Itaque iter ingressus atque Illyricum petens in Galatiae

finibus repentina morte obiit, vir alias neque iners neque

imprudens.
18. Multl exanimatum oplnantur nimia cruditate (inter cenandum enim epulis indulserat), alii odore cubicull, quod ex recenti tectorio calcis grave quiescentibus erat, quidam

10

nimietate prunarum,
iusserat.

quas

gravl

frigore

adolerl

multas

Decessit imperil mense

septimo, tertio decimo

Kal. Mart., aetatis tertio et tricesimo anno, ac benlgnitate

principum qui
1.5

el

success^runt

inter

Divos

relatus

est.

Nam

et clvllitati propior et natilra

admodum
millesimo

liberalis fuit.

Is status erat

Romanae
iirbis

rel

loviano eodem et Varroniano

consulibus anno

conditae

centesimo

et

octavo decimo.

Quia autem ad inclutos principes veneranest,

dosque perventum
20 reliqua stilo

interim operi modura dabimus.

Nam

maiore dicenda sunt.

Quae nunc non tam

scrlbendl dlligentiam

praetermittimus,

quam ad maiorem

reservamus.

ORAEGIA
(ACHAE4)
SCALE DF MILES

Thessaloaiba

samothrace

:hersonesu8 thracica
OAROAMA

LEMNOS

f
po^
vt**^

Pt 1 gaiwiiu

SCVRUS
6-

-55,

Dflphi

Chaeronea

4>

^
CHI(?S
>5i

Sipyliib M.

Smjirta
"^

Colo,pw)n

Atk<
Voiiuthiis'^

pVt*^
Olyinpia

LACONJA

Sparta

'

<^>?

jf

<->A'*^"*-d:?*^

\ c

ir,

-^ ^

^ .,^*

-^^^^*-

Athenafe

ro

cAH>A

v^;,,,.

|S10A

V-

^*^""

.u^J^!>^

"

CRETA

25

Greenwich

30

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The
following books have been referred to in the Notes.

While

the references are intended principally for the teacher, every student

should be provided with a copy of Creighton's Primer of

History.
If Eutropius is studied in connection
fail to

Roman

with this book, the

student cannot

obtain a fair knowledge of the main facts of

Roman
Ancient
Early

History.

Rome

in

the

Light

of

Recent

Discoveries.

Rodolfo

Lanciani.

Rome (Epochs
Bryans and F.

of History).

\V. Ihne.

Mommsen's History
C.

of
J.

Rome, Abridged R. Hendy.

for Schools

and Colleges.

Rome and

Carthage (Epochs of History).

R. Bosworth Smith.

The History of Rome (History Primer Series). M. Creighton. The Early Empire (Epochs of History). AV. W. Capes. The Roman Triumvirates (Epochs of History). Charles Merivale. W. W. Capes. The Age of the Antonines (Epochs of History). Myths of Greece and Rotiie. H. A. Guerber. The Story of the Romans. H. A. Guerber. The Development of the Roman Constitution (History Primer Series). Ambrose Tighe.

NOTE
In the Notes the references to Harkness*
forms, the
first

referring to the

New
104

Latin
CJ

Grammar occur in two Grammar (1898), the

second, in brackets, to the Standard Latin

ram mar.

NOTES
LIFE OF EUTROPIUS
Of the life of Eutropius we know very little. Only once in his work does he mention himself, Bk. X, Ch. 16. He was proconsul in Asia in He is said to have been 371 A.D., and praetorian praefect 380-387 a.d. the secretary of the Emperor Constantino the Great. The only one of his works that is extant is the Brevidrium, a brief
history of

Rome from

the founding of the city to

the

death of the

Emperor Jovian, 304

a. d.
it

He

dedicated the work to the Emperor Valens,

364-378 A.D., composing

probably at the emperor's request.

Through the republican period he follows Livy, whom he knows at first hand. Afterwards he takes Suetonius and the Augustan History for his guides. His style is simple and terse, and the diction is very good for the age in which the book was written. As a historian his judgment is cool and impartial. He makes some blunders, but mostly in the matter of A Greek translation made by a certain Capito, a Lycian, is mendates. A later Greek version by Faeanius is extant. tioned, but it has been lost.
hearth of the state, from which the household fires were kindled at cerLanciani, Anc. Borne tain dates," Ch. VI,
filius
in

Book
Page
7.

Ch.

1.

Line

1.

RomaRom32
;

num
ulus

note emphatic position,

:

Romulo
Livy, Bk.
2.

see the legend of

in

apposition
est.

with

qu'i^

and Remus
I,

Ihne,

p,

subject of putdUis

IV

Guerber,
:

p, 140,

quantum putatus
was thought
'

est

'

as he
' ;

Vestalis virginis the Vestals were a kind of nuns, six in number, who were priestesses of Vesta. It was their duty to keep the fire on
the altar in her temple in the

'

as

it

was thought

note that the Latin prefers the personal construction where

the impersonal.
3.

we

prefer

Forum

is

emphatic position.
.
.

burning constantly
its

'
,

'

evei'-burning

fire,

the latrocinaretur Her altar, with cum was the familv student should note the different
, :

105

106

NOTES
Subjunctive
viritli
.

[Page

uses of cum, viz.: Temporal, with

Indicative or
;

student should ascertain by analysis

of the

Causal

and Concessive,
alone
;

Subjunctive
compdruisset,
;

Absolute

thought what the Ablative is intended to represent,

it

Ch. 2
ctim
4.
.

cum cum
cf.
. . . .

and should translate

accordingly.

haherent, Ch. 2

The

literal translation

should seldom
urhe,

egissent, Ch. 18.

be used.

Civitate

a late

decern et octo annos natus usage, frequent in Eutropius. The (ndscoi^): 'having been born eigh- usual expression is tirhe condita, but
teen years'

'eighteen years old.'

for
Cf.
II,

Eutropius places the participle

for emphasis.

first

The more common expression

the numeral
is

duodevlginti.
et v'lgintl,

Romam
Lanciani,
'

vocavit

according to
derived

annorum trium
Ch.

Bk.

Roma
river.'

is

from

annum
Bk.
Ill,

agens
Ch.
7.
:

vlcesimum Bumon,

Roma

then would
river,'

aetdtis,
5.

mean

'the

town by the

and

urbem exiguam

this city are still

remains of Romulus, 'the man from the town found on the Pala- by the river' {Anc. Bome, p. 37).

tine Hill.

Mommsen claims that Ramnes, the Pal&tino monte the Palatine early name by which the Romans Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. were called, means 'bushmen.' The others were the Capitoline, Qui- Hence Roma would be the town of
:

'

rinal,

Aventine, Esquiline, Viminal,

the full expres-

and
sion

Caelian.
:

bushmen' (Mommsen, History of Bome, Vol. I, p. 71).

tlie

XI Kal. Maias

9.

fere

'

about,' indicating that

would be ante diem undecimum the statement is a loose one. Kalendds Maids, April 21. "In the 10. centum ex senioribus a Roman calendar it coincided with hundred of the elders ex or de the Palilia, or feast of Pales, the with cardinal numerals is regularly
:

'

'

guardian divinity of shepherds."

6.

used instead of a Partitive Genitive.

Olympiadis

the Greeks reck-

Tarquinius Priscus doubled the num-

oned time by periods of four years, ber of the senators, Ch. G. Before Olympiads from the Olympian the end of the regal period the numSulla Games, which were celebrated at ber was increased to 300. that interval. The starting point added 300 equites. Julius Caesar was 770 B.C. Hence the third year raised the number to 900. Augustus For the duties of the sixth Olympiad would be reduced it to 600.
called

753

B.C.

Some

prefer to recognize

of the senate
1

see Ihne,
15
;

764 as the date of the founding of Tighe, pp.49,

the city.
19, 45, 40.
8.

Ch. XI Mommsen, pp. 18,

Cn. 2.
city

condita civitate
'
'

'

the

12.

uzorSs

object of haberent.
of
its

having been founded = when the city had been founded.' The

Emphatic on account

position

before the subject of the verb,

Page

8]

NOTES
g,
1.

107
contrasted

Page
cedent
is

earum
:

the

ante-

as

with

death

by

ndtiones.

violence.
lit.
' '

commotis
been aroused
Cli. 2.

bellis
'

wars

leav'

Ch. 4.
to this

ing been aroused

'
;

wlien war liad

16. huic successit lit. one succeeded = his suc:

'

'

cf.

conditd civitdte,

cessor

propter raptarum iniuriam lit. on account of the wrong of the in that direction. stolen (maidens) = on account of 17. Albanos Alba Longa, the the wrong done by stealing the most ancient town in Latium, is maidens.' With raptarum sc. vir- said to have been built by Ascanius, ginum. and to have colonized Rome. After 4. non compamisset lit. he its destruction by Tullus Hostilius had not appeared = he had dis- it was never rebuilt. Its inhabitants appeared. were removed to Rome. At a later 5. ad deos transisse lit. to time the surrounding country was have gone across to the gods = to studded with the splendid villas of the Roman aristocracy. Livy, Bk. I, have been translated.' 6. per qumos dies through XXII-XXV, gives an account of the five days each.' conquest of the Albans. Ch. 3. 8. rex predicate Nomimiliario the Roman milestones native. were set up at intervals of 1000 bellum emphatic by position as paces, 5000 Roman feet, on the They gave the diswell as by the use of quidem. " The military roads. statement that during the forty-three tance from the place from which the years of Numa's reign Rome en- measurement was made, its name,
:

was note the emphasis. hic bella reparSvit in allusion to the former activity of Romulus
'
;
: :

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

joyed uninterrupted peace cannot the be looked upon as anything but a the
fiction or a
11.
'

name

of the person

who

erected
of

stone,

and the name

emperor.

the

dream."
:

reigning

The

phrase

conauetudine proeliorum

means
18.

'

twelve miles from Rome.'

. .

because of their habit of (waging)

alii

war.'

the other.'
.
.

alii: 'the one Eutropius uses alius

.

iam

putabantur
'
;

beginning to be thought
force of the Imperfect.
12.

in decern

Livy

I,

were with the meaning of alter. 20. adiecto Caelid monte lit. 'the Caelian Hill having been anXIX, says nexed = by annexing the Caelian
:

'

note the

'

'

in duodecim menses.
13.

Hill'
21.

cf.

conditd cwitdte, Ch. 2.

aliqua
:

=
'

ulld.

confusum annum and is 14. morbo

confused

'

fulmine ictus: lit. 'having modifies been struck by lightning.'

arsit: drdeo.

modified by prius.
:

i.e.

a natural death

Ch.

5.

22.

ex

filia

'

on

his

108
daugliter's side.'

NOTES

[Pagks

8,

Note peculiarity Marcius, the senate and people M. 33, n. 2 unanimously elected Tarquinius to A. & G. 36, e; G. 29, 4 B. 21, 2, e. the vacant throne. His reign was Page 9. 1- laniculum Mons distinguished by great exploits in laniculus, on the opposite side of war and by great works in peace. the Tiber, was united to the city by 5. circum the Circus Maximus. the Pons Sublicius. It was in a valley between the Palacivitatem this city, afterwards tine and Aventine Hills. Here the called Ostia, was situated on the left Roman games were held. At first bank of the river, about sixteen miles the spectators sat on the hill side from Rome. It was used as a port and watched the games being celefor Rome until the time of the brated in the valley beneath them. Empire. Tarquinius is said to have been the 3. morbo periit In the time cf morbo de- first to introduce seats. cessit, Ch. 3. of Caesar the circus was 1800 feet Ch. 6. 4. Priscus Tarquimus = long and 300 feet wide, and capable Tarquinius Friscus. When only the of seating 180,000 people. It was
of filia, H. 80, 2 (49, 4)
; ;
; : :
: : .

nomen and the cog noinen are

in late Latin.

written,

enlarged

many

times, until in the

it

they are often reversed, especially

fourth century

was capable
:

of

The legend
:

of the

seating 385,000 people.

Tarquins
their

is

as follows
fled

and chariot his native place, and settled at Tar- races, were the oldest games, and quinii in Etruria. He married an were celebrated originally in honor Etruscan wife, by whom he had of Jupiter by victorious generals as two sons, Lucumo and Aruns. At a part of a triumph. At first they his death Lucumo inherited all his lasted only one day, but the time father's property. Although he had was gradually increased until in the married Tanaquil, a woman of the age of Cicero they lasted fifteen days, highest rank, he was excluded from September 4-19. to all power and influence in the state. 0. ad nostram memoriam Discontented with this he removed our time.' to Rome with a large band of followenq)hatic position. 7. vicit ers. He and his companions were non parum = mdf/mim : a large received witli welcome, and were part' cf. non romparnisset, Ch. 2. and admitted to the rights of Roman intrSvit 8. primus citizens. He took the name of he was the first to enter the city Lucius Tarquinius, to which Livy celebrating a triumph.' A triumph adds Prisons, to distinguish him from was a solemn procession in which a
ancestor,
md7il, consisting of horse
:

Demaratus, from Corinth,

ludos

Romanos

the

LMl

lld-

'

'

L.

Tarquinius, the

seventh

king victorious general entered the city

of

Rome.

At

the death of

Ancus

in a chariot

drawn by four

horses.

Page

9]

NOTES

109

spoils

wings, the right sacred to MiThe taken in war, and was followed nerva and the left to Juno. by his troops and, after passing in magnificence and richness of this It state along the Via Sacra, ascended temple are almost incredible.
;

He was preceded by the captives and two

the Capitol to offer sacrifice in the was burned in the time of Sulla, who After being destroyed Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. The rebuilt it. following conditions had to be com- several times it was raised for the plied with (a) The general must last time by Domitian, who made it have been dictator, consul, or prae- more grand and magnificent than tor, (b) He must have actually had any of his predecessors. 10. per Eutropius commanded in the battle and comfQios menced it, himself taking the aus- occasionally substitutes 2)er with the pices, (c) The battle must have Accusative for the Ablative or Dabeen decisive and ended the cam- tive of agent cf. j^er eum multa a paign, (d) The foes must have been consulibns prospere ijpsta snut, Bk. f(n'eigners, and at least 5000 of them IV, 10. apposition with 11. regis eius must have been slain.
:

0.

murds

fecit

he began to sur-

A nci.
GUI cf. hide successit, Ch. 4. Ch. 7. 12. Servius Tullius the legend of Servius Tullius is as follows Ocrisia, his mother, was one of the captives taken at Corniculum,
: :
:

round the

city with a stone wall, a

work

his successor, Servius Tullius,

completed.

cloacas

the Cloaca

Maxima

is

a semicircular tunnel, 14 feet wide,

beneath the
existence,

city.

part of this
is
still

and became a slave

of Tanaquil, the

sewer, about 1020 feet,

hi

wife of Tarquinius Priscus.

Servius

and years goes on

purpose.
Its

after a lapse of 2500

fulfilling its

was born and reared

of the king.

at the palace

original

As Tanaquil by her

opening into the Tiber power of divination had foreseen

the gTeatness of the child, she perter to Servius in marriage.
is

near the Temple of Hercules in the

Forum Boarium
Capitolium
ter
:

still

in a

good suaded Tarquinius to give his daugh-

state of preservation.

At

the

the

Temple

of Jupi-

death of Tarquinius, by the aid of

on the Capitoline Hill. Its foun- Tanaquil, Servius became firmly The were laid by Tarquinius fixed in the royal power. Priscus. Its walls were raised by great deeds of Servius were deeds his successor Servius Tullius, and of peace, and he was regarded by Tarquinius Superbus completed it, posterity as the author of all their although it was not consecrated until civil rights and institutions. Three the third year after the expulsion of important events are assigned to him. the kings. It consisted of three He reformed the constitution of the parts, a nave sacred to Jupiter, and state. He extended the boundary
dations

'

110
of the city
wall.

NOTES
and surrounded
it witli

[Pages

9,

10

a acts was to abolish the rights that

alliance

Servius Tullius had conferred upon by which Rome and the the plebeians. All the senators Latin cities became members of one whom he mistrusted and all whose
established an important

He

great league.

genitus
13.

lit.
:

'

born
as

'

'

the son.'

wealth he coveted he put to death or banished. He surrounded him-

well as Tar- self with a bodyguard, by means Quoque must not of which he was enabled to do what be confounded with quoque^ the Ab- he liked. After several successful lative of the pronoun quisque. campaigns his tyranny caused the 15. fossas circum murum por- people to depose him and drive him Servian wall still from the city. tions of the 23. euntibus lit. for those goexist. the number of Ro- ing = as you go.' 16. censum 24. Gabios the city Gabii man citizens was ascertained every

quoque

quinius Priscus.

'

'

'

'

'

though not always with the name of the town, though pluperfect regularity, for the assess- ral, is in apposition with civitdtem. Page IQ. 1- Capitolio here the ment of taxes and the arrangefive years,
:

ment

of military service.

Originally

Capitoline Hill.
2.

the kings took the census.

After the

oppugnans
'
;

'

while besieging

establishment of the republic the

the city

a clause with

cum
is

or

dum
Taralso

duty was performed by the consuls. After 444 b.c, sj)ecial officers, called The cencensors, had charge of it. sus was concluded Avith the solemn ceremony of reviewing the newly constituted army, called a lustrum.

would have been more

4.

usual.

eius

antecedent

L.

quinius.

et ipse Tarquinius iilnior

'

a Tarquin

(but) younger'

= who
' ' ;

orbem terrarum
of lands
18.
'

lit.

'

the circle

was also called Tarquinius praenomen was Sextus.

5.

his

=
'

'

the world.'
:

Lucretiam

for the interest-

souls capita pression head of cattle.

' '
;

cf.

our ex- ing story of Lucretia, see The Story

of the Bomans,
p.
:

(32.

19.

in agris

others than inhabi-

eandemque
;

'who was
;

also
;

'

tants of

Rome

possessed

Roman citi-

zenship.
21.
Cii.

H. 508, 3 (451, 3) G. 195, e G. 310

6.

M. 446,
B. 248.
'

A.

&

uxorem
8.
:

'

as his wife.'

stuprSLsset
'

had offered

vio-

perbus
perbus,

Stuprdsset for stuprdvisL. TarquiniuB Su- lence to. L. Tarquinius, called Su- set, cf. regndsset, Ch. 4.
22.
:

for questa es7. questa fuisset the Overbearing,' from his haughty manner and conduct, com- set. Eutropius generally uses essem, menced his reign without any of the etc., in the Pluperfect Passive Subforms of election. One of his first junctive. For other exceptions see
'

'

'

Pages
Bk.
II,

10, 11]

NOTES
He
ordinarily uses
in the Plu21.

111
reddereiitur
lit.
'
:

9,

22.

cf.

coerceret,

ftteram, etc., for

eram
:

above.

perfect Passive Indicative.

8.

civiles
'

like

citizens

'

parens et ipse
i.e.

'

a relative

good
28.

citizens.'

likewise,'

as well as Collatinus.

ab expulsis regibus
;

'

after

He was

the son of Marcus lunius

the expulsion of the kings

'

cf.

post

and Tarquinia, the second daughter regis exactos, Ch. 11. of Tarquinius Superbus. He was 24. maxime pelleretur called 'Brutus,' i.e. *the Stupid,' 'had done the most to drive out on account of the mental imbecility Tarquinius. he feigned to deceive Tarquinius. 25. Tarquinio cf. isdem, Ch. 6. Parens., relative,' a late meaning. Note the emphasis.
.
.

'

10.

eum
:

refers to the king.

is exercitiis.
:

Page H,
retit,

1.

maneret

cf.

habeLivy,

qui
13.

antecedent

above.

regnatum est
'

lit.

'

it

was

3.

L. Valerius Publicola
II, 2, calls

ruled
14.

'

the dynasty lasted.'

:

Bk.

him Publius Valerius.

and
for his

annis

Eutropius and some

for

Owing

to

his efforts to secure the

other post-classical writers use the

rights of the plebeians

Ablative of

Time within which

populj^r measures he
licola,

was

called Piib-

the Accusative of Duration of Time.

'the Partisan of the People.'

The Ablative makes prominent the He secured the passage of the Valelimits that mark the time. rian law giving to every citizen con15. ubi plurimum lit. where demned on a capital charge the right
:

'

most'

'

at the most,' at the place

of appeal to the people.

:

of the widest extent.

Ch. 9.

17.
:

hinc

consules
suls

Ch. 10. 7. in vicem se each 'from this time.' other in turn. As the Latin has no at first they were reciprocal pronoun it is compelled to
'
:

'

called praeiores,

'

leaders. '

The conor-

resort to various circumlocutions;

cf.

I, 1 inter se, Bk. II, alium circumspectant. ganized by Servius Tullius, 8. tamen although both the coepere = coeperunt. leaders were slain. 18. alter eum note the fond10. per annum cf. annum luxe,

were elected by the Comitia

Caesar, Bk.

Centuriata, the

new assembly

10, alius

ness of the Latin for antitheses.

It

runt.,

Ch.

11.
:

tends to place contrasted words near

11.

quo morbo mortuo

'and

each other.
of this
is

Often the observance when he had died.' The Latin relaof assistance in determin- tive is very often best translated by
'

ing the meaning of a passage.

and with a personal pronoun. For

'

annuiim lasting one haberent the clause ne

20.
:

'

year.
.

the case of morbo.,

.

cf.

morbo., Ch.

3.

12.
sit.

iterum

construe with sump-

haberent

is

the Subject of placuit.

112
Cii,

NOTES
11.
18.

[Pagks

11,

12

Porsenna: LarsPoi- appointed was accomplished before

that time, he resigned. Ihne, p. 118
;

senna, king of Cliisium in Etruria.

He

aided the Tarquins as they had

Tighe, p. 05.
:

8. magister equitum come from Etruria. See Macaulay's he was aid-de-camp to the dictator and was Lays of Ancient Borne, Horatiiis. Ihne appointed by him. In the absence Romam paene cepit (p. 89) thinks that by this is meant of the latter he became the repre:

that the Etruscans conquered the

city.

sentative of the dictator.

.

9. neque potestati neither been can anything be said to be more founded by Telegonus, the son of similar than the ancient dictatoi-ship Ulysses. It was always one of the to the imperial power which,' etc. most important of the Latin towns, Imperium was the regular term for
. .
:

'

22.

Tusculum

said to have

and was a

favorite resort of

the

the

Roman
24.
'

aristocracy.

Cicero had a
'

trates.

power possessed by the magisHere it refers to the power

villa there.

of the emperor.
:

consenuit lit. he grew old = lived to be an old man,' over them 26. de his the
'
:

Eutropius explains for the benefit

of his readers the ancient dictatorship,

'

'

which had long since

fallen

regular

expression

used "for

triumph celebrated for over an enemy. Page 12. 2. f ataUter

fate
'

a into disuse, by comparing it to the a victory power possessed by the emperor.

lit.

'by

'

a natural death Ch.

?>.
'

'

cf.

morbo

1 1 Tranquillitas Vestra Your Serene Highness' V'alens, Emperor "Other of the East, 304-378 a.i^.
. :

'

decessit,
?>.

titles
:

used of
Tiia,
Tna.''''
:

the emperors were

nummis

money

' ;

particu-

Aeternitds
SerenitCis

Tna,

Clementia

larly small coins.

MCignitMo

Tua, Tua,

sumptum babuerit sepulturae 'had the cost of a burial,' i.e. was

:

Mdiestds

Vestra

in Latin of the classical

buried at public expense.

period tua would have been used, as

quern note its position. Cu. 12. 6. gener TarquinI: Manilius Octavius of Tusculum. 7. dictatura at times of great danger, when it was necessary for one man to hold the supreme power, a dictator viras appointed by one of the consuls on the nomination of the senate. The office was for six mouths ; but in case the specific object for whicli the dictator was
:
:

only one person

late Latin the

is

referred to.

In

pronouns of the second

person plural take the place of the singular, just as 'you' has taken
the place of
13.
'

thou.'

sub dictaturae nomine: in 45 K.c. Caesar was made perpetual

dictator.
Cii.

13.
is

17. populus=/)/^?>.s' here.

Populus

a collective noun, and so

lakes a singular verb.

Pages 12-14]

NOTES
'

113
of,' etc.

tamquam
18.

(in

the ground that

'

the consulship

One

of the
in

a late meaning.

regular
:

ways

of dating events

tribunos plebis these magistrates, elected by the plebeians in an assembly of their own (Comitia Tributa), were invested with the right of 'intercession,' by which

Latin
to

is

to give the

consuls for

names of the that year. Another is

;

reckon the time from the foundcf. ab urbe conditd, Ch. 18. they could stop all legislation that 15. qui erant: 'who bethey judged to be harmful to the longed to the Fabian household';
ing of the city
.

plebeians.

To make
'

their interces-

cf.

sion effective they were declared to

16.

centum ex semdribiis, Ch. 2. promittentes implen. . . :

he sacrosancti^ i.e. inviolable,' and dum sc. esse ; promising the senthe curse of outlawry was pronounced ate and the people that the whole
'

who harmed them. The First Secession of the Plebeians, as this was called, was the beginning
against any one
of a long struggle

contest would be completed

selves.'

by themtakes

Promitto

regularly

the Future Infinitive.

18. qui singuli: whom.'
:

between the orders,

complete
polit-

'each one of

and terminated
ical equality of

in the

the plebeians.
;

Ihne,

Ch. XIII
p. 91.

Creighton, p. 12

Tighe,

dbSrent cf. esset., Ch. 15. 19. unuB omnino superfuit

Ihne, p. 103.

see

Page 14. Ch. 17. 1. sequent! 19. per quos = ut per eos. Page 13. Cii. 14. 2. quam habe- tamen anno in the year after the bant optimam = optimam quam consuls mentioned in the last chap:

habebant.

ter.
5.
:

Q. Marcius Coriolanus from the city which he had conquered.

Cii.

15.

called
Corioli,

3.

QuTntius

generally written

Quinctius.

He

held the dictatorial

Ihne,

power

for fourteen

days only, and

p.

155
8.

Creighton, p. 21.
:

oppugnaturus
patriam

having completed his work returned the Participle to his farm. Later he was again
appointed dictator, and again proved
'his native

oppiujnavisset.
9.

suam
:

himself to be the deliverer of his

country.

city.'

12.

secundus

really

the

first

4.

in opere et arans: the post-

after Tarquinius, but the second in

classical writers

seem

to strive al-

order.

In an enumeration

of

most as much
strive for
5.
it.

to avoid uniformity

series the

Latin generally includes in expression as the classical writers

14.

the starting point.

Ch. 16.

C. Pabio et L. Vir:

togam praetextam: by me-

ginio consulibus lit. C. Fabius tonomy the badge of office is put for and L. Virginius being consuls = in the office itself. The toga praetexta
'

'

HAZ. EUTROPIUS

114

NOTES

[Pages 14-16

had a red border woven in it. It engaged in ahnost unceasing hoswas the badge of oflBce of the higher tilities with the Romans for more magistrates and priests. It was than three centuries and a half. worn by boys also until they reached 5. ipsos = eos. Eutropius often the age of manhood and by girls uses ipse for is.
until they married.
Cii.
6.

acie

note the difference of

meaning between exercitns, dymen, ab urbe condita: 'from the acies, and copiae. founding of the city.' diu obsidens: the siege is said the laws, which to have lasted ten years. 9. decemviri: the decemvirs codified, known as 8. etFaliscos: in classical prose the Twelve Tables, reinained the etiam would have been used. foundation of Roman law for a 9. quasi on the ground that thousand years. They were en- a late meaning. graved on twelve bronze tables and divisisset: cf. premeretur, Ch. were set up in the Forum that all 13. 11. Gain Senones: might read them. Every schoolsee Ihne, boy was required to commit them Ch. XXI; Creighton, p. 25; The For an account of the Story of the Eomans, p. 104. to memory. 12. apud flumen Alliam: the decemvirs and their legislation, see Creighton, p. 16 fight occurred on July 16, which Ihne, p. 167 was henceforth considered as an unTighe, p. 05.
18.
7,

altero

secinulo.

'

'

10.

ex

his

cf.

ex

senioribus,

lucky day.

Ch.

2.

secuti

occupaverunt
19.
:

cf.

11.

Virgini

f iliam

seeMa-

victl

perdiderunt, Ch.
cf.

caulay's Lays

of Ancient Borne, Virginia; Ihne, p. 173 Creighton,

;

15.

obsiderent
et ipse
:

stistineret,

Ch.

18.
*

p. 16.

21.

he

too,' as well as

13.

quam =
17.
is

sed earn.

Romulus.

Ch. 19.
of

PidenatSs: the town

said to have been coloIt

Fidenae

Book
Page
Ig. Ch.

II
3.

1. tribuni milisix consulari potestate its military tribunes with consular powre- ers and consular duration of office were elected by the Comitia Centubuilt. The office was open alike to 20. coniunzenint sS: 'united.' riata. Page 15. 2. victi perdi- patricians and plebeians. This was they were conquered and a compromise measure on the part dSrunt of the patricians when they were also lost their king.' Ch. 20. 4. VeientSni they were forced to yield to the demands of

nized by Romulus.

frequently

revolted and

was as frequently After taken by the Romans. destruction in 437 b.c. it was

re-

targs

'

Pages

1G, 17]

NOTES
3.

115

the plebeians to be admitted to the

consulship.

Anienem

the Anio, a tribu-

All the rights of the

tary of the Tiber.

cusative

consulship were given to

this

them by

Anienem is Acfrom the old Nominative

:

means without the honorary Anien.

nobilissimus
birth.'
lit.
'

privileges the holding of the office of consul conferred.

of

highest

Each year the

VGNO,
I, 2.

cf.
:

nosed.
cf.

people determined whether consuls

or military tribunes with consular

de senatoribus
bus,

ex seniori-

Bk.

4. L. Manlius his name is genpower should be elected. From the time of the creation of the tribunes erally given as Titus. The Story of with consular power until the open- the Eomans, p. 106.
:

ing of the

consulship to the ple-

5.

sublato

imposito

'

hav-

beians in 367 B.C., the tribunes were

elected fifty times

ing taken off his (the Gaul's) golden

twenty-three.

and the consuls necklace and having placed it on his The plebeians were own neck' cf. conditd clvitdte, Bk.
;

kept
B.C.

out

of

the

office

until

400
p.

I,

2.
(5.

Mommsen,
hinc
:

p. 03

Tighe,

in

perpetuum
:

'forever.'

100.
4.
7.

7.

fugati sunt

note the differ-

ence in form and meaning between fugdre and fugere. lit. 8. non multo post not for each of the cities. Ch. 2. 11. subipsis: 'under the after by much = not long after.' it was milia captivorum 9. direction of these i.e. the citizens customary to adorn the procession of Praeneste.
cf.
.

hinc,

Bk.

I, 0.

tres

egit

/.f'.

a triumph

'

'

'

'

12.

Romanis
decretus
10.

note the

name

of

of the victorious general,

when he

the people lor that of the city.

14.
:

se.

est

was celebrating a triumph, with the from the captives he had taken in the campaign.

sunt preceding.

When the

procession passed

placuit lit. it was up the Capitoline Hill to the Temple of Jupiter, the captives were led pleasing' = 'they determined.' aside to the Mamertine prison at the it flowed so lit. 17. ita fluxit foot of the hill and were strangled. = there was such disturbance.'

Ch. 3.

'

'

'

'

Ch.

4. 21.
:

L.
C.

Genucio
Fahio
.
.

conp.

Ch.
27.
12.

6.

11.

Latini

Creighton,

Bulibus libiis, Bk.

22.

cf.

consu-

I, 10.
. .

milites praestare

it

was

honor

delatus est
'
'

lit.

the custom of
states she

Rome

to

compel the

'honor second after Romulus was = honor second to that of Romulus,' etc. Page 17. Ch. 5. 2. miliario cf. miliario, Bk. I, 4.
conferred upon him
:

soldiers for the

had subdued to furnish Roman army. These

forces.
cf.

were used as auxiliary

ex Romanis
Bk.
I,

ex seniorihus,

2.

'

'

'

116
13.

NOTES
qui

[Pages
same time

17, 18

modus = modus
.
. .

qui

'

the

at the opposite end,

force which.'
14.

in front of the

new Temple

of

Divus
Al-

parvTs

rgbus

although
state

lulius.
7.

up

to this time the

Roman

was

Alexandro Macedone
:

small.

exander the Great. Ch. 8. 9. Samnitas a Greek 16. quae = eae legiones. duce L. FuriS lit. 'L. Furius form of the Accusative. The Samthe leader' = 'under the nites were offshoots of the Sabines, being occupying the hilly country between leadership of L. Furius.' who- the Nar, the Tiber, and the Anio. 17. qui esset optimus Their bravery made them the most ever was the best.' offered him- formidable rival of Rome in Italy. obtulit 18. sg In 290 B.C. they were subjected to self.'
:

'

'

Valerius: see The Story of the

Bomaiis,
20.
p. 111'.
.
.

Rome.
12.

commissa

pugna
:

cf.

Bidlidnus.

Q. Fabio Maximo called This Fabius was five

:

conditd civitdte^ Bk.

21. alls et

1, 2.

times consul and dictator twice.

cf.

He

unguibuB
:

ful-

triumphed over the Samnites, Marsi,

mine, Bk.
25.

Gauls, and Etrurians. He was the by a law passed great-grandfather of Q. Fabius Maxiin 181 B.C., the legal age of the mus, the hero of the Second Punic consulship was fixed at forty-three. war. 14. sS absente while he (PaThere were exceptions made, as in the case of Cn. Pompeius, who was pirius) was absent. 16. capitis damnatus lit. havelected consul when he was thirtying been condemned of the head = six years old. Page 18. Ch. 7. 1. Latlnl 'having been condemned on a
T, 4.

annorum

'

'

'

Creighton, p. 28.
2. 4.

capital charge
sc.

'

cf

our expression
rebus,

ex eorum pGgn% see

: :

populb.

'

capital punishment.

l^he Story of the

se vetante
Ch.
6.

cf parv'is
.

Romans,
5.

p. 113.
:

Se

the antecedent

is

Papi-

d5 his perdomitis

'

tri-

rius.

umph was
6.

celebrated on account of

their defeat.'

rSstris the Rostra or speaker's

:

Cn. 9. 19. T. Veturio sulibus cf. C. Fabio bus, Bk. I, 16.

:

c6ncnnsuU. .

platform in the Forum.

From

it

the

21).

vicSnmt

at the battle of

speaker could

command

the entire

the Caudine Forks, a narrow pass

Forum and
B.C. it

the Comitium. In 42 east of Campania. The commander was removed and set up again of the Samnites was Gavins Pontius. An- See The Story of the Bomans, p. 113, at the west end of the Forum. other rostra was constructed about sub iugum the yoke was formed
:

' ' :

Pages

18, 19]

NOTES
6. set,
7.

11'

by sticking two spears in the ground and fastening a third on top. To pass under the yoke was a sign of subjection, and is equivalent to
'

datuB fuisset
Bk.
I, 8.
:

cf questa fuis.

10.

ipsorum cf. per amios

:

ips'is,

above.

cf.

per annum,

our expression laying down arms.' Bk. I, 10. 11. actum: Livy, Bk. IX, VI, describes the
process.
21.

'

waged' agrees with

;

helium.
.

pax

soluta est

a Rocf.

Ch. 10.
15.

13.

sS

iunxerunt
I, 19.

man

general could not

make peace
ratifica-

coniunxerunt

se,

Bk.
:

with the enemy without the

tion of the senate
22. ipsis
:

deletae sunt
p. 114.

The Story of
:

Tarentinis the people Tarentum, a rich and luxurious It played see note on facta city in southern Italy. facta fuerat an important part in the war with fuisset, Bk. I, 8. Page 19. 3. aquam Claudiam Pyrrhus. The whole of southern
see note

and the people. on ipsos, Bk.

the

Bomans,
17.

Ch. 11.

I,

20.

of

induxit

Italy was known as Magna Graecia, was more com- on account of the number of cities Be- founded there by the Greeks. called 'Aqua Appia.' in the most tween seven and eight miles in in ultima Italia II. 497, 3 length, chiefly under ground, it was remote part of Italy the beginning of the magnificent (440, N. 1); M. 423; A. & G. 193; system of water works that distin- G. 291, R. 2; B. 241. guished ancient Rome. Four of 19. Pyrrhum auxilium poasked aid of Pyrrhus. these old aqueducts still furnish the po8Crunt water supply of modern Rome. Pyrrhus was regarded as one of the greatest generals that had ever lived. Lanciani, Ancient Eome, p. 68. 4. viam Appiam "the Appian With his daring courage, his miliroad was made in 812 n.c. to join tary skill, and his kingly bearing, Rome to Capua, and was afterwards he might have become the most This powerful monarch of his day. But carried as far as Brundisium. queen of roads,' as it was called, he never rested satisfied with any was a stone causeway, constructed acquisition, and was ever grasping according to the nature of the coun- at some fresh object. For an account try, with an embankment either of the war see The Story of the JRobeneath or beside it, and was of mans, pp. 115-121 Creighton, p. 31. was 20. originem trahebat such a width that two broad wagons claiming descent it was the cuscould easily pass each other." Q. Fabium Maximum: called tom of royal families to claim descent (Purges, the son of Q. Fabius Maxi- from heroes or gods. 21. primum for the first time. mus, mentioned in Ch. 8.
:

i.e.

he built the aqueduct

It

named monly

after him.

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

118
24.

NOTES
cepisset:
1.
:

[PacxES 19-21

Bk.

I,

duel

cf.

was noted for his extreme frugality and simplicity, as well as for his inthe construction with tegrity. He is cited by Cicero and
cf.

latrocindretiir,

praecepit, Ch.

8.

Horace as a type of the

:

Roman

citi-

Page
Bk.

20.

2-

auxilio

ci.

fulmine,

zens of the best days of the

Com-

I, 4.

monwealth.
18.

vicit: although the loss of the

cognovisset
Bk.
I,

cf.

latrdcind-

Romans was
first battle

nearly equaled by that

retur,
19.

1.
:

of Pyrrhus, the value of

winning the

voluerit

cf.

habuerit, Bk.

I,

was

at once

shown by the

11.

fact that the Lucanians, Bruttians,

Ch. 13. 25.

pax

displicuit

it is
;

Samnites, and
joined Pyrrhus.
.

all

the Greek cities

said that at first the senate wavered

6. quoB vidisset: 'and when he saw them lying quos = et eos ; himself to be carried into the senate cf. quo morbb mortud, lik. I, 10. house, their courage was revived. with their adverse vulnere word was remandatum est
.
.

but by the energy of the blind and aged Appius Claudius, who caused

'

'

'

wounds
8.

in

front';

i.e.

they died sent back.'

this

facing the enemy.

hac voce
these words.'
10.

lit.

'

voice

'

Page 21. 1 nisi posse this answer passed into a maxim of state. 4. ante quam note the fond
. . .

Ch. 12.

sibi

cf

Tuscis

Sam-

ness of the Latin for separating the

parts of this and other

nitibusqufi, Ch. 10.

13.

compounds

terrore exercitus:

'on ac- of the same nature.

'
;

count of his fear of the army

note

the difference in meaning between

the Subjective and Objective Genitive
;

veterem binorum 6. qualem

:
:

'

former.'
'

two

apiece.'

predicate to

Bomam

H. 440, 2

(.306, III);

M. 216,

' ;

what
7.

sort (of a city) he

(to be),'
cf.

had found
atjerentur.

A. &Ct. 217; G. 363,2; B. 200. 14. s recepit lit. he took him:

Rome
Ch.

'

comperisset,
11.

self

back

'

'

he withdrew.'
feint

This

march was merely a

part of Pyrrhus.
15.

on the
al-

honorifice:

the

Komans

Ch. 14. 18. occisuniin cf. note implejidum, on promittentes Bk. I, Ch. 16.
:
. .

ways regarded Pyrrhus as an honoraliquid: 'if something.' SI Imperf. Subjuncable enemy. polliceretur Their feelings towards Hannibal were entirely different.. tive representing the Future IndiH. 574, 17. Fabricium: C. Fdbricius Ln- cative in Direct Discourse scinus. He was consul for the first 646 (507, I, 527, I) M. 363, 1, 402
.
. .

time 283

n.o.,

over the Boii

when he triumphed A. & and Etrurians. He u. 1

;

G. 307,

1,

337, , 3

G. 696,

B. 319, B.

'

'

Pages 21-23]
19.
tlie

NOTES
:

119

dominum

indicating

that

their regular port of departure for

physician was a slave, as was

Greece.

usual at that time.

23.

Ch. 18.

17.

anno

sc.

ab urbe

Samnltibus: conditd. they, with the Bruttii, had joined 18. extra Italiam the Roman Pyrrhus against Rome. This was power was now dominant throughet
:

Lucanis

'

the second triumph of Fabricius

cf.

out the peninsula to the river Aesis

note on Fabricius, Ch. 12.

third time

He

the valley of the Po, however, was

still

was consul the

after.

two years
'he

reckoned a part of Gaul.'

24.

Page
the
3.

22.

2.

primus:
:

was

ginians.

contra Afros Carthai.e. Carthage was one of the

:

first to.

first cities
it is

of the ancient world.

It

was situated on the north coast of perished ingloriously in a street Africa, and was said to have been light, 272 B.C. founded by Phoenicians from Tyre Ch. 15. 6. urbis conditae cf under the leadership of Dido. ah urbe conditd, Bk. I, Ch. 18, Carthage had been the ally of 8. petierant for petiverant: the Rome in the war against Pyrrhus. shorter forms are more usual in tliis But the growing commercial activity
said that he
:

apud Argos

verb.

of Carthage caused jealousy to arise

11.

which resulted in the three wars for the supremacy of the West, 12. civitates = urbes : see note known as the Punic wars. The first on conditd cwitdte, Bk. I, Ch. 2. was from 264 e.c. to 241 b.c. The Beneventum its name is said to second 218-202 b.c. and the third have been originally Maleveutum, 149-146 B.C. It resulted in the capand to have been changed because ture and destruction of Carthage by of the evil omen it contained. The the Romans under P. Cornelius
cf.

Cn, 16. Bk. I, Ch.

de his:

de Jus,

11.

name Beneventum was

271 B.C.

given

it

in

Scipio Africanus.
III.

Creighton,

Ch.

Here Fabricius defeated Pyrrhus 275 b.c. It remained a

the

26.

rege

Siciliae

Hierone
all

possession of

Romans during Hiero was

the king of Syracuse and

the whole of the Second Punic

War
for

its

dependencies.

Nearly
in

the
of

and was thanked by the senate

its

rest of Sicily

was

the

power

faithfulness during that critical

the Carthaginians.

period.

Page 23. Ch. 19.

Brundisini Brundisium, -the
1().
:

2.

res magsc. siint

'
;

Ch. 17.
pie
of Brindisi.

the peo|

nae
3.
'
|

'

great operations.
:

It

modern was a seaport of Ca-

in fidem acceptae
they were
11.

were taken under their protection

labria, the chief naval station of the

i.e.
|

made

tributary.
:

Romans on

the Adriatic Sea, and

Ch. 20.

Liburnas

sc.

naves;

'

'

; ;

120

NOTES

[Pages 23-25

these were light vessels built after a

Lacedaemonii from Lacedaemon, model taken from the Liburnians, another name for Sparta. a sea-faring people that lived on Ch. 22. 22. ingenti praedS:
the east coast of the Adriatic Sea.
after a

victory a

portion

of

the

Duilius the victory of Duilius was due to a device by which he turned a naval battle into a land contest. His ships were furnished with grappling irons, by means of which he seized the ships of the enemy and then boarded them,
12.
:

booty generally was divided among

the soldiers.
23.

aubacta
fiiisset,

fuiaaet:

cf.

questa
30.
lit.
'

Bk.
. .

I, 8.

neque

infractua fuit

neither in any one was courage

'
'

when

the

Roman

soldiers

easily

broken by these = and no one's courage was broken by these (mis.

proved themselves superior to the fortunes) Carthaginian mercenaries. It was hia: sc. cdsibtts. the first naval victory the Romans Page 25. Ch. 23.

4.

continuae

had ever gained, and a column was erected

of Duilius.

in

honor of

it

'

repeated

'

one following another

break.
: '

to the

memory without any

6.

lit. it should recSderStur 17. poasent ctpugndsset^Ch.S. be withdrawn = they should with19. inde ex his locis : from draw. these places.' Ch. 24. 8. Metello a coin was
:

'

'

'

'

20.

triumphum
23.

egit

'

he cele- struck to

commemorate

this battle,

brated a triumpli.'

having the head of Metellus on the

:

one side and an elephant on the Metellus was consul a second victus eat 'he (Hamilcar) was time in 249 n.c, and was elected conquered.' Pontifex Maximus in 243 u.c. In cf. se re- 241 ij.c. he rescued the Palladium 24. retro ae recSpit repit, Ch. 12. when the Teini^lo of Vesta was on Page 24. 1deditionem ac- tire. they received in surceprunt on his arrival 10. venientem render.' in Sicily from Africa. 2. daque ad: lit. 'even up to' for aid = lit. 12. in auzilium
sc.

Ch. 21.

pugnatum

est

'

they fought.'

other.

'

'

'

'

'

'

as far as.

'

as auxiliaries.'
13.

6.

decern et octo
Bk.
I,

cf.

decern et

ingenti
17.

pompa

cf.

ultima

octOy
8.

Ch.

1.
:

peniicie, Ch. 21.

cf
.

in fidem accepit

in Jidem

Ch. 25.
18.

obtinSret
ggit
'

'

obtain

'

acceptiie,
11.

Ch.

19.
:

a late meaning.
cf.

a Lacedaemoniia
.
.

Pyrcalled

nihil
*
;

did not act

rhum
Ch.

auxiliiim

poposcernnt^

at all

i.e.

he made no use of the

11.

The Spartans were

privileges enjoyed

by

Roman

citi-

'

Pages 25-27]

NOTES
:

121

24. VI Idus Martias the full zens, but acted as a foreigner on the ground that he had lost his citizen- expression would be ante diem sexship when he had been captured by tum Idiis Manias; cf. XI Kal. It was so provided by Mfiids, Bk. I, 1. tlie enemy. 25. tributa Roman law, but there was also the pax peace provision that when a prisoner re- was granted finally on these terms turned he recovered his former Carthage was to evacuate Sicily, to The story of the return of give up the Roman prisoners withstatus. out ransom, and to pay a war indemllegulus is more than doubtful. according to the nity of 3,200 talents, $4,000,000, 20. uxorem one third down and the remainview he took she had ceased to be der in ten annual payments. his wife. Pagk 27. 1- liceret Page 26. ^ obtinuit he gained it might be permitted the subject is redimi his point.' no one ad- captivos. 2. nuUus admisit 4. redirent mitted (to the senate)'; i.e. the iuheo generally takes Romans refused to admit the am- the Accusative and Infinitive, but in bassadors. poetry and in late prose it sometimes 3. negavit = dixit non. takes lit with the Subjunctive. from the treas4. mansunim 5. se. esse. ex flscd ury Cii. 26. 8. contra auspicia a late meaning. nothing was undertaken by the RoCh. 28. 6. Q. LutStius: Cerco. mans without consulting the will of A. Manlius Torqudtus.
. .

'

'

'

'

'

'

the gods.

In this case the sacred

8.

quam venerant
Book
III

'

after they,

chickens refused to eat, this being had come.'

an unfavorable omen, yet Claudius

persisted in fighting.
11.

alius: in classical Latin

;
.

a?<67'
.
.

would have been used cf alii, Bk. I, 4. L. Junius

Ch. 27.
this fleet
15.

alii
is

this Ch. 1. 12. Ptolemaeum was the famous Ptolemy Philadel:

meant.
:

phus.

He was engaged
II,

in

war with

trecentis navibus

was not raised by the

is

state,

but by private subscription.

The
:

number
18.

generally given as 200.

'

king of Syria, for a long time, but finally concluded peace with him and gave him his daughter in marriage. He was
of
litera-

Antiochus

navem aeger ascendit

difficulty.'
.
.

barked with

vulneratus
22.

fuerat
8.

em- noted for his patronage ture and science. this cf 14. Antiochus:
.

was

the

qnesta fuisset, Bk.

infinTtuin
:

I,
'

name
very
great

of several kings of Syria.

The

one referred to here was Antiochus

II, called

(amount).'

Theos.
. .

aurl

cf. arqent'i,

Ch.

19.

grStias

git

'

gave thanks.

=;

122
16.

NOTES
Hiero
:

[Pages

27,

28

more properly the agreeing with Karthdginienses and

II,

king of Syracuse (See Bk.

19).

18,

governing Sardinienses.

During his reign tlie celebrated mathematician Archimedes lived. He became the firm ally of the Romans, and when the Second Punic War broke out he remained
true to his alliance.
of

nullum bellum habuethere was the socalled Temple of Janus, the gates of which were open in time of war and closed in time of peace. The gates
Ch. 3.
:

7.

runt

at

Rome

After the battle were closed only three times from Lake Trasimenus he sent a fleet the building of the temple by Numa with provisions and other gifts to to Augustus, viz. by T. Manlius, 2:55 the Romans and also furnished them B.C., and by Augustus in 29 and 25 B.C. with a body of light troops. lit. 'held out' 8. semel tantum 'only once.' 18. exhibuit Numa Pompilio regnante cf. presented.' sc. annis conditd civitate, Bk. I, 2. Ch. 2. 19. quibus
:
:

'

cf.

tempore, Ch.

1.

Ch.

4.

10.

illyrios: the Illyri-

20.

Ligures

they inhabited the

and made the whole Adriand Ionian sea unsafe for comEven the towns on the they served as mercenaries in the merce. armies of Carthage. Tliey were not coast were not safe from their subdued finally by the Romans until ravages. The Romans sent a force struggle. against them and compelled them to a^fter a long and fierce give up their conquests and to make Genua was their chief city.
(jf

upper part of the Po valley. They were of small stature, but strong, In early times active, and brave.

ans lived on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea. They were a nation
pirates,
atic

21.

dg his: cf. de his, Bk. I, 11. Page 28. 1- Sardinienses when

:

peace.
11.

ex

illyriis: de

I llyrfis would
:

a revolt occurred in Sardinia,

Rome
de-

be more common.

Ch. 5. V). Gallorum the Romans, recalling the terrible battle manded the surrender of the island of Allia, Bk. I, 20, were panicand an additional indenuiity of stricken at first. A large army was Corsica raised and stationed at Ariminum, 1 2(M) talents ($1 ,500,000). was obtained in a similar manner. where the first attack was expected. This was the beginning of the Ro- But the Gauls passed around the man provincial system. Each prov- Roman army, and, falling in with a

took advantage of
condition
of

the

exhausted

Carthage,

and

ince

was governed by a praetor and small reserve

taxes to the

force, utterly defeated

paid

Roman
p.

people.
;

it.

Instead of hastening to

Rome,
in

Hume and
ton, p. 39.
3.

Carthage,

102

Creigh-

tliey resolved to

put their plunder

a place of safety.
:

The Roman army

met them
finally

impellentSs

nominative

following them

Pages
near
battle

28, 29]

NOTES

123

Telamon, where the decisive Carthaginian.s began to prepare for a was fought, and the Gauls renewal of the struggle against Rome.
Hamilcar, the father of Hannibal,
:

were annihilated. 14. consensit

15.

'united.'

Fabio

Q. Fabiiis Pictor, the

Spain and conquered a large part of it. Probably

crossed over into
it

earliest of the annalists.

He wrote
frequently

was

his intention

to

make

this

Greek an account He history of Rome. quoted by Livy.

in
17.

of the early
is

province

the

basis

of

operations

against Italy.

But death prevented

Hastook com-

the realization of his plans.

tantum
6.
:

'alone.'

drubal,

his

son-in-law,

Ch.
cello

20.

M. Claudio Mar- mand

live

of the

empire Hamilcar had

he was

times consul.

founded
enlarged

in Spain,
it.

and organized and

the city of
its

This was his

first

consulship.

He

He founded

was one

of the chief generals of the

New

Carthage, which from

situa-

Romans in the Second Punic War. tion seemed destined to become a He captured Syracuse after a siege second Carthage in commercial imHe fell portance. In 221 c. he was assasof two years (Clis. 12, 14). At his death the command in battle 208 b.c, and was buried sinated. by the enemy with military honors was turned over to Hannibal, the
15.

(Ch. K)).
24.

idol
:

of

the
of

Mediolanum
:

the

modern enemy

the

army and the sworn Active Romans.

Forces were made. were assembled, supplies were prepared, and when all was ready Hanbetween expugno and oppufftw. 26. spolia called op'ima, were the nibal gave the signal for war by bearms taken from a hostile general sieging Saguntum. per Hannibalem cf. per f'llids, by a Roman general commanding under his own auspices. They were Bk. 1, (5. hung in the Temple of Jupiter 5. Saguntum a town on the This southern coast of Spain, said to have Feretrius on the Capitol. temple is said to have been built been founded by the Greeks as a It was in alliance by Romulus, who inaugurated the trading post. custom. They were won on only with the Romans, although by the two subsequent occasions, when terms of the last treaty with the A. Cornelius Cossus killed Lars Carthaginians independence was Tolumnius, king of the Veii (Bk. I, secured to the Sagun tines by both The capture of this town 19), and the time mentioned in this parties.
Milan.

preparations

expugnavit
:

note the difference

chapter.

Page

29.

<^"-

7.4.
:

was the first hostile bellum Puni- JRome and Carthage,

p. 40.

act of the war.

p.

112

Creigh-

cum secundum
the end of the

immediately after ton,

Fii-st

Punic

War

the

7.

amium

aetatis:lit. 'pass-

124
ing the twentieth year of his
'

NOTES
life
'
; '

[Pages

29,

30
set

=
cf.

at the beginning of the

war he

being twenty years of age

out for Spain, Ch.

decern et
10.

odd annos ndtus, Bk. miserunt sc. legdtos.

:

I, 1.

but finding that Hannibal had already left and

8,

ut mandaretur
be

lit.
'

commanded =
'

might be given.'
11.

was on his way to Italy, he went to might Gaul to encounter the Carthaginian that instructions before he should cross the Alps. Hannibal was too quick for him.
'

that

it

told that

of

dura respdnsa the story is when Q. Fabius, the chief the embassy, held up his toga,
:

Scipio returned to Italy and awaited

the arrival of the Carthaginians in

Cisalpine Gaul.

Near the

river Ti-

saying,

'I

carry here

peace

and

cinus, one of the northern tributaries

war

choose ye which ye will have.'

of the Po, the first

engagement

of

'Give us which ever you please,'

replied the Carthaginians.
then,' said Fabius
; '

the

war took

place.
;

The Romans

was greeted
13.

War, were defeated Scipio received a and the decision severe wound, and was only saved by the short-sighted from death by the courage of his
son Publius, the future conqueroi- of
cf.

acclamations of the masses.

adficiuntur: historical Present. Hannibal.

15.

Cn. 8.
16. Ti.

in
2.

Hispaniam
:

llomam, Ch.
17.

P. Scipio and his brother Gnaeus were killed in Spain, Ch. 14. Home and Carthage, p. 127; Creigh-

Sempronlus
there
is

sc.

Longus.

ton, p. 43.

Alpes:

a disagree-

Page 30.

1-

apud Trebiam am-

is a small stream Probably he flowing into the Po from the south. crossed by the Little St. Bernard For an account of the battle see pass, and came into Italy near the Home and Carthage, p. 130 Creigh-

ment

as to the pass

by which Han-

nem

the Trebia

nibal entered Italy.

present town of Aosta.

p.

Creighton,

ton, p. 43.
2.

41
19.

LXXX
is

Borne and Carthage, p. 118. milia peditum the

:

mvilti

dediderunt

it

was
to

Hannibal's policy to encourage the

number

of the forces of Haimibal

communities subject to
revolt

Rome

given here

taken from L. Cincius

and

to attach themselves to

Alimentus, a

Roman

annalist.

He

his standard.

Everywhere he proto be the

'

was captured by Hannibal, and so claimed himself had excellent opportunities for gain- of Italy.' ing information. 3. Fltminid
21.

Liberator

occurrit

this

Sempronius Gracchus:

battle took place in

the following

mistake of Eutropius. Hannibal wintered year, 217 n.c. It was Ti. Sempronius Longus. In the next in the plains of Lombardy, and at chapter it should be Sempro7uns Lon- the approach of spring attempted to gus'mntend of SmnproniusCirarchns. cross the Apennines. He was driven Ch. 9. 28. P. CornSlius Scipio back by a violent storm, and was
:

Page

30]

NOTES
Ch. 10.
is 8.

125
quadraggsimo
:

forced to return to his winter quarters.

Eu;

Later in the year he passed tropius

mistaken

in the date

it

and marched into was 216 B.C. 9. L. Aemilius Paulus: father of Etruria, where he was met by the Romans under Flaminius, who had the L. Aemilius Paulus mentioned in been elected consul for that year, in Bk. IV, 6, 7. He had distinguished the battle of Lake Trasimenus, in himself in his former consulship which the Romans were utterly de- in the war against the Illyrians. feated, and almost the whole force Against his advice the battle of was annihilated. Borne and Car- Canae was fought, and, refusing to fly from the field when the battle Creighton, p. 43. thage^ p. 138 was was lost, he was slain. He was an 6. Q. Fabius Maximus the great-grandson of the Q. Fabius aristocrat, and was raised to the Maximus mentioned in Bk. II, 8, consulship by that party to counterand grandson of the Q. Fabius men- balance the influence of the plebeian He was one of P. Terentius Varro. tioned in Bk. II, 9. He the greatest generals of Rome. 13. impatientia Varronis the was chosen dictator in 217 u.c, aristocracy laid all the blame of the after the battle of Lake Trasimenus. defeat on Varro. 14. Cannae a town of Apulia to The policy he adopted is well known. By following Hannibal from place to the south of the Aufidus, about halfplace, by watching for any error or way between Canusium and the sea. neglect on his part and immediately This was one of the most important Although the taking advantage of it, and by avoid- battles of the war. ing a general engagement, he earned Romans greatly outnumbered the for himself the name of Cunctator, Carthaginians, by the skillful ma'delayer,' but he saved the state. neuvers of Hannibal, they were In 216 B.C. he was elected consul surrounded on all sides and were "For again, and again employed the same cut down without mercy. tactics. In 210 b.c, when he was eight hours the work of destruction consul for the fifth time, he recap- went on, and at the end 60,000 tured Tarentum by stratagem (Ch. men lay dead upon the ground.
the mountains
;
: : :

16).

He opposed

the sending of

Scipio to Africa, saying that Italy

ought to be rid of Hannibal first. fregit = ab impetu cum horse, heartening on his men, till he eum prohibuit ; prevented him from at- dropped exhausted from his saddle, the proconsul Servilius, the late tacking in force.' 'by post- high-spirited master of the horse, differendo pugnam poning battle': i.e. by avoiding a Minucius, both quaestors, twenty.
.

Aemilius Paulus, the Illyrian hero, who, though wounded by a sling early in the day, had clung to his

'

decisive engagement.

one military tribunes, sixty senators,

126

NOTES

[Paoes 30-32

and an unknown number of knights the campaign in Spain see Borne were among the slain. Nearly 20,000 and Carthage, p. 183. Koman prisoners were taken. Of Ch. 12. 12. anno quarto postthe rest, Varro, with a few horsemen quam H. 486 (429) M. 243, 1 only, escaped to Venusia. Amid all A. & G. 256; G. 393; B. 223; cf. this slaughter the conqueror had lost aliquot ann'is post, Ch. 6. only 5500 of his infantry and but 13. Marcellus see note on 31. 200 of that matchless cavalry to Claudiu MdrceUd^ Ch. 0. whom the victory was mainly due." civitatem = urhem; cf. conditd Borne and Cartharjp.,^). 100; Creigh- c'lvitdte, Pk. 1, 2. ton, p. 44. 16. rex Macedoniae Philippus 16. pars de exercitu = pars ex- although I'hilip promised aid, he ercitus ; a very rare usage. never gave it. Owing, to his frewere han- quent struggles with the states of 18. accept! sunt dled' an ircmical use of the word. Greece, and the invasion of Macedomen Avhose an- nia by the Romans, he was compelled 20. nobiles viri to devote his undivided attention to cestors had held high office.
:

'

22,

menti5nem habSre
:

usually

preserving his realm.

21.

mentidneni facere.

proconsulem
expiration

'

ex-consul

'

term of office -the consul was given a provtum erat. sc. sunt; they ince to govern, under the title of 23. manumissl were liberated because none but proconsul. 22. ea: the antecedent is -S'ardmia. freemen could serve in the Roman Ch. 13. 25. Hispaniis: the two legions. Ch. 11. 24. multae Italiae civi- divisions of Spain, Hither and
sc.

quod numquam ante

:

fac-

at the

of

his

tates
south
cities

" chiefly Samnites and other

Italian

Further.
28.

held to

The Greek Rome, and not one

slates.
'

missus fuerat
Bk.
I, 8.

cf.

questa

fuisset,

Roman citizen, nor one Latin community, had joined Hannibal.' "
TAdK
31.
2.

Pa(.e 32. 3- et Hasdrubalem 'including Hasdrubal.'

.
.

cf. Ch. 14. 8. ad urbis ad quinlum milidrium urbfs, Bk. I, This was merely a feint on the the cruelty and treachery of Han- 15. part of Hannibal to draw the Ronibal. these rings were mans away from Capua, which they 3. anuloriim the distinctive badges of the knights were besieging, to the defense of IJome. Borne and Carthage, p. and senators.

variis supplicils

probably the

Romans

exaggerated

7.

duobus Scipionibus

P. Cor-

187.
:

12. per multos annos and (inaeus, the father and For anmun, Bk. I, 10. uncle of P. Scipio Africanus.

nelius

cf.

p^r

Pages 32-34]
16.

NOTES

127

nobilissima urbs Syracus- brother Hannibal. Spain was left " So fell Syracuse, the virgin to the undisputed possession of the city, which had seen two Athenian Romans. 3. annos natus viginti cf armaments perish beneath its walls ndtus,Bk. J,l. He was which had for centuries saved Sicily decern from becoming altogether, what its too young to be elected to the con-

ana

greater part then was, a ('arthaginiau appanage.

sulship.
5.

...

It fell to rise

fere

primus

'

almost

the

former opu- first.' Karthaginem Hispaniae called Its temples were left standlence. New Carthage.' See note on heling, because they would not pay for but the choicest works ium Punicum semuidum^ Ch. 7. A moving of art were swept off to adorn the town still exists on the same spot

no more,

at least to its

'

imperial city." Borne and Carthage,

p. 181.
22. in

bearing the
11.

name uno animo

Cartagena.
:

'with one ac-

deditionem accepit
:

cf.

cord.'

in deditionem acceperunt, Bk. II, 21.

24.

consulem he was praetor, mus He was surprised by Ch. not consul.

Cn. 16. 14. Q. Fabius Maxisee note on Q. Fahio Maximo,,

:

{).

17. pecuiiiam hominum venHannibal and slain before Herdonia. the money derived from PAr.E 33. Cir. 15. 2. P. Corne- ditorum he is one of the most the sale of the prisoners.' lius Scipio 18. ad fiscum cf. ex fisco, Bk. interesting characters in Roman
:

'

history.

Brilliant

and

versatile,

he

II, 27.

seemed

to be the favorite of fortune.

When

the senate had resolved to

to

21. egregias nary exploits.'

res

'
:

extraordi-

make one more attempt

conquer

perse
22. L.

cf.

perfllids, Bk.

I, 6.

Spain and were looking for a leader, he offered himself and was sent with
1
1

Scipionem: became
4.
:

fa-

mous
23.

for his victories in the East,

,000

men.

On his arrival he found

Bk. IV,

the forces of the Carthaginians scattered in different parts of

see Claudius Marcellus the prov- note on M. Claudio 3IdrceUd, Ch. 6.

and by a weak
ince,

New

Carthage defended

Cn.

17.

26.

res

inclitas:

cf.

garrison.

By

a brilliant

egregias res, Ch. 16.

its Page 34. 1- ^^ amicitiam acand munitions of war, 207 b. c. cepit: cf. in deditionem acceperunt, Next he attacked Hasdrubal at Bae- Bk. II, 21. It meant practical subAlthough the jection in either case. cula in Andalusia. a victo sc. lioste. Romans claimed the victory, Hasby 2. obsides non poposcitdrubal escaped from his hands and

stratagem he captured this with

riches

started for Italy to bear aid to his

pursuing the opposite course to that

128
of the Carthaginians he

NOTES
hoped
'

[Pages 34-36

to

over the Spaniards.

:

win Scipio was not as well equipped for the expedition as he should have
:

giving been. Ch. 18. 3. desperans up the hope.' divinum quiddam something t>. a consulibus: construe with divine.' The ancients believed that great men were inspired by the insidids compositds.
'

7.

apud Senam

one of the

crit-

gods.

Scipio

pretended

to

hold

communication with Jupiter CapitoIt is generally known as the battle linus. Probably he merely took of the Metaurus, from the name of advantage of a popular superstition. 24. Syphacem the river near which it wan fought. Syphax had The messenger sent by Hasdrubal to driven Masinissa, a Lybian king, inform his brother Hannibal of his from his throne. Masinissa joined coming fell into the hands of the Scipio on his arrival in Africa and
ical battles of the

world's history.

Komans.

Nero, leaving a part of

I

gave him valuable

aid.

When
\vas

the
re-

his forces to

watch Hannibal, with war was ended Masinissa

I

a picked band hastened north, joined

the force under Salinator, defeated

stored to his throne as his reward.

Pack
I

35. Ch. 21.

:

5.

legati

petivetunt their purpose was to Hannibal to reach Africa tle, and returned to his army in enable Apulia before Hannibal discovered and prepare for war against Scipio. 7. quoiisque = dotiec : a late his absence. It is said that he ordered the severed head of Hasdrubal usage. 8. milia sc. llhrdrum. to be flung into the camp of Hannipondo by weight.' bal. He "recognized tlie features 11. ne redderent Indirect of the brother whom he had so long and eagerly expected, and in them Discourse depending on an idea of
Hasdrubal,
in the bat:

who perished

'

sadly

saw the doom

Carthage,

of Carthage."
p.

commanding implied
dedit.

in

his

Home and
ton, p. 45.
12.
lit.
'

190

Creigh-

Ch. 22.

19.
;

quibus prius:
his

sc.

ingcns animus
great courage

accessit

data
20.

esset

cf.

coudicionibus
Dative,
the de-

came

to in ad-

dedit, Ch. 21.

dition'

=
in.'

'great

courage
cf.

was

in-

quingentis milibus

spired

object of additls.

et ipsi
1,8.

etiam

et ipse,

Bk.

24.

Karthagini bellum
known.

tails of

these operations are imper-

Ch. 20.

10.

in Africam missus:

fectly

Some and

Carthage,

the senate, led by Fabius, opposed

p. 222.

the sending of Scipio, but the people

forced that body to accede to their

Page 36. Ch. 23. 2. uUS mewithin tlie memory of moria

:

'

demands.

Owing

to the opposition

any

one.'

Pagks
3.

36, 37]

NOTES
:

129
freedom and independence, enjoyment of their own
sc.

ScipiS victor

the famous battle of

this was Zama, one

at

their

of

and
19.

to the

the decisive battles of the world.

laws."

Although

Hannibal

managed
skill,

his his

quaterna mHia

llbrd-

forces with his usual

and

rum ;
tive.

note the force of the distribu-

veterans fought like the

men who

pondo cf. pondo^ Bk. Ill, 21. had so often conquered in Italy, the Page 37. 2. Nabidem Nabis, Carthaginians were utterly defeated. This ended the Second Punic War. the tyrant of Lacedaemon, had Borne and Carthage^ p. 224 Creigh- seized the city of Argos. quibus voluit condicidnibus = ton, p. 46.
:
:

6.
7.

milia

sc.

llhrarum.
:

quibus voluit
in

els

condicidnibus.
:

suppellectilis
is
:

Nominative,

fidem accepit

cf.

in fidem
is

the usual form

9.

supellex.
later

acceptae, Bk. II, 19.

This

a mild
the

Africanus

Maior was way

of saying that he

made

added to his name to distinguish king a subject of Rome. him from the Scipio Africanus who Ch. 3. 6. Syriacum
destroyed Carthage, 146 b.c.
11.

sc. bellitm.

Creighton,

p. 48.

quam coeperat
Book IV

cf.

quam

7.

Antiochum:

the most

illustri-

venerant, Bk. II, 28.

ous of the family of the Seleucidae,

kings of Syria, was Antiochus, surGreat. After having conquered Caelo-Syria and Palestine, he was urged by Hannibal, who had

named the

Ch.

1.

12.

Macedonicum
Philippum
:

sc.

bellitm.

Ch. 2.

13.

Philip

V, king of Macedonia, began to reign 220 b.c, was defeated by Flamininus at Cynoscephalae 197 B.C., and died 179 b.c. The Story
of the Bomans, p. 137
p. 47.
15.
;

taken refuge at his court, to make war on the Romans. He invaded Greece, but was defeated by L.

Scipio at Thermopylae in 191 b.c, and again at Mt. Sipylus in MagCreighton, nesia in 190 B.C., when he was compelled to sue for peace.
in 196

12. fuisset cf. quia fecismeeting of the Isthmian sent, Bk. II, 11. games, Flamininus caused a herald Ch. 4. 14. L. Comelio Scipione to proclaim, "that the senate and cf. Bk. Ill, 16. the people of Rome, and their comScipio Africanus although mander, Titus Quinctius, having Scipio Africanus was the legatus of subdued Philip and the Macedoni- his brother, yet he practically acted
: : . .
.

rem prospere

gessit

B.C., at the

ans,

now

restored the Corinthians,

Locrians,

as

commander, as
of
17.

his brother

was

Phocians,
Thessalians,

Euboeans,
etc.,

man

Achaeans,

to

no ability. naval! proelid

this battle,

HAZ. EI TROPIIJS

'

130

NOTES

[Pages

37,

38

fought at the mouth of the Kury- daring to attack and expecting to medon, off Aspendus in Painphylia, conquer the most powerful nation
''

was the

tirst

naval

battle

and

of his time."

the last battle fought by Hannibal

Ch.

6. 19.

rebellavit

on account
Antiochus,

against the Konians."

18.

of the division of the conquered ter:

apud Magnesiam
list

"with
;

ritory after the fall of

the day of Magnesia Asia was erased

from the

of gTeat states

became indignant at the -Roand mans, and planned a revolt on a

Philip
fall

never perhaps did a great power

so rapidly, so thoroughly,

large scale.

His death in 179

b.c.

and so prevented him from putting his plans ignominiously as the kingdom of the into execution. His son Perseus atSeleucidae under this Antiochus the tempted to carry them out. Owing
Great."
20.

Mommsen. Eumenes: Antiochus had

to his lack

of genius, he did not

act promptly

and with energy when

it

offered one of his daughters in mar-

the opportunity offered, and let

Eumenes, the king of Per- slip by. 20. Thraciae Thrace was the gamus, on condition that he assist him against the Romans. name given originally to the whole 22. ex parte regis on the side region north of the Aegean Sea. Afterwards it was confined to the of the king. valley of the Hebrus. 24. data est It became a sc. pax. 25. recederet cf. inferret, Ch. 2. Roman province in 46 a.d. Pack 38. 1- concitatorem belli iUyrici: Illyricum was on the who had aroused the war often east coast of the Adriatic Sea. Its it is best to translate nouns of rocky coasts were infested with Agency by a clause. pirates until it was conquered by the
riage to
:

'

'

'

6.

et ipse

cf. Pt ipsp,
:

Asiagenis
is

the

more usual

Asiatic us.

Ch. 5.

12.
:

per T.
per

Romans in the second century b.c. was made a province afterwards and known as Dalmatia. cf. auxilio Quintium Fla21. Romanis
Bk.
I. 8.

title

It

mininum
13.

cf.

^rdios,
:

Bk.

I, 6.

auxilio
24.
'

tradendus esset

the bitter-

Eomdnis. Ch. 4. praebuit utrisque

.

lit.
'

ness with whicli the

Romans hunted
of

furnished himself equal to both

=
He

down Hannibal was unworthy

such a

'remained neutral.'
25. P.

man and such venenum bibit

:

a nation.
' '

Licinius

sc. Crassiis.

Thus

igno-

was

utterly incompetent

and thor:

miniously ended the career of the

oughly unscrupulous. near 26. gravi proelio victus the commanders of the world, and Larisa. If Perseus had possessed whose memory is still honored for the energy to follow up this victory, the magnificence of his ambition in the result might have been different.

man who

stood once at the head of

Pages

89, 40]

notp:s

131
:

Page 39.

1-

mox missus contra

tribuit

this

act of

cruelty

was

eum
the

commanded by the senate. Page 40. 2. triumphavit autwo campaigns under Aulus Hos:

Eutropius does not mention

tilius

pus, in both of

never and Quintias Marcius Philip- tem magnificentissime which the Komans before had Rome seen so grand a
:

were unsuccessful.
2.
:

triumph.

It lasted for three days.

:

3. cum duobus filiis Q. FaL. Aemilius Paulus he was the son of the consul who fell at bius Maximus and P. Scipio AfriCannae, Bk. Ill, 10. He was one canus Minor, both of whom had of the best specimens of the sturdy- been adopted into other families. supply rex from 9. Bithyniae Roman character. He was noted
:

for his discipline in the array,

and reges above.

. . .
:

KarCh. 10. 15. tertium maintained throughout life a pure thaginem The Story of the Romans, and unspotted character. quam cf. note on p. 139 Creighton, p. 50 Rome and 6. ante Carthage, Ch. XIX. The Romans quam, Bk. II, 13. ante
.
. . :

encouraged their ally Masinissa to encroach on the territories of Carante diem tertmm Nonas Septem- thage and to harass her in every way. They were seeking a pretext bres; cf. XI Kal. Maids, Bk. I, 1.
Ch.
7.
8.

Ill

Nonas Septem-

bres

the full expression would be

in Macedonia, 168 b.c.

Pydna for war, having fully decided to "It was in utterly destroy their hated rival. fact the last battle in which a civil- The story is told that every speech ized state confronted Rome in the that Cato the Censor made was confield on a footing of equality with cluded with the words Delenda est her as a great power. The Carthago,'' 'Carthage must be dewhole civilized world henceforth stroyed.'
9.

vicit: at the battle of

'

recognized in the

Roman
whose

senate the

10.

L.

Manlio Censdrind et
:

supreme
between
II, p. 330.

tribunal

commisresort

M. Manilio
competent.
only by the
19.

they were utterly in-

sioners decided in the

last

On

several occasions

kings

and

nations."
Borne, Vol.

they were saved from destruction

skill of Scipio.

Mommsen, History of
14.

Karthaginem oppugnave-

honorem
honor'
:

habuit

'

held

him

in

victo
15.

'honored him.' in apposition with ei.

:

runt: the Carthaginians tried in every way to avert the war. Embassy
after embassy was sent to Rome, offering everything that could

sibi

sihi

and

se

refer to

Paulus.
23. convivii

be asked.

When

the

Romans

de-

apparatu

'

in his

manded
when
it

the surrender of the arms

entertainments.'

of the city, they

.
. .

Ch.

8.

25.

praedam

dis-

were given. But was demanded that they

'

182

NOTES
6.

[Pages
consul est factus was the
tacit
:

40, 41

should leave their city and should

settle

as in the

somewhere

else at a distance

case of his grandfather by adoption,

there

of ten miles from the sea, they re-

understanding
to

fused and prepared for the struggle

that

that his office

was

be continued

was inevitable. until he had brought the war to an 21. Scipio "Publius Cornelius end. The Romans by this time had Scipio was the youngest son of learned the advantage of retaining
:

office in times of danger a man When quite a youth who showed himself adapted to the Macedonia. he had fought at his father's side place. at Pydna, and he was afterwards 0. quae sua recognoscebant adopted into a still more illustrious which they recognized as their family, that of the Scipios. Like own. his grandfather, the great African us, 10. Karthago deleta est: he had early shown a taste for other "Thus happened what, happily, has and his fond- rarely happened in history before arts than that of war ness for literature was cemented by or since. An ancient seat of civilithe friendship which he formed, zation with the race which inhabited

Aemilius Paulus, the conqueror of in

'

while

still

a youth, with the histo-

it,

with

its

arts

and

its

sciences,
its

its

rian Polybius.
all

He was

inferior in

laws,

its literature,

and

religion,

respects to his grandfather by

adoption, the elder Africanus."

is

chosen by Cicero

in the

was swept away at a single stroke, He leaving hardly a wrack behind and De Ami- with it vanished the last rival whom
;

one whose friendship was Rome had to fear, the one state worthy of immortality. which ever met her on equal terms, 24. conBiiltiaBimus most fer- and therefore alone stood between tile in council.' her and universal empire." Rome per eum cf. per Anc'i f'llids^ and Carthage^ p. 260. Bk. I, 6. quam = postquam. 27. committere: sc. proelium; 11. avus gius: his grandfather the omission is late and rare. by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Page 41. Ch. 11. 1. per idem Africanus Maior, the conqueror of tempus: equivalent to the Abla- Hannibal. tive of Time within which. iunior etiam 12. Africanus Masinissa: see note on Syphd- ipse can, of course, refer only to Africanus, iunior being adversative cem, Bk. Ill, 20. younger'; cf. (but) Cii. 12. 6. iuvenis see note on 'Africanus annorum, Bk. II, 6. Scipio was note on Tarquinius iunior, Bk. I, 8. about thirty-seven yeai*s old, and Ch. 13. 14. Pseudophilippus had held the office of military tri- " A pretender, calling himself Philcitia as
: '

bune only.

lip,

the son

of

Perseus,

met with

Pages 41-43]

NOTES
Ch. 16.
5.

183
Metellus: Q. CaeMacedonicus,

suppjrt from Thrace and Byzantium, and was accepted as king by

the Macedonian nation.
his victory over the

cilius Metellus, called

He even was
praetor

the son of Caecilius mentioned

extended his rule over Thessaly by in Bk.

Roman

Juventius."
15.

Mommsen,
chief

p. 219.

Ill, 19. He was consul in 143 B.C., and received the province of Hither Spain, where he carried

praetorem: the praetor was on war with success

of

one

the

magistrates

at

Rome, next, to number varied The

the consuls.

The

two years His brother, L. Caecilius, was consul in 142 b.c.

for

against the Celtiberi.

at different times.

Chs. 21, 23.

8.

After Sulla's time there were eight.

duties of the praetor were to

Viriathus

it

is

said

that

Caepio procured his assassination.

9.
tlie

administer justice, and in the ab-

quo metu =
case of metu^

cuius metu

for

sence of the consuls to act in their

place.

cf.

metu^ Ch.

3.

Praetors wei*e also sent to

12.

adsertor:
'

'restorer of

lib-

govern provinces subject to Rome.

16.

erty.

ad internecionem
14.
22.

'

to the

Ch. 17.
fScit:

17.

picem ignobilem

point of destruction.'

Ch.

cepit: after

the

but fearing the reckoning that awaited him at home for con-

which the cluding peace, he denied before the Achaeans were utterly defeated. senate the agreement he had made diniit "With Corinth fell the with the people of Numantia. The a Roman prov- total incompetency of Pompeius liberties of Greece ince took the place of the state that and of his successor, Mancinus, and for six centuries liad been the home the demoralization of the army, of art and eloquence, the intellec- caused the war to drag on with disbut grace and disaster for three yeare. tual sovereign of antiquity though overcome and despoiled, she Creighton, p. 49. 20. Mancinum hostibua trSdi: became the guide and teacher of her
battle of Leucopatra, in
:

conqueror."
27.

The

light

of

was_ extinguished,

Greece they refused to receive him, as the senate knew they would.

24. consul factus: sc. est; this habSret was in 134 b.c. He was then at H, 598 (515, III) M. 378, 6 A. & the legal age for the consulship. 25. mllitem the soldiers G. 313, d G. 587 B. 309, 3. a quaestore the quaestor was an collective noun. Page 43. 4. reliquam officer in charge of the treasury. ac-

pictae tabulae
Ch. 15.
;

'pictures.'

Page 42.
;

3.

'

'

remained in the city while the cepit "A senatorial commission others accompanied the provincial was shortly afterwards sent to governors and managed the finances Spain, and the provinces were re-

Two

of the provinces.

organized.

Spain

gradually

be-

'

134
caiiiu

NOTES
exceedingly prosperous, and,
the guerilla
sisted of
ber.

[Pages

43,

44

despite

warfare

ever

an upper and lower chamThe term Tullianum sometimes

waged by the half-subdued native applied to the prison as a whole is tribes, it was the most flourishing more properly restricted to the lower and best organized country in the dungeon. Sallust in the Catiline
'

Koman
p. 215.

dominions."
0.

Mommsen,

gives an impressive picture of the

lower vault

in

which Jugurtha per-

Cii. 18.

Attalus: the king-

ished.

dom

of Attalus consisted of Lydia,

the

"There is," he says, "in prison a chamber named the

It is sur-

rhrygia,
states

Mysia,

and

Caria,

four

Tullianum, about twelve feet below

the .surface of the earth.

on the coast
1).

of Asia Minor.

Ch. 19.
written

Callaecis: generally rounded by walls, and covered by a They were a vaulted roof of stone but its apGallaeci.
;

people inhabiting the northwestern

part of
Spain,

and fearful, on the because of the neglect, the darkAtlantic. They were the most un- ness, and the stench." lit. he had 27. diem obierat civilized people of Spain. they lived a little met his day = he died.' Lusitanis
pearance
is

repulsive

bordering

'

'

'

south of the Gallaeci.

10.

Cn. 21. 29.

P.Scipio

Numantinis: Eutropius

is

from the capture of the city of Nu- thage of his mantia he received the name Nu- Augustus.
mantmiis.
12.
ffine.

quae nunc manet: The Carerror. time was founded by He was carrying out
in

the plans of Julius Caesar in this.

:

de Africa
13.

i.e.

de Karthd-

Page 44, 2. deduct! sunt: the regular term for the founding of a
colony.

Ch. 20.
Perganius.

Aristonico

he was
II

a natural son of brother

Eumenes

of

eo

ad eum locum.
5.

Upon the death of his Attalus, who left his kingRomans, Ch. At
18,
first

Cn. 22.

Gallis transalpinia
the

the Gauls of

modern France

dom

claimed the throne.

he and Switzerland were called trdnshe alpinl, to distinguish them from the Gauls of northern Italy, who were met with considerable success. he called cisalpini. Licinius Crassus 15. P. Arvernorum the Arverni were a was consul for the year 131 b.c. people of Aquitania, in the modern He was a good orator and jurist. Mamertine Auvergne. In early times they were the 25. carcere prison at the foot of the Capitoline the most powerful people in southto the
: :

Hill.

This was the only prison in ern Gaul.

in early times.

They

still

possessed con-

Rome
of

In

it

the

famous

captives

of
It

Romans were

strangled.

most siderable power in Caesar's time, as the he refers to them several times in con- the Gallic War.

Page
7.

44]
a late

NOTES
word.
is

135
26.
i.e.
'

fluvium:

The

Ch.
sica
:

23.

P.

Scipione Na-

regular term for river

8.

flumen.

Scipio with the pointed

torquibus

cf.

torque^

Bk. nose.'

This name, which was given

to

II, 5.
9.

in derision

deductus
12.

est

i.e.

from family, clung to

ants.

one member of his all his descend-

Gaul.

Narbone this was 24. lugurthae inlatum est the first colony of the Romans in Jugurtha is an interesting characGaul. Later it gave the name of ter in Roman history. He was the
Ch. 23.
: . . . :

Narhomnsis to the province. It illegitimate nephew of Micipsa, the was situated on the river Atax, and king of Numidia. He served under was of considerable commercial im- Scipio in Spain, and there made the
portance.
see L. Caecilio Metello note on 3Ietellus, Ch. 10. Ch. 24. 17. Scordiscis a people of Pannonia. They were sometimes classed with the Illyrians, but they were remains of an ancient and powerful Celtic tribe. Ch. 25. 19. C. Caecilio Metello he was the son of Quintus Caecilius Metellus, mentioned in
13.
: :

acquaintance of the dissolute patricians

who were
to

serving in the army.

On

the death of his uncle, he put

Hiempsal kingdom.
the

death and seized the

besieged Adherbal in

He

town

of Cirta, and, having taken

the town, he put

him

to death with

savage torture.
Cirta several
slain.

In the capture of
citizens

Roman

were

This compelled the senate to

;

Ch. 16.
against

He was
the

consul in 113 b.c,

in

make an investigation but many of its members had been bribe.d by

Macedonia Jugurtha, and it resulted in nothing. whom he Finally war was declared against subdued. He obtained a triumph, him. The army, however, was in consequence, in the same year poorly equipped and badly organand on the same day with his ized. Nothing but defeat resulted. brother. Metellus, on taking command in 109 this B.C., reformed the army, won sev20. altenim ex Sardinia was Marcus Caecilius Metellus, a eral victories, and seemed on the brother of Gaius Caecilius men- point of bringing the war to an end He was consul in when he was succeeded by Gaius tioned above. 115 B.C. In 114 he was sent to Marius, his lieutenant. Marius Sardinia as proconsul, and while speedily brought the war to a there he suppressed a revolt in the close. Jugurtha, however, was surprovince. For this he was granted rendered to Sulla, Marius' lieutena triumph, which he celebrated at ant, by the Moors, with whom he had taken refuge. After gracing the same time with his brother. ^ee Bk. V, 1, 2, the* triumphal procession of Marius, 22. Cimbro^
Thracians,
i

and carried on war

136
he was strangled
prison.
in the

NOTES
He
said

[Pages 44-46

is

to

Mamertine have ex'

Book
:

claimed as he touched the water at

the bottom
of

the

prison,

Page 46. Ch. 1. 2. Cimbris et How Teutonibus the Cimbri and Teutones were Germanic tribes

cold are thy baths,

25. fratres

incorrect.

who had Eutropius is migrated from their homes and had suos They were his cousins, come into Gaul. They defeated the
Hercules '
:

not brothers.

Romans
.

in

several

engagements.

Page 45. - quae probably bata est

:

impro- In the
senate
three

battle of Arausio, 105 b.c,

the

Roman

armies were* cut to

Then they turned their would have approved of it, but pieces. such an outcry was raised by the course towards Spain and gave the people that they were forced to re- Romans a respite of two years. In ject the peace and order the war to 102 B.C. they returned from Spain and prepared to invade Italy. Bebe continued. Cn. 27. 6. Q. Caecilius Metel- fore their entrance they divided. lus: he was the son of Lucius The Cimbri and the Tigurini crossed Caecilius, mentioned in Chs. 21, 23. the Rhone, intending to enter Italy He received the name of Numidicus by the eastern Alps. The Teutones for his campaign against Jugurtha. and the Ambrones tried to come in In an age of growing corruption his by the Maritime Alps, intending to integrity remained unsullied, and join their countrymen in the valley he was distinguished for his abili- of the Po. Marius met them at Creighton, Aquae Sextiae, modern Aix, 102 b.c, ties in war and peace. and the mighty host of the barbap. 61.
|

12.

successum est
to

el:

lit.

'it

rians

was annihilated.

The next

was succeeded
succeeded.'
:

him'

'he was year the united armies of Marius and Catulus met the Cimbri near
Vercellae
in

Gaul and Those who gained his consulship by appealing survived the battle were either to the credulity of the people and killed or sold in the slave market at by misleading them with the most Rome. "The human avalanche unfair misrepresentations of the which for thirteen years had alarmed
C. Mario see Bk. V, 1. Marius, who had accompanied Metellus,
Cisalpine
utterly defeated them.

conduct of Metellus. Bocchum: king of Mauretania,

father-in-law of Jugurtha.
16.

the nations

from the Danube

to the

Ebro, from the Seine to the Po,

rested beneath the sod,

or toiled

Comelium SuUam
The
was
very

see Bk.

under

the

yoke

of

slavery."

V,

4.

fact that Sulla

aristocrat

amioying

was an Mommsen, History of Borne, Vol. The Creight(Mi, p. iVS to Ill, p. 203.
;

Marias.

Story of the Homans,

p. 155.

Pages
7.
'

46, 47]

NOTES
.
. .

137

quantus
it

tempore

arranged matters at
Ch.

Rome

to

his

barely was

as great in the time

satisfaction Sulla left for the East,

of Hannibal.'

Marius: Gains Marius was born near Arpinum 157 b.c. of an obscure family. By his valor and his energy he worked his way up in
8.

While he was away, Marius 4. returned to Italy, besieged Rome,

the army, winning distinction in

siege
of

and entered the city as a conqueror. " The most frightful scenes followed. The guards of Marius stabbed every the one whom he did not salute, and the
In
streets

Numantia

in

Spain.

ran with the blood of the

119 B.C. he was elected tribune of

noblest of the

Roman

aristocracy."

He now became a marked man. He acquired influthe

plebs.

Without the formality of an election he became consul for the ence and importance by marrying seventh time, 86 b.c But he did
Ch.
7.

into the family of the Caesars.

In

not long enjoy his honor..

On

the

109 B.C. he went to Africa as lieu-

eighteenth day of his consulship he

15. absens this was unusual. The law provided that a man must
:

tenant of Metellus.

In 107

b.c.

he died.

was elected consul and brought the war with Jugurtha to an end, Bk. IV, 27. After his return from Africa he was elected consul the second time in 104 b.c and took command of the war against the Cimbri and Teutones. Again in 103, 102, and 101 b.c. he was elected to the consulship, and crushed the barbarians in the two famous battles of Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae, In 100 b.c 102, 101 B.C., Chs. 1, 2. he was elected consul for the sixth
time.

be present to stand for the consulship,

and that at least ten years must elapse before he could be reCh.
2.
18.

elected.

dimicttum
in

est: this

battle

was fought

the

Campi

Raudii, near Vercellae.

battle, the

Before the

Cimbri demanded that

be
given

lands

should

them
'

for

themselves and the Teutones.

The
all

Teutones,' replied Marius, 'have

of the Alps.'
:

The
into

Social

war again
service.

called

the land they need on the other side

him

active

He

de-

on the part of a Catuli parte engagements, Ch. 3. That he might Catulus.' Page 47. Ch. 3. 7. gravissimum gratify his. ambition and be sent to the war with Mithradates, he pro- bellum this is known as the Social cured the passage of a law removing or Italian war. It was waged by the
feated the Marsi in two successive
' :

For of the Italian allies of the Romans. upon him- nearly thirty years the hope of obself. Sulla refused to give up his taining Roman citizenship had been command, marched upon Rome, and held out to them, but no measure forced Marias to flee. After having had been carried to better their conSulla from the

command
it

army and conferring

'

138
dition.

NOTES

[Pages

47,

48

The burdens that Kome had radates (Chs. 5-7). When he had imposed upon them had been stead- concluded peace with Mithradates, ily increased. Finally, in despair he returned to Italy in 83 b.c, and of securing any reforms, they ap- prepared for the campaign against pealed to arms. At first they were the leaders of the Marian party. successful, but in the end the Ro- His efforts were crowned with sucHowever, they cess. In 82 B.C. he brought the conmans conquered.
were compelled to grant nearly all the Italians had demanded. Creighton,
p. 64.
flict

to

close

with the decisive

of Italy.

battle of the Colline gate (Ch. 8).

Sulla

was now master

He

12.

alius

for alter.
:

resolved to take the

the

on the side of vengeance upon his a Romanis cf. CatuU parte, Romans utterly to crush the popular party. Ch. 2. He inaugurated a proscription, in the which as many as 47,000 are said to Ch. 4. 24. bellum civile First Civil war, called also the have perished. He was chosen dicSee tator by the senate, and made variCivil war of Marius and Sulla.
15.
'

most ample enemies, and

'

Chs. 7-9.

The Story of the Bomans,

Creighton,
p. 66.
:

pp. 160-164;

ous reforms in the constitution of the state, all tending to strengthen

the

Page
sc.

48.

helium

1. Mithradaticum commotum est.

:

bello civni
probably a

in

classical

power of the aristocracy and to weaken that of the commons. In Latin 79 B.C. he resigned his office and re-

have tired to his estate at Puteoli, where he died in 78 b.c. "None of his Lucius Cornelius friends ever did him a kindness, and 2. cum Sulla Sulla was born of a patrician fam- none of his enemies a wrong, withAfter having secured out being fully repaid." ily in 138 B.C. the Future Parti3. gesturus a good education, he passed his early life in the pursuit of pleasure, squan- ciple is not used by* prose writers of
Genitive

would

been used.

dering the small fortune

his father.

left

him by

the classical period to denote pur-

He

served under Marius pose!

. . .
:

and received armatus a gen9. primus During eral with his army could not enter the war with the Cimbri and Teu- the city, except when celebrating a tones, he served under Marius and triumph, without losing his comCatulus with distinction. When the mand. for the Social war broke out he again en11. in futurum annum tered the service and won fresh next year. In 88 b.c. he was laurels (Ch. 3). Cn. OctSvio et L. Cornelio elected consul and received the CinnS: in apposition with consitUcommand of the war against Mith- b2is.
in Africa (Bk. IV, 8),

the surrender of Jugurtha.

'

'

Pages 48-50]
Ch.
5.
13.

NOTES

139

Mithradates: Mith- especially famous for its temple of was king of Pontus, a Diana. He is one of 24. uno die occiderentur on state of Asia Minor. the most striking characters of Rp- that day over 80,000 Italians were
radates

m^n

history.

Possessed of a large

put to death.

and powerful frame, he was en-

dowed

also with a

mind

of great

strength and alertness, indomitable

Pack 49. Cn. 6. 1. Aristone he was a celebrated philosopher. Archelaus was 3. Archelaum
: :

courage, and consuming ambition.

It

a distinguished general of Mithra-

was the desire

to

extend his realm dates.

At

first

that brought bim into collision with the

success, but

he met with some was twice defeated by

in Boeotia.
:

Eomans.

In 88 b.c. he over-

Sulla in the battles of Chaeronea

ran Bithynia, Cappadocia, and the

greater part of the
of Asia.

and Orchomenos
11. 15.
it

Roman

province

commisit
iuBsit
. . .

sc.

proelhim.
lit.

In 84 b.c. peace was conIn 83 b.c. he

agi:

'ordered

cluded with Sulla.

again began war.
to

to
'

This was brought = contrasted Ch. 7. 18. partim an end two years later (Chs. 6, 8). For the third time he began to wage with alios. ordinata est by 22. pax war in 74 b.c. This w^as the last and most important war, and, owing the terms of the peace arranged to mismanagement on the part of the Mithradates abandoned all his conRomans, was not concluded until 63 quests in Asia Minor, confined himB.c.jWhen he was driven from his king- self to the dominion he had held dom and forced to take his own life before the war, paid an indemnity (Bk. VI, 14). Creighton, pp. 66, 71. of 3000 talents, and surrendered
: .
.

be treated concerning peace ordered a truce to be made.'

16.

medes.
18.

Nico- 80 ships of war fully equipped. Page 50. 2. proscripserunt outlawed.' This was the first profaceret: "Subjunctive in Inei
:

the antecedent

is

'

direct

Discourse

representing the

scription hi

Roman history.

It

was

so called from the list of the names Future Indicative in Direct. pateretur this use of of the persons who were outlawed. quod quod with the Subjunctive after a They might be killed by any one verb of speaking, instead of the In- with impunity, even by slaves. finitive with subject Accusative, is Their property was confiscated to
.

late.
cf.

For the usual construction, the state and was sold

Ill, 11.

at public

Bk.

auction.
too.'
:

Their children and grandlost

et ipse: 'he
23.

children
at

their

votes

in

the
all

Ephesum

Ephesus

the

Comitia and were excluded from

mouth

of the Cayster in Lydia,

It

the chief city in Asia Minor.

was public offices. 6. Norbanum et was

Scipionem:

140

NOTES

[Pages 50-52

Lucius Norbanus and Gaius Scipio Teutones. Before the battle of were elected consuls for the year Aquae Sextiae he entered the camp
83 B.C.
of the
:

enemy

in disguise.

In 83

b.c.

contra Norbanum the battle was fought at Mt. Tifata in CamAfter the battle Norbanus pania. shut himself up in Capua. accepit: by 10. totum means of Sulla's emissaries the whole army deserted Scipio, who was forced to retire from the war. Ch. 8. 12. Marius Gaius Marius the younger was elected consul with Gnaeus Fapirius Carbo, though he had not yet attained the legal age
7.
.
. .

he went to Spain and became the

leader of the Lusitanians.
ral

For

sev-

years he waged war successfully

Romans. Finally he was assassinated by one of his officers who was jealous of his power. 2"he Story of the Bomans, p. 165
against the

Creighton,

p. 69.
5.

Page
lia
:

52. Ch. 2.

levia proea small

'

skirmishes.'
:

Rhodopam provinciam
division of Thrace.

for the office.

dimicavit: at Sacriportus, Signia and Praeneste. between Marius was driven to Praeneste, and when the town was captured
14.

Servnius Publius was consul in 79 n.c. The next year he was sent to clear the sea of pirates. He waged war
Ch.
3. 10. P.
:

Servilius Vatia

successfully against them, conquered

Cilicia

was

slain.
:

and organized it as a province.

a leading part in the public

19.

portam Collinam one of the He took

on the Quirinal Hill. affairs. The battle raged so fiercely and the ex cdnsule = procdnsiile ; a late cf. our expression exresult was so long in doubt, that expression Sulla is said to have invoked the president.' Ch. 5. 20. M. Aemilius Lepiaid of Pythian Apollo. With this battle the resistance of the Marian dus: Lepidus and Catullus were consuls in the year after the death party in Italy was at an end.
gates of
'
;

Rome

Page

norum

In 77 u.c. Lepidus any one who had not held the office marched to Rome with an army. He of consul was permitted to celebrate was met by Pompey near the MulShortly a triumph. vian Bridge and defeated.
:

51, Ch. 9. 4. null! Romathis was the first time that

of Sulla.
triffing

They quarreled over some

matter.

9.

XXIV

sc.

milia

with
last.

all

afterwards he died in Sardinia.

23.

these numbers,, except the

on

Metelli: Genitive, depending triumphus supplied from tri-

Book VI
Ch. 1.
14.

nmphi above.

Ch. 6. 26. anno urbis conSertorius: Quintus Sertorius, a Sabine by birth, served ditae: a variation for the usual exunder Marius in the war against the pression ah urhe conditd. The year

Pages 52-54]
is

NOTES
13.

141

conceived of as belonging to the

Cf.
;

centum

ferg milia

sc.

homi-

city.
Ill,

ditd,

anno a conditd urbe^ Bk. num. anno ab urbe conCh. 7. 17. novum bellimi: see 10 Bk. IV, 22. The Story of the Romans, p. 167
.
. .

III, surnamed Philopater, was tlie son and successor of Nicomedes II mentioned in Bk. IV, Clis. He had been aided by the 8, 20. Romans, and was encouraged by them to encroach on the territories Having no chilof Mithradates. dren, he left his kingdom to the Romans.
2.

Page medes

53.

1-

Nicomedes:

Nico-

Creighton,

p. 70.
:

18. Spartaco Spartacus was a Thracian by birth, and had been taken prisoner and sold to a trainer of gladiators. His character has been maligned by the Roman " Accident made Spartawriters.

cus a shepherd, a freebooter, and a

gladiator;

nature

formed

him a

hero."
19.

MithradatSs
5.

see

note

on

Bk. V,
4.

school.'
:

ludo The
:

'

the

gladiatorial

gladiators

were
trained
the
to

apud Chalcgd5na
:

the de-

mostly slaves, and were the property of the individuals

was both by land and sea. Lucius Licinius Lucullus LucuUus fought in the Civil war on the side of Sulla, was praetor in 77 B.C., and consul in 74 b.c. For eight years he carried on the war
feat
7.

who

them
games.
20.

and

leased

them

for

This

school

belonged
levius

Lentulus.

paene
lighter.'

non
:

'

not

much
22.

against Mithradates with success

armatorum

many
:

slaves

but on
spirit of

account of

the mutinous

joined them.

they his soldiers and the jeal23. victi sunt in Apuli ousy of certain Romans, he was un- were conquered on the river Silarus, able to bring the war to a close. which flows between Lucania and On his return to Rome he gave him- Campania. Spartacus was slain in
self

up

to a life of

indolence and
57 b.c.

the battle.

luxury.
10.

He died in Byzantium
:

Ch. 8.

27.

duo
7.

nominative mas-

the city of By-

culine, agreeing with LucnU'i.

zantium was founded by the Me658 b.c, and was a place of great importance. Constantinople was founded on the same site by the Emperor Constantine the Great in 330 a.d. It remained the capital of the Roman Empire of the East until its capture by the Turks in 1453.
garians in

Page

54.
:

Mithradates fuga-

tus est if the 'Roman soldiers had been able to restrain their eagerness for plunder and had followed Mithradates rapidly, he would have
been captured.
10. Tigrane Tigranes, king of Armenia, was the son-in-law of Mithradates. Although at first he
:

142

NOTES
miles
into

[Pages

54,

55

refused to aid Mithradates, later the

insolence of Lucullus' envoys caused

by sea and by land, as

the

far as fifty

interior,

over the
for

him to change his hand in the war.

Ch. 9.
'the

policy

and take a whole eastern

three years.
.
. .

Mediterranean

in the confecit had swept whole western tract of the is best to translate a participle by a the Mediterranean Sea, and had driven clause.
:

13. boBtem fugatum: quod enemy who had fled.' Often it space of

forty days he

14.

Tigranocertam

the capital

the

enemy

into the opposite quarter.

of Tigranes.
16.

He drove
is

the pirates from the sea,

and compelled them to take refuge word in their strongholds in the Cilician It is post-classical, and coast. These he speedily surrounded is found. is used by only two writers besides and captured. He burnt over 1300 Eutropius. of their vessels, and destroyed all he was directing his their hostile magazines and arsenals. 19. Nisibin jnarch to Artaxata, but the mutiny In ninety days he had terminated of his soldiers caused him to turn the contest. aside to Nisibis, the capital of Meso22. ei Tigranen: by the potamia, and take up his winter Manilian law the authority he had
clibanariis: this
the only

place in Eutropius where this

quarters there.
20. hi:

already wielded against the pirates

Fannius was extended over all the East. Mithraand Triarius. They had been de24. nocturno proelio feated at Cabira and Zela. dates at first attempted to procure 22. neglegenter agentes peace, but Pompey would hear of
his lieutenants,
:
.

'

conducting
greedily.'
24.

themselves carelessly
the

nothing but unconditional surrender.

and

He
:

started to retire slowly but

was

pursued by Pompey, and was overRomans were now exactly where taken in a narrow pass on the Lycus, they were at the breaking out of the where the city of Nicopolis was afterMithradates escaped war, Pontus and Cappadocia were ward built.
overrun by
lost.

bellum renovatum est

Mithradates,

results of eight years' warfare

and the with a few horsemen and fled to were Tigranes, who refused to receive
him.

Page 55.
directed

Ch. 11.
the

12.

bellum

quadraginta milia
fere milia, Ch.
27.
0.

cf.

centum

CrSticiim: the war was

against

in reality

pirates

who
:

Phamacis; Pompey had been

made Crete
Ch. 12.

their headquarters.
20.

active in fostering intrigues in the

the Gabinian law

He had by family of Mithradates. caused Pharnaces to revolt and to vested with absolute authority, both ally himself with the Romans, and
Cn.

Pompeio

Pompey was

in-

Pages 55-57]

NOTES

143

had proclaimed him king at Panti- family. By his dissolute habits and his luxury he had squandered all his capaeum. Page 56. ^- venenum hausit property and had run into debt. The Pharnaces was about to hand him only relief was to secure the consul:

The story is ship, that at the expiration of his term was so inured to poisons of office he might be sent to govern that he was compelled to end his some province, from the plunder
over to the Romans.
that he
life

with a sword. Ch. 13. 7. ab Artaxata Pompey was following him, and was planning to capture his capital city. also Gala11. Syria, Phoenice tia, Cappadocia, and a part of Cilicia which Lucullus had taken away from him, Pompey refused to return.
:

of

which he might acquire another

fortune to be spent in riotous living. Failing to secure the consulship, he

determined to overthrow the state. He formed a band of dissolute nobles,

collected

arms in various places, armed force at Faesulae in Etruria. and made all preparaPompey made tions for an outbreak as soon as the 12. Sophnene the son of Tigranes the king of time was ripe. Meanwhile Cicero Sophanene. had ascertained all Catiline's plans 14. commovisset Subjunctive, by the aid of the mistress of one of the conspirators. Desiring to drive giving the reason of the Romans. Syria was Catiline to some overt act, he assailed Ch. 14. 22. Syriam disturbed by fierce internal dissen- him in the senate on the 8th of sions. To put an end to the anarchy November. The oration he delivstationed an
: :
:

that existed there,

to

Pompey resolved ered has been preserved. Catiline He drove from the hastened from the city to the armed throne Antiochus Asiaticus, who force at FaeSulae. The conspirators had been acknowledged by the sen- who were left in the city were soon
annex
it.
j

ate

and by Lucullus.
:
!

57. 2. ludaeam the Jews alone refused to obey his orders, and

Page

caught in a treasonable act, and were arrested and strangled in prison by order of the senate.

Afterwards Cicero was accused of having put Roman citizens to death business to interfere with the affairs without a trial, and was condemned Creighton, in this part of the East, yet the to exile for a time. government she gave to the prov- p. 73. it was 12. Catilina ipse not inces, formed from the conquered territory, was stable and just in the until March of the next year (62 main, and was welcome after the B.C.) that Catiline was surrounded, state of anarchy that had prevailed. while attempting to escape into Gaul, and slain. Cn. 15. 7. L. SergiusCatilina Ch. 16. 16. nulla Catiline was a member of a patrician fuit: in
sustained a siege of three months at
I

Jerusalem.

Although

Rome had no

144

NOTES

[Page 57

into Gaul, this triumph was displayed a list ot who had come over 800 vessels, 1000 fortresses, and 300 crushed a revolt of the Nervii, decities captured, 39 cities repeopled, feated the Veneti and the Aquitani, and 20,000 talents of gold brought and twice invaded Germany and
to the treasury.

"The
first

great con-

Britain.

It

was Caesar's intention

second

queror had
triumph.

now
His

celebrated his third

to stand for the consulship a

had been for time as soon as his term of office victories in Africa, his second for as governor of Gaul should expire. the overthrow of Sertorius in Eu- Pompey, meanwhile, had become he had now completed the jealous of Caesar's power and had rope illustrious cycle by inscribing on gone over to the senatorial party. Each A measure was passed by the senate the list the name of Asia. section of the globe had succumbed declaring Caesar to be an outlaw
;

to his prowess."

unless he should disband his

army

Ch. 17.

23.

C. lulius Caesar:

and come

to

Rome

a private citizen

Gaius Julius Caesar was born July before a certain date. On Caesar's He was of a patrician refusal to do this, he was declared a 12, 100 B.C. family, but from the first sided with public enemy, and preparations for Many stories of war were made. Caesar advanced the popular party.
his

early youth are told.

He

be-

came pontifex maximus, military tribune, and quaestor in succession. At this period he was noted chiefly as a dissolute debtor and a demaIn 62 B.C. he was elected gogue. praetor, and the next year went as
propraetor to govern the province of

Rome. Pompey fled to Greece, where he was defeated the following year at Pharsalus, and afterwards was murdered in Egypt. At the battle of Thapsus in Africa, 46
to
B.C.,

Caesar defeated the remaining

leaders of the party, Cato

and Scipio.

This was the end of the war.

He

Further Spain. In 60 b.c. he re- returned to Rome and was made turned to Rome and formed a po- imperator and perpetual dictator. litical coalition with Pompey and He inaugurated several important First Tri- reforms, among them a reform in Crassus, known as the He formed many umvirate.' In 59 B.C. he was elected the calendar. consul, and, after the expiration of other plans which his death pre'

his year of office, entered on the governorship of Gaul and Illyricum This for the period of five years.

vented him from executing. Finally, when it was thought that he was
spiracy

was afterwards extended for another period of the same length. While governor of the province he conquered the Helvetians and a wandering band of the Germans

aiming at the kingly power, a conwas formed, and he was assassinated on the fifteenth day of

March, 44 b.c. " While other illustrious men have been reputed great for their

1 ;

Pages 57-59]
excellence in

NOTES
18.
:

145

some one department

at

of intellect, the concurrent voice of

circa Carras the overthrow Carrae was one of the gravest dis-

by the Roman arms 20,000 were slain and 10,000 The says Cicero, 'understanding, mem- were carried into captivity. ory, taste, reflection, industry, and Romans who were made prisoners exactness.' " The Story of the were treated with indulgence by the Parthians and were allowed to settle Bomans, p. 176 Creighton, p. 74 in the land of their conquerors. The Roman Triumvirates^ Ch. 5. a Creighton, p. 77. was emperor imperavit Page 59. Ch. 19. 4. altenim late meaning. Page 58. 1- dgcreta est for consulatum this he demanded in accordance with the agreement the number and gender see H. 395, A. & G. formed between Pompey, Crassus, (439, 1); M. 174, 2, 178, 2 187,rt;G.285-6;B.235,A,2,B,2,&,B. and himself. He was now eligible 2. Helvetios Sequani Eu- for a second consulship, as ten years tropius, following the custom of his had passed since he was consul for day, unites the Helvetians and Se- the first time. quanians. In Caesar's time they 5. aliqu^: cf. aliqud, Bk. I, 3. were quite distinct. The Helvetians contradictum est lit. it was lived in what is now Switzerland opposed = opposition was made.' " the injury was the Sequanians were west of the 8. iniurlam Jura mountains along the Rhone. in depriving him of his military com7. Britannis twice he invaded mand, and leaving him without the Britain. The first time it was a security the consulship would have mere reconnoissance. His conquest afforded." He was willing to diswas only partial. band his array and return to Rome 11. quadringentiSs sc. centena if he could be elected to the consulantiquity has declared that Caesar
asters ever sustained
:

was great

in all.

'

He had

genius,'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

about ^1,640,000. ship in his absence, or if Pompey Germanos twice Caesar crossed would disband his army. the Rhine, but only for the purpose ab Arlmino he had crossed the of impressing the Germans with the small stream known as the Rubicon power of his forces. He fought no which separated his province from
milia sestertium
:

battles there,

but he

inflicted terrible

Italy.

The

story

is

told that as he
'

defeats on

two German bands that crossed the stream he said, The die had come over into Gaul. is cast, let us go where the gods and Ch. 18. 17. M. Licinius Cras- the injustice of our enemies call us.' Bus there was no cause for war mllites congregates habebat
:

against the Parthians, but Crassus

lar

'

kept his troops

collected.'
:

was anxious to make himself popuwith Ch. 20. 14. dictatorem by winning military renown. the exception of Sulla there had
HAZ. EUTROPIUS

10

146

NOTES

[Pages
it

59-(31

the Second Punic War.

15.

been no dictator since the time of into the surf, where later and burned.

was picked up
:

exercitus

superavit:
in

12.

quo conspecto
it.'

'

and when

at first he

met with

serious reverses

Caesar had seen

compelling the Pompeians to sur-

14. generi quondam sui Pompey had married Julia, the daughter It was her render, and enrolled most of them in of Caesar, in 60 u.c. death in 54 b.c. that tended to his army. 18. primo proelio: at Dyrrha- loosen the bond existing between

at Ilerda, but

he soon succeeded

cium

them. Ch. 22. 17. victus Caesar consuperari Indirect quered the royal forces on the banks Discourse depending on dixit.
in lUyria. 20.

nee

22.
tle is

generally

Palaeopharsalum known as

this bat-

of the Nile.
18.

the battle

Alexandria:

when

Caesar

of Pharsalia.

set fire to the royal fleet, the flames

Page gQ. Ch. 21. 4. numquam consumed the great library of Alexneque " a gen- andria, containing 400,000 volumes. neque eral negative may be subdivided by In this fire some of the greatest litautV erary treasures of antiquity perneque or aut neque Pompey ished. 7. pugnatum turn est
. . .

Cleopatrae: the famous queen would have refused battle, but was The who proved to be the ruin of Antony, urged on by his followers. knights and senators who fought in Bk. VII, 6, 7. 20. Pompeio in auxilium Euthe Pompeian ranks soon broke and fled. At the first attack Pompey tropius seldom uses the double Dacf. Romanis fuisset auxilio, fled to his camp, where he tried to tive rally his routed forces, but he was Bk. IV, 3. it was after this 22. vioit acie Leaping on his horse unsuccessful. at the last moment, he escaped battle that Caesar sent to the senate through the rear gate of the camp, the famous message reul, mcfi, rid, I came, I saw, I conquered.' nor did he draw rein until he reached Pagk 61. Ch. 23. 2. ei Thence he hastened to dicLarissa. while he was dictator the coast, where he took ship for tator!
:

'

'

'

Egypt.
9.
:

dictdtori

is

in apposition with
:

e'l.

a nominal king.
11.

he also 6. hic etiam as well a rege Aegypti he was only Egypt was made a as Caesar. 7. M. Porcius Cato he was the province by Augustus, Bk. VII, 7.
'

'

occldit: he caused Pompey great-grandson of the M. Porcius to be inveigled into a boat, where he Cato mentioned in Bk. IV, 23. was murdered and his head severed He is known in history as Cato from his body. His corpse was flung Uticensis, from Utica, where he com-

Pages 61-63]
mitted suicide.

NOTES
He was famous
for

14'

possession of the papers and treasure

of Caesar, he changed sides and encustoms deavored to crush them. 16. Octavianus of early days. he was the son 9. victor fuit: in the battle of of Gains Octavius and Atia, a Thapsus. daughter of Julia, the sister of Ch. 24. 15. Cn. Pompeius he Caesar. After his adoption he took had gone into Spain and had gath- the name of Octavianus. ered around him adventurers of all 19. Augustus this was a title sorts. At first Caesar had sent of- conferred upon him after the battle ficers to subdue the revolt, but find- of Actium, when he refused the ing their efforts unsuccessful, he took title of dictator. command in person. After encounrerum potitus potior regularly tering great personal danger, he takes the Genitive in this phrase. gained a complete victory. Thirty Cf. Alexandria potUtis, Bk. VI, 22. thousand of the vanquished perthese three qui tres duces
his studied imitation of the
:

the austerity of his manners and for

'

ished.

Gnaeus
field,

Pompey
slain.

escaped
the

leaders.'

from the

but was afterward

Sextus,

20.

vicenmt eum
63.
1-

in the battle

overtaken and

of Mutina, 43 n.c.

younger son of Pompey, was the

only leader of the republican party
left.

morerentur: they but Augustus was accused of having murdered

were wounded
in battle,

Page

Page
'

62.
' ;

Ch. 25.

1.

honores:

them.
:

Ch. 2. 3. Lepidum Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Bk. VI, 1, 5, 23. like a king and almost like a He was in Gaul at this time, being usurper.' Nepos defines a tyran- governor of Gaul and Spain. After nus as one who is in perpetual he received Antonius, they crossed
offices
3.

political honors.

regia ac paene tyrannica:

'

'

which enjoyed the Alps at the head of a large body of troops and met Augustus in the 8. senatus die on the day of north of Italy. the senate on the day when the this was 6. pacem fecit senate met. known as the Second Triumvirate.' 9. curiam: Caesar was slain in Antony, Augustus, and Lepidus dithe Curia in the Campus Martins. vided the Roman world among them. Book VII he was far 8. vicesimo anno Ch. 1. 12. partium Caesaris below the legal age, 43. 'of Caesar's party.' 300 Antony at proscripsit 9. senatum first pretended to favor the tyran- senators and 2000 knights were in" Each nicides but after he had obtained cluded in the proscription.
in that state
liberty.'
:

power

'

'

'

148
marked
his victims'

NOTES

[Pages

63,

64

names upon the Vipsanius Agrippa had been a feland each consented to give low-student with Augustus. He up adherents of his own to the greed was a gallant soldier and a devoted friend. It was largely by his aid or hatred of his colleagues," 11. Cicero orator occisus est: that Augustus secured his power Augustus tried to save him, but and retained it. the Parthians. 7. Persas Antony, whose hatred Cicero had i.e. incurred, demanded his death, and Eutropius used Persae for the Parthians who claimed descent from Augustus was forced to yield. Cn. 3. 17. Philippos: the bat- the old Persian kings. 10. Crassmn occiderat tle of Philippi was fought in NovemBk. Creighton, p. 82 The VI, 18. ber, 42 B.C.
fatal
list,
: :

Boman
19.

Triinnvirates, p. 210.
:

11.

Cassius and committed

Cassius was routed

suicide.

several of the

triumphum R5mae egit: Roman standards lost

Brutum

after his forces

at Carrhae were restored by the were Parthians, and were carried in the

routed, Brutus

was compelled
:

to kill

triumphal procession.
Ch.
6.

himself to prevent capture.

12.

infinitam nobilitatem

'

very the battle

of

navali proelio at Naulochus, 36 b.c.

:

many
21.

of the nobility.'

The

Boman

Triumvirates, p. 219.

publica: Lepidus took the province of Africa, Augustus the West, and Antony the East.
divisa
est

res

Shortly afterward Lepidus set up the

He was deby Augustus and his power was taken from him, but his life 23. bellum civile after the cap- was spared. ture of Perusia, Antony threatened 16. ipse pugnavit he lacked war, but he made a truce with the engines necessary for reducing Augustus, whose sister Octavia he the strongly fortified cities of the married. enemy, and besides he was very Page 64. Cn. 4. 1. Sex. Pom- anxious to return to Alexandria. 17. laboravit: his peio the son of Pompeiiis Magnus, fame of. Bk. VI, 24. He had collected a retreat has been compared to the band of pirates and had made him- flight of Napoleon from Moscow. self master of the Mediterranean. 18. pro victo: 'for conquered' 5. pax postremo convenit = as if conquered.' the agreement at Misenum. In acCh. 7. 20. dum optat = opcordance with this, Pompey was to tans, hoping. The world could not retain his command over the sea endure two masters. It was natural and the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, that they should disagree, and that and Corsica. the stronger should conquer. Ch. 5. 6. M. Agrippa Marcus September 2, 22. apud Actium
standard of revolt.
feated
: : : .

'

'

'

Pages 64-66]
31
B.C.

NOTES

149

Page 66- Ch. 9. 6. quod nulli Antony had collected a and land force, but his antea sc. dederunt. 8. Crasso victo from Crassus ships were too large to be handled easily, and many of his land forces when he was defeated.'
large naval
: :

'

Ch. 10. 14. in honorem eius In the midst of the fight Cleopatra fled in her galley, and the compliment was not in the Antony basely deserted his forces founding, but in the naming,
deserted.
:

18. Divus appellatus he and followed her. Creighton, p. 82 i.e. was deified and became the object The Roman Triumvirates^ p. 225. In the 23. ex qut: the antecedent of of a national worship. provinces he was worshiped before qua is pugnd. she was too his death. 25. exstincta est proud to be carried to Rome to Tiberio Tiberius Claudius Nero adorn the triumphal procession of was the son of Tiberius Nero and
;
: : :

her conqueror.

Livia, the third wife of Augustus.

Page
annis
tive

65.

Cii.

8.

7.

duodecim He
:

first

= per annos above

the Abla-

Agrippa,

married the daughter of whom he divorced at the

makes the limits of the time command of the Emperor and more prominent than the duration. married Julia, Augustus' daughter leadership and the widow of Marcus Agrippa. 8. principatus afterwards the sovereignty of After the death of Gaius and
:

'

'

'

'

the emperors
'

cf .

prmceps^ English Lucius Caesar, the sons of Agrippa

prince,'
10.

and
:

Julia, Tiberius

was given the

morte commuiii
'

'

a natural tribunician power and was adopted

death cf morbo decessit, Bk. 1, 3. by Augustus as his successor. There was a report that he was Ch. 11. 21. ingenti socordia probably the charpoisoned by Livia, his wife. libidine 11. Atella: it is generally agreed acter of Tiberius was maligned by that he died at Nola, near Naples. the Roman historians. The people sepultus est the ruins of his disliked him on account of his dark and gloomy temper, with mausoleum still exist. 12. ex maxima parte in very no grace or geniality of manner, shunning the pleasures of the peomany respects.' in a manner ple, and seldom generous or open15. civilissime handed." But we must note the cf. most becoming a citizen'
;
.

'

'

'

'

clviles,

Bk.
.

I, 9.
. .

16.

ut

suo

'

that he placed
his

them almost on a level with

dignity.'
17.

many marks of bias and exaggeracommon story, and we own may well believe that the ancient
tion in the

writers
sc. eos.

aequaret:

Aeqndre

of

his motives

formed too harsh an opinion in some cases, and

scandalous
gossips

may also take cum with the Ablative.

reported

too

150
lightly.

NOTES
Creighton,
pp.
II.

[Pages 66-68

89-91

Pallas.

The Early Empire, Ch.

wife, Agrippina,

He was poisoned by his last who was anxious

25. Archelaum: he was sum- that her son Domitius Ahenobarbus moned to Rome soon after the ac- by her former husband might suc-

cession of Tiberius
treason.

His

life

Claudius. Creighton, p. 93; The Caesarea: called Early Empire^ Ch. IV. Caesarea ad Argaeiim to distin22. Britannici the son of guish it from other cities of the Claudius and Messalina, his first same name. It was situated at the wife. On the accession of Nero, foot of Mt. Argaeus and was a place Britannicus was poisoned.

he was obliged to where he died in 17 a.d.

and accused of ceed to the empire. Suetonius in was spared, but his Lives of the Caesars gives a remain at Home, very dark picture of the reign of
' '

Page

67.

1.

of great antiquity, its foundation having been ascribed to Mesech, the son of Japhet. Ch. 12. 5. C. Caesar: Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was the son of Germanicus and Agrippina. He was born in the camp, probably in Germany, and was

Page
Claudius

68. On. 14. 1. Nero Caesar, surnamed Nero,

:

was the son

of

Domitius Aheno-

barbus and Agrippina. His early youth was spent in study under the philosopher Seneca, who remained his counselor for several years.
reign he

reared

among

the soldiers.

ceived the surname of

his being arrayed
in

During the first five years of his was mild and just. The Caligula from later years were filled with all sorts a mimic uni- of excesses, and were marked by

He

re-

form and wearing a pair of caligae great cruelty. Creighton, p. 93; or soldiers' boots. At first he ruled The Early Empire, Ch. V. well but his sense of power turned 9. urbem Romam incendit: it his head, and the latter part of his is very improbable that Nero was
;

reign

was marked by excesses of all guilty of this crime. Rome was Creighton, p. 92 The Early almost destroyed- in this conflagraEmpire^ Ch. III. tion. Of the fourteen districts into Cii. 13. 13. Claudius: Tiberius which the city was divided, only four Claudius Drusus Nero Caesar Ger- remained untouched by the flames. manicus was the second son of The fire raged for six days and Drusus and Antonia, the brother seven nights and, after it was
sorts.
;
;

Germanicus, the father of Caligula. In early life he had been weak in mind and body, and had been despised or neglected. As emperor he was ruled by his wives and favorites. Narcissus and
of

thought to have been extinguished, it burst forth again, and continued

for

two days longer.

appears

On
to

this occa-

sion Nero

have acted

with great liberality and kindness.

He caused

provisions to be sold at a

Pages 68-70]

NOTES

151

very low price and the imperial gardens to be opened to the people, and temporary shelters to be erected That he for their accommodation. might remove suspicion from himself,

Nero caused

it

emperors from this time on were set up and overthrown at the will of the army. He was very parsimonious in his dealings and so lost the good will of the soldiers, who to be reported were ready to aid any revolt against

that the Christians

the city, and a

seized

had set fire to him. He ruled for only seven number of them was months. Creighton, p. 96 The
;

and put

to death.

This was Early Empire, Ch. VI.

Cii.

17. 12. Otho: Marcus SalOtho was Roman emperor from January 15 to April 16, 69 A.I). He was the husband of the beautiful but infamous Poppaea Sabina, whom Nero took from him Adriatic. and made his own. He was after24. interfecit "At last comes wards sent to Lusitania, where he Phaon's courier with the news that governed with justice and moderathe senate had put a price upon his tion. Creighton, p. 96 The Early head the tramp of the horses tells Empire, Ch. VTI.
the
first

persecution of the Chris-

tians

by the Romans, 64 a.d. Ch. 15. 22. a saxo sc. Tarpeid. 23. liberti his name was Phaon. Salariam: the Via Salaria ran north from Rome to Ancona on the
: :

vius

him
to

that his pursuers are

track,

and fear gives him the nerve

put the dagger to his

mollis: 'effeminate.' voluntaria morte obiit he throat, put an end to his life at Brixellum
14.

on his

22.

while, true to the passion of his

life,

in Cisalpine

Gaul.
slightly mis-

he mutters,
p. 127.

'

What
!

a loss
7^he

my

23.

nonagesimo et quinto im:

death will be to art

'

"

Early perii die

taken.

Eutropius

is

Empire,
25.

Neronianae

the ruins of

the bath

may

still

be seen near the

Pantheon.

Pace 69. Ch. 16. 1. Serv. Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba was born in
:

the reign of Augustus of a patrician

family.

He was

in

Spain when

Julius Vindex, the proconsular gov-

ernor of Gaul, rose against Nero.

Galba joined him, and Otho, governor of Lusitania, followed his example.

Page 70. Ch. 18. 1. Vitellius Aulus Vitellius was Roman emperor from January 2 to December 22, 69 A.I). When the news of Galba's death reached Upper Germany, where Vitellius was in command, his legions proclaimed him emperor He immediately sent at Cologne. his generals, Fabius Valens and Caecina, at the head of a large force, to Italy, and, having defeated
:

He was
soldiers,

by the

forced to

saluted as emperor Otho's troops, obtained the undisand the senate was puted command of all the West. ratify their choice. The He was moderate in his rule, dis-

'

152

NOTES

[Pages

70, 71

turbing no one in the enjoyment

what had been given by Nero, Galba, or Otho. He was a glutton and an epicure, spending enormous sums on his table. Creighton, p. 96 The Early Empire, Ch. VIII. 10. id ferret aimed so
of
.

'

vian dynasty. The others were his two sons and successors. He died on the 24th of June, 79 a.d. " His last words were characteristic of his somewhat cynical humour, Methinks I am becoming a god.'" Creighton, p. 96 The Early Empire,
'
;

openly at
13.

this.
:

Ch. IX.

cum Capitolio

" In the con-

Page

71.

8.

fusion of the fight the famous temple

pasian was besieging Jerusalem

Hierosolyma Veswhen
:

of Jupiter caught fire. All were too the war broke out between Otho and busy to give time or thought to stay Vitellius. When he started for the flames, and in a few hours only Rome he left Titus, his son, in charge ruins were left of the greatest of of the war against the Jews. Titus

the national

monuments

of

Rome, captured the

city after a stubborn

September 8, had served for ages as a sort 70 A.D., and despite his efforts the of record office in which were treas- Temple was burned. Thousands of ured the memorials of ancient his- Jews perished in the siege. tory, the laws, the treaties, and the 11. egerant =/z<era;i^. Ch. 20. 15. coercitor proclamations of old times. The enthe word is apax legoloss was one that could not be re- forcer placed. The Early Empire, p. 146. menon. hic sepultura: triumphavit in 71 a.d. 17. inTiberim Eutropius is mistaken. His body when Titus returned to Rome. 20. genituram,. was recovered and buried by his habuit 'he wife, Galeria Fundana. so knew the horoscope of his sons.' Ch. 21. 25. Titus Titus Flavins Ch. 19. 20. Vespasianus Titus Flavins Sabinus Vespasian. He was Sabinus Vespasian. His early years proclaimed emperor at Alexandria were spent in military service in on the 1st of July, 69 a.d., although Britain and Germany. He won he entered great credit as a general and a solit was a year before Rome. He lived more like a pri- dier. When he returned to Rome vate person than like the emperor after the fall of Jerusalem, he conThe many stories that ducted himself in such a manner as of Rome. are told of his avarice and his meth- to cause a fear that his rule would ods of raising money are probably resemble that of Nero. But after exaggerated. Although he was fru- he became emperor he changed his gal in his personal expenditures, he manner of living, and his whole spent large sums in adorning the reign was marked by a sincere desire city. He was the first of the Fla- for the happiness of his people. The
full of the associations of the

which,
past,

siege of five months,

'

'

'

'

Pages 71-74]
year 79 a.d.
is

NOTES
memorable
for the

153
73.
13.

Page

Palatio

in the
Hill.

great eruption of Vesuvius, attended

Flavian Palace on the Palatine

by the destruction of Pompeii and Extensive remains of this structure Herculaneum. He completed the still exist. At first the word PaldColosseum, often called the Flavian tium was applied only to the hill, Amphitheater. When he died, after but from the time of Augustus it a reign of only two years, there v^as meant a palace,' especially the ima suspicion that he had been poi- perial palace of the Caesars. soned by his brother Domitian, Book VIII Creighton, p. 98 The Early Empire, Ch. X. Ch. 1. 20. Nerva Marcus Coc26. omnium re- ceius Nerva was born at Narnia in mirSbilis markable for every species of virtue.' Umbria in 32 a.d. He was consul Page 72. Ch. 22. 17. tamquam with Vespasian in 71 a.d. and with mourned as for a Domitian in 90 a. d. After the assasorbitate loss in their own families.' sination of Domitian he was declared Ch. 23. 21. Domitianus: Titus emperor by the Roman people and Flavins Domitian. Vespasian was the soldiers, and his administration aware of his son's disposition and restored tranquillity to the troubled
'

'

'

When state. He stopped proceedings Vespasian died, Domitian tried to against those accused of treason arouse the soldiers against his brother and permitted many exiles to reTitus. After his brother became turn. Though he was virtuous and
put no confidence in him. emperor, Domitian was treated with
gi-eat

humane, he did not possess the

necessary vigor
for

kindness, and several offices

checking the
existed.

adopted as his son and successor Marcus Ulpius Traian, who was then at the head of the army in Gerhis reign. In all other places defeat many. He died suddenly on the 27th and disgraceful compromises with of January, 98 a. d. Creighton, p. 99 the enemy marked his campaigns. The Age of the Antonines, Ch. I. Finally his cruelty became unbear22. operam dante giving him able, and g, conspiracy was formed aid, assisting him.'
:

were shared with him. At first mild and just, he soon became suspicious and cruel. In Britain alone were the Roman arms successful during

many

abuses

that

He

'

Petronio Secundo, PartheniS and even his Nerva could not prevent the Praetowife Domatilla, and he was slain rian soldiers from putting them to
officers of the

by the

guard, several

of his intimate friends,

after a desperate struggle.

Creigh-

death.

ton, p. 98
27.

The Early Empire, Ch. XI.

:

Page

74. 3. aetatis
is

dominum

here

it
'

has the Eutropius

Lord.'

mistaken.

amio He was
:

New

Testament meaning,

sixty-five years old

when he

died.

154
4.

NOTES
inter
2.

[Pages

74,

75

Divos relatus
5.

est:
10.

cf.

Dlvus appellatus, Bk. VII,

Ch.

he conquered the greater part of the Parthian empire, taking the capital
city Ctesiphon.

Traianus

Marcus
18,

Ulpius Traian was born at Italica

Page

75. Ch. 4. 3.
:

amicos

near Seville in Spain, September

frequentans
4.

'

going often to his

He was trained to arms, 52 A.D. and rose through the various offices to the rank of praetor. He was adopted by Nerva in 97 a.d. After Nerva's death he became emperor, being the first Roman emperor who was born out of Italy. He was a great soldier and a good administrator. Good sense, a knowledge of the world, and' sound judgment characterized him. Just and sincere in his desire for the happiness
of the people,

friends to salute them.'

festos

dies
'

habuissent:

'they were celebrating feast days.'

indiscreta
of rank.'
6.

with no distinction

nihil

agens

his finances

were prosperous, partly owing to good management, and partly from the success of certain mining operations in Dacia.
9.

per orbem
provinces

multa
Italy
;

" He

constructed several good roads in

he was one of the the

and

among
the

best emperors that governed

Rome. them

was

the

road

across

He crushed the Dacians, success- Pomptine Marshes. At Ostia he fully waged war against the Par- built a large new basin. At Rome
brought peace and he constructed the aqueduct called the whole Roman by his name, built a theater in the world. Creighton, p. 99 The Age Campus Martins, and, above all, made the Forum Traianum, with its of the Antonines^ Ch. II. and libraries, and his 13. Daciam: Trajan conducted basilicas two campaigns against the Dacians, column in the center." 101-103 A.n. and 104-106 a.d. On 10. nihil non: the figure of Lihis return from the second cam- totes, affirming a thing by denying paign he celebrated a triumph and its contrary cf. nun compdrinsset, entertained the people with games Bk. I, 2.
thians,

and

prosperity

to

H. "It is said that Ch. 5. 19. belli domique were slaughtered 484, 2 (426, 2) M. 242, 2 A. & G. during these amusements, and that 258, d; G. 411, 2; B. 232, 2.
lasting 123 days.
11,(X)0
:

animals

10,000

gladiators

fought

in

the

20.

Seluciam:

it

is

generally

arena."

stated that he lived to reach Selinus

in Cilicia, where he died in August, 16. tenuit = hahuit. Ch. 3. 17. Armeniam Trajan 117 A.D. sepultus est he began this campaign in 1 14 a. d. The 23. solus winter of the same year he spent at was the only one of the emperors Antioch. During the next two years who was buried within the city.
:

'

Pages 75-77]

NOTES
The Age
III.
7.

155
of the

This privilege was enjoyed by the

Vestal Virgins.
24. in

Antonines,

Ch.

foro

the

Forum

Trdid-

gloriae invidens
large
to

more prob-

num was

probably the most mag-

ably he saw that the Empire had

nificent of all the

Roman

fora.

It

become too
Ch.
7.

be governed

occupied a large space between the successfully.

Capitoline and the Quirinal Hills,
the latter of which
17.

orbem Romanum

circumiit: he visited every provmake room for it. Among the many ince in the Empire, correcting buildings it contained were two abuses, and examining the adminislibraries, one for Latin and the other tration of government. for Greek manuscripts. It contained 18. multa aedificavit: among
to

was cut away

also the

This

column,
of

famous Column of Trajan. other famous buildings the Mausocomposed of huge leum of Hadrian, now called the
white marble,
bas-relief
is

dnims
within.

pierced
chief

Castle of St. Angelo.

of the

Ch. 8.
full

27.

T.

Antoninus:

his

events of

the Dacian war

shaft.
It is still
:

winds

name was

Titus Aurelius Ful-

round the
25.

standing.

vius Boionius Antoninus, called Pius

CXLIV pedes
=
.

this

height of the Quirinal Hill

cut away.
26.

was the because he persuaded the senate to that was grant to his adopted father Hadrian the apotheosis and other honors
usually paid to deceased emperors.
:

habet huius
.
.

est.

delatum est

'

so

much

respect has been paid to his

tory

memory.'

Page 76. Cn. 6. 3. Aelius Hadrianus: Publius Aelius Hadrian was with Trajan when the latter With the consent of the died. Syrian army he assumed the reins of government and his act was ratiAlthough he fied by the senate.
lost

" His reign is almost a blank in hisa blank caused by a suspension for a time of war, violence, and crime." Although he waged no war for conquest, he defended the provinces with vigor, warring against the Moors and Britons, and the untamed races of the Phine and the Danube. Creighton, p. 101 The Age of the Antonines^ Ch. IV.

some

of the territory that Tra-

jan had added to the Empire, he

Page habens
good.
14.

77.
:

^-

bonis

honorem
the

'

paying respect to
in

strengthened mainder.
just

and

united the

re-

He

was, in
;

general, a

Lorium

Etruria on the

and able ruler yet at times he Via Aurelia. Ch. 9. 18. M. Antoninus Verus: showed himself revengeful, suspicious, and cruel. He died of dropsy he is generally known as Marcus atBaiae, 138 a.d., in the sixty-third Aurelius. He was the adopted son of Antoninus Pius. When only year of his life. Creighton, p. 100
;

156

NOTES
bellum
the
.
. .

[Pages 77-79

twelve years old he assumed the

philosophic mantle and gave himself

Marcomannicum
'

up

to the study of philosophy,

Marcomanni, men of marshes,' were a German

the
tribe

attaching himself to the Stoic school.

that threatened destruction to the

Roman Empire. For thirteen years Marcus Aurelius with difficulty held brother, with him in the govern- them in check. He built many forment. Although they were entirely tresses and a great wall to restrain
After he became emperor he associated Lucius Antoninus Verus, his
different in character, they reigned

them.
2.

conjointly

with
101

no disagreement.
'

quantum

fuit

'

it

was

His

Meditations
p.

Creighton,

Antonines, Ch. V.
23.

have survived. greater than any in the memory The Age of the of man'; i.e. there had been no war with the Germans equally for.

singulos

Augustos

midable.
5.

'one Augustus (emperor) at a time.'

pestilentiae
years,

the plague broke

Ch. 10. 28. contra Parthos Lucius Verus nominally had the
:

out in 167 A.D. and lasted for several

despite

all

efforts

to

check its ravages. It was probably ried on by his lieutenants while he brought to Rome by the soldiers reguidance of the war, but
lingered in Antioch.
it

was

car-

Page 78. Ch. 12. nium Chalcedonium

lonius Dyscolus.
of scientific
to reduce
24.
it

21.
:

turning from the expedition against Apollo- the Parthians.

called Apolis

Ch. 13.

"

He

the father people

the
first

10. Quadi: a powerful who dwelt in the southeastern

Grammar, being
:

part of Germany.
Tiberius.

They had been

to a systematic form."

taken under the protection of

Rome

Fronts

Marcus Cornelius by
and grammarian

In 174 a.d. Marcus

Fronto.

He

acquired great reputa-

Aurelius defeated them in a fierce

battle.

tion as a rhetorician
at

They appear again during

Rome

in the reign of Hadrian.

the reign of Gallienus (Bk. IX, 8).

Some of his letters to his pupils, Towards the end of the fourth century Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, they disappear from history. The were found in the present century. Age of the ^n^onmes, pp. 106-108.
hic
.
.

egit

'

he treated

all

at

Vandali

a confederacy of Ger-

Rome
26.

with equality.'

man
. .

peoples,

who dwelt
of

originally

provincias

traotavit

on the northern coast

Germany.

he did not visit the provinces, but Later they settled north of the kept himself thoroughly informed of Marcomanni, whom they joined. the details of their administration. They invaded Spain, and later Page 79. 1- o principe 'dur- Africa. Under their king Genseing his reign cf. his regnantibus, ric they invaded Italy, and took Bk. I, 2. and plundered Rome, 455 a.d.
:

'

'

'

'

Pages 79-81]
:

NOTES
of the
tinian.
19.

157
Corpus Juris Cw'ilis of Jus-

Suevi an important confederacy German tribes. Their name survives in the modern Suabia.
of
13.

Mulvium pontem
of

about

of

Caesarem fecerat Caesar was now given to

:

the

title

two miles north

Via Flaminia.

Rome, on the

the per-

son next in rank to the emperor,

and who was intended

him.
15.

to

Here the ambassathat had succeed been tampered with by the fellowconspirators of Catiline, were ardors of the Allobroges,
:

indlcere

aliquid

'

to

rested, 63 B.C.
this

The foundations

of

make any demands on

or the senate.
16.
'

the provinces
regii cultus

remain and are built into the Ponte Mollo at the

bridge
still

mstrumentum
comparata
:

same

place.
:

royal furniture.
22.
'

their purchases.'

Ch. 18. 21. Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was com-

Ch. 14. 28. obiit: he died at Vindobona, now Vienna. 29. vitae LXI it is generally said that he died in the fifty-ninth year of his life.
:

mander

in chief

of

the

army

in

Pannonia and

Illyria at the

death
pro-

of Pertinax, 193 a.d.

He was

claimed emperor by the army.

For

nearly a hundred years the emperors

L. Antohe was the son of Marcus Aurelius, but like him in no respect. After concluding a disgraceful treaty with the Germans, he hastened to Rome, where he gave himself up to the
80. Cii.

Pack

15.
:

1.

were made and unmade

of the soldiers.
23.

at the will
p. 104.
'-

ninus

Commodus

Creighton,
:

omni memoria
advocatus
:

in

all

time.
24. fisci
officer

Roman

appointed to look after the

interests of the imperial treasury.

grossest vices.
6.

Creighton, p. 102.
:

Eboraci the modern York. he was periit Geta Ch. 16. 11. Pertinax: Creigh- murdered by order of Caracalla. ton, p. 103. Ch. 20. 23, Caracalla the name Cii. 17. 18. perpetuum compo- of Caracalla was derived from a suit edictum this was a digest of species of Gallic cassock he introthe mass of edicts that had been duced at Rome. issued by the praetors and the pro24. morum fuit his whole vincial governors. It was the basis life was only one series of cruelties
17.
:

he was the conqueror in 735 combats. Nothing delighted him more than to be called the Hercules of Rome.' 7. strangulatus vel veneno he was poisoned and afterwards stranin
'
:

amphitheatro

Page gl. Ch. 19. 16. vallum deduxit the celebrated wall
:

of

Severus, extending from the Solway

Frith to the
It

mouth

of the

Tyne.

was erected

to prevent incursions

of the Caledonians.

gled by his favorite Marcia.

22.

158
and
25.

NOTES
acts
of

[Pages 81-84

extravagant

folly.

Creighton, p. 105.
these

thermae Antoninianae accommodated about 1600 The ruins are persons at once.
:

still

to be seen.

Page 82. Ch. 22. 9. M. Aurelius Antoninus known in history as Heliogabalus. He was the grand:

son of Maesa, sister-in-law of Septimius Severus, and the son of

He was priest in the Symiasera. temple of the Sun at Emesa in

the instrumentality of his

Maximinus. He was born of barbaric parentage, his father being a Goth and his mother a German. He was famous for his gigantic size and his marvelous feats of strength. His government was characterized by oppression and excesses. Cn. 2. 9. Gordiauus Marcus Antonius Gordianus was the grandson of the elder Gordianus. He was a mere boy, probably not more than twelve years old, when he was proclaimed emperor by the
:

Syria when Caracalla died. Through soldiers.

grand-

Page

84.

Ch.

3.

1.

Philippi:

mother he was proclaimed emperor Marcus lulius Philippus I was an by the soldiers and acknowledged Arabian by birth. After the death by the senate. He was the most of Misithus, the father-in-law of Gordianus, he became praetorian profligate of the Roman emperors. Cn.23. 16. Aurelius Alexander praefect, and caused the soldiers to Marcus Aurelius Alexander, gener- revolt, to slay Gordianus, and to He proally known as Alexander Severus. proclaim himself emperor. He had been adopted by Heliogaba- claimed his son of the same name lus and had been created Caesar. Caesar, though he was only seven " He was distinguished by justice, years old. 3. millesimus annus: this anniwisdom, and clemency in all public transactions, and by the simplicity versary was marked by the celebraand purity of his private life." tion of the Saccular Games with
:

Creighton, p. 106.
20.
21.

unusual magnificence, 248 a.d.

'legal adviser.'

adsess5rem:

Ch. 4.

8.

Decius

his full

name

was Gaius Messius Quintus TraHe was sent by nus was one of the most celebrated ianus Decius. Koman lawyers. His works are Philippus to Moesia to crush an often quoted in the Corpus luris insurrection, and was compelled by Civilis of Justinian. He was assas- the soldiers to proclaim himself His reign was occupied sinated in a mutiny of the soldiers emperor. chiefly with warring against the caused by his strict discipline.
UlpiaGoths. He persecuted the Christians Book IX with great severity. Cn. 6. 21. exstinctus est he Page 83. Cii. 1. 1. Maximinus: his full name was Gaius lulius Verus was slain by the soldiers.
:

Ulpianum: Domitius

Pages 84-88]
Ch.
7.

NOTES
:

159 Rome
to

23.

Gallienus

Uie son of

restore
tion.

her former posi-

Valerian us.

Tiie Goths, Vandals,

and the
as

Page
first

at 85. ^- superatus est Valerianus was successful but

; ;

Alemainni were conquered. Zenobia,

who had succeeded her husband

he followed the enemy too rashly. ruler of Palmyra, was captured and Tetricus was He was captured near Edessa. After carried to Rome. Aurelian his death his skin was stuffed and crushed near Catalauni.

commenced many works of public utility, including a new city wall. this He was on his way to chastise the 22. Postumus Ch. 9. period is known as the Rule of the Persians when he was killed by These men, who some of his officers, a conspiracy Thirty Tyrants.'
long preserved as a trophy in the
chief temple of the nation.
: '

revolted from Gallienus

separate
selves,

and set up having been formed against him. governments for them- Creighton, p. 109. were noted in the main for 11. 'Eripe me': Aeneid, VI,

their courage.

They

repelled the

365.
:

she was not conand established govern12. Zenobiam ments that gave peace and secu- tent with the power she had, but tried to extend her sway over all rity to their provinces. Aurelian 28. vniBsimus opifex he is said Syria, Asia, and Egypt. captured Palmyra in 273 a.d., and to have been a smith, ferr'i opifex.

invaders

After adornPage 86. 3. matrimdnia here took her prisoner. ing his triumphal procession, her has a concrete meaning, wives.' Ch. 10. 10. Odenathum he was life was spared and she lived near He checked Tibur for several years. the ruler of Palmyra. occiso Odenatho it is said that the incursions of the Persians and drove Sapor out of Syria. In re- he was assassinated and that Zeno: '
:
:

turn for
gustus.

these

services

Gallienus

bia

had a hand
.

in

it.

honored him with the

Ch. 11.
slain
16.

title of

Au.

Page
.

88. Ch.
:

intermisit

15. 2. Daciam he made the Dan-

by

his soldiers while besieging

occisusest: he was ube the boundary of the empire, as Augustus had done.
:

the private secretary of 8. servi he con- the emperor. He is generally said quered the Goths at Naisus in Dar- to have been a freedman. Tacitus had 13. mors fuit dania and received the surname the assassins put to death soon after Gothicus in consequence. Page 87. Ch. 13. 3. Aurfli- the beginning of his reign. Ch. 17. 21. Probus: his full anus his reign presents a succes-

Milan.
18.

GothoB

vicit:

sion of

brilliant

exploits,

and

it

seemed

for a time

that he would

name was Marcus Aurelius Probus. He was as just and virtuous as he

160

NOTES

[Pages 88-94

was warlike, and is deservedly re- a semblance of union retained. garded as one of the greatest and Creighton, p. 109. Ch. 21. 22. strenuae militiae 6rbest of the Roman emperors. it was his by a course of active service.' 27. apud Sirmium dine
:

'

birthplace.

24.
4.

Page
the

89.

tumultu militari:
because
in

29.

accepisset sc. imperium. Britannias occupavit

: :

in

soldiers mutinied

he 287 A.D.
'

had employed them

public works.

Page 91. Ch. 22. 5. Constantium surnamed Chlorus, the pale.' 6. nepos Claudi 'the grandCh. 18. 14. oculorum dolore affected with a dis- nephew of Claudius.' correptus He was the
laborious
: :

'

ease of the eye.'

son of Eutropius, a Dardanian no-

Ch. 19.

24.

matrimonia:
9.
:

cf.

ble,

and Claudia, daughter of Chris-

mdtj'imonia, Ch.

pus, the brother of Claudius.

:

14. pax convenit Carausius was Page 90. 4. Diocletianum he was born near Salona in Dalmatia. recognized as a colleague. He rose in the army from one posiPage 92. Ch. 25. 18. extrinsetion to another until on the assassi- cus =praeteredy a late usage. Ch. 26. 28. regiae consuetunation of Numerianus he was chosen

He made a great change system of government. In 286 A.D. he associated Maximianus with himself as a colleague and gave him the title of Augustus. Six
emperor.
in the

dinis

formam

Diocletian

intro-

duced the customs of an Oriental monarch. He wore the diadem, the robes of silk and gold, and replaced the republican form of salutation by
the adoring prostration of the East.
:

years later, 292 a.d., Constantius

and Galerius were proCh. 27. 9. ingravescente aevo claimed Caesars, and the govern- he was sixty years old, being born ment of the Roman world was in 245 A.D., and abdicating in 805 a.i>. divided among four men, Diocletian 17. pompa ferculorum inlustri taking the East, with Nicomedia as with a famous succession of pichis residence Maximianus taking tures.' Fercula are representations Italy and Africa, with Milan as his of cities, rivers, and other objects
Chlorus
:

'

residence

Constantius taking Brit- in the conquered countries, carried

ain, Gaul,

and Spain, with Treves

;

in procession at a triumph.

as his residence

Galerius taking

Illyricum and the whole line of the

dence.

Ch. 28. 24. post natos homings: 'since men were created.'

Danube, with Sirmium as his resiBook X This division was natural and possessed many advantages. It Tage 94, Ch. 1. 11. adeo was the only way that the falling modicl: 'of so modest a mode of empire could be preserved, and living.'
. .

'

Pages 94-97]
13.

NOTES
'silver plate.'

161

^tgento:
:

Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licin-

triclinia

properly a couch for ius.

at

By

birth

he

was a Dacian

three persons reclining

meals.

peasant, and an early friend and

Here
sides

it

square,

means the table, which was companion of the Emperor GaleHe was invested with the and surrounded on three rius. by one-armed couches, while command of the Illyrian province
in 307

the fourth side remained open for

A.D.

After the

death

of

Each couch Galerius he concluded an arrangeaccommodated three persons, who ment with Maximinus, by which the Hellespont and the Bosporus reclined upon the left arm. 14. Gallis he had reserved Gaul were to form the boundary of the two empires. After his marriage for his peculiar province. 17. Eboraci: he was on an ex- with the sister of Constantine, he and Constantine strove with each pedition against the Picts. Page 95. Ch. 2. 1. Constanti- other for the undivided sovereignty nus known in history as Constan- of the Roman world. Ch. 5. 20. apud Cibalas this tine the Great. The most important change he introduced was the adop- was in the great battle of Adriantion of Christianity as the state re- ople, July, 328 A.D., and was followed ligion. The story is told that while by the reduction of Byzantium. Ch. 6. 25. apud Nicomediam marching from Gaul at the head of his legions, he saw in the heavens a this victory, September, 323 a.d., luminous cross with this inscription, made Constantine the sole ruler of *By this conquer.' In 313 a. d. he the Roman Empire. Licinius was issued the famous Milan decree that made a prisoner, and although his gave imperial sanction to the religion life was spared for a time, ConstanAlthough he tine had him put to death in 324 a.d. of the Christians. 27. tribus Caesaribus they openly acknowledged Christianity, his religion was a strange mixture of were the sons of Constantine the
convenience
in serving.
:

Christianity
ton, p. 112.
6.

and Paganism. Creigh- Great, Constantine, Constans, and

Constantius.
:

Page 97. 20. nrbem nominis: a building in the Campus Martins, intended for Constantinople, a city which he a lodging house or hotel for foreign built on the site of ancient Byzanin vnia public a

ambassadors.
11.

tium.
. . .

quas

habuit:
'

'which capital
senate,

This he aimed to make his Here he had a second city.

a
praefect
of

he utterly disregarded. Ch. 3. 18. nudare

the
;

city,

and even largesses all of which showed that the supremacy of his power.' Page 96- Ch. 4. 1. Licinius: of Rome was at an end. 24. in villa publica a building his full name was Publius Flavins 11 HAZ. EUTROPIUS
:

to deprive

regiones,

162

NOTES
Page 100.
. .
.

[Pages
Ch.
:

07-10l^

similar in character to the one at

16.

21.

cui
not

Ch. 10. 15. Conhe ruled from 337 to 30 1 a.d. He was the third son of Constantine Under him the whole the Great. empire again became subject to one But in 355 a.d. he was comruler. pelled to make Julian Caesar and to send him into Gaul to oppose the
stanti
:

Rome, Ch. 2. Page 98.

interfui
in

what part Eutropius

expedition
is

took
24.

this

known.

remeans victor

in the last

battle fought

on the 26th

of June,

Julian was mortally

wounded by an

arrow and died the same day. Page 101. Ch. 17. 15. lovi3.nus
:

his full

name was

Elavius
is

barbarians.

Claudius Jovian.
14. 24.

His short reign

remarkable only for the disgraceful called the Apostate, because, al- peace he made with the Persians. though he had been brought up a Although he was a Christian, he proChristian, later he rejected Christi- tected the pagans. anity and returned to Paganism. 20. finibus: he agreed that the He was a brave soldier and a good Romans would surrender their conForced by his soldiers to quests beyond the Tigris and would general. assume the purple, he hesitated to give up several fortresses in Mesobegin a civil war, but was relieved potamia. of the necessity by the opportune 24. Pontium Telesinum it is death of Constantius in 361 a.d. generally stated that Gavins Pontius "Julian was an extraordinary char- was the leader of the Samnites in acter. As a monarch, he was inde- the battle of Caudine Forks. Perfatigable in his attention to business, haps Eutropius confuses him with upright in his administration, and Pontius Telesinus, the leader of the comprehensive in his views as a Samnites in the Social war. Page 102. Ch. 18. 8. nimia man, he was virtuous in the midst violent indigestion.' of a profligate age, and did not yield cruditate
: :

Page 99. Ch.

lulianum

'

to

the

luxurious

temptations

to
of

21.

quam

reservamus:
book
is

which he was exposed."

his

Many

literary
p.

works
116.

are

whether he ever extant. tion and wrote

fulfilled his inten-

another

Creighton,

unknown.

ABBREVIATIONS

= ablative. = absolute. = accusative. ace. = active. act. = adjective. adj. adv. = adverb. = compare (confer). cf. comp = comparative. conj. = conjunction. contr. = contraction. = dative. dat. dem. = demonstrative. desid. = desiderative. dim. = diminutive. = discourse. disc. = for example {exempli e.g.
abl.

abs.

imp. impers
incep.

= = =

imperfect.

impersonal.
inceptive.

incho.
ind.
indecl.

inchoative.

indef. intens.
iter.

m.
n.

nom
num.
pass.
pers.
pi.

gratia).

prep.
pres.

end.
f.

freq.

= = =
= =

enclitic.

feminine.
frequentative.
genitive.

prou.
sc.

gen.
i.e.

sub.
sup.

that

is

{id est)

= indirect. = indeclinable. = indefinite. = intensive. = iterative. = masculine. = neuter. = nominative. = numeral. = passive. = personal. = plural. = preposition. = present. = pronoun. = supply {scilicet) = substantive. = superlative.

Compound verbs are treated under the simple verbs from which they are To this there are two exceptions (1) When neither the simple verb nor any other compound formed from it occurs in the text, and (2) in the case of certain verbs like sumo and surgo, which, though themselves compounds, came to be regarded as simple verbs, and served as a basis for other compounds. The star prefixed to certain simple verbs indicates that they are
derived.
:

not found in the text, but that two or more compounds occur.
All matter within square brackets
is

etymological.

The bracketed words

when not

translated occur independently in the Vocabulary.

164

VOCABULARY
acer,
sup.

acris,

acre,

comp.

acrior,

acerrimus,

adj., sharp, bitter;

A.,

abbreviation of

the praenomen

keen, vigorous,

fierce.

Aulus.
a, ab,

acerbe [acerbus],
before consonants
t

adv.,

bitterly,

abs (a only

cruelly, severely.

or h,
nants,

ab

before vowels and conso-

abs usually only before

and

acerbitas, atis [acerbus] f., harshness, severity, unkindness.

,

q, especially frequent before te), prep, with abl., 1, of place, from,

acerbus,
cruel.

a,

um,

adj., bitter, harsh,

away from,
since, after

out of ; 2, of time, /rom, 3, of agency, by ; 4, of

source,

separation,

cause,

front,

throuf/h, becarise of.

abdQco,

see

dQco.

abeo, see eo. aboleo, ere, evi, itus [ab

to defitroy, abolish,

+ oleo],

wipe out.

abrogo, see rogo. absens, sentis [orig. part, of absum]

adj., absent,

away.
-f-

absimilis, e [ab
like.

similis], adj., un-

f., a district in the PeloLater the Roman province of Southern Greece. Achilles, is, m., a famous Greek chief at the siege of Troy, slain by Paris, the hero of the Iliad. Achilleus, i, m., he assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, and reigned over Egypt for some time. He was taken prisoner by Diocletian, and was put to death, 296 a.d. acies, ei, f., the sharp point of a

Achaea,

ae,

ponnesus.

sioo7'd

battle line; battle.

i,

abstineo, see teneo.

Acilius,

absum,
flow
;

see

sum,
to

Actium,
overf.,

i,

m., see Glabrio. n., a town in Epirus

abundantia, ae [abundo,

ab + unda], abundance. ac, see atque. accedo, see cedo. accido, see cado. accipio, see capio.
ness,

promontory near the town. plenty, full- actuarius, i, m., a secretary, short-

hand

writer.

actus, a, umi, see ago. ad, prep, with accus., 1, of place, to, toivards, to the house of, at, near;
2,

of time,

up

to,

toioards, until, at
to,

acclamo, clamo,
exclaim.

are,

avi,

atus [ad

+
IG

3,

of purpose, to, in order

for,

to shout], to

shout loudly,

for the sake of. addo, see do.

166

VOCABULARY
admitto, see mitto,

adduce, see duco. ademi, ademptus, see adimo. adeo [ad + eo, adv.], adv., to
point, so, very, to such a degree.

admodum
this

[ad

+ modus],

adv.,

up

to the full limit, very, exceedingly.

adnitor, see nitor.

adeptus, see adipiscor. adnoto, are, avi, atus [ad + noto, adfectator, oris [adfectoj, m., one to inark], to observe, remark. that strives for. adoleo, ere, ul [ad + oleo, to emit adfecto, are, avi, atus [ad + fecto, a smell], to turn to vapor, burn. freq. of facioj, to strive after, aspiix adoptio, onis [adopto], f ., adoption. to. adopto. see opto. adfero, see fero. adoro, see oro.
adflcio, see facio. adfiuitas, atis [ad
4- finis],
f.,

rela-

tionship (by marriage). adfligo, see *fligo.

m., a Adherbal,alis,m.,a Numidian prince, claimant. adsessor, oris [adsideo, to sit b]f], sou of Macipsa, slain by Jugurtlia. adhortor, ari, atus sum [ad + m., an asHstant, aid; legal adviser. hortor, to urge], to encourage, ex- adspicio, see *speci6. adsurgo, ere, surrexi, surrectus hort, stimulate, urge. [ad + surg5 (sub + rego), to rise], adhuc [ad + hQc], adv., up to this

adrigo, see rego. adsentor, see sentio. adsero, soe *ser6. adsertor, oris [adserS],

Adiabeni, orum,

adulescens, entis [adolesco, to groio up],m., young; as substantive, a young man. Adiabenicus, a, um, adj., a cog- advents, are, avi, atus [ad -|vento, intens. of venio], to arrive. nomen of the emperor Severus, a adventus, us [advenio, to arrive], conqueror of the Adiabeni. m., arrival. adimo, see em5. adipiscor, i, adeptus sum [ad + adversus, a, um [adverts, to turn
pi.

although, yet. tn., the Adiabeni, a people living in the northern part of ancient Assyria.
;

time or place

still,

to rise, arise.

apiscor,
reach.

to

gain], to get, obtain,

to],

adj.,
to,

turned

to

or

toivards;

opposed
soe

adverse.

adicio, see *iaci6.

adversus and adversum, prep, with

accus., facing, in
to assist]
,

adiungo,

iungo. adiutor, oris [adiuvo,

opposition
to

to,

m.,

against.

a helper, assistant, confederate.

advocatus,

[advocS,

call

to

aid], m., a pleader, advocate ; aider, administratis, onis [administro] helper. f., management, government. administro, are, avi, atus [ad + ad vols, are, avi, atus [ad + volS, tojiy], to, fly to, hurry on, rush. ministro, to manage], to manage, aediflcS, are, avi, atus [aedis4govern, regulate, carry on (war). faciS], to build. admiratiO, onis [admiror], f., adaedile, a astonish- aedilicius, i [aedills, miration, ivonderment, Roman magistrate], ra., one who ment. admiror, see miror. has been an aedile.

VOCABULARY
aeg-er,
feeble.

167

gra,

grum,
ad\^,

adj.,

sick,

aegre [aeger],
scarcely.

loitli difficulty,

aetas, atis, f., time of life, life; old age ; period of time, time. Aetoli, orum, pi. m., the Aetolians, inhabitants of Aetolia, a division of
Greece.

aegritudo, inis [aeger],

f.,

sickness,
be

grip/, v:'xittlo)i, mortification.

aevum,
to

i,

n.,

period of

life, life,

age.

aegroto, are, avi [aeger],

sick,
l<(nf/iii(l,
i, i,

pine.

Aegyptus,
Aelianus,
cletian.

m., Egypt.

Afer, Afri, m., an African, especially an inhabitant of Carthage. Afranius, i, m., Ij. Afranius, a general of

m., a leader of an in-

Pompey

in Spain, killed in

surrection during the reign of Dio-

Africa, 46 B.C.

Aelius,

i,

m., see
i,

Hadrianus,
the governor of
in the reign

Aemilianus,
of Gallus,

ni.,

Pannonia and Moesia

Roman emperor, 253 a.d. Aemilius, i, m., the name of a Roman

gens.
1,

Africa, ae, f., Africa; often the northern part of the continent, especially the part near Carthage. Africanus, i, m., see Scipio. ager, agri, m., field, farm, estate; territory, land; the country. aggredior, see *gradior.

2.

Lucius Aemilius, consul 224 B.C. Marcus Aoailius (Mamercus),

agnosco, see nosco. ago, agere, egi, actus,

motion, drive, lead
;

to set in

dictator.

act, do, per-

See Lepidus, Paulus. aemula, ae [aemulus], f., a rival. aemulor, ari, atus sum [aemulus],
to rival, vie with,

form

treat, deal

spend, pass time

gratias agere,

con c6go,
ex exigo,
drive out
;

thanks. ere, coegi, coacto give to

emulate.
adj., striving ear-

tus, to drive together, collect ; force.

aemulus,
nestly

a,

um,

ere, egi, actus,

after,

emulating, rivaling;
[aes, coppej'], adj.,

envious.

re

complete ; pass, end. redigo, ere, egi, actus,

to

aeneus,

a,

um

drive back; reduce; render, bring.

of copper, bronze.

sub subigo,
to drive

ere, egi, actus,

aequalls, e [aequus], adj., equal, lik ; as subst., a companion. Aequi, orum, pi. m., the Aequi, a people dwelling in the upper valley of the Anio, in the mountains forming the eastern boundary of Latium, aequitas, atis [aequus], f., evenness,
'

under, put doivn, conquer. trans transigo, ere, egi, ac-

tus,

to

cwn^y through,

finish, settle,

pofonn
agrestis, e [ager],
^d}., of the fields, rustic; as subst., countryman.
i,

Agrigentum,
in Sicily.

n.,

a Greek colony

fairness, justice.

aequo, are, avi, atus [aequus], to Agrippa, ae, m., M. (Vipsunius) Agrippa, son-in-law of Atticus, minmake even, place on an equality. aequus, a, um, adj., even, level ; fair, ister of Augustus. Agrippina, ae, f., a city in Belgic just; aequo animo, iinpartially aerarium, i [aes, copper^, u., treasGaul.
ury, fund. aestas, atis, ala, ae,
f,, f.,

a icing, flank.
pi.

summer.

Alamanni, orum,

m., the Ala-

168

VOCABULARY
quod
[alius

manni, a name applied to a con- aliqui, quae,

federacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main.

+ qui],
other,

indef. pron. adj.,

some one or

some, any.
aliquis, qua,

quid [alius
;

+ quis]
subst.,

Albani, orum,

pi.

m., the Albfmi,

indef. pron., so)ne one,

something;

the inhabitants of Alba

Longa

in

any

one, anything
n.,

some ; as

Latium
Alblnus, Rome.
1.

the inhabitants of Albania

west of the Caspian Sea. i, m., a family name at

Clodlus Alblnus, governor of

something, anything. aliquot [alius quotj, indef. indecl.

aliquid,
adj.,

some, several. alius, alia, aliud,

other,
different,
.
.

adj.,
;

another,
. .
.

else

Britain at the death of

Commodus.

alius,

and was defeated and some others; longe aliam (alio) atque, very by Septimius Severus at Lugdun um, 197 A.D. different from. 2. Sp. Postumius (Alblnus) con- Allectus, i, m., the chief officer of sul 344 and 321 B.C. Carausius in Britain. 3. Aulus Postumius Albinus,Gon- Allia, ae, f., a small river flowing sul 242 B.C. into the Tiber from the east about 4. L. Postumius Alblnus, consul 11 miles north of Rome. Alma, ae, f., a mountain in Pan234 and 229 B.C. 6. Sp. Postumius Alblnus, consul nonia. Alpes, ium, f., the Alps. 186 B.C. 6. Sp. Postumius Alblnus, consul alter, altera, alterum, pron. adj.,
revolted,
. .
.

He

one another; pi.,

one,

alius another

slain

110 B.C.

Albis,

is,

m., the river Elbe in Gerdri, m.,

one of alter
other.

tivo,
. . .

the other, the second;

alter, the one

the

many. Alexander,

Alexander the

Altinum,
in the

Great, king of Macedonia, the con-

i, n., a town of the Veneti north of Italy at the mouth

queror of Persia

B.C. 350-323.

of the river Silis.

altitude, inis [altus, high], i., Alexander, dri, m., see Aurelius. Alexandria, ae, f., a city in Egypt, height, depth. at the mouth of the Nile, founded amabilis, e [amo, to love], adj., by Alexander the Great, 331 B.C. ivorthy of love, lovely, amiable. Alexandrinus, a, um, adj., Alex- Amandus, i, m., a leader of an inandrine, pertaining to Alexandria. Alg-idus, i, m., a mountain in Latium. alias [alius], adv., at another time,
surrection during the reign of Diocletian,

under other circumstances. alienus, a, [alius], adj., belonging to another, another's.

ambo, ae, 6, adj., both. Ambrones, um, pi. m., a

ple defeated

Celtic peo-

um

by Marius near Aquae

f.,

Sextiae in 102 b.c.

aliquamdia
for a

[aliquis
a,

+ diu],

adv.,

amicitia, ae [amicus],

friendship.
adj.,

irfiile,for

some time.
adj.,

amicus,
friend.

a,
;

aliquantus,
siderable.

um,

some, con-

friendly

[amo, to love], as subst. amicus, i,

um

m.,

; .

VOCABULARY
Amisus,
i,

169
pi,

Gr. ace.

Amison,

f.,

Antemnates, um,

m., the

in-

coast city of Pontus, the residence

of Mitliradates tlie Great.

amitto, see mitto. amnis, is, m., river, torrent, stream.

habitants of Antemnae, a Sabine town at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber.

Anthemusia,
Mesopotamia.

ae,

f.,

a province of

amoenitas,

atis
a,

[amoenus],
to

f.,

])leasantness, agreeableness.

Antiochenses, ium, m.,

love],

amoenus,

una [amo,
charming.
to love],

adj., pleasing,

amor, oris [amo,

m., love;

the inhabitants of Antioch. Antiochia, ae, f ., the capital city of Sj'ria on the river Orontes.
i, m., kings of Syria. Antiochus II., called Tlieos, 261-

a beloved object, one's love.

Antiochus,
1.

amphitheatrum, i, n., amphitheater. ample [amplus], adv., largely. ampliflco, are, avi, atus [amplus
-f-facio], to increas", enlarge.

246 B.C.
2.

Antiochus III., called the Great,

223-187 B.C.
3.

amplio, are, avi, atus [amplus], to enlarge, magnify. amplius [amplus], comp. of ample,
more, further.

Antiochus IV., called Epiphaa,

to

nes, 175-164 B.C.

antiquus,
belonging

um
a,

[ante], adj., old,

a former time.

amplus,

a,

um,

adj., great, large;

Antoninianus,
longing
to the
i,

um,

adj.,

of or beof

noble, distinguished.

Antonines.
m., the

ancilla, ae,

Ancus,

i,

f., a maid-slave, maid. m., see Marcius,

Antoninus,

name

Andriscus,

i, m., a Persian wiio pretended to be the natural son of Per-

dynasty of Roman emperors. 1. T. Aurelius Antoninus Fulvius

Boionius Pius, 138-161 a.d. 2. M. Aurelius Antoninus Verus,
161-180 A.D.
3.

seus and assumed the

name of Philip.

angustia, ae [angustus, narrow], i., narrowness ; pi., narrow places, a pass. Anicius, i, m., Anicius, praetor in the Third Macedonian war, 176-168

L.

Annius Antoninus Verus,

161-169 A.D.
4.

L. Antoninus

Commodus, 180-

193 A.D.
5. M. Aurelius Antoninus Bassdnius Caracalla, 211-217 a.d. 6. M. Aurelius Antoninus, Heliogabalus, 218-222 a.d. Antonius, i, m., the name of a Roman

B.C.

Anien, enis or Anio, onis, m., a

small tributary of the Tiber.

animus,

i,

tion, feelings

m., soul, mind; disposicourage, spirit. ;

Annius, i, m., see Antoninus. annus, i, m., a year. annuus, a, um [annus], adj., animal; lasting a year. ante, adv., of space, before, in front of ; of time, before, previously, ago prep, with accus., both of space and

gens.
C. Antonius, consul 63 B.C. L. Antonius, consul 41 B.C. friend of 3. M. Antonius, the Caesar and member of the Second
1.

2.

Triumvirate, consul 44 B.C.

antea

time, in front of, before. [ante], adv., before, formerly

Anullinus, i, m., a Roman senator, anulus, i [dim. of anus, a circle],

m., a ring.

170
Aper,

VOCABULARY
pri, m., Arrius Aper, praeto-

arbitrium,

[arbiter, judge], n.,

rian praefect.

He was put

to death

judgment;

will; power.

*arce6, ere, ui, to inclose ; proby Diocletian, 284 a.d. hibit. aperio, see *pario. con coerceo, ere, ui, itus, to Apollonia, ae, f., a city of Thrace on shut in ; restrain, check. the Pontus Euxinus. ex exerceo, ere, ui, itus, to Apollonius, i, m., Apollonius Chalceexercise, drill. donius, called Byacolus, "the illArchelaus, i, m., (1) a distinguished tempered." A rhetorician. general of Mithradates. apoplexis, Is, f., apoplexy. apparatus, us, m., equipment, prepa(2) Called Cappadox, king of Capimdocia, 3(5 b.c.-M a.d. ration ; ftplendor, pomp.
,

appareo,

see

pareo.

Ardea, ae,

f.,

the capital city of the

Rutuli, in Latium, about eighteeu appello, see pello. miles south of Rome. appeto, see peto. Appi6n,6nis, ni., Appion Ptolemaeus, ardeo, ere, arsi, arsus, to be hot, burn ; be eager, excited. king of Cyrene, 117-% B.C. [argent um] adj ., Appius,!, m., a praenomen especially argenteus, a, common in the Claudian gens. of silver.

um

Appius,

a,

um,

adj.,

Appian

espe-

Argentoratum,
Gaul.

i,

n.,

a city in Belgic

Appia, the famous road built by Appius Claudius the Censor, 312 B.C.
cially the via

argentum, i, n., silver; money. Argi, orum, pi. m., the city of Argos

in the eastern part of the Peloponappono, see pono. nesus. apprime [primus], adv., mo.'it of all. apud, prep, with ace, of place, near; Ariaratus, i, m., calleil Cappadox,

of

persons,

ttrlth,

among, in
author,
in

the

presence
the
loorks of.

of, at the

house of; with

the

name

of

an

king of Cappadocia, 220-1G2 b.c. i, n., a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea. Arlobarzenes, is, m., king of Cap-

Ariminum,

Apulia, ae,

f .,

a district in the south-

padocia, 1)3-03 B.C.

eastern part of Italy.

aqua, ae,

f.,

loater.

Aquileia, ae, f., a city in northern Italy on tlie Adriatic Sea. Aquilius, i, m., see Florus. Aquitania, ae, f., a province of Gaul between the Garonne and the
Pyrenees.

Aristarchus, i, m., made king of Colchis l)y Pompey. Aristo, onis, m., an Athenian philosopher who surrendered Athens to
Mithradates, 87 B.C. Aristobtilus, i, m., king of Judea, taken captive by Pompey, ($3 b.c. Aristonicus, i, m., a natural son of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus.

Arabes, um,
of Arabia. Arabia, ae,

pi.

m., the inhabitants

f.,

Arabia.

arma, orum, pi. n., weapons Armenes, is, m., son of

loarfare.

Nabis, a

Arabicus,

a, um, adj., belonging to or pertaining to Arabia, cognomen

Armenia,

of Septimius Severns.

tyrant of Sparta. ae, f., a country of A.sia southeast of the Black Sea,

VOCABULARY
Armenia Minor,
west of the Euphrates.
the

171
f.,

portion

aspis, idis,

(tn asp, viper.

assiduus,
pertaui-

a,

um

[adsideo,

to sit

by

Armeniacus,

a,

um,

a<lj.,

or near], adj., continually present,

busied; diligent, persistent, faithinr/ to or belonf/infj to Armenia. Armenii, orum, pi. m., the inhabitful; cotitinual, unceasing, unremitting. ants of Armenia. armo, are, avi, atus [arma], to Assyria, ae, f., a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and arm, equip; armati, armed men,
soldiers.

Armoricum,

i,

n.,

the northern part

Babylon. Atella, ae,

pania.

f.,

a small town in Campi. f.,

of Celtic Gaul.

aro, are, avi, atus, to plow. ars, artis, f., skill, art, knoioledfje.
arsi, see

Athenae, arum,

Athens, the

chief city of Attica.

Atheniensis, e, adj., Athenian. ardeo, Artaces, is, ni., a king of Hiheria, Atilius, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Sulcus, Reg-ulus. conquered by Pompey. Artaxata, ae, f., the capital city of atque, ac (the latter used only before consonants), conj., and, and espe_ Armenia Maior, Aruns, antis, ni., the son of Tarcially, and even; than, as; simul ac, as soon as ; idem ac, the same quinius Superbus. Arverni, orum, pi. m., an important as: alius ac, other than; contra atque, differently from what. tribe of Celtic Gaul.
ae, f., a district of Ar- atrox, ocis, adj., savage, ferce, cruel, terrible. menia Maior, bounded on the south Attalus, i, m., kings of Pergamus. by the Tigris. ascendo, see *scand6. 1. Attalus I., 241-197 B.C. Asclepiodotus, i, m., a praetorian 2. Attalus Philadelphus, 159-138
praefect during the reign of Diocletian.

Arzanena,

B.C.
3.

Attains

Philometor,

138-133

Asia, ae,

Asia; Asia Minor. Asiagenes, is, m., a Greek term for

f.,

B.C.

Attalus,

the Latin Asidticus;

cognomen

of

L.

Cornelius Scipio, conqueror of

(1)

i, m., king of Paphlagonia. attero, ere, trivi, tritus [ad + tero, to rub'], to rub against, rub away,

Antiochus. Asina, ae, m.

loear

destroy, ivaste.

On.

Cornelius

Asina, consul 260 B.C. (2) P. Cornelius (Asina), consul

218 B.C.

attingo, see *tango. attritus, see attero. attuli, see adfero. auctor, oris [aug-eo], m., producer,
f.,

Asinius, i, m., Hierius Asinius, leader originator, cause. of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90 auctoritas, atis [auctor],
B.C.

au-

thority,

power; influence, weight,

asper,

aspera,

asperum,

adj.,

dignity.

rough, hitter; violent, severe. asperitas, atis [asper], f,, roughness, harshness.

auctus,

a,

um,

see aug-eo.
adj., bold, dar-

audax, acis [audeo],

ing, audacious.

172
audeo, ere, ausus sum,
attempt.

VOCABULARY
to

dare,

avare [avarus,
ily.

greedy], adv., greedgreedy],

audio, ire,
listen to.

ivi, itus, to hear,

hear

of,

avaritia, ae [avarus,
greed, avarice,

f.,

Ob oboedio,
give ear
hall.
to,

ire, ivi, itus, to

Aventinus,
Rome. averts

i,

m.

(sc.

mons),

the

hearken, listen; yield. auditorium, i [audio], n., a lecture

Aventine, one of the seven

see *vert6,
a,

hills of

aufero, see fero. Aufidius, i, m., the name of a gens. See Orestes, augeo, ere, auxi, auctus,

avidus,

um,

adj. comp., avidior,

Roman
to

desirous, eager, greedy.

avis,
in-

is, f., bird.

avunculus,

crease, spread; praisejionor; enrich.

Augustus,

i, m., a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 B.C., and after liim to all the Roman emperors. i,

i [dim of avus], m., mother's brother, uncle. avus, i, m., grandfather, ancestor.

Aurelianus
Aurelidnus,
275 A.D.

m., Lucius Domitius

B.

Roman um,

emperor, 270-

Babylon, onis,

f.,

capital city of the

Aurelius,
Aurelius,
gens.

a,

adj..

Aurelian;

Babylonian-Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.

esp. via Aurelia, the Aurelian road.

i,

Bacaudae, arum,

pi.

m., the

name

m., the

name of a Roman

of the revolting peasants in Gaul in

the reign of Diocletian.

i, m. {D. Caelius) Balbinus was elected emperor by the Senate, but was slain by the soldiers See Antoninus, Cotta. at Rome, 238 a.d. aureus, a, um [aurum], adj., golden, barbaria, ae [barbarus], f,, a of gold; embroidered with gold. strange land, a foreign country Aureus mons, m., a mountain in (opposed to Greece and Italy). Upper Moesia. barbaricus, a, um [barbarus], adj., aurum, i, n., gold. Aurunculeius, i, m., the name of a foreign, strange; as subst., Barbaricum, i, n., strange land. Roman gens. See Cotta. auspicium, i [avis + *speci6], n., barbarus, a, um, ?id]., foreign, barbarous, barbarian; as subst., bardivination by watching the .flight, bari, orum, pi. m., foreigners, or noting the cries, of birds; an

Aurelius Alexander,

Roman em- Balbinus,

peror, 222-235 A.D.

omen;

auspices.

barbarians.

ausus, see audeo. aut, conj., or; aut

. . .

aut, either

Bassianus, i, m., see Antoninus. Bassus, i, m., L. (P.) Ventidius Bassus, a

or.

Roman
B.C.

general

who gained

autem,

conj.,

always postpositive,
n.,

several victories over the Parthians.

but, however, moreover.

Consul 43
help, aid;

auxilium,
pi.,

[aug-eo],

Basternae, arum,

pi.

m., a warlike

auxiliary troops (usually foreign

light

and

armed)

German mouth of

people

living

near

the

the Danube.

VOCABULARY
beatus,
a,

173
i,

um
i,

[beo,
n.,

to hless], adj.,

Bituitus,
in Gaul.

m., a king of the Arverni

C.

blessed, hapijy, prosperous.

Bedriacum,

a small towu in

Blaesus,

i,

ni.,

Sempronius Blae-

Cisalpine Gaul.

sus, consul 253 B.C.

Belgicus, a, um, adj., Belgic; Gallia Belgica, or absol. Belgica, the northern part of Gaul between the Rhine and the Seine.
belllcosus, a,

blanditia, ae, f., flattery; in pi., blandishments, allurements. blatteus, a, [blatta, purple],

um

adj., puiple-colored.

um

[bellicus], adj.,

blattinus, a,

um

[blatta, purple],

warlike, fond of icar, fierce. [bellum], adj., perbellicus, a,

adj., purple-colored.

um

Bocchus,

i,

m.,

akingof Mauretania,

taininfi to loar, niilitury, martial.

father-in-law of Jugurtha.
to

bello, are, avi,

ivaye tear.

atus [bellum],
are,
,vi,

Boionius, i, ni., see Antoninus, bonitas, atis [bonus], f., goodness.

re

rebello,
i

atus,

to

Bononia, ae,
Gaul,

f.,

a city in

Belgic

loage lonr again, rebel.

now Boulogne.

i, m., a Spaniard who usurped the imperial title in Gaul bene [bonus], adv., comp. melius, in the reign of Probus, 281 ad. bonus, a, um, adj., comp. melior, sup. optime well, successfully. Beneventum, i, n., a city in Camsup. optimus good, advantageous, friendly ; bono animo esse, to feel pania in Italy,

bellum,

[for

duellum, from duo], Bonosus,

n., ivar, xcarfare.

benignitas,

atis

[benig-nus],
adj., kind,

f,,

good-will, kindness.

friendly; as subst., bonum, i, n., profit; boni, orum, pi. m., good

benignus,
able.

a,

um,
f.,

favor-

men, loyal
pi. n.,

citizens

bona, orum,

goods.

Bosporani, orum, pi. m., dwelling on the Cimmerian Bosporus. Bessi, orum, pi. m., a mountain tribe Bosporus, i, m. of Thrace. 1. Cimmerius Bosporus, the strait Bestia, ae, m., L. Calpurnius Bestia, leading from the Black Sea to the
Berenice, es,
in Africa.

a city in Cyrenaica

consul 111 B.C. bestia, ae, f., a beast, animal. bibo, ere, bibi, to drink. Bibulus, 1, m., L. {Calpurnius) BibuIvs, consul with Caesar 59 B.C. biennium, i [bis annus], n., two

Sea of Azov.
2. A city in the Crimea on the Cimmerian Bosporus. bracchium, i, n., an arm. breviarium, i [brevis], n., a summary, abridgment, epitome.

years' time.
bini, ae,

brevis,

e, adj., short, brief.

f.,

[bis], dist.

num.

adj.,

two

bre vitas, atis [brevis],

Britannicus,
a,

shortness.

by two, two each. bis [duis duo], cf.

;

um,

adj.,

pertaining

num.

adv.,

to

Britain, British; as subst., Bri-

twice.

Bithynia, ae, f., a country in Asia Minor, on the Propontis and Black
Sea.

tannicus, i, m., son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina. Britanni, orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of Britain, Britains.

174
Britannia, ae,
f.,

VOCABULARY
Britain, England
the
pi.

Caecilius,
gens.

i,

m., the

name of a Roman

and Scotland;
Ireland.

in

includes
the
in-

Brundisini, orum,

pi.

m.,

Q. Caecilius, consul 206 B.C. See Metellus.

habitants of the city of Brundisiuin, in Calabria. Bruttii, orum, pi. m., a people in the

Caecus,

i,

m., Appius Claudius {Caekilling, slaugh-

cus), consul 307 B.C.

caedes, is [caedo],
ter,

f,,

southwestern part of Italy. Brutus, i, m., a family name at Rome. He con1. D. Iimins Bnitus.

massacre. caedo, ere, cecidi, caesus,

cut to pieces;
kill,

to cut,

conquer, rout;

quered the Callaeci and Lusitani,

virgis caedere,

//Of/.

and won the name of Callaecus

in
to

ex excido,
ish, lay ivaste.

ere, cidi, cisus,

off';

consequence. Consul 138 B.C. 2. L. Innius Brutus, nephew of Tarquinius Superbus, consul with
Collatinus 509 B.C.

cut out, cut down, cut

demol-

Ob occido,
cut down,

ere, cidi, cisus, to

kill, slay.

Caelius, a, um, adj., Caelian; 3. (J/. Innius) Brutus, one of the Caelius Mons, the Caelian Hill, murderers of Caesar. one of the seven hills of Rome. Budalia, ae, f,, a town in Lower Pannonia, the birthplace of the em- caelum, i, n., heaven, sky.
peror Decius.

Caeninenses, ium,
C. Atilius Bulcus, con-

pi.

m., the in-

Bulcus,

i,

ra.,

[now Bordeaux. sul 2.37 B.C. Burdigala, ae, f ., a city in Aquitania, Caenophrurium, i, n., a town in Burziaone, es, f., a city in the modThrace. Caepio, onis, in., the name of a ern Bulgaria. Roman family. Byzantium, i, n., a city on the Thracian Bosporus, later Constantinople.
1.

habitants of Caenina, a town of the Sabines.

Cn.

Servilius

Caepio,

consul

253 B.C.
2.

Q. (Cn.) Servilius Caepio, con-

C,
C.

abbreviation of

the

praenomen

sul 140 B.C.

3.

Gains,

Q.
B.C.

{Servilius)

Caepio,

consul

= centum,

100.

10()

Cablra, orum, pi. n., acity in Pontus, Caesar, aris, m., a family name in the Julian gens. on the border of Armenia. Cabyle, es, f., a town in Thrace. 1. C. h'dins Caesar, the famous cadaver, eris [cado], n., a corpse. dictator. See Notes, p. 144. cado, ere, cecidi, casurus, to fall, 2. Sex. laiius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91 B.C. be killed, die ; happen. 3. C. Octavidnus, see Augrustus, ad accido, ere, cidi, to hapOctavianus. pen, befall, come to pass. con concidS, ere, cidi, to Caesarea, ae, f., the name given to several cities founded in honor of fall, be slain, perish. in incid6,ere,cidi, to fall, the Caesars. 1. Caesarea in Cappadocia, fall in with, meet; happen.

VOCABULARY
Caesarea iu Mauretaiiia. Caesarea in Palestine, caesus, a, una, see caedo. Calabria, ae, f., a division of southern Italy. calamitas, atis, f., a calamity, de2. 3.

175

canto, are, avi, atus [freq. of cano, to sing], to produce m,elodious

sounds, sing.

capio, ere, cepi, captus,

to

take,

get, seize, capture, arrive at;

con-

feat.^

silium capere, to form a plan. ad accipio, ere, cepi, ceptus,

calceamentum, i, u., a shoe. calidus, a, um, adj., comp. calidior

ivann, hot.

to

accept, receive; listen

to,

learn.

de decipio,
tus,
to

ere, ere,

cepi, cepcepi, cep-

take in, catch, deceive, cheat. take out, except, take

;

Caligula, ae,

m.,

C.

Caesar,

sur-

ex excipio,
tus,
to

named
Callaeci,

Caligula,

Roman emperor

up;

37-41 A.D.

intercept, capture

receive.

orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of the northern part of Spain. Callatis, is, f ., a town in Moesia, on
the Black Sea.

prae
see;

praecipio,
to

ere,

cepi,

ceptus,
re

take beforehand, fore-

bid, order, direct, instruct.

recipio, ere, cepi,

receive;

callide

[callidus,

shrewd],

adv.,

to

take back,

ceptus, admit; se

keenly, shrewdly.

Callinicum,

i,

m., a city iu

Mesopo-

tamia, on the Euphrates. Calpurnius, i, m., see Bestia.

Calvinus,
calx, cis,

i,

m.. Sex. Domitins Cal-

vlnus, consul 127 B.C.

f., limestone, lime; the goal of the race-course. Camillus, i, m., 1. (A/.) Furius Ca-

recipere, to retreat. sub suscipio, ere, cepi, ceptus, to take up ; admit, support undertake, incur, undergo. Capitolium, i, n., the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; the hill on which

this stood, the

Mons

Capitollnus, the

citadel as well as the chief sanctuary of Rome. Cappadocia, ae,

millus, a
2.

famous Roman hero.

f.,

a province in
a Cappadocian.

L.

Furius (Camillus), consul

ae,
f.,

Asia Minor.

349 B.C.

Cappadox,
captivus,
tive
;

ocis,

ni.,

Campania,

a district of Italy on the western side, south of Latium.

i,

a,

um

[capio], adj., capi,

as subst., captivus,
f.,

m.,

campus,

a plain

Campus Mar;

captiva, ae,
of war.

captive, prisoner

tins, the level space north of the

Capitoline Hill at
au<l served as

Rome

it

was

out-

captus,

a,

um,
f.,

see capio.

side of the walls in the earliest times,

Capua, ae,
caput,

a Greek

city

near

a place for exercise. Canina, ae, m., C. Claudius Canina, consul 273 B.C. Cannae, arum, pi. f., a small town in Apulia, where one of the most important battles of the Second Punic

Naples, in Campania.
itis, n., the

head; a person,

man: mouth

(of a river); life.

Caracalla, ae, m., see M. Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus.

Carausius,
fleet

i,

m., a

commander of

the

War was

fought, 216 B.C.

in the

Cantabria, ae,

f., a division northern part of Spain.

under Maximian. He revolted, and after some time was slain, 2D3
A.D.

176
Carbo, onis, m.,

VOCABULARY
caten5, are, avi, atus [catena],
to

1. Cn. {Papirius) Carbo, consul 113 b.c. 2. (Cn.) Papirius Carbo, consul

82 B.C.

career, eris, m., prison.

bind with chains. Catilina, ae, m., L. Sergius Catiline, a conspirator during the consulship of Cicero, 03 b.c.

Cardueni, orum, pi. m., a powerful Catinenses, ium, pi. m., the inhabitants of Catina, or Catana, in Sicily. and warlike people in the southeastCato, onis, m., a family name in the ern part of Armenia Maior.
careo, ere, ui, itus, to be without, be free from, be destitute of; refrain from, abstain from. Carinas, atis, m., C. Carinas, a leader of the Marian party. Carinus, i, m., the son of the emperor
Carus.
i,

Porcian gens. 1. {M.) Porcius Cato, consul 89

B.C.
2.

C. (Porcius)

Cato, consul 114

B.C.
3.

He was
n.,

associated

4.

M. Porcius Cato, consul 118 B.C. M. Porcius Cato Uticensis.

with his father in the government.

Catti,

Carnuntum,

Hesse, and Thuringia. town in Catulus, i, m., a family name at Danube. Carpi, orum, pi. m., a German people Rome. 1. C. Lutdtius Catulus, consul living between the Carpathian moun242 B.C. tains and the Danube. Carrae, arum, pi. f., a city in Meso2. Q. Lutdtius (Catulus), consul

an ancient Celtic Upper Pannonia, on the

orum, pi. m., one of the most important nations in Germany, in

potamia.

241 B.C.
3.

Carthalo, onis, m., a leader of the Carthaginians, slain by Q. Fabius Maximus. Carus, i, m. (M. A7irelius) ^drus,

Q.

Lutdtius

Catulus,

consul

202 B.C.
4.

Q. (Lutdtius)
icis, m.,

Catulus, consul

78 B.C.

Roman

Casca, ae, m.
Cassius,
gens.

emperor, 282-283 a.d. (P.) /Ser-vilius Casca,

Caudex,

Appius Claudius

(Caudex), consul 2G4 B.C.

consul 44 B.C. i, m., the

name

of a

Roman

Caudinus, a, um, adj., Caudine; Furculae Caudinae, the Caudine

Forks, a narrow pass in the Samnite mountains. Caudium, i, n., a town in Samnium. causa, ae, f., reason, motive; pretext; case, state; causa, with gen. postpositive, for the sake of, on account of; causam dare, to occasion, cause.

See Longinus, Viscellinus.

castellum,
n.,

[dim. from

castrum],

a stronghold, castle, fort. castrum, i, n., a fortified place,

town; pi., castra, orum, pi. n., a camp ; a campaign. casus, us [cado], m., that ichich befalls;
event,

chance,
pi.

misfortune,
m., a city in

death.

causidicus,

[causa + dic5], m., a

Catalauni, orum,
Bclgic Gaul.

pleader, advocate, special pleader.

catena, ae,

f.,

a chain, fetter.

cecidi, see cado. cecidi, see caedo.

VOCABULARY
Cedo, ere, cessi, cessus,
yield, retreat.
to

177

move,

every four years, to classify the

citizens.

ad accedo,
rus,
to

ere, cessi, cessuto,

Censorinus,

i,

m., L. Mdnlius CensO-

move towards, draw near

enter into'. ere, cessi, ces-

rlnus, consul 149 B.C.

he added; agree

con concede,

census, us [censeo, to value], m., the census, an enumeration and

classification of the people accord-

sus, to withdraw, retire, depart; submit; allow, grant, concede. de decedo, ere, cessi, cessus, to go away, withdraw, depart; to

ing to wealth.

centeni, ae, a [centum], num. adj., a hundred each.

distrib.

die (sc. vita)

centesimus,
ere, cessi, cessu;

a,

um [centum]

num.

in incedo,
rus,
to

adj.,

hundredth.

advance, approach

march

move

slowly.

inter
occur.

intercedo,
to

ere,

cessi,

centum, indecl. num. adj., a hundred. Centumalus, i, m., the name of a Roman family.
1.

cessus,

go betioeen; intervene;

On. Fulviu^ Centumalus, con-

sul 229 B.C.

prae praecedo, ere, cessi, 2. Cn. Fulvius (Centumalus) concessurus, to go be/ore. sul 211 B.C. pro procedo, ere, cessi, ces- centurio, onis [centum], m., a sus, to move forward, advance, make century, a division of the army or progress. the people, containing a hundred men. re recede, ere, cessi, cessus, cepi, see capio. to move back, withdraw, retire, re- cerno, ere, crevi, certus, to sepa,

treat.

rate

sub succedo,
sus,
to

see,

perceive

decide,

deter-

ere, cessi, ces:

mine.

come up, advance

succeed,

de decerno,
vote, intrust (by
fight.

ere, crevi, cre;

follov:.

tus, to decide, determine

decree,

celeber, bris, bre, ?i^\., famous. celebro, are, avi, atus [celeber],
to practice,

a decree)

contend,
n.,

repeat

celebrate.
swiff],
f.,

certamen,

inis [certo, to fight]

celeritas,

atis

[celer,

a struggle, battle, engagement.

siviftness, speed, alertness.

celero, are,
hasten.

certatim [certo,
,

to fight], adv.,

in

[celer, swift]

to

rivalry, zealously.

certe

[certus, certain], adv., cer-

Celtiberia, ae, f., a mountainous country in the central part of

Spain.

tainly, surely.

cessi, see cedo. cesso, are, avi, atus [freq.of cedo],

to be inactive, loiter,

cena, ae, f., dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about
three o'clock,

delay

come

to

an end,

cease.

(ceterus), a,
to dine,

um

[nom.

sing.

m.

ceno, are, avi, atus [cena],

eat.

lacking], adj., the rest, the others,

others.

censor, oris [censeo,

censor, a

to valve],

m.,

Roman

magistrate, elected

Chaeronensis, e, adj., belonging Chaeronea, a town in Boeotia.

to

HAZ. EUTROPIUS

12

178
Chalcedon, onis,
Bithynia.
f,,

VOCABULARY
a Greek city in
adj., belong-

circumfero, see fero. circumlatus, see circumfero.

circus,
i,

Chalcedonius,

a,

um,

m., a circle, inclosure for

see Notes, p. 108.

ing to (Jhalcedon. chlamys, ydis, f., a Grecian upper

athletic sports, esp. chariot races;

Circus Maximus,
citharoedicus, a,

garment of wool, military

state mantle.

cloak,

Christianus, a, um, adj., Christian; Christiana relig-io, Christianity. Cibalae, arum, pi. f., a town in Paunonia.

adj., of or pertaining to the citharoedl, those who play on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice. *cit6, are, avi, atus [intens. of cieo, to cause to jo?;e], to rouse.

um,

Cicero, onis, m., M. Tullius Cicero,

tlie

con concito,

are, avi, S.tus,

to

famous orator, consul 63

B.C.

to ai'ouse,

f., a division of Asia Minor, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Cimbri, orum, pi. m., a Germanic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius, 101 B.C. Cimbricus, a, um, adj., Cimhrian. Cincinnatus, i, m., a Roman family

Cilicia, ae,

ex excito,

urge, excite.

are, avi, atus,

rouse forth, excite, .stimulate.

cito, adv., quickly, speedily, soon.
civilis,

e [civis],
;

adj.,

a citizen

civil; polite,

pertaining to moderate.

civilissime, see civiliter. civilitas, atis [civilis], f., the art of governmoit, politics ; conrteousness,
politeness, affability.

name.
1.

civiliter [civilis], adv., sup. civilis-

L. Quintius Cincinnatus, conT.

sime

citizenlike,

as

becomes

sul 460 B.C.

2.

private citizen.
civis, is, m., a citizen.

quered

Quintius CincinnCdus, conthe Praenestini near the

civitas, atis,

f.,

citizenship;

state,

cominunity ; city. Cineas, ae, m., the friend and minis- Clare [clarus], adv., clearly ; loudly. claresco, ere, clarui, [incho. of ter of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. clareo, to be bright], to grow bright cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctus, to enbecome audible, sound clear ; become gird, gird on, circle, surround; illustrious, grou) famous. equip; obsidione cingere, to clarus, a, um, adj., bright ; famous, blockade, besiege. renoivned; of sound, clear, loud. Cinna, ae, m., L. Cornelius Cinna, classis, is, f., a class or division of consul 87, 86 B.C. citizens; the navy ; fleet. circa, adv. and prep, with ace, Claudius, i, m., the name of one of around, round about, throughout. the oldest and most famous of the Circesium, i, n., a city of MesopoRoman gentes. tamia on the Euphrates. 1. Claudius I., Tib. Claudius Drucircueo, see circumeo. sus Nero, Roman emperor, 41-54 a.d. circuitus, us [circumeo], m., a go2. Claudius II., M. Aurelius ing ro7(nd, circuit, loinding way. Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor, circumdtlco, see duc6.
river Allia.

circumeo,

see e6.

268-270 A.D.

VOCABULARY
See Caecus, Canina, Caudex, Crassus, Marcellus, Nero, Pul-

179

Africanus, Magnus, or as a nickname, Cicero. as Cognomina

served to distinguish different families of the same gens.

cher. Claudius, a, um, adj., Claudian. claudo, ere, clausi, clausus,

shut, close, inclose.

to

cognomentum,

[cognomen],

n.,

con

clusus,
sus,
to

conclude, ere, clusi, to shut up, confine. ex excludo, ere, clusi, clu;

a sur)ia7ne (rare).

cognosco, see nosco. CO go, see ago.

Colchi,

shut out, cut ofi', exclude. claustruna, i [claudo], n., a barrier,

orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of Colchis, in Asia.

i,

CoUatinus,

hindrance
of control.

frontier, fortress, point

gentle],

m. (L.) Tarquinius Col^ husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509 B.C.
Idtlnus, the

dementia, ae [clemens,

f.,

collinus, a,

um,
to

[collis, a hill], adj.,

hill, hilly
;

mercifulness, forbearance, kindness. Cleopatra, ae, f., the famous queen

of Egrypt.

pertaining

Porta

CoUina, the Colline Gate. collum, i, m., neck.

clibanarius, i, m., a soldier clad in colo, ere, ui, cultus, to till, cultivate; dwell in; practice, cherish; mail ; a cuirassier. clothe, adorn ; honor, esteem. clipeus, i, m., a round shield, as in incolo, ere, ui, distinguished from scutum, an obto dwell,

long shield. cloaca, ae, f., a server drain.

settle,

inhabit.
f.,'

colonia, ae, [coloj,

colomj, set-

Clodius,

i,

m., the

name

of a

Roman

tlement.

columna, ae, f., a column, pillar. sens. See Albinus. Cluentius, i, m., a leader of the coma, ae, f., Itair. comes, itis [con + eo], m. and f., a Marsi in the Marsic war. Clypea, ae, f ., a fortified town in the companion, comrade ; attendant, northern part of Africa, near Carfollower.
thage.

cometes, ae,
a comet.

Gr. ace.

cometn, m.,

Cn., abbreviation of the praenomen

es, f., a district in the northern part of Syria, Coche, es, f., a city on the Tigris, commemoro, are, avi, atus [con memor, mindful], to call to mind, near Ctesiphon. coepi, isse, coeptus, defective verb, mention, tell.

Gnaeus.

Commagene,

coactus, see cogo.

to begin.

commendatio, onis [commendo],

f.,

coerceo, see *arce6,

coercitor, oris [coerceo], m., one
loho restrains,

commending, recommendation.
see

commendo,

mando.

committo, see mitto. an oiforcer. cognitus, see cognosco. commode [commodus], adv., fitly, cognSmen, inis [con + (g)n6men], easily, properly, rightly. n., n., a surname, a name added to the commodum, i [commodus], individual and clan names of a perconvenience, advantage, utility. son, either as a title of honor, as Commodus, i, m., see AntSninus.

180
cominodus,
adj.,

VOCABULARY
a,

um

[con

+ modus]
fit,

confestim,
once.

adv.,

immediately,

at

in due measure, suitable, convenient.

commoror,
moror,

ari,

atus

sum

[con +

conflcio, see facio. configo, ere, fixi,

figo,
unite.
to fix],
to

fixus [con4together,

to delay], to tarry, linger,

fasten

abide, remain.

commoveo,
;

confirm, are, avi, atus [con + see moveo, firmo, to make firm], to confirm, communis, e [con + munus], adj., strengthen, encourage, affirm. common ordinary public res confligo, see *flig6. communis, the public interest. confluo, see fluo. compares, see pareo. confodio, ere, fodi, fossus [con + compare, see paro. fodio, to dig], to dig stab. compare, are, avi, atus [compar,
; ;
;

like], to

compare.
see pello.

confug-io, see fug-io.

compello, comperio,

see *pari6.

compesco,

ere, ui,

to confine,

hold in check, repress, curb, restrain. compleS, see *pleo.

confundo, see fundo. confusus, see confundo. congero, see gero. congredior, see *gradior. congrego, are, avi, atus [con +
grex, a herd], to collect, unite. congressus, see congredior.
coniciS, see *iaci6.

complexus, us [complector,
brace'],

to

em-

m., surroiaiding, embrace.

se pono. compuli, see compello. computatio, onis [computo,

compono,

to

coniungo, see iungo. coniunx, coniugis [coniungo], m.

and f., a husband, wife. coniuratio, onis [coniuroj,
conspiracy, plot. coniuro, see iuro.
f.,

sum

up],

f.,

a reckoning.

concede,

cedo. concido, see cado. concito, see *cit6.

see

concitor, oris [concitoj, m., he who arouses, a stirrer up.

conlatus, see confer. conlega, ae [conligo], m., a

see leg5.

col-

league. concludo, see claudo. Concordia, ae, f., a Roman colony conligo,

founded in Venetia. concubina, ae, f., a concubine, condicio, onis [condico, to agree], f,, a condition, state ; terms, stipulation.

conloco, see loco. conloquium, i [con + loquor, to speak], n., an intei^iew, conference. c5nor, ari, atus sum, to attempt,
try.

[con + discipu- conscendo, see *scando. lus, a .'itudent], in., afelloiv-student, consecro, see *sacr6. consecatus, see consequor. schoolmate. conditor, 6ris [condo], m., a consedi, see consido. consenesco, see senesco. founder, inventor, writer. c5nsensi, see consentio. condS, see d6. consensus, us [cSnsentio], m., concoufectus, see cSnflcio. sent, assent, united opinion ; ex c6nfer6, see ferS.
condiscipulus,
i

VOCABULARY
communi consensu,
consent.

181

by

common

consentio, see sentio. consenui, see consenesco. consequor, see sequor. consero, see *sero. consido, see sido. consilium, i [consulo], n., a plan,
advice;
ity
;

and their names were used in place of a date. consularis, e [consul], adj., of a
elected annually,

consul, of consular an ex-consul.

sulate, consulship.

rank ; as

subst.,

consulatus, us [consul], m., conconsulo, ere,

consider
;

ui, tus,

to

consult,

counsel,

wisdom; author-

counsel, give advice to

council.

consists, see *sist6.

consults
f.,

provide for ; ask advice of, [cSnsulS], adv.,

i
;

pur-

consobrina, ae [con + soror],

posely.

conspectus, us
sight, presence.

cousin-german, first cousin. [conspicio],

cSnsultum,
m.,
tion, decree

[consuls],

n., resolu-

senatus cSnsultum,

decree of the senate.

conspicio, see *speci6.

cSnsultus,
of

a,

um

[cSnsulS],
iuris

adj.,

Constans, antis, m., the youngest

Great.

experienced,

the three sons of Constantine the

learned; sultus, a lawyer.

cSn-

Constantia, ae,

f.,

cSnsumS, see stimS. daughter of Con- contaminS, are, avi, atus [contamen,
is, f.,

stantius Chlorus.

touchl, to bring into contact,

;

Constantinopolis,

Constantithe

mingle

corrupt,

defile, pollute.

nople, a city built on the site of

Byzantium
Great.

by

Constantine

contemns, ere, tempsi, temptus [con + temnS, to scorn] to despise,

,

scorn.

Constantinus,
1.

i, m., Constantinus, surnamed "the Roman emperor 30G-337 Great."

contends,

see tendS. contentiS, Snis [contends],

tion, struggle
;

f ., exer-

contest, contention.

A.D.

contentus,
contig-i, see

a,

um

[contineS], adj.,

contingS. contineS, see teneS. Constantine the Great. Roman em- contingS, see *tang'S. continuus, a, um [contineS], adj., peror 305-30() A.D. successive, uni7iterrupted. 2. Constantius, third son of Constantine the Great. Roman emperor cSntio, Snis [contr. from conventiS, assembling], f., assembly; an ad337-301 A.D. dress (to the assembly) constiti, see consists, contra, prep, with ace, against, oppoconstituo, see *statuo. site to, contrary to; adv., on the consuetude, inis [consuesco, to other hand; contra atque, conbecome accustomed], f., habit, ctistom, manner. consul, ulis,m., a conswZ. The usual name of the two highest officials of They were the Roman republic.
trary to what.

Constantinus, son of (1). Constantius, i, m., 1. Constantius Chlorus, father of

2.

content, satisfied.

contractus, a, um, see contrahS. contradicS, see dicS. contrahS, see trahS,

182
contrSversia, ae [contra
f.,

VOCABULARY
+ verto],
Corsica, ae,
dispute, controversy.
f., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy. Corvinus, i, m., M. Valerius Corvi)ius, twice dictator, six times consul.

contuli, see confero. convenio, see venio. conventus, us [convenio], m., a corvus, i, ni., a raven. Corycus, i, m., a city in Cilicia. meeting, assembly. Cosconius, i, m., C. Cosconius, a conversus, see convert. converts, see *vert6. praetor during the Social War, 80 b.c. convicium, i [con + voco], n., a Cotta, ae, m., 1. M. Aurelius Cotta,
loud noise, clamor, cry; insult. consul 78 (74) B.C.
2.
-f-

convinco,
/east.

see vinco.
i

(L.)

Aurunculeius (Cotta), one

m., a king of several Ligu-

convivium,

[con

vivo],

n.,

of Caesar's lieutenants in Gaul.

Cottius,

i,

copia, ae [co(n) + ops], f., abundance, supply ; pi., troops, supplies means, force, icealth.

rian tribes in the Cottian Alps.

copiosus, a, una [copia], abounding in, well supplied,

Corinthii,

adj.,

rich.

orum,

pi.

m., the inhabit-

ants of Corinth.

Corinthus, i, f ., a city in the Peloponnesus on the isthmus of Corinth, captured and destroyed by the Romans, 146 B.C. Coriolanus, i, m., the surname of Q.
Marcius, the conqueror of Corioli,
403 B.C. Corioli, orum,
pi.

Cottius, a, una, adj., Cottian ; Alpes Cottiae, the Cottian Alps, between France and Italy, from Mt. Viso to Mt. Cenis. Cotys, yis, m., a Thracian king. Crassus, i, m., a Roman family name. 1. Appius Claudius Crassus, decemvir.
2.

vir,
3.

M. Licinius Crassus, the triumconsul 70 B.C. P. Licinius Crassus, consul

171 B.C.

m., a

town

of the

Volsei in Latium. Cornelius, i, m., the name of a large and important gens at Rome. See Asina, Cinna, Dolabella, Faus-

Licinius Crassus, called 4. P. Dives Mncianus, consul 131 B.C. creber, bra, brum, adj., croioded, numerotis, frequent. credo, ere, credidi, creditus, to
believe, trust, think; intrust,

com-

tus,

Fuscus, Galbus, Lentulus,

mend

to.

creo, are, avi, atus, to create, make, Rufinus, Scipio, Sulla. beget; elect, declare elected. cornu, us, n., a horn ; trumpet ; wing cresco, ere, crevi, cretus, to gron-, (of an army). increase; become influenfial, prosper. corpus, oris, n., a body. corrector, oris [corrigo], m., a cor- Creta, ae, f., an island in the Medirector,

improver;

land

bailiff,

terranean

Sea, south

of

Greece;

governor.

modern Candia.
Creticus,
Crete
;

correctus, see corrigrS. correxi, see corrigS. corrigS, see reg-S.

corripio, see rapio.

a,

um,

adj.,

pertaining to
loar

Creticum

bertum,
n.,

against Crete. crimen, inis [cernS],

accusation,

corrumpo,

see

rumpo.

slander ; fault, crime, offense.

VOCABULARY
built

183
in

crinitus, a,

um
in.,

[crinis, hair], adj.,

by Pompey

the

Campus
was

covered ivith hair.

Martins.

In the latter Caesar

Crinitus,

i,

see

Traianus.

Crixus,

i,

m., one of the gladiators

murdered. Curio, onis, m., C. Scribonius, consul

76 B.C.

who
f.,

revolted with Spartacus.

cradelitas, atis
cruelty.

[cradelis, cruel],

Curius,
gens.

i.,

m., the

name

of a

Roman

See Dentatus.

crtideliter
cruelli/.

[crudelis, cniel], adv.,

curro, currere, cucurri, cursus,

to

run.

cruditas, atis [criidus, loiripe], f., overloading of t/ie stomach ; incligestion.

ob occurro, currere,
curri, cursus, to ru7i tonvet
;

(cu)-

meet

with, encounter; ivithstand; occur.

a,

cruentus,

um

[cruor],

adj.,

blood-stained, bloody.

currus, as [curro], m., a chariot. Cursor, oris, m., L. Papirius Cursor,

a celebrated general, six times consul, dictator twice,

cruor, oris, m., running blood, gore.

Crustumini, orum,

pi.

m., the in-

habitants of Cruatiimerium, a town in the territory of the Sabiues, north

of

cursus, us [curro], m., running,

speed; cours?, voyage.

Rome.

custodia, ae [custos, a guard],

f.,

crystallinus, a,

um
f.,

[crystallum,
a city in As-

care, guard, custody.

crystal], adj., of crystal.

Cyrene,

es,

f.,

a Greek city on the

Ctesiphon, ontis,
syria,

coast of Africa, west of Egypt,

on the Tigris. i [cubo, to lie down], n., bedchamber. culpo, are, avi, atus [culpa, /aw/fj,

Cyzicus,!,
Minor.

f.,

a city of Mysia, in Asia

cubiculum,

Cyzicenus,
to

a,

um,

adj.,

pertaining

Cyzicus.

to jind fault icith, blatne.

cultus, us [colo], m., cultivation,

icorship
;

cidture, training

of

life

dress, splendor.

cum,
cum,

prep, with abl., with,

conj.,
;

mode D., abbreviation Decimus. together D. = 500.

;

of

the praenomen

with.
of

Daci, orum,
time, when, while,
of cause, since; of con;

pi.

m., the Dacians, in-

habitants of Dacia.

ivhenever
both

cession, although
.

cum
. .

turn,

Dacia, ae, Danube.

f.,

a country north of the

pi.

and, not only

a,

but also.

Dalmatae, arum,
Dalmatia, ae,
Sea.

m., the

Dalma-

cunctus,

um

[coniunctus, con

tians, the inhabitants of Dalmatia.

f., a country bordering on the eastern shore of the Adriatic

-f-iung-o], adj., all together, all.

cupiditas, atis [cupidus, desiroits], i., desire, longing; greediness, avarice.

Dalmatius, i, m., Dalmatius Caesar, cura, ae,'f., care, anxiety. a nephew of Constantine the Great. Curia, ae, f., the Roman senate house, damno, are, avi, atus [damnum,
either the Curia Hostilia, adjoining

injury] to condemn, sentence

,

bind,

the Forum, or the Curia Forapeia,

compel

censure,

184

VOCABULARY
cate],
t.,

Danuvlus, i, m., the Danube. Daphnenses, ium, pi. m,, the

dedication,

consecra-

in-

tion.

habitants of Daphne, a place near Antioch. Dardani, orum, pi. m., a people of
f., a district of the Troad, lying along the Hellespont. datus, see do, de, prep, with abl., of place, from, doion from, out of; of time, after, during ; of cause, in consequence of, through ; of relation, concerning, in

Upper Moesla. Dardania, ae,

dedidi, see dedo. deditio, onis [dedo], deditus, see dedo. dedo, see do.

f.,

a surrender.

deduco,

see

duco.
to

defeci, see deflcio. defends, ere, fendi, fensus,

off',

ward

defend, protect. defensor, oris [defendo], m., a derepel

;

fender.

defers, see fero.

deflciS, see faciS.

respect

to.

defSrmS, are, avi, atus [de + debe5, see habeo. fSrma], to bring out of shape, dedecedo, see cedo. decern, indecl. num. adj., ten. form, disfigure, spoil, mar. decemvir, i [decern + vir], m., one defung-or, fungi, functus sum [de + fungor, to perform], to perform, of a commission of ten men, decemvir.
finish.
i,

Decentius,

m.,

Magnus

Decentius,

brother of Magnentius, by

whom

he

deiciS, see *iaciS. dein, see deinde.

was created Caesar, 351 deceptus, see decipio. decerns, see cerno. decessi, see decedo.

a.d.

decet, ere, uit, (impers.), to be statable, becoming. Decibalus, I, m., a celebrated king
of the Dacians.

[deinde + capiS], adv., one after the other, successively next, moreover. deinde or dein [de + inde], adv.,

deinceps

aftenoards, next, then, thereafter.

Deiotarus, i, m., tetrarch of Galatia. delects, are, avi, atus [freq. of

deliciS]
,

to delight, please.

decies
times.

[decern],
a,

num.

adv.,

ten

deleS, ere, evi, etus,

overthrow, ruin. deliciae, arum, pi.
ure, luxury.

to

destroy,

decimus,

um

[decern],

num.

f ., delights;

pleas-

adj., tenth.

decipio, see capio.

Decius,
gens.

i,

m., the

name

of a

demergS, see mergS. Roman Demetrius, i, m., son

king of Macedonia.

of Philip V.,

(Metius) Decius,
249-251 A.D.

See

Roman emperor deminuS, see minuS. demum, adv., at last, Mus.

atus
[decus,

finally

turn
then.

decoro, are, avi,

honor]
,

demum,
denique,
in fine.

then at

last,

not

till
;

to decorate,

distinguish.

adv., at last, finally

briefly,

decrevi, see decerno. dedecus, oris [de + decus, honor]

n.,

disgrace, dishonor.

dedicatio, onis

[dedico,

to

dedi

m., M. Curius Dentdtus, and 275 B.C. denuntiS, see nuntiO.

i,

Dentatus,
consul

21)0

VOCABULARY
depono, see p6n5. depopulor, see populo. depravo, are, avi, atus
pravus],
to distort
;

185
.,

[de

+
f.,

pervert, seduce,

f dominion, sovereignty, sway, rule. dico, ere, dixi, dictus, to say, speak, tell; assent, promise ; appoint, call.
,

(dicio) onis,

corrupt, deprave.

contra
[deprecor],
;

contradico, ere, dixi,

deprecatio, onis
tion, intercession.

loarding off by prcujer

supplica-

deprecor,
cor,

ari,

atus

sum

[de

+ pre-

plead against, plead, avert by prayer ; decline.

to ask], to

dictus, to contradict, oppose. in indie o, ere, dixi, dictus, to proclaim, declare ; appoint. dictator, oris [dicto, to say often], ra., a dictator, a magistrate witli supreme power, chosen at times of

deprehendo,

see

*prehend6.

describe, see scribo. desero, see *ser5. desino, see sino. desperatio, onis [despero],
spair, desperation.

supreme peril, dictatura, ae [dictator],

office

f.,

the

of dictator, dictatorship. dictum, i, [dico], n., a saying, ref.,

de-

despero, spero,
despair.

are,
to

avi,

atus

[de

mark, icord ; command. diduco, see duco, dies, ei, m., and sometimes
day, time. differs, see fero.
sing,
f.,

in the

hope], to give up hope,

destituo, see *statu6.

diflaciliter [dis

+ facilis, easy]
;

adv.,

detego, ere, texi, tectus [de-f tego, to cover], to uncover, disclose,

betray.

comp. diflacilius
diffido, ere, fisus
to trust]
,

ivith difficulty.

sum

[dis

+ fido,

to distrust,

doubt.

deterged, ere, tersi, tersus [de + diffugio, see fugio. tergeo, to rub], to wipe off, remove, diffundO, see fundo.
dignitas, atis [dignus], f., value, cleanse, empty. merit ; rank, dignity. deterred, ere, ui, itus [d + terreo, dignor, ari, atus sum [dignus], to to terrify], to frighten away, deter. detestatio, onis [detestor], f., the deem worthy, deign, condescend. invocation of a curse ; depreca- dignus, a, um, adj., worth, worthy,
tion.

deserving.
ari,
to

detest11)r,

atus
to
;

sum

[de
to
off,

tester,
curse,

cause

witness],

diligens, tis [diligo], adj., careful, diligent, attentive ; sparing ; fond

of.

execrate

avert,

ward

deprecate.

diligentia,

ae

[diligens],

f.,

dili-

detraho, see traho. deus, i, m.., a god, divinity. devinco, see vinco. dexter, era, erum and tra, trum, adj., right ; on the right hand.

gence, activity, earnestness.

diligo, see lego. dimicatio, onis [dimico],

bat, struggle.

f.,

a com-

diadema,
diadem.

atis, n., a royal head-dress,

dimico, are, avi, atus, dimidius, a, um [dis

adj., half; ^^ subst.,

to fight.

+ medius]
i,

dimidium,

Diadumenus,

i,

m., son of the em-

peror Macrinus.

a half. dimitto, see

n.,

iftitto.

186

VOCABULARY
epithet given to the
after death.

Diocletianus, i, m., (Valerius) Diocletidnus, emperor 284-305 a.d.

Roman emperors

Diogenes,

is,

m., son of Archelaus,

slain in the siege of Athens.

diripio, see rapio,

diruo, ere, ui, utus [dis + ruo, fall], to tear asunder, destroy.
dis, ditis, adj., sup.

to

do, dare, dedi, datus, to give, put, place ; furnish, yield ; dare negotium, to commission, direct ; dare in fugam, to put to flight; dare

manus,
to to

to

yield;
;

ditissimus

rich.

attend

to, assist
;

disciplina, ae [disco,
learning,
instruction,

to learn], i.,

pay

the penalty

dare operam, dare poenas, dare verba, (o

dit'us, to

discipline

deceive.

system. dispertio, ire, ivi,

ad
it us [dis

addo.
to.

dere, didi,

+ par-

add, join
to

tio, to share], to distribute, divide.

con cendo, dere,

put
together,

didi, ditus,
build,

displiceo, see placed.

compose,

dispone,

see

p5no.

found;

conceal. didi, ditus, to

dissimulatio, onis [dissimulo, to make unlike], f., a disguisiny, dissembling, concealment. dissolutus, a, um [part, of dissolve,
to

de dedo, dere,

give up, surrender; devote. ex edo, dere, didi, ditus, to

put forth, show, elevate; bear, produce.

take apart],

^,d].,

lax, remiss, neg-

ligent, careless.

distraho, see traho. distribuo, see tribuo.

dito, are, avi,
rich, enrich.

in indo, dere, didi, ditus, to put into; confer, apply. per perdo, dere, didi, ditus,
[dis], to

atus

make

to lose,

destroy, ruin

vxtste.

diu, adv., comp. diutius, sup. diulong, for a long time ; diu, as long as. diuturnitas, atis [diuturnus], f.,
;

tissime

pro prodo, dere, didi, ditus, to give or j)ut forth, make known hand down ; betray, surrender.
re

quam

redo,

dere, didi, ditus.

;

to

give back, I'eturn

render.

diuturnus,
longed.

long continuance, length of time. [diu], adj., proa,

trans
to

trado, dere, didi, ditus,

ui, tus, to teach, point

um

give over, give up, deliver, surren-

der; intrust; transmit; traditur,

a,

diversus,
to
,'

um

[part, of

diverts,

it is

said.

turn aside], adj., scatter, separate dijlerent ; contrary, opposed to. divide, ere, visi, visus, to divide,
separate.

deceo, ere,
out.

docilitas, atis [docilis, teachable],

{.,

teachabloiess, docility.
i

divinus,
sacred.

a,

um

[divus], adj., divine,

documentum,
ae,

[doceo],
m.,

w.,

les-

son, example; evidence, proof.

divisor, oris [divide], m., one

distributes,

who Dolabella,
doleo, ere,
grieve.

Cn.

Cornelius

an executor.
[dives, rich],
pi. f.,

Dohlhella, consul inO B.C.

lui, liturus, to feel

divitiae,

arum
um,

pain

uj'ialth, riches.

divus,

a,

adj., divine, deified;

I,

dolor, oris [doleo], m.,pain, sorrow,

distress, vexation,

^s subst.,

Divus,

ni.,

a god.

An

VOCABULARY
dolus,
i,

187

m., fraud,
a,

f/uile,

stratagem.
adj.,

domesticus,
private,

um
;

[domus],

(hmiestic

domesticum

bellum, chnl loar. dominus, i [domoj, m., a master,

lord.

to lead, loithdraw ; induce; launch, disembark. dls diduco, ere, duxi, ductus, to draio apart, separate, relax.

ex educo,
to lead out.

ere, daxi, ductus,

Domitianus,
tidnus,

i,

m., T. Flavins

Doml-

in

induco, ere, duxi, ductus,

;

Romau emperor 81-iK) a.d. Domitius, i, m., a Roman family

name.
Cn. Domitius, consul 32 b.c. 2. L. Domitius, a Roman general in the war with Sertorius.
1.

to lead in

induce

put on,

cover.

pro produce, ere, duxi, ductus,

to

re

reduce, ere, duxi, ductus,

i,

lead forward, or out; prolong.

to lead back ; draw back ; remove. ductus, us [duco], m., leadership.

See Calvinus.

Dullius,
B.C.,

m., C. Duilius, consul 260

of the

domo, are, ui, itus, to tame, conquer. per perdomo, are, ui, itus,
subdue, vanquish. us, f., a house, home ; household; domi, loc, at home. dono, are, avi, atus, to give, preto

commander

Roman

fleet

in the battle of

Mylae, 260 b.c.

adj., two.

dum,

conj., lohile, until.

domus,

duo, ae,

o,

num.

duodecim [duo + decern],

num.
adj., twelve.

iudecl.

donum,

a, um [duo + decimus], num. adj., twelfth. Drusus, i, m., Nero Claudius Drusus, duplex, icis [duo + plico, to fold] son of Ti. Claudius Nero, and stepadj., twofold, double. duplies, are, avi, atus [duplex], son of Augustus. dubie [dubius], adv., doubtfully, unto double, repeat. durus, a, um, adj., hard, harsh, difficertainly.
sent, confer.
i,

duodecimus,

n.,

r/ift.

dubletas, atis [dubius],

hesitation (late).

f.,

doubt,

cult.

dubius,
certain.

a,

um,
a

adj., doubtful,

dux, ducis [duco], guide, commander. unB.

e, see

m.,

a leader,

ducenti,
adj., tico

ae,

[duo

+ centum],
ex.
i,

hundred. duco, ere, duxi, ductus,

to

lead;

Eboracum,

n.,

a city in Britain,

think, consider; protract, put off;

uxorem ducere,
ducere,
to lead
to lie
2.

to

marry

modern York. vitam Edessa, ae,,f., a

i

city in the western

part of Mesopotamia,

ab abduco, ere, duxi, ductus, edictum,

away,
loithdraiv.
n.,

[edico, to

make

known'],

ad adduco, ere, duxi, ductus,

to lead to,

bring

circum
duxi,

circumduco,
t>

induce, influence.

ere,

a proclamation, edict. editio, onis [edo], f., a statement, account. edo, see do.

ductus,

lead

around,

eddco,

draw around, surround.

de dediico, ere, diixi, ductus,

see diico. effero, see fero. eflacio, see facio.

188
effringo, see frango. effugio, see fugio.

VOCABULARY
per pere6,ire,ivi
to perish,
pi.
(ii),

iturus,

distppear, die.

ego, mei, pers. pron., /,egredior, see *gradior.

nos, we.
excel-

egregie
egregius,

[egregius],
a,

adv.,

lenthj, exceedingly, strikingly.

um

[e

+ grex,

herd],

adj., select, distinguished y

eminent.

eicio, see *iaci6.

rede5, ire, ivi (ii), iturus, re go back, return. trans transeo, ire, ivi (ii), iturus, to go across, cross ; pass through or by ; desert. eo [is], adv., /or that reason, therefore; to that place, thither; to that
to

elegans, antis [elego, for eligo],

adj., select, elegant, polite.

degree,

,<io

Ephesus,

i, f.,

far. a Greek city near the

elementum,

i,

n.,

first principle,

coast of Asia Minor.

simple substance; rudiments. elephantus, i, m., elephant. eligo, see lego.

Epirus, i, f., a country on the Ionian Sea, northwest of Greece proper.

epistola, ae,
f.,

letter.

emineo, ere,

ul,

to

stand out, he
to

emo,

conspicuous. ere, emi,

epulae, arum, pi. f ., a banquet, feast. eques,itis [equus], m., a horseman,

knight;
pi.

emptus,

take;

cavalry;

magister

buy, purchase
to

ad adimo,

gain, acquire. ere, emi, emptus,

equitum, master of

the horse, aidride], m.,

take away, destroy, deprive of. emi, interimo, ere, inter

de-camp of the dictator. equitatus, us [equito, to

cavali-y.

emptus,
kill.

to

take

from

the midst of,

equus,
adj.,

i,

m., a horse.
a,

per
tus,

perimo,
take

erectus,
ere, emi,

um [orig. part, of erigo],

emp-

upright, erect.

to

away

entirely; anni-

hilate, destroy.

ergo, adv., expressing an inference, now, then, therefore.

erro,
are,
avi,
;

re

redimo,

ere,

emi, emp- eripiS, see rapio.

atus,
to

tus, to buy back, redeem, ransom. emptor, oris [emo], m., a buyer,

wander,

stray, rove

be in error, err.
,

purchaser.

enim,

erudio, ire, ivi (ii) itus [e + rudis, rough], to polish, educate, train. always postpositive, namely, in fact, you know, for, be- eruditio, onis [erudio], f., a polishconj.,

cause.

ing, training.
(ii),

eo, ire, ivi

iturus,

to

go

or

erumpo,

see

rumpo.
i,

come, march.

Esquilinus,
ire, ivi (ii), iturus,
hills of

m.

(sc.

coUis), the

ab abeo,
to

Esquiline, the largest of the seven

go away, depart.

Rome.

circum
(ii),

circumeo,
ire,

ire,

ivi

et, conj., and, also, even,

and yet;
and
in-

itus, to go around, surround.

et

et, both

and.

inter iturus,
go
to

intereo,
to
;

ivi

(ii),

etenim,

conj., /or, /or truly,

perish, die.
ire, ivi
to,
(ii),

deed, because, since.

Ob obeo,
meet
perish.

itus, to
;

etiam

[et

+ iam]
is, ra.,

conj., also, even.

attend

perform

die,

Eumenes,

king of Pergamus,

197-15U B.C.

VOCABULAKY
Eumenia,
p. 83,
1.

189
e
[exitium], adj., den.,

ae,
22,

f.,

a city in Phrygia.
dat.

exitiabilis,

Euphrates,

is,

Euphratae,

structive, deadly.

m,, the Euphrates, a

m., see Life.

exitium,
rui 71.

[exeo],

destruction,

river in Syria.

Eutropius,

i,

exitus,

us

[exeo], m., a going out,

;

Europa, ae, f., Europe. evado, see *vad6. eveho, see veho.
evenio, see venio. eventus, us [evenio], m., outcome,
result; occurrence, event.

loay of egress

result.

exordium,
ginning.

[ex

+ ordo],

n.,

be-

exosus,

a,

um

[part, of

exodi],

adj.,

hating, detesting.

expavesco,
alarmed],
(rare)

ere, pavi,
to

everto, see *vert6.

vesco, incho. of paveo,

evoco,

see

voc5.
;

[ex + pabecome dread, fear greatly

to

ex

or e (last never before vowels),

of place, out of, of cause, in consequence of,

prep, with abl.

from ;

[ex + anima], to put out of breath, kill; weaken. exardesco, ere, arsi, arsus [ex + ardesco, to takejire], to take fire

exanimo, are,

because of; according to. avi, atus

be angry.

exauctSro, are, avi, atus,

the military oath.

to

dis-

charge from service, release from

expeditio, onis [expedio, to set fire], f., an expedition, campaign. expello, see pello. experior, iri, pertus sum, to test, try ; aioait, undergo ; find, learn. expers, tis [ex + pars] adj., having no part in ; destitute of, devoid of, free from, without. exple5, see *ple6. explorator, oris [explore, to search out], m., a scout. exporto, see *port6.
,

excidium,

i,

n.,

downfall, ruin.

expugno,
accursed.

see

pugno.
e

excido, see caedo. excipio, see capio.

excito, see *cit6.

exsecrabilis,

[exsecror],

adj.,

exsecratio, onis [exsecror],

a specimen, ex-

f.,

an

exclddo,
ample.

see

claudo.
i,

execration, malediction, curse.

exemplum,
exerceo,

n.,

see *arce5.

exsecror, see *sacr6. exsequiae, arum [exsequor, tofolf., loio ow<], funeral vrocession,
funeral.

exercitus, army.

us [exerceo],

m.,

an

exsilium,

[exsul, a banished per-

exhaurio, see haurio. exhibeo, see habeo. exigo, see ago.

exig-uus, a,
scanty.

son], n., banishment, exile.

exsisto, see *sist6.

exspectatio, onis [exspectS],

expectation, anticipation.

f.,

um

[exig-o], adj., small,

existimS, are, ,vi, atus [ex + aestimo, to reckon], to compute,

value, judge, think, estimate, believe,

exspecto, see specto. exstinguo, ere stinxi,

[ex

stinctus
to

+ stinguo,
kill,

to

extinguish],

quench,

blot out, destroy, ex-

suppose, imagine.

tinguish, put

an end

to.

190
exsulo, are, avi,

VOCABULARY
atus
[exsul, a
i I

de deflcio, ere, feci, fectus,

fail, desert, be

hanished person], to be in exile. [exter, outer], adj., externus, a,

wanting

revolt.

um

external, foreign, strange.

form,

extorqued, ere, [ex + torqueo, to

out, extort.

torsi,
tivist],

tortus
to twist

extra [exter,

outer], adv.,

on the out-

side, icithout; prep,

with ace, out-

ere,. feci, fectus, to accomplish ; render ; build; produce. inter interflcio, ere, feci, fectus, to slay, kill. prae praeflcio, ere, feci, fectus, to place in command of, apeffect
;

ex efficio,

side of, bei/ond.

point.

extraho, see traho. factio, onis [facioj, f., a party, extrinsecus, adv., without, on the political party, faction. outside ; praeterea, in addition. factum, i [facio], n., deed, act. facundia, ae [facundus], f., eloquence, oratory.

facundus,
Fabius,
gens.
i,

a,

um,

adj., eloquent.

m., the

name

of a

Roman

Falisci,

5rum,

pl.m., the inhabitants

of Falerium, a town in Etruria, near

Fabiafaniilia, the Fabian gens. C. Fabius, consul 477 b.c.

Q. Fabius, the first
ist.

Mount

Soracte.
a,d\'.,

falso [falsus,//6'e],

falsely.
f.,

Roman

annal-

fama, ae [for, to speak], rumor ; renown, honor.

report,

C.

Fabius Pictor, consul

2()9 b.c.

Famea,

See Licinius, Maximus, Vibulanus. Fabricius, i, m., {C.) Fabricius {Lusclnus), a

ae, m., the surname of Hamilco, commander of the Carthaginian cavalry in the third Punic
is, f.,

war.

Roman statesman and fames,

slaves

hunger, starvation.
.'^lave], f.,
;

general, prominent in the

war with familia, ae [famulus,

in.

the

Pyrrhus
facilius

consul 283 and 278 b.c.

easy],
;

household

family,

facile [facilis,
;

adv.,

comp.
f.,

easili/

readily.
ease,

household; race, estate, retinue; mater familias (old gen.), mistress,

facilitas, atis [facilis, easy],

matron.

kindliness, kindness, courtesy.

familiaris, e [familia], adj., belongpass,

facio, ere, feci, factus, to do, make,

act,

form

choose, appoint

fio, fieri,

factus sum,
to

to be
;

done,
certi-

occur,

take place, happen

ing to a family, private, intimate, friendly; as subst., an intimate friend; res t&mill&res, property. familiaritas, atis [familiaris], f.,

orem
to

facere,

ad adflcio,
do something
visit with.

inform. ere, feci, fectus,

intiuence
;

to,

treat,

intimacy friendship. f., a slave looman. fastigium, i, n., top, height;

,

famula, ae,

slope,

descent; 7'ank, dignity.

con cOnflcio,
tus,
to

ere, feci, fec-

do thoroughly, complete; wear out, exhaust ; prepare, collect, furnish.

fataliter [fataiis, fatal], adv., fatally, according to fate.

fatigratio,

6nis [fatigo],

f.,

loeari-

ness, fatigue.

; ,

VOCABULARY
fatig-o, are, avi, atus, to tire, vex
test.

191

fatum,

[for, to speak], n.,

an

utter-

ance, prophetic declaration, oracle

fate, destiny.

rush; enter; signa ferre, to advance; fertViV, is said; ferre sententiam, to judge. ab aufero, ferre, abstuli, ab-

latus,

to

take

or

carry

aivay,

Fausta, ae,

f.,

Flavia Mdximidna,

remove.

the daughter of

Maximiauus and

wife of Constantine the Great. Faustina, ae, f., Galeria Faustina

(called Juulor

ad adfero, ferre, attuli, adlatus, to bring, present, produce, affirm ; carry word.
circum
tuli,

to

distinguish

her

circumfero,
to

ferre,

from her mother), the daughter of Amira Galeria Faustina. She was the wife of M. Aurelius. Faustus, i, m., L. Cornelius Faust us,
sou of the dictator Sulla, faveo, ere, favi, fauturus,
to

latus,

cast

around,

go

around.

con confers,
tus,
to

ferre, tuli, la;

bring together, collect

;

con-

vey
be
'

impute

compare

se con-

ferre, betake o)ie's

self, go.

favorable, favor, support, cherish. favor, oris [faveo], m,, favor, good
vnll, praise.

de defers,
'

ferre, tuli, latus,

form;

favorabilis, e [favor], adj., /avorec?, in favor; ivinning favor, pleasing. Felicissimus, i, m,, the name of the
director of the mint under the

em-

peror Aurelian.
felicitas, atis [felix],
f.,

good for\

tune, success.

bring doivn, bring; report, inassign, confer upon ; offer; accuse ; rem deferre ad populum, to submit a matter to the people. dis differs, ferre, distuli, dilatus, to carry asunder, scatter; postpone ; delay ; differ. ex efferS, ferre, extuli, elatus, to carry out or aioay ; spread
to

feliciter [felix], adv., comp, felicius,

abroad;
in

raise, elate; bury.

felicissime; luckily, happily. felix, ids, adj., happy, successful,

sup.

infers,
;

ferre, intuli, inla;

tus, to bring in or upon

throio
\

introduce
;

fortunate. femina, ae,

fera,

inflict

make, produce

in-

f.,

woman, female.
\

ae [ferus], f,, a loild beast. ferculum, i [fero], n., a means of

carrying, a frame, barroic, litter. fere, adv., almost, nearly, for the most part, usually ; about ; with
neg., hardly, scarcely.

inferre, to wage (offensive) icar; signa inferre, to advance against ; se inferre, to

spire;

bellum

betake one's self. ob offers, ferre, obtuli, obla-

tus,

to

bring before, offer ; promise

expose.

feriatus, a,
adj.,

[feriae, days of rest] keeping holidays, idle ; festive.

[for

um

per perferS,
tus,

ferre, tuli, laconvey,

tuli, la-

ferme

ferime, sup. of fere], adv., almost, about (especially of numbers).

ferre,
tuli,

carry report; endure.

to

through;

prae praeferS, ferre,

tus, to carry before
prefer.
;

put

before,

fero,
lift;

latus,

to

bear,

endure; bring,

receive, report;

re

refers,

ferre, rettuli, la-

drive, blow (of the

wind)

pass., to

tus, to bring back; report, relate;

; ;

192

VOCABULARY
crime], adj., shameful, disgraceful,

pedem referre, retreat ; gratiam referre, make return, requite. transfer ferre, tuli, trans

infamous.

Flamininus,
Flaminius,

latus,

to

bear or take over or across

i, m., T. Qulntius Fldmininus, consul 123 B.C.

transport, trunifer.

i,

m.,

(C.)

Flaminius

ferocia, ae [ferox, fierce], f., fierceness, courage, cruelty. [ferrum], adj.,/w/-ferratus, a, nished lolth iron, ironed; milites

{Nepos), consul 223 and 217 B.C. fle5, ere, flevi, fletus, to weep.
fletus,
*fligo,

um

us
ere,

[fleo],

m., weeping, enflictus, to strike

treaties; tears.
flixi,

ferrati, cuirassiers.

ferrum,
cruel.

iron; sword, spear. ferus, a, um, adj., wild, barbarous,

i,

n.,

(ante-classical).

ad adfligo,
to

ere, flixi, flictus,

flic-

festino, are, avi, atus, to hasten. festus, a, um, adj., festive; dies
festus,/ea.si day. fetor, oris, m., an offensive smell. fictus, a, [flngo, to form], adj.,

dash against, scatter, ruin. con confligo, ere, flixi,

tus,
fight.

to

strike

together;

contend,

pro profligo, are,

to rout,

avi, atus,
to

um

overthrow.

false, fictitious.

floreo, ere, ui,

[flos,

a flower],

bloom, flourish, prosper. Fidenae, arum, pi. f., an ancient town in tlie country of the Sabines, Florianus, i, m., {M. Annius) Floridnus, the brother of the emperor five miles north of Rome. Tacitus, upon whose death he was Fidenates, um, pi. ra., the inhabitproclaimed emperor at Rome, 276 ants of Fidenae. A.D. fides, ei, f., good faith, loyalty

promise
fidus, a, filia, ae,
filius,
i,

alliance

trust.

lira, adi-, trusty,

f.,

faithfid.

daiLghtcr.

Florus, i, m., C. Aqullius Florus, consul with L. Scipio, 239 B.C. fiupien, inis [fluo], n., a stream,
river.

m., son.
end, finish.

finio, ire, ivi, itus (finis), to bound,

limit
;

fluo, ere, fluxi, fluxus, to flow.

finis, is, m.,

con confluo, ere, fluxi,, run together, crowd, throng. fluvius, i [fluo], m., a river. purpose; pi., territory, country. finitimus, a, um [finis], adj., bor- foedo. are, avi, atus [foedus],
a
limit,

to

boundary

end,

to

dering,
finitimi,
fio, fieri,

neighboring;

as

subst.,

orum,

pi.

m., neighbors.

make foul, pollute ; foedus, a, um, adj.,

foedus, eris,
n.,

dishonor.

factus sum, see faci5.

foul, unseemly. a treaty, alliance,

firmus, a, um, adj., strong, powerleague. forem, es, et, etc., see sum, ful; trusty. flscus, i, m., a purse; treasury. forma, ae, {., form, figure, beauty. Flaccus, i, m., 1. (M.) Fulvius Flac- fortis, e, adj., brave, strong.
cus, consul 204 B.C.
2.

fortitude, inis [fortis],

bravery.

f.,

courage,

Q. Fulvius {Flaccus), consul

a,

237 B.C.

fortuitus, a,

um

[fors, chance], adj.,

fla^itiosus,

um

[flagritium,

causal, accidental (rare).

VOCABULARY
fortuna, ae [fors, chance],
fovtuiip.
;

198
fug.I,

f.,

luck,

fugio, ere,
escape.

to flee

avoid,

state,

fortunatus,

a,

um

property [fortuna], adj.,

con
flee,

confugro, ere,

fugi,

to

lucky, fortunate.

forum, i an out

(cf.

foris, out of doors), n.,

take refuge. dis diffugio, ere," fagi,

to

of doors
;

place,

market,

flee apart, scatter.

Forum

esp.,

the

Forum Romanura
and
the
of

ex effugio,
flee from, escap?.

ere,

fugi,,

to

between
Palatine
life

the
hills.

Capitoline
It

was the center

pro profugio, ere, fugi,,

flee, escape.

to

the political, religious, and business

of

Rome.
to dig],
f.,

re
a ditch,
flee

refugio,

ere,

fugi,,

to

fossa, ae [fodio,

back, escape.

fugo, are, avi, atus [fugio], to put pit, moat. FrancI, orum, pi. m., the Fraud, to flight, rout. fulgeo, ere, fulsi, to flash, gleam. i.e. " the Freemen," a confederacy of German tribes on the lower fulmen, inis [fulgeo], n., lightning,

Rhine.

thunderbolt.
to

frango, ere, fregi, fractus,

ivreck, subdue, tire out.

break;

Fulvius,
gens.

i,

m., the

ex effringo,
tus, to break
tus, to break
off,

ere, fregi, frac-

See Nobilior.

name of a Roman Centumalus, Flaccus,

to

break open.
ere, fregi, fracsub'lue, overcome.

fundo, ere, fudi, fusus,

shed; rout, vanquish.

pour,

in infring-o,
of ;
f rater, tris, ra.,

con confundo,
sus,
to

ere, fudi, fu-

fraternus,

a,

um

a brother. [f rater],

pour together, mingle, unite,

adj.,

confuse.

brother's, brotherly.

dis
;

diffundo, ere, fudi, fusus,

a,

fraus, fraudis, i.,foul play

ery.

treach-

to

spread out, extend, stretch.

funestus,
adj., croioded, fre;

um

[ftinus], adj., caus-

frequens, entis,
quent

in f/reat numbers.
often.
[fre-

ing death, deadly, destructive. funis, is, f., a rope, cable.

frequenter [frequens], adv., frequents, are, avi, atus

quens],

fQnus,

eris, n., burial,

funeral

rites

corpse.

to visit repeatedly; frequent ; throng. frigidus, a, [frigeo, to be cold]

furca, ae,
yoke.

f.,

a two-pronged fork;

um

adj., cold.

frigus, oris,

n., cold.

furcula, ae [furca], f., a forked prop ; pi., a narrow pass. Furius, i, m., the name of a Roman
gens.
C. Furius Placidus, consul 251 B.C.

Fronts, onis, m.,

Fronto,
drian.

(M.

Cornelius)

celebrated

teacher
of

of

rhetoric during the reign

Han.,

Fuscus,
i

See Camillus. i, m., Cornelius Fuscus, one

frumentum,
grain, corn;

[fruor, to enjoy],
pi.,

of

the

most active adherents of

in

crops.

Vespasian
empire,

his

contest for the

frustra, adv., in vain.

fuga, ae,

f.,

flight.

futurus, see sum.

HAZ. EUTROPIUS

13

194

VOCABULARY
G
German!, orum,
mans.
pi,
ra.,

the

Ger-

ancient pi. m,, an Latium, east of Rome. Galatia, ae, f., a province of Asia

Gabii,

orum,

town

in

Germania, ae, f., Germany. Germanlcianus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (late).
gero, ere, gessi, gestus, to bear, carry ; perform, do, carry out loage ; se gerere, to conduct one's self, behave ; rem publicam gerere, to administer the state ; res gestae, exploits, history. con congerd, ere, gessi, ges,

Minor

settled

by Gallic

tribes in the

third century B.C.

Galba, ae, m., Servius (Sulpicius) Galba, Roman emperor 6S-iV.i a.d.
Galerius,
Gauls
;

i,

m., see
f.,

Maximianus.
country
of

Gallia, ae,

the

the

modern France and the territus, to bring together, collect. tories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was set- Geta, ae, m., Septimius Geta, brother of Caracalla, by whom he was assastled by Gauls, and was called Gallia
Cisalpina; hence the pi. Galliae. Gallienus, i, m. {P. Licinius Valeridnus Egnatius) Gallienus, Roman emperor 260-268 A.D. Gallus, i, m.,
1. C. (Cn.) Cornelias Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus. 2. Gallus Hostilidnus, Roman emperor 251-253 A.D.

sinated, 212 A.D.

Glabrio, onis, m., M. Aciliu^ Glabrio,

gladiator,

consul 191 B.C. oris [gladius],

m.,

gladiator.

gladiatorius, a, adj., pertaining

gladiatorial.

um
to

[gladiator],

gladiator,

gladius,

Gallus, a,
Gauls.

um,

adj.,

pertaining
pi.

to

Gaul; Galli, orum,

m.,

the

i, m., a sword. gloria, ae, f., glory, honor, fame. gloriose [gloria], adv., gloriously.

Gordianus,
i

i,

m.,

{M.

Antonius)

gaudium,
joy.
g-aza, ae,

[gaudeo,

to rejoice], n.,

Gordiiimis, the

name of three Roman

emperors, father, sou, and grandson,

f.,

treasure, riches.

237-244 A.D.
1.

geminus,

a,

um,

adj., twin, tioofold;

as subst., gemini,
the tivins.

orum,

pi.

m.,

2. 3.

Gordianus, senior. Gordianus Augustus, son of Gordianus Augustus, son of

(1).
(2).

gemma,
.stone.

ae,

f.,

a bud; gem, precious

Gothi, orum, pi. m., the Goths, a Germanic people.

Gracchus, i, m., a family name in gener, eri, m., a son-in-law. the Sempronian gens at Rome. genitura, ae, f., horir of birth; naTi. Sempronius Gi'acchtts, consul tivity. 218 B.C. See Notes, p. 124. gens, gentis, f., a gens or clan;
tribe, people,

nation.
Illyrians.

gradior, gradi, gressus sum,

step, rvalk.

to

Gentius, i, m., a king of the

Genucius,
36")

i,

m., L. Goiucius, consul

n.,

B.C.

ad aggredior, gredi, gressus sum, to approach, attack, undertake.

genus, generis,
stock, birth
;

race, family,

kind, class, sort.

con congredior, gredi, gres-

VOCABULARY
sus sum,
e
to

195
regard,
;

come

together, unite

possess,

with, engage, attack.

keep; render (honor)

consider;
se, to be.

egredior,
to

habere

sum,
in

gredi, gressus go out, leave, disembark; gredi, gressus

de debeo, ere, ui, itus, to owe, ought; pass., be due; debet,

debuit,
inf.,

surjjass.

ought.

ingredior,

sum, to enter. pro prdgredior, gredi, gressus sum, to advance, proceed.

re

ere, ui, itus, to hold forth, show, display ; furnish, procure.

ex exhibeo,

regredior, gredi, gressus

to step

prae praebeo, ere,

to

ui, itus,

hold

in front,
avi,

offer,

furnish,
[freq.

sum,

back, retreat, return.

to

exhibit.

trans gressus

transgredior,
sum,
step

gredi, habito,
over or

are,
,

atus

of

habeo]
dition
;

to dwell, inhabit, live.

across, cross.

habitus, us [habeo], m.,

habit,
i,

state, con-

Graece,

adv., in the Greek language,

manner ;

dress.

in Greek.

Hadrianus,
f.,

m., (P.) Aelius Hadri-

Graecia, ae,

Greece.
adj.,

Graecus,
pi.

a,

um,

Grecian,

Roman emperor 117-138 a.d. Haemus, i, ni., a lofty range of

iinus,

Greek; as subst., Graeci,

m., the Greeks.
a,
,

orum,

mountains separating Thrace and

Moesia.

grandaevus,

um

[grandis

Hamilcar,
Hannibal,

aris, m., a Carthaginian

first

aevum,
grandis,

age]

adj.,

aged.

grand. gratia, ae [gratus], f., favor, regard; return, acknowledge ; friende, adj., large,

ship,

love,

popularity,

influence;

gratiae, arum, pi. f., thanks; gratia, with preceding gen., frequent in expressions of purpose, /or the sake of. gratus, a, um, adj., welcome, pleasing, gratefid.

Punic war. son of Hamilcar Barca, the great general of the Carthaginians in the second Punic war. Hanno, onis, m., 1. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, taken captive in
general in the
alis, m., the

Sicily 210 b.c.

2. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, defeated by Scipio 203 B.C.

gravis, e,
grievous.

adj., heavy, hard, severe

important,

grave

troublesome,

graviter [gravis], adv.,

vius, sup. gravissime

Hasdrubal, alis, m., 1. Surnamed Calvus, " the Bald," commander of the Carthaginian excomp. graweightily,

pedition to Sardinia in the second

vigorously, seriously, toith dignity.

H.

Punic war 215 B.C. 2. Brother of Hannibal, defeated and slain at the battle of the Metaurus 207 B.C.
3.

habena, ae [habeo],

f.,

a holder,

halter, rein; only in pi., the reins,

in the third

The leader of the Carthaginians Punic war 149-146 B.C.

adv., by no means, not at all,

dtrection,management, government.

haud,
710 1.

habeo, ere,

ui, itus, to have, hold,

196
haurio,
drink.
ire,

VOCABULARY
hausi,

haustus,

to

Hispanus, a, um, adj., Spanish; as subst., Hispanus, i, m., a Spaniard.

historia,
story.

ex exhaurio, ire, hausi, haustus,

to

ae,

f.,

history,

account,

take out, empty out, exhaust.

Helena, ae, f., the uame of a Roman camp ill Spain wliere Constans died. Heliogabalus, i, m., see Antoninus. Helvetii, orum, pL m., a Celtic tribe living north of Lake Geneva in modern Switzerland. Heraclea, ae, f a city in Thrace on
,,

historicus, i, m., an historian. Hister, tri, f., a town in Lower Moesia.

Histri,

orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of Histria, a peninsula in the northern extremity of the Adriatic Sea.

the Propontis.

Herculius, i, m., a cognomen of Maximianus. Herennius, i, m., T. Herennius

(Pontius), leader of the Samnites
in the

hodie [hoe + die], adv., to-day. homo, hominis, m. and f., a human being ; man, mankind. honestas, atis [honestus], f ., honor,
virtue.

honestus,

a,

um [honor]

adj.,

hon-

Marsic war.

orable, upright, noble, illustrious.

honor, oris, m., honor, respect, esheres, edis, m., an heir. Hiberi, orum, pi. m., the inhabitants teem ; public office. honoriflce [honorifieus, confernng of Hiberia. honor], adv., tvith honor, honorably. Hiberia, ae, f., a country of Asia. hie, haec, hoc, dem. pron., this ; he, honoro, are, avi, atus [honor], to honor, respect, adorn; celebrate. she, it; the following ; the latter. hora, ae, f., hour, the twelfth part hiems, hiemis, f,, winter; storm. of the day (sunrise to sunset) or Hiempsal, alls, m., son of Micipsa, night. king of Numidia, was murdered by Horatlus, i, m., the name of a Roman Jugurtha. gens. See Pulvillus. Hierda, ae, m., king of Mauretania. Hierius, i, m., Hierius Asinius, leader Hormisda, ae, m., kiug of Persia, 30;5-310 A.D. of the Samnites in the Marsic horror, 6ris,m., dread, terror, horror. w^ar. Hiero, onis, m., king of Syracuse, an hortus, i, m., garden, orchard, park. Hostilianus, i, m., see Gallus. ally of the Romans. Hierosolyma, orum, pi. n., Jerusa- hostilis, e [hostis], adj., hostile.
lem.

hinc

[hie], adv.,

from

this place or

time, hence.

Hirtius, i, m., {A.) Hirtius, friend of Caesar; consul 43 B.C. Hirtuleius, i, m., a distinguished general of Sertorius in Spain.

Hostilius, i, m., Tullus Hostilius, the third king of Rome, 672-640 B.C. See Mancinus. hostis, is, m., an enemy, foe.

huiusmodi
this
(i.e.

[hie

+ modus],

adv., of

the following) kind.

Hispania, ae,
Portugal).
provinces,
It

f.,

Spain

(including
into

was divided

humanus, a, um [homo], adj., human; refined, civilized; humane. two humerus, i, m., the shoulder.
humiliter [humus, the ground], ndy., basely, meanly, abjectly, humbly.

Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pi. Hispaniae.

; ;

VOCABULARY

197

idem, eadem, idem, dem. pron., the same ; often best rendered by an
iaceo, ere,
cast,

ui,

to lie,

He dead.
to

adv., also, too, besides.

*iacio, ere, ieci, iactus,

throw,
to

idoneus,
capable.

a,

um,

adj., suitable,

fit

ad
throw

hurl; throw up, construct. adicio, ere, ieci, iectus,

to,

idus,

con conicio,
de deicio,
to

fing

add.

icere, conieci,
;

uum, pi. f., the Ides; the fifteenth of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth of other
months.

coniectus, to throiv together, unite hurl, throw; conjecture.

throw or

ig-itur, adv., then, therefore, accord-

icere, ieci, iectus,

ingly.

hwl down,

bring

down; ignave [ig-navus],

adv., sluggishly,

lay low, dislodge, destroy.

slothfully, loithout spirit.

ex eicio,
inter
iectus,

icere, ieci, iectus,

icere,
ieci,

ignavia, ae [ignavus],
sloth
;

f,,

idleness,

to cast or drive out, expel.

intericio,
to

throw or place between,

interpose; intervene (in pass.).

icere, ieci, iectus, throw before, put in the way of; put in the hands of ; expose. sub subicio, icere, ieci, iecto

Ob obicio,

cowardice, baseness. ig-navus, a, um, adj., inactive, lazy, slothful; cowardly, dastardly. ignis, is, m., fire. ignobilis, e (g')n6bilis, adj.,

[m+

unknown,

unrenowned,

obscure

base, ignoble.

ig-nobiliter [ig-nobilis], adv.,

(late Latin).

meanly

tus, to throw OY place under;

hand

up ; present ; subdue. ig-nominia, ae [in+ (g)n6men], f., trans traicio, icere, ieci, iecdisgrace, dishonor, ignominy. tus, to throiv or carry acro,<is, trans- ig-nominiose [ignominiosus, dis-

port

pierce, penetrate, transfix

go

graceful], adv., ignominiously, disgracefully.

or pass over, cross.

iam, adv., now, already, at once. ig-noro, are, avi, atus [ig-narus, laniculum, i, n., Janiculum, a hill ignorant], to be ignorant, 7iot to oil the west bank of the Tiber. know, overlook. lanus, i, m., Janus, an old Latin di- ille, ilia, illud, dem. pron., that; he,
vinity, who presided over the beginnings of all things commonly represented with two faces.
;

she,

it

the former.

illic [ille], adv., there, in that place.

illustris, e, adj., clear, distinguished,

ibi, adv., there

thereupon, then.
in the

glorious.

ibidem

[ibi], adv.,

same place,

illyricum,
illyrii,

i,

n.,

a country east of
m., the inhabitants
likeness, semblance,

just there.
ico, ere, ici, ictus, to strike, smite

the Adriatic Sea.

orum,

pi.

foedus icere,

to strike (conclude)

of Illyricum.

a treaty (rare). ictus, us [icoj, m., a blow, stroke, loound.

imag-o, inis,

f.,

image

statue.
f.,

imitatio, onis [imitor],

ing, imitation.

a copy-

idcirco [id + abl. of circus], adv., on that account, therefore.

imitor, ari, atus

sum,

to imitate.

198
immanis,

VOCABULARY
e, adj., hufie, imnieiifie.

impudice [impudicus,
adv., unchastely.

shameless],

immemor,

oris [in

+ memor], adj.,
undeserved],
to

unmindful,

careless.

impulsor, oris [impello], m,, one

rvho incites, instigator.
in, prep,

immerito [immeritus,

adv., unjvstly, undeservedly.

with ace, of place,

; ;

into, to,

immineo,
threaten.

ere, ui,
a,

overhang,

on, upon, towards, again.st

pose, for, with a viev) to

of pur-

of other

immodicus,
adj.,

um

[in

+ modus]
enormous,
hur-

relations, respecting, according to

beyond
;

bounds,

high

excessive.

in dies, day by day ; with abl.^ of place, in, on, upon, in the midst of,

immunitas, atis [in+munus,

immunity. impar, paris
equal.

den\, L, freedom fro)n public duties,

[in

+ par],
[in

adj.,

un-

impatiens,
adj.,

entis

+ patiens],
I.,

a)nong; of time, in,Hn the course of, during ; of other relations, in the midst of, in the case of, respecting, according to. incedo, see cedo. incendo, ere, cendi, census [in -f

impatient; intolerant, impetu-

candeo,
burn;

to

shine], to set on frc,

ous.

excite.

impatientia,
impatience.

ae

[impatiens],

incido, see cado.

incivilis, e [in
uncivil.

+ civilis],
adj.,

adj., rude,

impello, see pello. imperator, oris [impero], m., commander-in-chief, general, emperor.

inclutus, a, um, incognitus, a,

adj.,

famous.

um [in + cognosco],
unharmed [in + com-

imperium, i [impero]
control,

n.,

command,

unknown.
e, adj., safe,

government, military ausovereignty, empire.

to rale,

incolo, see colo.

thority

incolumis,
com-

impero, are, avi, atus,

incommodus,
able, unfit.

a,

um

mand
gain;

impetro, are, avi, atus,

succeed.

emperor. procure, accomplish, bring to pass;

order, levy
;

to be

modus],adj., inconvenient, unsuit-

to

inconsulte [inconsultus, not asked],

adv., unadvisedly, inconsiderately.

impetus, us

[in

+ peto],

m.,

a)i.

incrementum,
inde, adv.,
Indi,

[incresco,

to

in-

attack; violpuce, vehemence. impleo, see *ple6.

crease], n., growth, increase.

/rom
pi.

that place, thence;

impono, see pono. improbo, are, avi, atus [iraprobus],

to disprove, blani",

next, then,

orum,
f.,

m., the people

of

censure

reject.

India.

improbus,

a,

um

[in

+ probus,

up-

India, ae,
stan.

India,

modern Hindu-

right], adj., wicked, outrageous.

improsper, spera, sperum [in -|- indico, see dico. prosperus, fortunate], adj., un- indig-eo, ere, ui, [in + egeo], to bp poor, to hare need of, want. fortunate, u np rospero us impradens, entis [in + prQdens, indiscretus, a, um [in + discerns,
foreseeing],
adj.,
off'

imprudent,

not guard.

foreseeing,

to distinguish], adj.,

able

undistinguishwithout diMinction of rank.

VOCABULARY
indo, see do. indoles, is, f., nature, disposition.

199
a,

inhonorus,
inimicitia,

um,

adj., unsightly.

ae,

[inimicus,

un-

induce, see duco. indulges, ere, dulsi, dultus,

complaisant
industria, ae,
abilitf/.
;

to he

friendly], f., enmity. initium, i [ineo], u., a beginning.

be

kind, be tender;
;

iniucundus,
dus],
able. adj.,

a,

um

[in

+ iucundisagreein-

yield, grant, spare

f.,

bestow, confer.
;

unpleasant,

industry, diligence

iniuria,
pi. f., truce, anni.'i-

ae

[in

+ ius],

f.,

wrong,

indutiae, arum,
ticf^.

justice, violence, injury.

iners, ertis

[in+

ars], adj., unskill-

iniuste [iniustus], adv., unjustly. iniustus, a, um [in + iustus], adj.,

unjust.
a,

ful, idle, ejf'emi/iate.

infamis, e [in
nious.

+ fama], + for,

adj.,

m/- innoxius,

um,
a,

adj.,

harmless

not

guilty, blameless, innocent.

to speak], f.,

infantia, ae [in
iiifanctf.

innumerus,

um

[in

+ numerus],

adj., countless.

infelicitas, atis
nate],
f.,

[infelis,

unfortu-

ill-luck,

inferior,

ius

misfortune. (comp. of inferus),

inopia, ae [inops, needy], f., icant, scarcity poverty inquino, are, avi, atus, to stain, de,

adj., loioer, inferior.

file ;

dishonor.

infero, see fero. infesto, are,

tile], to

inritus, a,
,

-f-

um
see

[in

+ ratus], adj., un;

[infestus, hosfidus], adj., not

decided, unsettled

void, of no eject.

attack, molest, infest.

inrumpo,

rumpo.
e
[in

infidus, a,
false.

um [in
um
vast,

insatiabilis,

+ satur,

full],

to be trusted,

fait /dess, treacherous,

[in

adj., unsating, not cloying.

ni., a persecutor. insequor, see sequor.

insectator, oris,

infinitus, a,

+ finio],

adj.,

unbounded,
a large

enormous; num- insero, see sero.

infinitum, i, n., insidiae, arum [insideo, to sit upon], pi. f., ambush ; treachery. amount, a large number. insigne, is [insignis], n., a sign, infringo, see frango. badge, ornament. ingenium, i, n., disposition, ability, insignis, e [in + signum], adj., renature, wit. markable, distinguished. ingens, entis, adj., ^r^e, huge, great. Ingenuus, i, m., one of the Thirty insigniter [insignis], adv., remarkably e.i-.traordina rily Tyrants defeated and slain l)y
berless; as subst.,
:

(iallienus.

insole^is, entis

[in

+ soleo],
insolent.

adj.,

ingluvies,
crop,

ace.

em,
,

abl. e,

f.,

the

unusual; haughty,

maw

gluttony.

ingravesco, ere,
loorse.

to be

burden-

insolentia, ae [insolens], f., unusualness; haughtiness, arrogance, insolence.

some, be wearied; increase, grow

ingredior, see *gradior. ingruo, ere, ui, to break in

insolentius (comp. of insolenter), adv., too hanghtVy. insolently. as- instituo, .see *statu6.
insto, see sto.

sault in force.

200
instrumentum, i

VOCABULARY
[instruo],
u., tool;

inusitatus, a,
novel.

um

[in

+ usitatus,

collectively, stock of tools, plant.

usual], adj., unusual, unfamiliar,

instruo, ere, struxi, structus [in struo, to pile vp], to build; arrange, draw up or array (troops)

invado, inveho,

see see

*vado. veho.

make

ready, equip, fit out.

taste'],

invenio, see venio.

insula, ae, f., an island. insulse [insulsus, loithout

adv.,
tastelessly,

invicem
fool-

[in

vicem],

adv.,

by

turns, in turn, one after another,

alternately.
[in + vinc6], adj., invictus, a, unconquerable, invincible. invideS, see video. invidia, ae [invideo], f., envy, illvnll.

insipidly;

ishly, absurdly.

um

insum,

see

sum.

integer, gra, grum [in + root tag in tango], adj., untouched, new;
full, entire, vigorous.

inter, prep, with ace, of place, betiveen, among ; of time, during.

invisus, a,

um

[invideo],

a,d}.,

hate-

ful, hostile, troublesome.

Interamna, ae, f,, a town in Umbria. invito, are, avi, atus, to invite, summon. intercede, see cedo. interea [inter + is], adv., in the in Vitus, a, um, adj., umoilling. invius, a, um [in + via], adj., immeantime, meanwhile.
intereo, see eo. interfector, oris [interflcio], m., a slayer, murderer.
interflcio, see faci5.
passible.

lovianus,
lovidnus,
A.D.

i,

m., (Flavins Claudius)

Roman emperor

363-364

interim, adv., meanwhile. interim, see emo.

intericio, see *iacio.

ipse, a,

um,

intensive pron., himself,

;

herself, itself, themselves

often best

rendered by very, mere, in person,

even, actually.
ira, ae,
f.,

interior, ius [inter], adj., comp., no positive, sup. intimus; inner, interior.

anger, passion.

intermitto, see mitto. internecio, onis [interneco,

stroy],
f.,

to

iracundia, ae [iracundus, irascible], f., a prone ness to anger, dehasty temper; anger, wrath, passion.

slaughter, utter ruin.

see

intersum,

sum.

iratus, a,
adj.,
is,

um [irascor, to be angry]
this,

intervenio, see venio. intolerabilis, e [in + tolerabilis, supportable], adj., unendurable. intra, adv. and prep, witli ace, inside
of,

angry.
that; he,
it ;

ea, id, dem. pron.,

such.
pi.

she,

Isauri,

orum,

m., the inhabitants

within, during.

intro, are, avi,

to enter.

atus

[intro, within],

of Isauria. Isauria, ae,

f.,

country of Asia
Isaurian, a sur(Vatia),

intueor, see tueor. inultus, a, um [in + ulciscor, to avenge], adj., without satisfaction, unavenged, unpunished.

Minor. Isauricus,

i,

adj.,

name

of

Servilius

who

conquered the Isaurians. isium, i, n., the temple of

Isis.

VOCABULARY
ita
[is]
,

201
f.,

adv., in this

way,

so,
;

thus

lulia, ae,
racalla.

luHa Maesa, wife of Cam.,

as follows, in such a loay

ingly,

accord-

and

so.
f.,

lulianus,
1.

i,

ftalica, ae,

a city in Spain.
adj., Italian.

{Flavins

Claudius)

lulianus,

italicus, a,

um,

Roman emperor
so,
2.

3G1-363 a.d.

itaque
item,
iter,

[ita

+ que],

adv.,

and
so,

Salvias lulianus,
jurist.

an eminent

therefore, consequently.

Roman
also,
3.

adv., likewise, just

Salvius lulianus,

Roman em1,

moreover.
itineris [eo],
n.,

peror from

March

28 to June

193

a journey,

A.D.

lulius, i, m., the name of a Roman march; road, highway. gens. See Caesar Libo. iterum, adv., again, once more, for iungo, ere, iunxi, ianctus, to join the second time.
Itiiraei,

orum,

pi.

m., the

inhabi-

together, unite, bind, fasten-, yoke.

tants of Ituraea, a district in Coelesyria.

ad adiungo, ere, iunxi, iunctus,

to

join

to,

fasten

to,

luba, ae, m.,

1.

con coniungo,
by
iunctus,
nect,
to

add. ere, Iunxi,

King

of Nuraidia, defeated

fasten together, con-

Caesar in the battle of Thapsus, 46

B.C.
2. King of Mauretania. iubeo, ere, iussi, iussus,

associating. iunior, see iuvenis.

form by
i,

lunius,
to order,

m., the

name

of a

Roman
Si-

gens.

See

Brutus, PuUus,

command. iucundus,
IQdaea, ae,
tine.

a,

um,

adj.,

pleasant;

lanus. luppiter, lovis, m,, the chief god of

the
Latins.

pleasing, joyful, dear.

f .,

He was

originally a

Judea, a part of Pales-

personification of the sky,

and had

control of

the thunder, lightning,

to

ludaei, orum, pi. m., the Jews. iudex, icis, [ias + dico] m., a judge.
,

rain, and storms. idro, are, avi, atus,

sioear.

take an oath,

iudico, are, &vi, atus [iudex],

to

con conitiro, are, avi, atus, to judge, think, be of the opinion; pronounce. take an oath together, conspire, plot. iugerum, i [iungo], n., a measure of ias, iuris, n., right, justice, authority; land, somewhat more than half an court. acre. (iussus, us) [iubeo], m., only in the iugis, e [iungo], adj., joined toabl. sing, iussu, by order of, comgether.

mand.
iustus, a,

iugul6, are, avi, atus [iugulum,

neck"], to cut the throat, kill, slay,

um

[ius],
,

did].,

just, fair

murder.

proper, fitting regular. iuvenilis, e [iuvenis], adj., youthful.

iugum,

[iungo],

n.,

a yoke; ridge.

iuvenis, e,adj.,comp. iunior; young.

lugurtha, ae, m., king of Numidia. iuvo, are, iuvi, iatus, to help, aid. See Notes, p. 135. iuxta, adv. and prep, with ace, near. lugurthinus, a, um, a.d]., pertaining luventius, i, m., P. (M\) luventius
to

lugurtha.

{Thalma), praetor 1G7 b.c.

202

VOCABULARY
Laevinus,
i,

m.,

the

name

of

Roman
Kal.

family.

= Kalendae, arum,
tirst

pi.

f.,

tlce

1.

L. Valerius {Laevinus), consul

Kalends, the

day of the month.

e,
adj.,

206 B.C.
2.

Karthaginiensis,
ses, ium, Karthago,
pi.

Cartha-

M. Valerius Laevinus, consul

P. Valerius Laevinus, consul

cflidan; as subst.,

Karthaginien-

210 B.C.
3.

m., the Carthaginians.

f.,

inis,

280 B.C.

1. Carthage, a city founded by the Phoenicians on the northern coast of Africa destroyed by the Romans
;

laevus, a, um, adj., left; as subst.,' laeva, ae, f ., the left ; in laeva, on
the left side.

14(5 B.C.

Lamponius,

i,

m., a leader of the

Karthugo Nova, a city founded by the Carthaginians on the eastern

2.

coast of Spain.

Marian party in the Civil war between Marias and Sulla. languor, oris, ra., faintness, feebleness, wearin.ess.

Larcius,
L.,

i,

^i., T.

Larcius (Flavus),
501 B.C.
to

abbreviation of

the

praenomen

the

lirst dictator,
iri,
;

Lucius,
L. = 50. labor, oris,
fortune.
m.,
labor,
toil;

largior,
mis-

itus

sum,

give freely,

distribute

bribe.

largitio, onis [largior], L, liberality,

bribery.

laborlosus, a,

um

[labor], adj.,/Z/

lascivia,
jollity.

ae [lascivus,

si>07'tive], {.,

of labor, laborious, toilsome; weariso)ne, Oitficult.

laboro, are, avi, at us [labor],

toil,

to

late [latus, broad], adv., broadly, widely; on all sides, far and
loide.

strire

be

in

distress

be

troubled.

lateo, ere, ui,

pi.

to lie hid,

escape

Lacedaemonii, orum,

m., the

notice.

Lacedaemonians, the inhabitants of

Lacedaemon or Sparta, lacrima, ae, f., a tear. lacrimabilis, e [lacrlmo,

adj., lamentable.

Latine, adv., in Latin. Latinus, a, um, adj., Latin, pertaining

to

Latium; as
pi.

subst., Latini,

to

weep],
hart,

orum,

m., the Latins.

latro, onis, m., a robber, brigand.

to

laedo, ere, laesi, laesus,

injure.

latrocinor, ari,
robber,

[latro], to be a

commit piracy.

Laelianus, i, ni., one of the Thirty latus, eris, n., a side ; flank. Tyrants emperor in Gaul after the laudo, are, avi, atus [laus], to praise, commend. death of Postumus. Laelius, i, m., C. Laelius, consul 190 laurea, ae, f., the laurel tree. laus, laudis, i., praise, fame, glory; B.C.
;

laetitla,

ae [laetuB, joyful],

{.,

joy,

ability, merit.

rejoicing.

lavacrum,

[lavo], n., bath.

to

laetor, ari, atuB

sum

[laetus, joy-

lavo, are, lavi, lautus,

bathe.

ivash,

ful], to rejoice, be joyful, be glad.

VOCABULARY
laxo, are, avi, atus,
out, relax.
to loose,

203
f.,

spread

liberalitas, atis [liberalis],

erosity, kindness
;

gen-

a gift.

lecticula,

ae

[dim.

of
bier.

lectica,

libero, are, avi, atus [liber], to set

free, release.

conch], L, a litter; lectio, onis [lego],

f.,

a reading.

legatiS, onis [lego],

f., an embassy. legatus, i [lego], m,, an ambassador,

libertas, atis [liber], f., freedom. libertinus, i [libertus], adj. used as subst., m., a manumitted slave,

legate; lieutenant, deputy.

freedman.
libertus,
libido,
i

a legion. lego, ere, legi, lectus, to gather,

f.,

iegio, onis [lego],

colled

[liber], m., a freedman.

[libet,
it

inis

pleases],

f.,

select, appoint,

choose

read.

pleasure;
2()7 B.C.

lust,

con conlego,
tus,
to collect,

wantonness, passion.

ere, legi, lec-

Libo, onis, m., L. Ifdius Libo, consul

a pair of scales ; a pound. um, adj., of or belonging to the Liburnians, an Illyrian people living between Histria and Dalmatia naves Liburnae, light galleys built after a model used by them. Libya, ae, f., the northern part of Africa, west of Egypt. Libyssa, ae, f., a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor. licet, licere, licuit or licitum est, impers., it is alloioed permitted Licinius, i, m., the name of a Roman
f.,

gather; obtain, get,

ere, lexi, lectus,

acquire.

libra, ae,

dls

diligo,

Liburnus,

a,

to single out,

esteem, love, prize.

ex eligo,

ere, legi, lectus, to

softness,

pick out, choose, select. lenitas, atis [lenis, soft],

f .,

smoothness, gentleness, mildness. leniter [lenis, soft], adv., softly,

mildly, lightly.

Lentulus,
family.
1.

i,

m., the

name of a Roman

(L.) Cornelius Lentulus, conan]

275 B.C.
2.

L. Cornelius Lentulus, consul

gens.
1.

237 B.C.
3.

C.

Fabius Licinius, consul 273

P. Cornelius Lentulus, consul

B.C.
2.

71 B.C.

(P. Flavins) Licinius,

Roman

leo, onis, m., lion.

Lepidus,

i, m., M. Aemilivs Lepidus, a member of the Second Triumvi-

emperor 307-324 a.d. See Crassus, Lucullus, Valerianus.

rate, consul 46 B.C.

Ligures, um,

Leptis, is, f a Phoenician colony in the northern part of Africa.

,

pi. m., the people of lAguria, a district on the western coast of Italy.
i,

levis, e, adj., light, trivial, easy.

Lilybaeum,
Sicily.

n.,

a town in western
ace.

lex, legis,

f.,

a law, decree.

libenter [libens, glad], adv., gladly,

cheerfully.

Lingones, um, Gr.

pi.

Llngonas,
quarrel

m., a Celtic people of Gaul,

f.,

liber,

era,

subst.,

liberi,

erum, adj., free; as orum, pi. m., chil[liber], adj., //-ee-ftom,

lis, litis,

strife, dispute,

suit, action.
f.,

dren.
liberalis, e
7ioble
;

littera, ae,
bet)
;

a letter (of the alpha-

^\.,ioriting, literature, letters

liberal, generous.

letter.

204

VOCABULARY
lugeo, ere, luxi, luctus,
to

litus, oris, n., a shore beach.

mourn,

Livius,

i,

in.,

the

name

of a

Roman

bzwail.

gens. See Salinator. loco, are, avi, atus [locus], to place. con conloco, are, avi, atus, to place, arrange, station, establish. locupletator, oris [locupleto, to

Lusitani,

orum,

pi.

m., the inhabi-

tants of Lusitdnia.

Lusitania, ae, f., a province in the southwest of Spain. Lutatius, i, m., the name of a Roman enrich], m., an enricher. gens. See Catulus. locus, i, pi. loci and loca, m., a place, luxuria, ae, [luxus, excess], f., luxspot
;

room
i,

position, rank,

condi-

ury, extravagance.

tion.

Lycia, ae,
m., M. Lollius, consul 21
adv., at a distance,

f.,

a division of

Asia

Lollius,
B.C.

Minor.

longe [longus],
far, by far.

M.
M., abbreviation of the praenomen

Longinus,
1.

i,

m.,

Marcus.
Longinus,
consul
M'., abbreviation of the praenomen

C. Cassius

124 B.C.

Manius.

Cassius {Longinus), murderer of Caesar.

2.

C.

Macedo, onis, m., a Macedonian. Macedonia, ae, f., an extensive country north of Greece, between Thes-

longus,
lorica,

a,

um,

adj., long, tall; dis-

tant; tedious.

saly and Thrace.

strap],
f.,

ae [lorum, a
i,

Macedonicus,

corselet of leather,

a coat of mail.
m., the inhabi-

Lorium,

n.,

a town in Etruria.
pi.

Lucani, orum,

a, um, adj., Macedonian ; a surname of Q. Caecilius Metellus,who conquered Macedonia also of L. Aemilius Paulus.

tants of Lucania.

machinor, ari, atus sum, to contrive

skillfully, devise,

Lucania, ae,
Italy.

f.,

district in southern

scheme, plot.

Macrinus,
i,

Liucretia,ae,f.,thewifeofCollatinus.

m., (3/.) Opilius Macrinus, Roman emperor 217-218 a.d.

i,

Lucretius,
gens.

ra.,

the

See Tricipitinus.

name of a Roman Madena, ae, f., a part of Armenia. Maedi, orum, pi. m., a people of

luctus, us [luffeo], m., grief, sorThrace. row, mourning. maeror, oris, m., mourning, sadLucullus, i, m., the name of a Roman ness, grief, sorrow, lamentation. family. mag-is, adv., comp., more, rather;
1.

L. Licinius Lucullus, consul 74

eo magis,

all

the

more;

sup.,

B.C.
2.

maxime,
M. Licinius Lucullus, brother
i,
i,

greatly, chiefly, exceedtri,

ingly.

of(l).
Iticus,

magister,
m., a sacred grove, grove.
m., play,
n.,

m., a master, ruler,

teacher;

magister equitum, masaid-de-camp of the

adj., belong-

Indus,

game; place
in

of

ter of the horse,

training, school.

dictator.

Lugdunum,
Lyons.

i,

a city

Gaul,

now Magnentianus, a um,

ing
to

or pertaining to Magnentius.

VOCABULARY
Magnentius,
350-353 A. D.
i,

205

m.,

Roman

emperor,

Mag-nesia, ae, f., a city of Asia Minor near Mount Sipylus in Lydia. magniflcentissinae [mag-niflcus]
adv., sup. of magniflce
;

per permaneo, ere, mansi, mansurus, to continue, remain. re remaneo, ere, mansi, to
remain behind. Manilins, i, m., M. Manilius, consul
149 B.C.

splendidly,

very magnificently

Manlius,

i,

m.,

magnificus,
;

a,

um

[magnus +

facio], adj., sup. magniflcentis-

simus splendid, magnificent,noble. magnitudo, inis [magnus] t., mag,

A. Manlius, consul 241 B.C. 2. M. Manlius, consul 105 B.C. See Censorinus, Torquatus,
1.

Vulso.

nitude, greatness, size.

mansuetado,

inis

[mansnetus,
gentleness.

magnus, a, um, adj., comp. maior, tame], f., mildness, ere, sup. maximus; great, large, abun- manumitto,
dant, powerful.

misi,
to

missus
free,

[manus-t-mitto],
tlie

set

Mago,

onis, m.,

brother of Hanin Spain.

f.,

nibal, captured by Scipio maiestas, atis [maiorj,

emancipate manns, us,

enfranchise.
f.,
;

great-

troop ; force
to yield.

hand, arm; band, combat ; manias con;

ness, grandeur, dignity, majesty.

8erere,tojoin battle

dare manus,

maior, Mains,

see
i,

magnus.

ally as adj..

month of May; usu- Marcellus, i, m., the name of a Mains, a, um, agreefamous Roman family. ing with mensis, Kalendae, Nonae, 1. M. Claudius Marcellus, consul
m., the
idus.

222 B.C.
adv., comp. peius,
;

male [mains],
sup.

2.

(M.) Claudius Marcellus, conItKi

pessime

badly,

ill,

unhap-

sul
3.

B.C.

pily, unsuccessfully.

(M.) Claudius Marcellus, coni,

malo, see volo. mains, a, um, adj., comp. peior, sup. pessimns; bad, evil, hurtful;
as subst.,

sul 51 B.C.

Marcius,
1

m.,

malum, i, n.,
ae,
f.,

misfortune.

Mamaea,
mother
of

(lUlia)

Mamaea,

Alexander Severus. Mancinus, i, m., C. Hostllius Manclnus, consul 137 B.C. mando, are, avi, atus

the fourth king of-Rome, 640-616 B.C. 2. C. Marcius, consul 310 B.C. 3. Q. Marcius, surnamed Coriolanus.

A ncus Marcius,

See Coriolanus.

[manns

Marcomannicus,
comannl.

a,

um,

adj., be-

do],

to

commission, command, send

longing or pertaining

to the

Mar-

word.

con commendo, are, avi, Marcomedi, orum, pi. of western Asia. to commend or commit for Mardi, orum, pi. m., protection, intrust, recommend. that warlike people re remando, are, avi, atus, to
atus,

m., a people

a powerful, dwelt on

maneo,

send back word (very rare). ere, mansi, mansus, stay, continue, abide by.

the southern shore of the Caspian

to

sea

mare,

is, n.,

the sea.

206

VOCABULARY
i,

Margum,
Moesia.

n.,

a town
adj.,

iu

Upper

Maxentius,
306-312 A.D.

i,

lerius) Mdx.entius,

m. {M. Aurelius VaRoman emperor

Marianus,

a,
to

um,
a,

belonging or
adj.,

pertaining

Marius.

maxime,
[mare],
1.

see mag-is.
i,
(

maritimus,

um

Maximianus,
Gdlerius
nus,

m.,
Valerius)

marine, maritime, on the seashore. maritus, i [mas, male], m., a husband. Marius, i, m., the name of a family at Rome.1. C. Marius, seveu times consul, leader of the democratic party in
the Civil

Maximia-

emperor, 305-311 a.d. 2. {M. Aurelius Valerius) Maximianus, surnamed Herculius, Ro-

Roman

man emperor
Maximinus,
1.
i,

28G-305 a.d.
ni.,

(C. laiius Verus)

Maximinus,

war between him and Sulla.

(1)
.

Roman emperor
2.

235-238 a.d.

See Notes, p. 137. 2. Marius, son of

Gdlerius

(Valerius)

Mdximl-

Consul

82 B.C.
3. M. Aurelius Marius, one of the Thirty Tyrants.

Roman emperor Maximus, i, m.,

nus,
1

305-314 a.d.

Q.

Fahius Mdximus, consul six

times.
2. Q. Fabius Mdximus, defeated by the Samnites 292 B.C. 3. Q. Fabius Mdximus (Cunctd-

Mars, Martis,
war.

m., the

Roman god

of

Marsi, orum,
in the

pi.

m., a brave and

Avarlike Sabellian people,

who dwelt
Italy.
to

tor), five

times consul.
see

mountains of central

maximus,
Mazaca,

magnus.
a city in Cappadocia,

Martius", a,

um,

adj.,

pertaining
of

ae,

f .,

Mars.

later called Caesarea

i,

Martius,
a,

m., the

month

usually used as an adj.,

March Martius,

ad Argaeum from Mount Argaeus upon which it

stood.
i

um,

agreeing with mensis, Kal-

medicus,

[medeor,

to heal],

m., a

endae, Nonae, Idus.

ph ysician, su rgeon

Masinissa, ae, m., a king of Nu- medie [medius], adv., in the middle, midia, an ally of the Romans. modera telti tolerably Massilia, ae, f ,, a city in Gaul, modern medietas, atis [medius], f., the
,

Marseilles.

middle, place in the middle, midst.

,

mediocris, ere [medius], adj., com-adj., of mon, moderate, mediocre. a mother, mother's ; maternal, on Medioianum, i, n., a city in Cisalthe mother's side. pine Gaul, modern Milan. matrimonium, i [mater], n., mar- medius, a, um, adj., in the middle,
riage
;

mater, tris, f mother. maternus, a, um [mater],

pi. loives.
f.,

matrona, ae [mater],
looman.

a matron,

dium,
tween.

middle, midst of; as subst., mei, n., middle, midst, space be-

Mauretania, ae,

f.,

a district on the

northwestern coast of Africa, embracing iMirls of modern Morocco

melior, see bonus. melius, see bene.

Memmius,

I,

m., L.

Memmius, con-

and Algiers.

sul 151 B.C.

VOCABULARY
memorabilis, e [meniopo,
mind], markable.
to
adj.,

207
in.,

to

bring
re-

metus, us,

/ear, dread.

ivorth

telling,

Micipsa, ae, m., king of Numidia,

the eldest of the sons of Masinissa. mig-ro, are, avl, atus, to migrate, remove. miles, itis, m. and f., a soldier.

memoria, ae [memor,
inemory
tion
;

jnindful],

f.,

report, record, time, age.

f.,

mens, mentis,
reason.

the

mind;

disposi-

mensis, is, m., a month. mentio, onis, f., mention.

miliarium, i, n., a milestone, mite. militaris, e [miles], adj., military; assubst., a soldier; res militaris,
the art of war, Tnilitary operations.
get,

mentum,
mereo,
deserve
;

i,

n., the chin.

ere, ui, itus,

serve.

to

earn,
to dip,

militia,
vice.

ae [miles],

f.,

military serto be

merg-o, ere, mersi, mersus,

plunge, sink.

milito, are, avi, atus [miles],

de demerge, ere, mersus, to siiik. merito [meritum, desert],

servedly, justly.

mersi,
adv., de-

a soldier, loage war. mille, indecl. num. adj., a thousand; as subst. with part, gen., milia, um,
pi. n.,

thousand, thousands.
a,

millesimus,
f,,

um

[mille],

num.

Mesopotamia,

Mesopotamia, adj., thousandth. a division of Asia between tlie Eu- minax, acis [minor, phrates and Tigris rivers. adj., threatening.
ae,
^f.

to

threaten],

Messala. ae, m.,

Messenii, orum,
Tigris river.

(3/'.)

Valerius

(Messdla), consul 203 B.C.

pi.

minime, see parum. minimus, see parvus.

minister,
vant.
tri,

m., the inhabi-

m.,

an attendant,

ser-

tants of Messene, an island in the

-met, an intensive
self.

enclitic particle,

Metellus,
1.

i, ni.,

the

name

of

minor, us, see parvus. Minucius, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Rufus. a promi- minuo, ere, i, utus [minus], <o make
small, diminish, reduce.

nent family at Rome.

C.

Caecilius
Caecilius Caecilius

Metellus, consul Metellus, consul

Metellus, consul

113 B.C.
2.

L.

de deminuo, ere, i, utus, make smaller, lessen, diminish. minus, adv., see parum.
miror,
ari,

to

251 B.C.
3.

mirabilis, e [miror], adj., wonderful.

L.

atus sum,

to

wonder

at,

123 B.C.
4. (Q. Caeciliu.^) Metellus Macedonicus, consul 143 B.C.

be astonished.

5.

ari, atus sum, wonder at, admire. Q. Caecilius Metellus {Numidi- Mithradates, is, m., surnamed the
to

ad admiror,

cus), consul 109 B.C.

6.

Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus,

Mithradaticus,

Great, king of Pontus 120-()3 B.C. a, um, adj., per-

consul 69 B.C.
7.

L. {Caecilius) Metellus, carried

on war against Mithradates.

8.

taining to Mithradates. mitis, e, adj., mild, kind, placid. mitto, ere, misi, missus, to send^
dispatch; throiv, shoot
;

M.

{Caecilius) Metellus.

let

go.

208
ab amitto,
to

VOCABULARY
ere, mioi, missus,
;

modius,
j)eck.

[modus], m., a measure,

adv.,
.
.

send awaij,

lose

dismiss.
,

ad admitto, ere
to

misi, missus,

modo
noic

[modus],
;
.

only;
.

just
at
.
.

permit, admit, give audience to. con committo, ere, misi,

now, lately one time

.

modo
.
.

modo,
.

at another, noio
.
.

send or bring together, join; intrnst commit, bring about, cause, allow; pfignam or proelium committere, to begin battle. dimitto, ere, misi, misdis sus, to send away, dismiss; give up, abandon. inter intermitto, ere, misi, missus, to send between, interi)Ose,
to

missus,

n5n modo
. .

sed etiam,

not only

but also.

modus,

i,

m., measure, limit, end;

icay, manner. Moesia, ae, f., the modern Bulgaria and Servia, divided into Moesia Superior and Inferior hence the pi., Moesiae,
;

Mogontiacum,
a,

interrupt; stop, cease.

per permitto, ere, misi, mis- molestus,

sus,
to let

i, n., a city in Belgic Gaul, modern Mainz.

um

pass

praeter

praetermitto

permit, allow.
,

adj., troublesome,

[moles, mass], annoying, vexa[moles, mass],

yield-

ere

tious.

misi, missus, to permit to go brj, let pass, let go ; omit, neglect. promitto, ere, misi, mispro sus, to 2)ut forward; promise,

molior,

iri,

itus

sum
;

to struggle, toil

undertake, attempt.
;

mollis, e, adj., gentle, smooth

ing.

assure.

moneo,
ere, misi,

re
sus,

remitto,
to
;

mis-

ere, ui, itus, remind.

i

to advise,

warn,

send back, relax; abate.

adv., sup.
loith

monetarius,

[moneta, mint], m.,

m., a mountain,
hill,

moderate [moderatus],
moderatissime mode rate hj. moderatio, onis

a minter, coiner.

moderation,
f.,

m5ns, montis,
height.

[moderor],

monumentum,

moderation, self-control. moderator, oris [moderor], m., o manager, governor, director.

i [moneo], n., a monument, record; tomb. moratus, a, um [mos], adj., man-

nered, of morals, constituted; characteristic.

moderatus,

a,

um

[moderor],

adj.,

self-controlled, temperate, modest.

morbus,

i,

m., sickness, disease.

mioderor, ari, atus sum [modus], to set bounds to, check, restrict,
regulate.

morior, mori, mortuus sum, to die. moror, ari, atus sum [mora, delay],
to delay, wait.

mod- mors, mortis [morior], f., death. eration; shame, modesty; sense of mos, moris, m., a custom, habit; honor, dignity. manner, fashion; pi., customs, modestus, a, um [modus], adj., character. keeping due measure, moderate, m5tus, tis [moved], ni., motion, dis-

modestia, ae [modestus],

f.,

modest, temperate.

turbance, revolt.

modicus,

a,

um

[modus],

adj.,

moves,

ere,

movi, mStus,

to

move,

small, moderate.

remove;

injluetice, excite.

VOCABULARY
con commoveo,
motus,
re
tus,
to

209
N.

ere,

movi,
Nabis, idis, m., tyrant of Sparta. nactus, see nanciscor.

arouse, disturb, move,

influence.

removeo,
to

ere,

movi, mo-

remove, put aside, dismiss,

nam,

con]., for, but.

i, nactus sum, to get, sub submoveo, ere, movi, obtain. motus, to drive off, dislodge. Narbo, onis, m., a city in the southmox, adv., soon, directly, then. ern part of Gaul.

withdraw.

nanciscor,

Mucius, i, m., see Scaevola. narratio, onis [narro, to tell], f., a muliebris, e [mulier, a woman], relating, narrative. adj., pertaining to a woman, woman- Narseus, i, m., king of Persia, 294like.

303 A.D.
t.,

Nasica, see Scipio. titude. nascor, i, natus sum, to be born; multo, are, avi, atus [multa, a spring from, arise. flne], to fine, deprive ; punish, con- natio, onis [nascor], f., nation, tribe, demn. people. multo [multus], adv., by far, much. natura, ae [natus], t., nature, dismultus, a, um, adj., comp. plus, positio7i ; situation. sup. plurimus; much, many a; natus, a, um [nascor], adj., lit. pi., many. born ; with annos and numerals, Mulvius, a, um, adj., Mulvian; old. Mulvius pons, the Mulvian bridge, naufragium, i [navis + frango], about two miles north of Rome. n., shipwreck, ruin.
a mul-

multitude, inis [mult us],

Mummius,
n.c.

i,

ni.,

L.

Mummius,

conqueror of Corinth;

the consul 146

f ., a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45 B.C. between Caesar and tlie Pompeians. munio, ire, ivi (ii), itus [moenia,

Munda, ae,

navalis, e [navis], adj., naval. navigatio, onis [navigo], f., a voyage ; navigation. navig-o, are, avi, atus [navis ago], to sail, navigate. navis, is, f., ship, vessel; navis
long-a,

war

ship,

galley

navis

walls'], to fortify, secure,

guard.

oneraria, transport. ne, ], adv., not; ne

order that not,
lest,

quidem,
conj.,

munus,
Murena,

eris, n., duty, service; pres-

not even, not at all;

not
that.

2,

in

ent, gift.

to,

for fear

ae, m., L. (Licinius) Mua,

rena, consul 62 B.C.

murrinus,
ing

um,

adj.,

of or belong-

ne, enclitic interrog. particle, used (1) in direct questions, and then
translatable only

to the stone

Mursa, ae, f., of the voice; (2), as conj. with murus, i, m., a wall. direct questions, whether. Mus, Muris, m.,(P.) DeciusMUs, con- nee, see neque.
sul 279 B.C.

murra, murine. a town in Pannonia.

by the

inflection
in-

necessarius,
to

a,

um

[necesse, neces-

muto,

are, avi, atus,

change.

sary], adj., necessary, indispensa-

HAZ. EUTROPIUS

14

; ,

210
ble
;

VOCABULARY
as subst.,

an intimate friend,

1.

Surnamed Epiphanes, king

of

relative.

Bithynia, 149-91 B.C.

2.

necessitudo, inis [necesse, necessary],

f.,

Surnamed Philopator, king

gri,

of

friendship, intimacy.
heedless'],

Bithynia, 91-74 B.C.

neg-ligenter [neglegens,
adv., heedlessly,
gently.

Niger,

m.

(C.)

Pescennius Niger,
193-194 a.d.

carelessly,

negli-

Roman emperor
nihil [ne

+ hilum, a trifle], n., indecl.,

f.,

nego, are, avi, atus,

refuse.

to

say no, deny,

busi-

negotimn, i [nee + otium], n.,

ness
;

nothing, not at all. Nilus, i, m., the river Nile. nimietas, atis [nimius],
great
fluity, excess.

too

toil,

labor, trouble.

number or quantity ;

super-

nemo,

inis [ne

+ homo],
.

m. and

f.,

no one.

nimis, adv., too much, very, excessively.

Nepotianus, i, m {Flavins Popilius)

Nepotidnus, Roman emperor for 28 nimius, a, [nimisj, adj., too days in 350 a.d. much, too great, excessive. nepos, Otis, m., grandson; nepheio nisi [ne + si], conj., if not, unless,
(late);
i^\.,

um

descendants.

except.

nequaquam [ne+quaquam,
where],
adv.,

not

at

all,

any- Nisibis, is, f., a city in Mesopotamia. by no nitor, i, nisus or nixus sum, to
strive,

means.

attempt
to

'

rely upon.
i,

neque

nee [ne + que], adv. and conj., and not, but not, nor, nor yet
or

ad adnitor,
sum,
strive.

lean
oris,

against

nisus or nixus or upon

a
celebrated

neque
.

(nee)
. .

neque

(nee),

nor. neither Nero, onis, m.,

1. Nero (Claudius Caesar DrUsus Germdnicus), Roman emperor 54-

Nobilior,

m.,

Roman
1.

family.
(Ndbilior), consul

M. Fulvius

189 B.C.
2.

68 A.D.
2.

Ser. Fulvius Ndbilior, consul

Appius Clartdius Nero, consul

a, una, adj., belonging

255 B.C.
nobilis, e [noseo], adj., noted, notable ; renoicned, noble. nSbilitas, atis [nobilis],

207 B.C.

NerSnianus,

or pertaining to Nero ; Neronidnae

f.,

renown,

thermae. Nerva, ae, m.

nobility ; the nobles.

(3/. Cocceius),

Nerva, nobiliter [nobilis], adv., famously,

excellently , splendidly, nobly.

Roman emperor 96-98

neuter,
tra,

a.d.

trum
;

[ne

+ uter],

noctumus,
f.,

a,

um

[noxj, adj., by

pron., neither (of two).

night, nocturnal.

nex, neeis, f., death

ter.

murder, slaugh- N61a, ae,

Italy.
pi.

a city in Campania in

Nleonaedenses, ium,

m., the in-

habitants of Nicomedia. Nieomedia, ae, f., the capital city

of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

n616, see vol6. nSmen, inis [noseo], n., a name; account; jiretcnsc ; authority.

Nomentanus,
ing
to

a,

um,

ad]., pertaincity.

Nicomedis,

is,

m.,

Nomentum, a Sabine

; ,

VOCABULARY
nomino, are,
name, non, adv.,
to call,

211
dat. nuUi), adj., none,

avi,

atus [nomen],

nuUius,

no

mention.
pi. f., the

as subst., no one.

not, no.

Numa,

ae, m., see Pompilius.

Nonae, arum,
October,

Nones, the Numantia, ae, f., a city in Spain. seventh of March, May, July, and Numantini, orum, pi. m., the in-

and the

fifth

of

other

habitants of Numantia.

months,

numen,

inis [nuo,

to

nod], n., a

divinity, poiver. nonag-esimus, a, um [nonag-inta], numerosus, a, um [numerus], adj., num. adj., ninetieth. in full numbers, numerous, maninonaginta, indecl. num. 2iA]., ninety. nonnullus, a, una [non + nuUus], fold. Numerianus, i, m., the younger of adj., some, several. the two sons of the emperor Carus. nonus, a, um [novem], num. adj., numerus, i, m., number, account; ninth. character, rank. Norbanus, i, m. (C) Norhdniis, consul 83 B.C.

Numidae, arum,
i,

pi.

m., the

Numi-

dians. a Roman province Numidia, ae, f., a country of northsouth of the Danube, ern Africa, west of Carthage. nosco, ere, novi, notus, to come to know, become acquainted with; in nummus, i, m., money; coin; sesterce (=4.1 cents). perf. system, to knoio. ad agnosco, ere, gnovi, g-ni- numquam [ne + umquam] ad v tus, to recognize. never. con cognosce, ere, cognovi, nunc, adv., at the present moment,

Noricum,

n.,

cognitus,
stand.

to learn, perceive,

under-

noio.

nuncupo, are,

avi, atus

[nomen

recognosco, ere, re + con gnovi, gnitus, to recall, recognize. noster, tra, trum [nos], adj., our, our oicn. notabilis, e [noto, to mark'], adj., noteworthy conspicuous, notable. [n6sc5], adj., loell notus, a,
,

by name. nuntio, are, avi, atus [nuntius],

to call, call
to tell,

+ capio],

announce, report.

de denuntio, are, avi, atus, to

announce, denounce, order, threaten. avi, are, pro pro nuntio, atus, to tell, declare, recite, appoint. nuntius, i, m., a messenger ; message nusquam [ne + usquam] adv., nowhere, in no place. nuto, are, avi, atus, to nod; loaver, be ready to give way.

um

known, familiar.

novem, num.

adj., nine.

noverca, ae, f., stepmother. novus, a, um, adj.,/re5A, new, young,

recent;

novae
f.,

res, a revolution.
to veil

nox, noctis,

night.

nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptus,

O,
ob, prep, with ace,
to,

one's self, marry. nudo, are, avi, atus [nudus], to

towards; for
of.

on account of, by reason make bare, strip, expose. obeo, see eo. nudus, a, um, adj., naked, bare. nuUus, a, um [ne + uUus] (gen. obicio, see *iaci6.

, ;

212

VOCABULARY
Octavianus, gustus. Octavius, i,
87 B.C.
i,

obitus, us [obeo], m., destruction, {death. oboedio, see audio.

m., see Caesar,

Au-

obscene

[obscenus,

ill-omened]
;

m., C. Octdvius, consul

adv., sup.

obscenissime

immod-

octavus, a, um [octo], num. adj., estly, indecently eighth. obscenitas, atis [obscenus, illomened], f., moral impurity, foul- octing-entesimus, a, um [octinness, unchastity, lewdness, obscenity.

genti], num. adj., eight hundredth.

obscure [obscurus], adv., comp. octingenti, ae, a [octo + centum], num. adj., eight hundred. obscurius, sup. obscurissime octo, indecl. num. adj., eight. obsciLrely. obscurus, a, una, adj., dark, obscure; octodecim [oct5 + decem] indecl.
,

ignoble,

mean, low.

obsecro, see *sacr6. obsequor, see sequor. obses, Idis [obsideo], m. and
hostage.

f.,

num. adj., eighteen. octogesimus, a, um [octoginta], num. adj., eightieth. a octoginta [octo], indecl. num. adj.,
eighty.

obsideo, see sedeo. obsidio, onis [obsideS],

oculus,
f.,

i,

m., the eye.

Odenathus, i, m., ruler of Palmyra. He checked the incursions of the obtempero, are, avi, atus [temPersians, and was honored with the pers, to soften], to submit.
a
siege.
title of Augustus by Gallienus. obtineo, see teneo. [ob + via], adj., in odeum, i, n., a public building deobvius, a, signed for musical performances, the tvay, meeting ; with esse, fieri, odeon. or venire, to meet. occasio, onis [occido, to happen], odium, i [odi, to hate], n., hatred,

um

f., an occasion, opportunity. Occidens, tis [occido], m. (sc.

aversion.
s51),

odor, oris, m., odor, stench.

t?ie

setting sun.theWest, the Occident.

to cover,

Oenomaus, i, m
ators

a leader of the gladi-

occido, see caedo. occulo, ere, cului, cultus,

who

revolted with Spartatnis.

f.,

offensa, ae,
tred,

disfavor, offense, ha-

cover over ; hide, conceal. occults, are, avi, atus [freq. of

enmity. offers, see ferS.

officium, i [opus + faciS], n., serocculo], to hide, conceal; secrete, vice, favor ; duty, office. occultus, a, um [occul5], adj., hidOgulnius, i, m., Q. Ogulnius, consul den, secret, concealed. 2(59 B.C. occupo, are, avi, atus [ob4capio], to take possession of, seize, olim [ole, old form of ille], adv., formerly. hold, occupy ; attack, employ. Olympias, adis, f., an Olympiad, occurro, see curro. the space of four years intervening bceanus, i, m., the Atlantic and its between the games at Olympus. divisions in contrast with the Mediterranean Sea.

Octaviana. ae, f., sister of Octavianus and wife of M. Antonius.

The period was used in assigning dates, the first Olympiad beginning
in 770 B.C.

VOCABULARY
Olympus,
i,

213

m.

a city in Lycia in

Orestes,

Asia Minor.

is, m., Cn. Aufidius Orestes, consul 73 B.C. (sc.

omen,

inis, n.,

a foreboding, progall, altoall.

Oriens, entis [orior], m.

origo, inis
orior,
iri,

sol),

nostication,

omnino

omen. [omnis], adv., in

the rising sun, the East, the Orient.

[orior],

f.,

an

origin,

gether, only, in general; at

source, pedigree.

omnis, e, adj., evenj, all. opera, ae [opus], f., work, pains,

aid;

ortus sum,
a,

to rise, begin,

spring from.

operam

dare,

to

attend

to,

oriundus,

um
i

[orior], adj., de-

assist, aid.

opifex, ficis [opus f acio] m., roorkman, artisan. opinor, ari, atus sum, to think, be,

scended, sprung from, originating, born.

ornamentum,
n.,

[orno,

to fit ouf],

lieve.

oppidum,

i,

n.,

a walled toion.

Oppius, i, m., see Sabinus. opprimo, see premo. oppug-natio, onis [oppugno], an assault, attack, siege. oppug-no, see pug-no.
(ops), opis, f ., poiver, help
;

a preparation ; decoration, ornament, jewel. oro, are, avi, atus [6s, mouth], to pray, beg, entreat. ad adoro, are, avi, atus, to

f.,

supplicate

worship, reverence.

Orodes,

is,

m., a king of the Parthi-

ans, conquered

by Pompey.

pi.

opes,

OS, ossis,
in the

n.,

a bone.

um,
opto,

wealth, resources.
see

Osdroena, ae,
to

optimus,
desire.

bonus.
avi,

f., Osroene, a district west of Mesopotamia.

are,

atus,

hope,
to

Osdroeni, orum,
ostendo,
see

pi.

m.,

the

in-

ad adopts,
a,

habitants of Osdroena.

are, avi, atus,

tendo.

adopt.

opulentus,
loealthy.

um
n.,

[ops], adj., rich,

loork,

opus, operis,

business,

need ; fortification. orator, oris [6r6], m., an orator, ambassador. orbis, is, m., circle ; orbis terras or

ostiatim, adv., from door to door, from house to house. ostium, i [OS, mouth], m., the mouth of a river. Otacilius, i, m., (T.) Otdcilius Crassus, consul 2G3 b.c.

Otho, onis, m., (M. Salvius) Otho, Roman emperor from January 15 to
April 16, 69 a.d.

terrarum,

the loorld.
f.,

orbitas, atis [orbus, destitute], bereavement, orphanage.

otium,
rest,

i,

n,, leisure; ease, idleness

peace.

Orchades, um,
ney Islands. ordinarius, a,

pi.

f.,

islands north of Scotland,

a group of now Ork-

ovo, are,
ceive

to exult, rejoice

re-

an ovation, triumph,
P.

um

[ordino], adj.,
P.,

of order, usual, regular, ordinary. ordino, are, avi, atus [ordo], to

arrange, regulate.

the praenomen Publius. paco, are, avi, atus [pax] topacify,

abbreviation of

ordo,

inis,

f.,

an

order, rank, row.

make peaceful.

214
Pacorus,
i,

VOCABULARY
m., pon of OrodesI.,king

of Parthia.

Paeligni, Srum, pi. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy,

con compares, ere, ui, , to appear, shov: o)ie's self. *pari6, ere, peperi, partus, to give birth to, bring forth.

paene, adv., ali)iosi, nearhj. Palaeopharsalus, i, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated

ab aperio,
cover, bare
;

ire, ui, tus, to

un-

open, disclose.

con comperio, ire, peri, pertus, to find out, learn.

Pompey

48

b.c.

It

is

generally

written Pharsalus.

Palaestina, ae,

Palestine.

reperiS, ire, repperi, rere pertus, to find (again), meet with,

discover.

palam,

adv., openly, jjublidy.

i

Palatinus,

(sc.

mons),

adj., the

Palatine Hill.

paro, are, avi, atus, to make ready, prepare ; resolve, plan ; get, acquire.

Palatium,
the
hill,

i,

n.,

the Palatine Hill;

con compare, are, avi,

to

atus,

the imperial palace,

which was on
cloak,

make
prae

ready,

prepare

obtain,

procure.
i,

pallium,

n.,

Grecian

praeparo,

are,

avi,

mantle. palus, udis.

atus,
f.,

to

make ready beforehand,

are, avi, atus,
to

Pamphylia, ae,
Minor.

a marsh, fen. f ., a division of Asia

provide.

re

reparo,

reneiv.

Pannonia, ae,

f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.

parricidium, i [pater + caedo], murder of a father, parricide.

pars, partis,
trict
;

n.,

f.,

Pannonicus,

a,

um, adj., pertaining

side, direction

apart, number; dis; party, faction.

Parthenius, i, m., the slayer of to Pannonia. Pannonii, orum, pi. m., the inhabDomitian. Parthenopolis, is, f ., a city in Lower itants of Pannonia. Pansa, ae, m. (C. Vihius), Pdnsa, Moesia on the Black Sea.
consul 43 B.C.

Parthi,
i,

orum,
a,

pi.

m., a Scythian peoadj.,

Panticapaeum,
modern Crimea.

n.,

a city in the

ple southeast of the Caspian Sea.

Parthicus,
Parthia,
Severus.
f.,

um,

Paphlagon,
nian.

onis, m., a Paphlago-

cognomen
is,

of

belonging to Septimius

Paphlagonia, ae,

a division of

Parthomasiris,
menia.

m., king of Ar-

Asia Minor on the Black Sea. Papirius, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Carbo, Cursor, parens, entis [pario], m. and f., a

partim

[pars], adv., partly.

partus, us [pario], m., a bringing

forth, delivery, birth
;

father or mother, parent; relative

(late).

parum,

adv., too

little,

progeny. not enough;

pare5, ere,
serve.

ui,

to

appear; obey,

ad appareS,
come
visible,

comp., minus, less, by no means, not; sup., minime, least of all, by no means, not at all; as a subst.,

ere, ui,

to be

parum,
enough.

indecl.

n.,

too

little,

not

appear ; serve.

; ;

VOCABULARY
parvus,
comp.,

215

um, adj., little, am all minor, smaller, less ; younger (sc. natu) sup., minia,
;

2. L. Aemilius Paidus, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168 B.C. 3. M. Aemilius Paulus, consul 255

mus,

smallest, least.
to

B.C.

pauper, eris, adj., poor. pax, pacis, i., peace. of animals, to graze, browse. passus, us [passus from pand.6, pectus, oris, n., the breast. to spread], m., a step, pace; pecunia, ae [pecus, cattle],
pasco, ere, pavi, pastus,
feed

i.,

passuum, suum, a Roman

mille
lish feet.

milia pasmoney. mile = 4854 Eng- pedes, itis [pes] m., a foot
pi.
,

soldier,

patefacio, ere, feci, factus [pateo

+ faci6],
bring

tof

lay

open,

disclose,

infantry. pello, ere, pepuli, pulsus, to drive out or away, expel ; defeat, rout.

to light.

ad appello,
,

are, avi, atus,

to
;

to

pateo, ere,
pater,

ui,

to be open, extend,

call,

address,

name ; appeal

ac-

be manifest.
tris, m.,

cuse.

a father, ancestor.

con compello,
sus,
compel.

ere, puli, pul;

paternus,

a,

um

[pater],

adj.,

to drive together, collect

force,

fatherly, of a father. patior, pati, passus sum, to suffer, bear, endure ; experience ; alloio,

ex expello, ere, puli, pulsus,

to

drive out

or away, expel, dis-

permit.

lodge.

per perpetior, i, pessus sum,

endure, he patient under. patrla, ae [pater], f., fatherland, country, home.
to
to

in impello,
urge on,

ere, puli, pulsus,

incite, impel.

pendeo, ere, pependi,

be suspended
;

to

hang,

patrimonium,

[pater],

n., inhei'it-

depend. penetro, are, avi, atus [penitus],

rest,

ancp, patrimony, property.

to enter, penetrate.

patro, are, avi, atus, to carry out, perform, execute. patruelis, e [patruus], adj., of a father's brother, child of a father's brother ; as subst., a cousin. patruus, i [pater] m., of a father's brother, paternal uncle.
,

penitus,

adv.,

inwardly,

within;

deeply, completely.

paucus, a, um, adj.,/ew, little. paulisper [paulum, by a little'],

adv., a short time.

per, prep, with ace. (1) of place, through, across, over, throughout; (2) of time, through, during ; (3) of means or agency, by means of, by the agency of, through. percussor, oris [percutio], m., a slabber, murderer. percutio, ere, cussi, cussus [per

paulus,
subst.,

a,

um,

adj., little,
n.,

small; as

-fquatio,

to

shake],
kill.

to

thrust

paulum, i,

little, trifle

through, strike,

abl., paulo, by a little. Paulus, i, m., the name

perdo,
of a

see do. see

Roman perdomo,

domo.

family.
1.

L, Aemilius

pereo, see eo. Paulus, consul perferS, see ferS.

perfici5, see faciO.

216 B.C.

216
perfidia, ae
f.,

VOCABULAEY
[perfidus, faithless],
treachery.

Pescennius, i, m., see Niger. pestilentia, ae [pestis, plague],

a pestilence, plague. peto, ere, ivi (ii), itus,
tack.

f.,

perfug-a, ae [perfug-io, to flee for refuge'], m., a fugitive, deserter, refuge.

to strive for,

seek; beg, ask, request; assail, ati,

Pergamum,
Asia Minor.

n.,

a city in Mysia in

ad appeto,
to

ere, ivi

(ii),

itus,

pergo, see rego. periculum, i, n., trial; danger, peril. perimo, see emo. perinde [per-j-inde], adv., in the same manner, just as, equally.
peritus, a, um, adj., skillful, experienced, familiar with.

strive for,

reach after; assail,

; long for, desire ; draw nigh, approach, he at hand. re repeto, ere, ivi (ii), itus,

attack

to

seek again, try

to

get back, de;

permaneo,

see

maneo.
to

permitto, see mitto. permutatio, onis [permuto,

change], f., change, exchange. nex], f., depernicies, ei [per

back ; recall, repeat attack. Petreius, i, m., M. Petreius, a partisan of Porapey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa. Petronius, i, m., Petrdnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.

mand

Pharnaces, is, m., Gr. ace. Pharnacen, the son of Mithradates, perniciose [perniciosus], adv., danwho succeeded his father as king
struction, ruin.

gerously, destructively

perniciosus,
adj.,

a,

um

[pernicies],

dangerous, destructive.

Perperna, ae, m., {M.) Perperna,

consul 130 B.C.

perpetior, see patior.

of Pontus. Phaselis, idis, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor. Philippi, orum, pi. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian

perpetuus,
forever.

a,

um,

adj., continuous,

44 B.C.
i,

uninterrupted;

in

perpetuum, Philippus,
1.

m.,
v.,

Persae, arum, pi. m., the Persians. persequor, see sequor. Perseus, ei, m., the last king of
Macedonia, 178-168 B.C.

Philip 220-178 B.C.

2. {3f.

king of Macedonia
I.,

laiius) Philippus

Roson

man emperor 244-249

3.

a.d.
II.,

{M. Itdius) Philippus

persevere, are, avi, atus,

persevere.

to persist,

of (2).
4.

L. Mdrcius Philippus, consul

Q.
B.C.

Persis, idis,

f.,

Persia.

91 B.C.
5.
18(5

Pertinax, acis, ra., (Helvius) Pertindx, Roman emperor from January

1 to

Mdrcius Philippus, consul

March

28, 193 a.d.

f.,

Perusia, ae,

an ancient town

in

philosophia, ae, t., philosophy. philosophus, i, m., a philosopher.

Etruria in Italy.

Phoenice,

es,

f.,

Phoenicia, a coun-

pervenio, see venio. pes, pedis, ni., afoot;

ferre, to retreat.

try of Syria.

pedem

re-

Phrygia, ae,
Minor.

f.,

a division of Asia

VOCABULARY
Picentes, ium, of Picenum.
pi. m., the

217
f.,

inhabitants

Plotina, ae,

the wife of the em-

peror Ti'ajan.

Picenum,

i,

u.,

a division of Italy on

the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.

pilum, i, n., a heavy javelin; pike. pingo, ere, pinxi, pictus, to paint;
represent, delineate, portray.
i, m., the chief harbor of Athens. pirata, ae, m., a pirate. piraticus, a, [pirata], adj., per-

piarimus, see multus. Plutarchus, i, m., a Greek pher and biographer.

philoso-

poculum, i, n., cup. poema, atis, n., a poem.

poena, ae,
f., compensation, punishment, penalty. Poeni, orum, pi. m., the Carthagini-

Piraeus,

um

ans.

taining to pirates, piratical; Pira-

Polemo,

onis, m., king of Pontus

/

ticum bellum,
pirates.

loar

against the

39-62 A.D.

Polem5niacus,
a fish.
ing
to

a,

um,

adj., belong-

piscis,

is. f.,

piscor, ari, atus

fish.

sum

[piscis], to

Polemo. poUiceor, eri, itus sum,

volunteer.

to

promise,

plus, a,

um,

adj., reverent, pious.

pompa,
pomp.

ae,

f.,

places, ere,

ui,

a procession, parade,

to

please, he

agreeable to; seem best to; impers.,

Pompeius,
1.

i,

m.,

placet, placuit, placitum est,

be resolved by.

to

dis displiceo,
displease.

ere, ui,

to

placidus,

a,

um

[placo,

to soothe],

adj., calm, quiet, tranquil.

Plautius, i, m., A. Plautius, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43 a.d. to the triumvir. Pompilius, i, m., Numa Pompilius, subdue Britain. plebs, plebis, and plebes, ei, f., the second king of Rome, 715-()72 b.c the common people, popxdace, ple- pondo [pondus], adv., by weight. pondus, eris [pendo, to weigh], n., beians. [pleo], adj.,/i/^/. plenus, a, 10 eight. pono, ere, posui, positus, to put *pleo, ere, plevi, pletus, to fill. con compleo, ere, plevi, pledown, place, set, deposit; serve (at tus, to fill (to the brim) meals) spend; set up, build; pitch. comad appono, ere, posui, posiplete. ex expleo, ere, plevi, pletus, tus, to put before, place near ; serve

Cn. Pompeius, consul 89 B.C. 2. On. Pompeius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C. 3. On. Pompeius, son of the triumvir. 4. Q. Pompeius, consul 141 b.c. 5. Sex. Pompeius, younger son of

um

to fill up, fill.

(at table).

in

impleS, ere, plevi, pletus,

up, finish.
adj.,

con

compono,
to

ere,

posui,
con-

to fill

positus,
very

arrange, settle;

plerique, aeque, aque,

clude, finish.

many, most.

plerumque,
very often.

adv., mostly, generally,

tus,
stop

de depono, ere, posui, posito lay down or aside, put down;

;

arrange, establish.

;; ;

218
dis
tus, in tus,

VOCABULARY
dispone, ere, posui, posito

possum, posse, potui,

a&/e

[potis,

arrange, array, dispose. impono, ere, posui, posito

+ sum],
(1)

to be able,

can; pluafter-

rimum posse, to have great poioer.

post,
adv.,
(2)

place or put upon or in;

after,

later,

establish.

prae praepono, ere, posui, behind. positus, to set over, put in charge of. postea [post + is], adv., afterre repono, ere, posui, posiwards. posterus, a, tus, to put back, replace, restore. [post], ad].,folloiopons, pontis, m., a bridge. ing, next; comp. posterior, us, Ponticus, a, um, nd]., pertaining to gen. oris, later; sup. postremus, Pontus; Ponticum (mare), the last, lowest ; ad ]>osteru.ia, finally as subst., posteri orum, pi. ni., Black Sea. pontifex, ficis, m., priest. descendants, pjosterity. postquam or post Pontius, i, in., see Telesinus. quam [post Pontus, i, m., + quam], conj., after, when. 1. Pontus Euxlnus, the Black postremo [posterus], adv., at last,

wards;

prep, with ace, after,

um

Sea.
2.

finally.

A country of

Asia Minor on the

to

Black Sea.

Postumius, Postumus,
rants.

i,

m., see Albinus.

i,

m.,

(M.

Cassidnus)

populo, are, avi, atus,

ravage, lay loasfe.
to

plunder,

Postiimus, one of the Thirty Ty-

de depopulor, ari, atus sum, potens, entis [possum], adj., poioerlay waste, ravage, plunder, pilm., a people, nation.

ful.

lage.

populus,
Porcius,
gens.

i,
i,

potestas, atis [possum], f., power, might ; opportunity, permission

authority, sovereignty.

m., the

name

of a

Roman

See Cato.
[pro], adv., forward, hencem., Lars Porsenna,

potior,

iri,

itus

sum

[potis, able],

porro

to get j^os^'es.non,

acquire.
rather,

forth, furthermore, again.

potius [comp.
sup.

of potis, able], adv.,

Porsenna, ae,

potissimum;

more,

king of Clusiura in Etruria. porta, ae, f., a city gate, gate. *port6, are, avi, atus [porta],
bear, carry.

sooner.

to

prae, prep, with abl., before, in front of, in comparison with.

ex exports,
to

are, avi, atus,

avi,

carry out, export. re report, are,

praebeo, see habeo. praecedo, see cedo. praeceps, cipitis [prae

adj.,

+ caput],
steep, pre-

atus,

headlong, hasty;

carry back, report. porticus, us, f., a colonnade, arcade,

to

cipitous.

praecipio, see capio. praecipito, are, avi, atus [praeposco, ere, poposci, ceps], to throw headlong, cast down to ask, demand. rush doion. possideO, Sre, sSdl, sessus [sedeS], praecipufi [praecipuus], adv.,
portico.

to

occupy, hold, possess.

chiefly, principally, especially.

VOCABULARY
praecipuus,
prominent.
a,

219

um

adj., special, particular;

[praeciplSj, eminent,

white; the girls wore the toga praetexta until they married. praetor, oris [orig. praeitor, from

praeclarus,

a,

um [prae + clarus],

adj., very bright or brilliant, excellent, distinguished.

prae + eo], m., a leader, commander ; praetor, magistrate, judge.

praetorianus,
adj.,

a,

um [praetorium],

praeda, ae, f., booty, spoil, plunder. praefectura, ae, f ., the office of overseer,

belonging to the bodyguard; praetorian ; as subst., praetoriani,

superintendence
i,

prae/ecture.

orum,

pi.

m., thepraetoriaiis.
i,

praefectus,
tendent
;

m., overseer, super in-

praetorium,

n., the

imperial body-

praefect.

praefero, .see fero. praeflcio, see facio.

guard. praetorius, a, of or belonging

um
to

[praetor], adj., the praetor or

praemium,

[prae

+ emo],

n., re-

commander ;
i,

vnird, prize.

m., a

man

as subst., praetorius, of praetorian rank, an

ex-praetor. Praeneste, is, n., a town in Latium praevenio, see venio. east of Rome, modern Palestrina.

Praenestini, orum,

pi.

m., the in-

prandium,
pravus,
a,

i,

n.,

lunch.

habitants of Praeneste.

um,

adj., crooked, lorong

praeparo, see paro, praepono, see pono. praesens, entis [praesum],

joerverse, wicked.

adj.,a<

*prehendo, ere, i, hensus, to grasp. de deprehendo, ere, i, hensus,

to

hand, present. praeses, sidis [praesideo], m., a protector, guard, defender; president.

seize,

catch

siwprise, de-

tect, discover.

re
sus,

reprehends,
to

ere,

i,

hen-

hold back, check; blame,

praesidium,
son
;

[praesideo],

n., help,

criticise, reprove.

aid, defense; defensive force, garri-

premo,
press

ere,

pressi,

pressus,

to

fort, station, post.

praesto, see sto.

oh

press hard, crush. opprimo, ere,

pressi,
over-

praesum,

see

sum,

praeter, prep, witli ace, past, beyond; contrary to, against; besides, pretium, i, n., price, value; reward, money, ransom. except. praeterea [praeter -|- is], adv., in prim5 [primus], adv., at first. primum [primus], d^dv., first. addition to this, besides, moreover. primus, see prior. praetermitto, see mitto. praetexo, ere, ui, tus [texo, to princeps, cipis [primus + capio], adj., first, foremost; as subst. m., weave], to provide with a border; leading man, chief, leader. tog-a praetexta, a (purple) bordered toga, worn by magistrates principatus, us [princeps], m., a

pressus, to crush poioer, overwhelm.

utterly,

and freeborn children

till

the six-

teenth or seventeenth year,

the toga

when

ship, leadership

chief authority (in the state) head; reign, sovereignty.

;

they became of age and assumed virilis, which was wholly

principium,

[princeps],

n.,

begin-

ning, ongin.

220

VOCABULARY
sink, fall forward
;

prior, us, gen. prioris, comp. adj.,

fall, sink

down,

former previous, first, prior ; primus, first, foremost.

y

sup.

down. prodo, see do.

be beaten

priscus, a,

um [prius], ad]., former,

um

elder; primitive, strict.

produce, see duco. proelium, i, n., a battle, combat,

en-

Priscus, i, m., see Tarquinius. gagement. pristinus, a, [prius], adj., for- proficiscor, i, fectus sum [pro + mer, old. faciscor, from faci5], to set out, prius [prior], adv., before, sooner, proceed; spring from.
previously, first of
all.

profligo, see *flig6.

privately,

privatim [privatus],

prdfluvium, i, n., a flowing forth; ventris profluvium, diarrhea. as a single individual. privatus, a, um [privo, to set profugio, see fugio. apart], did]., private, individual; as progredior, see * gradior. subst., privatus, i, m., a man in promitto, see mitto. promptus, a, um [promo, to set private life, a private citizen.
2id\.,

privigna, ae,
privig-nus,
i,

f.,

ni.,

a stepdaughter. a stepson.

forth],

fid].,

prepared, quick, prompt.

pro, prep, with abl., in front of, before; in behalf of; in comparison with, in accordance with. probe [probus, estimable], adv.,
right, well, properly, correctly.

pronuntio, see nuntio. pronus, a, um, adj., turned forward, inclined ; tendency
prone.
;

disposed,
adv.,

propalam

[pro+palam],

openly, publicly, manifestly.

adj.,

prope, adv., near by ; nearly, almost. propensus, a, um, adj., hanging probrum, i, m., a shameful act, base down; inclined, disposed, prone. deed ; immodesty, lewdness ; insidt, propior, us [prope], comp. adj.,
a,

probrdsus,

um

[probrum],

shameful, ignom,inions, infamous.

reproach.

Probus,

i,

m., {M. Aurelius) Probus,

Roman emperor
procedo,
slope],

276-282 a.d.

see

cedo.

proclivus, a,
prone
;

um

[pr5

-|-

clivus,

nearer; sup. proximus, nearest, next ; latest, last ; next, following. proprius, a, um, adj., not common with others, own, special, individual. propter, prep, with ace, on account
of.

adj., sloping,

steep; liable,

subject, ready.
is

propterea [propter

+ is],
;

adv., for

proconsul,

consul], ra., of a province.

[pro, in place of a proconsul, governor

a,

this reason, therefore

propterea
to

quod, because. propugnator, oris [propugno,

defend], m., a defender.

proconsulatus,
adj., the office

um [proconsul],

of a proconsul, pro-

consulate.

proscribe, see scribo. proscriptio, onis [proscribo],

f.,

procul, adv., at a distance, far from. Proculus, i, m., a famous Roman

jurist.

public notice of sale, jn'o.^cription.

prosequor, see sequor. prosper and prosperus,

a,

um [pr6
one's

procumbS, ere, cubui, cubitus [pro + cumbo, to lie], to lie down.

according to hopes, favorable, prosperous.

adj.,

+ spes],

; ;

VOCABULARY
prospere [prosperus],
tiously, successfully.

221

adv., propi-

Publicola, ae, m., L. (P.) Valerius

Publicola, consul 509 B.C. pudicitia, ae [pudicus],
esty, virtue.
f.,

prostituo, see *statu6.

mod-

prosum,

see

sum.

pudicus, a, um [pudeo, to be protraho, see traho, ashamed], adj., modest, virtuous. provide [provideo, to provide, foresee], adv., carefully prudently (very- puer, pueri, m., a child; boy;
,

rare).

provincia, ae,
province.

f.,

an

office,

duty;

pugna, ae, f., a combat, fight, battle. pugnator, 6ris, m., a fighter, combatant.

provincialis,

[provincia], adj.,

of a province, provincial ; as subst., provincialis, is, m., a provincial. provisio, Qnis [provideo, to forea foreseeing foreknowledge foresight, providence.
see], f.,
,

pugrno, are, avi, atus [ptignaj,

fight
;

to

oppose, resist.

provoco, see voco. proximus, see propior. prQdentia, ae [prudens,

ing],
i.,

are, avi, atus, by storm, capture ; overpower, prevail upon. ob oppugno, are, avi, atus,
to

ex expugno,
take

to fight against, assault, besiege.

foresee-

Pulcher, chri, m., P. Claudius Pulcher, consul 249 B.C.

foresight y practical wisdom,

f .,

good sense.

PuUus,

i,

m., L. Imiius Pullus, con-

pruna, ae,

a burning coal, live coal. Prusias, ae, ra., king of Bithynia

228-180 B.C.

sul 249 B.C.

Pulvillus,
villus,

i,

m., {M.) Horatius Pul-

consul 500 B.C.

Pseudoperses,
son of Perseus.

ei,

m,, a pretended

Pseudophilippus,

i, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia. Ptolemaeus, i, ni., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of

Punicus, a, um, adj., Phoenician, Punic; Carthaginian; Punicum bellum, Punic war, first, 264-241
B.C.;

second, 218-202 B.C.;

ire,
ivi,

third,

149-146 B.C.

punio,

itus

[poena],

to

Alexander the Great. 1. Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 285247 B.C.

2.

punish.

Pupienus,
238 A.D.

i, m. {M. Clodius) Pupienus (Mdximus), Roman emperor

Ptolemaeus JEuergetes, 247-222

B.C.
3.

purgo, are, avi, atus [purus + ago], to make clear; clear away, Ptolemaeus Philometor, 181excuse.
B.C.

146 B.C.
4.

Ptolemaeus Auletes, 47-43

purpura, ae,

L, purple-color, pui^pte,

Ptolemais, is, f., a city in Libya, purple garment. publice [publicusj, adv., in the purpureus, a, um [purpura], adj., purple-colored; clothed in purple. name of (by order of) the state, pubpurpura, are, avi, atus [purpura], licly, officially. publicus, a, um [orig. poplicus], to be clothed in purple. puto, are, avi, atus, to think, conadj., belonging to the people, public
official.

sider, suppose.

; .

222
Pylaemenes,
gonia.
is, ra.,

VOCABULARY
king of Paphlaadj. (sc.
(2) rel., correl. to

tantus, as great

as, as.

Pyrenaeus,

a,

um,

the Pyrenees moiuitains.

Pyrrhus, i, m., king of war against Rome 281-272

mons), quantum, adv., hoio muchf how far? Epirus, waged quare [qua -f re], adv., (1) interrog.,
B.C.

why?

(2)

rel.,

for ichich reason,

adv.,

wherefore, therefore.

quarto [quartus],
fourth time.
Q., abbreviation of the

for

the

praenomen quartus,
Sid].,

a,

um

[quattuor], num.

Quintus. Quadi, orum,

ple.

fourth.

pi.

m., a Suabian peoa,

quasi, adv. and conj., as if, just as if, as though ; on the ground that.
adv., (1) interrog., to

quadragesimus,
ginta], num.

um

[quadra- quatenus,

what
four

a,d].,
i

fortieth.

point f hoio far?

times.

(2) rel., as far as.

quadriennium,
nus],
n.,

[quattuor + an- quater [quattuor], num.

adv.,

a period of four years. quadrlngenti, ae, a [quattuor

+ quaterni, ae, a [quater], dist. num. ad]., four each, by fours, four at a centum], num. adj., /oar hundred. [quadringenti], time. quadringenties quattuor, indecl. num. adj., /owr. num. adv., /our hundred times. quaero, ere, quaesivi, quaesitus, quattuordecim [quattuor + decern], indecl. num. adj., fourteen. get, obtain. to seek ; ask quaestor, oris [orig. quaesitor cf -que, conj. enclitic, and, and yet, but. quaero, quaeso], m., quaestor, queror, i, questus sum, to complain. quartermaster, a name given to cer- qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., loho,
;
;

tain magistrates of public

plies,

ivhich, lohat, that; whoever, whatwho had the care ever. moneys and military supboth at Rome and in the prov- qui, quae, or qua, quod, indef. pron.

inces.

quails, e, adj.,

(1) interrog.,

of lohat

used adjectively, any, some. quia, conj., because, since.

kind ? what sort off (2) rel., of such quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, indef. rel. pron., whoever, a kind, such as, as. quam [quis] adv., how, hoxo much whichever, lohatever. after a comp., than; with a sup., as quidam, quaedam, quiddam, and as adj., quoddam, indef. pron., a possible; quam primum, as soo7i certain one, somebody ; a certain. as possible ; quamdiu, as long as; quam, as tain so, not only quidem, adv., indeed, in fact, to be
, .

but also.
conj., although, even
-|-

sure;
if.

ne
all.

quidem,

not even,

quamquam,

not at

quam vis [quam

quantus,
terrog.,
a,

vis,

from volo],

quiesc5, ere, evi, etus,

pose, keep quiet.

to rest, re-

adv. and conj., however much, although.

quietus,
rest,

a,

um

[quam] adj., (1) inhow great f how much?

um

free

from

[quiesco], adj., at exertion; undis-

turbed, quiet, peaceful.

VOCABULARY
quodlibet quaelibet, quilibet, (quidlibet) iiidef pron., any one
,
.

223
(3) indef., to

where?
where.

any

place, any'

you please, any one, who or whatso- quo

ever.
ill

[qui], conj., with comparatives,

order

that,

that,

that

thereby;

quo minus, that not. quin [qui, adv., how?-\-ne], conj., how not? why not? that, that not, quod [qui], conj., because, supposi7ig that, in that, so far as ; quod hut that; quin et or etiam, nay
more.
si,

but

if.

quing-entesimus, a, um [quin- quondam, adv., once, formerly, somegenti], num. adj.,^ve hundredth. time. quing-enti, ae, a [quinque + cen- quoque, conj., also, too. tum], num. adj.,./7"i;e hundred. quousque, adv., till when? how quini, ae, a [quinquej, dist. num. long? until (late).
adj.j.^ye each, hy fives.

quinquagesimus, a, una [quinquaginta], num. ad}., fiftieth. quinquaginta, indecl. num.

fi.fiy'

adj.,

quinque,

indecl.

num.

adj., .^ve.
pi.

Quinque g-entiani, orum,

m., a

Raetia, ae, f., a Roman province south of the Danube. rapio, ere, rapui, raptus, to seize and carry off, drag off; plunder,
destroy.

people of Libya. Quintillus,i, m. {M. Aurelius) Quintillus,

con corripio,
to seize,

ere, ui, reptus,

brother of the emperor M.

i, m., the name of a Roman See Cincinnatus, Flamini-

Aurelius Claudius.

Quintius,
gens.

snatch up, grasp; collect, carry of, plunder. diripio, ere, ui, reptus, dis

to tear

nus.

ex eripio,
adv.,

asunder, ravage, plunder. ere, ui, reptus, to

quints [quintus], num.

fifth time.

/or the

take or snatch
prive.

away ;

rescue; def.,

quintus,

a,

um

[quinque], num.
as

ratio, onis [reor, to think"],

reck-

^d]., fifth.

oning, calculation, account ; method,

quippe,
surely.

adv., indeed,

you

see,

qui que

= et qui. Quirinalis, is (sc. collis) m., the Qulrinal Hill, one of the seven hills
of

plan. rationalls, e [ratio], adj., of or helonging to accounts ; as subst., rationalis, is, m., an accountant.

ratus, a,

um

[reor, to think], adj.,

Rome, thought out, defined, fixed. quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. used Ravenna, ae, f., a city in Cisalpine substantively, some one, any one, Gaul.
something, anything.
indef. pron., adj., or

rebello, see bello.

see

quisquam, quaequam, quicquam, recedo,

noun, any one,
rel.,

cedo.
adj.,

recens,
fresh.

entis,

recent,

late,

anything, any.

quo

[qui], adv., (1)

(2)

whither,

receptor, oris [recipio], m., a harborer, concealer.

where;

interrog.,

whither?

; ,

224
recipio, see capio.

VOCABULARY
2.

M.

Atilius Regulus, consul 25G

recog^nosco, see nosco.

reconcilio, are, avi, atus,
again, regain
;

B.C.
to

procure

religio, onis,

f.,

sense of duty; re-

reunite, reconcile.

recorder,
heart], to

ari,

atus

sum

[re

+ cor,

remember,

recall.
a,d].,

rectus, a,
direct.

um

[rego],

straight,

gods ; scruple. relinquo, ere, liqui, lictus [re + linquo, to leave], to leave behind, leave ; bequeath; appoint by loill.
ligion, devotion to the

reliquiae,

arum

[relinquo],

pi. f.,

recuse, are, avi, causa], to refuse,

hesitate.

atus
object,

[re

decline,

remainder, remnant, residue. reliquus, a, [relinquo], adj., remaining, rest.

um

redo, see do. redeo, see eo. redigo, see ago.

remando, see mando. remaneo, see maneo. remeo, are, avi, ,to go
turn.

back, re-

redimo, reduco,

see

emo.
duco.
,

see

remittS, see mitto.

refero, see fero. reformo, are, atus [re

to

+ forma]

shape again, reform, change. refugid, see fugio. regina, ae [rex], f., a queen. regio, onis [rego], f ., a direction
region, territory.

removed, see moveo. remus, i, m., an oar. Remus, i, m., the brother of Romulus.
renovo, are, avi, atus [re + novus], to renew. reparo, see paro. repente [repens, sudden], adv., suddenly.

regius,
kingly.

a,

um

[rex], adj., royal,

repentinus,

a,

um

[repens, sud-

regno, are, avi, atus [regnum],

to be

den], adj., sudden, unexpected.

king, rule.
i

regnum,

[rex],

n.,

kingship, su-

reperio, see *pari6. repetS, see peto.

premacy ; kingdom, reign. rego, ere, rexi, rectus, to regulate,

rule, conduct.

repono,

see

pono.
see

reports, see *port6.

reprehend,
ere, rexi, rectus,
erect
;

*prehend6.
to check'\,

ad adrigo,
to

repressor, oris [reprimo,

set up, raise,

rouse, en-

courage.

m., a restrainer, represser. repudio, are, avi, atus, to cast

divorce; reject, scorn.
f.,

off",

con corrigo,
tus,
to

ere, rexi, reccorrect,

matter; affair, circumstance ; per pergo, ere, perrexi, perstory: property, fortune; trouble; rectus, to go .straight on, proceed, res familiaris, private property res publica, the commonwealth, hasten; with ace, pursue with vigor, perform. stale ; res gestae, exploits. regredior, see *gradior. reserve, see servo. Regulus, i, m., resided, see sedeo. resists, see *sisto. 1. M. Atilius Regulus, consul 267
straighten,

im- res, rei,

thing,

prove.

deed, exploit, event

responded,

see

spondeo.

VOCABULARY
responsum,
answer.
i

225

[responded],

n.,

an rostratus,

res publica, see res. restituo, see *statuo.

resume,
rete,

see

sumo,

is, n.,

a net, snare.

retine5, see teneo. retro, adv., backward, behind. reus, 1, m., defendant, accitsed person ; prisoner.

a, [rostrum], adj., furnished with beaks. rostrum, i, n., the beak of a ship; pi., the Rostra or speaker's platform in the Forum (adorned with the beaks of captured ships). ruber, bra, brum, adj., red; Rub-

um

rum mare,
Rufinus,
i,

the

Red Sea.

m., P. Cornelius Ruflnus, consul 290 B.C.

i,

reveho,

see

veho.

Rufus,

m., the

name

of a

Roman
consul

reverentia, ae [re

+ vereor]

f .,

family.
1.

respect, aioe, reverence.

M. Minucius
(Q.)

Rufus,

revertor, see *vert5. revoco, see voco,

rex, reg-is [rego], m., a king. Rex, Regis, m., Q, Mdrcins i?ex, consul 118 B.C.

221 B.C.
2.

Minucius Rufus, consul

110 B.C.
3. P. Sulpicius (Rufus), a partisan of Marius. rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptus, to break,

Rhea, ae, f., Rhea Silvia, of Romulus and Remus. Rhenus, i, m., the Rhine.

tlie

mother

destroy.

con corrumpS,
ruptus,
corrupt.
to

ere,

rupi,

Rhodanus, i, m., the Rhone. Rhodii, orum, pi. m., the Rhodlans,
the people of the island of Rhodes.

destroy; seduce, bribe,

ex erumpo,
tus,
forth.
to

Rhodopa,
Thrace.

ae,
f.,

f.,

a lofty mountain in

ere, rupi, rupbreak forth or out, burst

ere, rupi, rup-

Rhodus,

Rhodes, an island in the eastern part of the Mediterrai,

in
tus,

inrumpo,
to

break

in, fall

upon ;

inter-

nean Sea.
ripa, ae, f., the bank of a river. ripensis, e [ripa], adj., situated or
stationed on the banks of a river

rupt.

rursus or rursum
cf.

[orig.

revorsus

reverto], adv., back; again. rusticus, a, [rus, the country],

um

Dacia ripensis,

Dacia
to

on
ask,

the

adj.,

Danube. rog5, are, avi, atus,

of the country, rustic; as subst., rusticani, orum, pi. m.,

in-

countrymen.
Rutilius,
i,

quire; request, implore. ab abrogo, are, avi, atus,

m., P. Rutilius, consul

S.

to

90 B.C.

appeal; annul, abrogate.

Roma, ae, Romanus,

subst.,

f.,

Rome.

a, um, adj., Roman; as Romani, orum, pi. m., the

Sabini, orum, pi. m., the Sabines, a race in central Italy, adjoining Latium on the east.

Romans.

Sabinus,
i,

i,

m.,

Romulus,
Silvia

and

son of Rhea Mars, the founder of

m., the

Rome.
HAZ. EUTROPIUS

15

Oppius Sabinus, a Roman general slain by Dacians during the reign of Domitian.
1.

226

VOCABULARY
Salonae, arum,
pi. f
,

2. Q. Titurius {Sabinus), a lieutenant of Caesar. 3. (Flavins) Sabinus, brother of the emperor Vespasian. sacer, era, crum, adj., hohj, sacred as subst., .sacrum, i, n,, a holy thing, sacred vessel; pi. religious

a city in Dalto

matia. salts, are, avi, atus,

dance, leap.
[salus,

saluto,

are,

avi,

atus

health], to wish one health, greet,

salute, visit.

rites, sacrifices.

sacerdos, otis [sacer], m. and

priest, priestess.

f.,

Salvius, i, ra see Itilianus. salvus, a, um, adj., loell, sound.

,

safe,

Samnites, um, Gr.

tas,
pi.

ace. pi.

Samni-

sacramentum, i [sacro] ,n.,an oath.

*sacr6, are, avi, atus,
bless
;

m., the Samnites, a branch

to set

apart;

of the Sabine race inhabiting the

curse.

con consecro,

are, avi, atus,

Samnium,
Italy.

mountains southeast of Latium. i, n., a division of middle

to dedicate, consecrate, devote.

ex exsecror,
to curse,

ari,

atus sum,

abhor.

Ob obsecro,
to

are, avi, atus,

implore, supplicate.

saepe, adv., frequently, often. saevio, ire, ivi (ii), itus [saevus], to be fierce or cruel, rage ; punish
cruelly.

i, f ., an island in the Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Asia Minor. sanguinarius, a, [sanguis], adj., bloodthirsty, bloody, sangui-

Samus,

um

nary.

sanguis, inis, m., blood. Sapor, oris, m., the name of several
Persian kings.
1.

saevitia,
cruelty.

ae

[saevus],

f.,

fury,

saevus,
cruel.

a,

um,
adj.,

adj., raging, fierce,

2.

Sapor Sapor

I.,

II.,

240-273 a.d. 310-381 a.d.

Sardi,
of quick perception,

orum,

pi.

the Sardinians,

sagax, acis,
sagltta, ae, Sagittarius,
archer,

inhabitants of the island of Sardinia.

sagacious, keen-scented.
f.,
i

Sardica, ae,
Moesia.
m.,

f.,

a city

in

Lower

arroiv.

[sagitta],

an Sardinia, ae,
Italy.

f.,

Sardinia, an island

bowman. Saguntini, orum, pi. m., tants of Saguntum.

in the Mediterranean Sea, west of

the inhabi-

Sardinienses, ium,

pi. ni., the

Sa?^

Saguntum, i, n.

a city on the eastern

dijiians, inhabitants of the island of

coast of Spain, Sardinia. [sal, salt], adj., of Sarmatae, arum, pi. ni., the insalarius, a, salt, salty ; via Saldria, the road habitants of Sarmatia. Sarmatia, ae, f., Sarmatia, now the from Rome to Reate. Salassi, orum, pi. m., a people living eastern part of Poland and the in the Alps. southern part of Russia in Europe. Salinator, 6ris, m., M. Livius Sali- Saturninus, i, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants. nator, consul 210 B.C. Salle ntini, 6rum, pi. m., a people of saucid, are, avi, atus [saucius], to Calabria in southern Italy. wound.

um

..

VOCABULARY
Sauromatae, arum,
of Asia dwelling
pi, m., a people on the Tana'is. m., the Saxons.

227
pi.

Scordisci, orum,
people.

m., a Thracian
f.,

Saxones, um,

pi.

scriba, ae [scribo],
retary.

a clerk,

sec-

saxum.
ad
to

i,

u.,

a stone, rock, boulder.

*scand.6, ere,

ascendo,

to climb, mount. ere, i, scensus,

scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptus,

IV rite.

to

con conscendo,
sus, to mount, a.scend
vola, consul 117 B.C.

climb up, mount, ascend. ere, i, scen;

de describe, scriptus, to copy

scribe.

ere,
off,

scripsi,

sketch, de-

go on board.

Scaevola, ae, m., Q. Milcius Scaesceleratus, a, um [scelus], ivicked, infamous. scelus, eris, n., a sin, crime. scena, ae, f., a stage.
scientia, ae [scio],
skill.
f.,

pro proscribe, ere, scripsi, scriptus, to offer for sale ; proscribe, outlaw.

adj.,

knoivledge,

scilicet [scire

+ licet], adv., p^i?t^?/,

to

Scribonius, i, m., see Curio. scrinium, i,\\.,a case, box (especially for books and papers) Scythae, arum, pi. m., a wandering tribe of Europe and Asia north of the Black and Caspian Seas.
se, see sui.

of course, doubtless. scio, ire, scivi, scitus,

know,

sectio, onis,

f.,

sale

at

auction

understand
Scipio, onis, m., the
1.

of confiscated property

name

of one of

secundo [secundus],
second time.

adv., for the

the most illustrious families of

Rome.

2.

Cornelius Scipio, consul 83 B.C. Cn. Cornelius Scipio, consul 222

L. (Corneliu.s) Scipio, consul 259

secundus,
second
;

a,

um

[sequor], adj.,

favorable, successful.

B.C.
3.

Secundus, i, m., Petrdnius Secundum,

a partisan of Nerva. securitas, atis [securus, free from
care],
ity.
f.,

B.C.
4.

P. Cornelius Scipio, consul 218

P. Cornelius Scipio, consul 191

freedom from
;

care, secur-

B.C.
5.

sed, conj., but

yet.

sedeo, ere, sedi, sessus, to sit, G. P. Cornelius Scipio, praetor 94 settle, remain, be encamped. B.C. ob obsideo, ere, sedi, sessus, 7. P. Cornelius Scipio Africdnus, to besiege, occupy ; watch closely. consul 205 B.C., the conqueror of re reside, ere, sedi, to sit Hannibal in the First Punic War. back, remain sitting, be left behind,
B.C.

8. P. Cornelius Scipio Africdnus {Minor) consul 147 B.C. He brought the Third Punic War to a close by capturing and destroying Carthage. 9. L. Cornelius Scipio Asldyenes,
,

remain. sedes, is

[cf .

sedeo]

f.,

seat, chair

residence, abode.

seditio, onis [sed

f.,

+ itio,
,

from eo],

dissension, rebellion, revolt.

consul 83 B.C.

P. {Cornelius) Scipio Ndsica, consul 91 B.C.

10.

seditiose [seditio] adv., seditiously. Seleucia, ae, f.,

1.

A city

in Assyria.

228
2. 3.

VOCABULARY
A city in Cilicia.
A
city in Syria.

sepelio, ire, ivi bury, inter.

(li),

sepultus,

to

sella,

septem, indecl. num. adj., seven. ae [sedeo], f., a seat, chair. September, bris, m., September, the semel, adv., once. semlbarbarus,i, m., semi-barbarian. seventh month of the year beginsemper, adv., always. ning with March,

Sempronius,
consul
268

i,

m., P. Semprdnius,

septendecim
num. septennium,
indecl.
n.,
i,

[septem + decem]
adj., seventeen.
i

B.C.

See

Blaesus,

Gracchus. Sena, ae, f., a

[septem + annus],
Severus. [septem], num.

city in

Umbria

in

the space of seven years.

Septimius, Italy. senator, oris [senatus], m., a sen- Septimus,

ator.

m., see

a,

um

adj., seventh.
[cf.

senatus, us

senex], m., council septingentesimus, a, [septingenti, seven hundred], num. adj., of elders, senate, in the time of the seven hundredth. kings a mere advisory body, called together by the king when he de- septuagenarius, a, um [septuaginta], num. adj., of or belonging sired advice, but later the chief

um

to the number seventy. power in the Roman state. septuagesimus, a, um [septuasenectus, utis f senex], f., old age. ginta], num. adj., seventieth. senesco, ere, senui,, [senex], ^o septuaginta [septem], indecl. num. grow old.

con c5nsenesc6,

ere, senui,

adj., seventy.

to groio old.

sepultara, ae [sepeliS],
adj., old:

f.,

burial,

senex, gen. senis,

comp.

funeral.

maximus senior, elder; sup. (natu), eldest. As subst., senex, senis, m., an old man; seniores,
um,
pi.

Sequani, orum,
tribe in eastern

pi.

m.,an important Gaul north of the

to follow,

Rhone,

m., the elders

(men over 45).

of

sequor,
pursue

i,
;

seciitus sum,
ensue.

senior, see senex.

Senones, um,
Celtic Gaul.

pi.

m., a people

con consequor, i, secQtus sum, to pursue, overtake ; arrive;

in
to

Senones, um,

pi.

m., the chief city

obtain.

of the Senones.

insequor,

i,

secutus sum,

sententia, ae [senti5], f ., anopinion, ji(dgment ; sense, senti6,ire, sensi, sensus, to discern by sense, feel ; see, perceive.

pursue, folloio up.

Ob obsequor, i, secutus sum, to submit to, indulge in,

assist.

ad adsentor,
con

S.r!,

&tus sum,
sensi,

to assent, Jiatter,

fawn. c5nsenti6, ire,

sensus, to agree; conspire, plot. dress. Sentlus, i, m., Cn. Sejitius, a Roman general during the reign of the em- Serfipium,
peror Claudius.

per persequor, i, secQtus sum, to pursue, prosecute ; relate. pr6 prOsequor, i, secatus sum, to follow after, pursue, adi,

n.,

SerCipium, the temple

of Serapis.

VOCABULARY
Serdica, ae,

229

Upper f., a town in Moesia, the modern Sofia. Sergius, i, m., see Catilina. sericus, a, um, adj., of silk, silken. sermo, onis, m., talk, conversation,
discourse.

spoke of "so many times a hundred thousand sestertii" {centena mllia

sestertium)

severe [severus],
,

adv., sup.

seve-

*ser6,

ere, tus, to bind together. ad adserS, ere, ui, tus, to

,

rissime; strictly severely severissime, see severe. severitas, atis [severus], f.,
ness, severity, sternness.

strict-

claim, lay claim

to.

severus,
ere, ui, tus, to

a,

um,
m.,

adj., serious, strict,

con consero,
join in battle
to fight
;

harsh.

conserere manus,
hand.
ere,
ui,

Severus,
1.

i,

hand

to

(L.) Septimius Severus,

Roman

de desero,
leave,

tus, tus,

to

emperor 193-211 a.d.

2.

abandon, desert.
ere,
ui,
to

in

insero,

man emperor

(Flavins Valeriiis) Severus, Ro306-307 a.d.

sex, indecl. num. adj., six. fasten into; insert. Sertorius, i, m., Q, Sertorius, an Sex,, abbreviation of the praenomen Sextus. He officer in the army of Marias. went to Spain as propraetor in 82 sexagenarius, a, um [sexaginta], num. adj., belonging to sixty ; maior B.C. and maintained an independent sexagenario, older than sixty command until his death in 72 B.C. years. Servilius, i, m., Q. Servlliiis, consul [sexaginta], 305 B.C. See Caepio, Casca, sexagesimus, a, Vatia. num. adj., sixtieth. servio, ire, ivi (ii), itus, to be the sexaginta [sex] indecl. num. adj., sixty. slave of, devote one's self to; have [sexcenti], sexcentesimus, a regard to. Servius, i, m., see Tullius. num. adj., six hundredth. servitium, i [servus], n., slavery; sexcenti, ae, a [sex + centum], slaves. num. adj., six hundred. sexdecim or sedecim [sex + deservitus, utis [servus], f., slavery.

um

um

servo, are, avi, atus,

serve, watch.

to save,

pre-

cern], indecl. num. adj., sixteen.

con- conserve, are, avi, atus,

to

re

keep safe, preserve. reserve, are, avi, atus,

to

sexies [sex], num. adv., six times. Sextus, i, m., Sextus Chaeronensis, a teacher of Antoninus Pius, sextus, a, um [sex], num. adj.,
sixth.
si, conj., if

keep back, reserve, preserve. servus, i, m., a slave, servant. sese, see sui, sestertius, i [semis, /ia(/",+tertius], a sesterce, a small silver coin equivalent originally to two and one-half asses, but later worth about four cents. In naming large sums the Romans
m.,
(sc.

whether
f.,

quod
.

si,

but

if.

sic, adv., so, thus; sic

u.t, just as.

Sicilia, ae,

the island of Sicily.

pi.

nummus),

Siculi,

orum,

m., the inhabitants

Sidy.,

of Sicily.

sicut [sic
sido, ere,

+ ut],

just as.

to seat one's self, sit

down.

; ;

; ,

230
con consido,
sus,
to
sit

VOCABULARY
ere, sedi, sesI

make come
I

out

appear, arise, proto op-

down;

settle,

encamp,

ject, exist.

take a position.
I

re

resists, ere, stiti,

um
ae,
[orig.

sig-niflcS, are, avi,

atus [signum
sigjis,

pose, loithstand, resist.

faci6J, to make point out, indicate.

shoio

situs, a,

part,

of

sino],

ml}., placed, situate, lying.

signuiu,
Silanus,
family.
1.

i,

n., sign,
;

signal; military
statue, image.

Smyrna,

standard, ensign
i,

flourishing

f., one of the most and important sea-ports

m., a celebrated

Roman

2.
10<)

D. lunius Silanus, consul 62 b.c. M. lunius Silanus, consul

B.C.

of Asia Minor. socer, eri, m.., father-in-law. socialis, e [socius], adj., social. socius, i, m., a comrade, ally, con-

federate.

Silvanus, i, m., a Roman who revolted in Gaul during the reign of the emperor Constantius.
Silvia, see
similis, e,

socordia, ae,
ness
;

f.,

dullness,

careless-

laziness, indolence.

sol, solis, m., the

sun

Sol, Soils,
loneliness;

Rhea,
adj.,

m., the Sun-god.

sup.

simillimus
;

solitudo, inis [solus],

f.,

like, similar.

lonely place, ivilderness.

simul, adv., at the same time

simul

sollers, ertis, adj., skillful, expert.

sollicito, are, avi,
agitated],
solicit.

atque

or ac, as soon as.

atus [soUicitus,
incite,

sine, prep, with abl., without.

to

urge,

tempt,
agi-

Sing-ara, ae,

f .,

a city

in

Mesopotamia,

on the Tigris. singularis, e [singuli], adj., one by one, single, individual ; remarkable,
singular, unparalleled.

sollicitudo,
tated],
f
.,

inis

[sollicitus,

uneasiness of miml, care,

anxiety.

solum,

i,

n., the

ground,

soil.

singuli, ae, a, adj., one at a time, one

apiece, single.

solum

[solus], adv., only.

s51us, a,
adj., left.

um,

gen. solius, dat. soli,

to loose

sinister, tra,

trum,

adj., 0)1 ly, alone.

sino, ere, sivi, situs, to put, place;

solvo, ere, solvi, solutus,

set sail
;

permit,

let.

a^inul
es,

pay
f.,

unseal, open.

de desino,
to cease, stop.

ere, sivi

(ii),

situs,

Sophanene,
division of

or

Sophene, a

Armenia Maior.

Sinope, es, f., a city in Paphlagonia, soror, oris, f., a sister. Sp., abbreviation of the praenomen on the Black Sea. Spurius. Sipylus, i, m., a mountain in Lydia. Sirmium, i, n., a city in Lower Pan- Spartacus, i, m., a Roman gladiator who led an insurrection of gladiators nonia. sisto, ere, stiti, status, to cause to and slaves, 73 b.c. spatiSsus, a, um [spatium, space] stand, place, set ; stand.

con consists,
stop, halt
;

ere, stiti,,

to

adj.,

roomy, of great extent, ample,

stand, take position (of an army).;

be firm, endure, continue.

extensive.

*speci6, ere, spexi,

to look.

(obsolete),

ex exsisto,

ere, stiti,

to

; ;

VOCABULARY
ad adspicio, ere, spexi, spectus,
to look at,

231
i,

pro prostituo, ere,

to set

utus,

con
see.

examine, inspect. conspicio, ere, spexi,

to

forth in public, expose; disto

spectus,

catch

sight

of,

spij;

honor, prostitute, offer for sale. re restituo, ere, i, utus,

set
to

up again,

replace, restore, re-

spectaculum, i [specto,
a shoiv, spectacle. specto, are, avi, atus
n.,

look at],
[freq.

of

*speci6],

to

look at, loatch, behold.

are, avi, atus, wait for, await. speculator, oris, m., a spy. spes, ei, f., hope, exspectation.
to look out for,

ex exspecto,

instate ; repair, remedy, save. status, us [sto], m., state, position, rank. Stella, ae, f., a star. stercus, oris, n., dung, excrement,

manure. sterno, ere, stravi, stratus,

loio,

to lay

scatter

pave.

stilus, i, m., stilus, pen. spolium, i, n., spoil, booty. spondeo, ere, spopondi, sponsus, stipendiarius, a, um [stipendium] adj., tributary paying tribute. to promise. responded, ere, i, spon- stipendium, i [stips, gift + pendo], re n., a payment ; salary, pay ; camsus, to answer, reply ; corre.'tpond
,

to,

agree

ivith.

sponte

[abl. of
;

spons,

obs.],

f.,

vol-

paign. stipes,
trunk.

itis,

m., a log, stock, post,

with mea, tua, or sua, of t'ly, your, or his own free will. stadium, i, n., a stade, stadium, furlong, G065 English feet; a course for
untarily foot races ; race course ; Stadium, the race course built by Domitian. statina [sto], adv., instantly, at
once.

*st6, are, steti, status, to stand,

take the part of, staiid firm

tinue.

con-

static, onis [sto],

f.,

stativus, a,
7ient,

um

[sto],
;

stationary

a picket, guard. adj.,penncastra stativa,

a permanent camp. statua, ae [sto], a statue, image. *statu6, ere, i, utus [sto], to cause stolide, adv., stupidly, stolidly, strangulo, are, avi, atus, to stranto stand, set up, place ; determine gle, throttle, kill. determine on; ai^ange, appoint. con constituo, ere, i, utus, Stratonice, es, f., a city in Caria in Asia Minor. to set up, erect ; set in order, organ[strenuus], adv., sup. strenue ize ; arrange, appoint ; resolve. strenuissime, vigorously de destituo, ere, i, utus, to strenuissime, see strenue. set doion, deposit. instituo, ere, i, utus, to set strenuus, a, um, adj., brisk, active, in vigorous. in place, arrange ; found, establish determine, undertake, begin ; train, strictim, adv., superficially, summa^

are, stiti, to stajul hand. insto, are, stiti, staturus, in to draw near, be present; press on, pursue. praesto, are, stiti, stiprae tus, to show ; bestow, supply ; surpass ; be preferable ; do, perform. Stoicus, a, um, adj.. Stoic.
,

ad asto,

at, be at

teach.

rily, briefly.

; ,

232
stude5, ere,
try
;

VOCABULARY
ui,

to be eager, take
to
;

pains about, pay attention

favor.

wish,
adv.,

Suevi, modern Bavaria and Wurtemberg.

the

sui, gen., sibi, dat., se (sese), ace.

eager"],

studiose [studiosus,
eagerly, zealously.

and

abl., reflex, pron., sing,

and

pi.,

himself, herself, itself, themselves.

n., zeal,

studium,
siasm ;

[studeo],

enthu;

desire, pursuit, study

good

will, affection.

Sulla, ae, m., L. Cornelius Sulla, surnamed Felix, consul 88 B.C. Sulpicius, i, m.,
1.

stupro, are, avi, atus [stuprum],

debauch, dishotior. stuprum, i, n., debauchery, ment, dishonor. suadeo, ere, suasi, suasus,
to

C. Sulpicius, dictator 304 B.C.

P. Sulpicius, consul 279 B.C. 3. P. Sidpicius, consul 211 B.C. defileSee Rufus. to ad- sum, esse,fui, futurus, to be, exist, live; with gen., belonging to, be a vise, urge, exhort. sub, prep, with ace, under, towards, part of; be true, be so ; happen, take place; with dat., /laye, possess. until, after; with abl., under, be2.

neath, at the foot the reign of. subiciS, see *iaci6.

of, close

to; in

ab absum,
be

esse, afui,

to

away or absent, be far from; prope abesse, to be at no great

distance, be near.

subigo, see ag5, subito [subitus], adv., suddenly. subitus, a, um [subeo], adj., sudden, unexpected.

in

insum, inesse, infui,

fui,

to

be in or
to be

on ; belong to. inter intersum, esse,

present
at,

subiugo, are, avi, atus [sub + iugum], to bring under the yoke;
subject, subjugate.

take part in.

rule, gov-

prae

praesum, praeesse, fui,

;

to be over or before

sublatus, see tollo.

ern,, be

submoveo,

see

moveo.

command of. pro prosum, prodesse, proin

subtilis, e, adj., nice, precise, accurate, subtle.

fui,

suburbanus,
near the
city,

a,

um

[urbs], adj.,

super supersum, esse, fui, to be over and above, remain;

,

to benefit, profit, aid.

summus, see superus. sumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptus, to succedo, see cedo. successor, oris [succedS], m., a use up, spend. con consume, ere, sumpsi, follower, successor. siimptus, to use up ; devour, waste successus, us [succedo], m., favorable outcome, success.

suburban. subvenid, see venio.

survive, outlire.

sudor, oris [sudo,

sweat
;

to

sweat], m.,

destroy; spe7id, pass ; use, employ resume, ere, sumpsi, re

fatigue. Suessa, ae, f., Suessa Pometia, a city

of the Volsci, in Latiura.

sumptus,

to

take up again, take

back, resume.

siimptus, as [silmS], m., outlay,

expense.

Suevi, 5rum,
of

pi.

m., a confederacy

German
ae,

tribes.
f.,

supellex or supellectilis,
household
stuff,

is,

f.,

Sue via,

Suevia, the laud of

furniture.

VOCABULARY
super, prep, with ace, over, above, upon, in addition to; with abl., over, above, upon, on ; about, of,
concerning.
followers,
zens.
soldiers

233
or the
fellow-citi-

Symiasera, ae,
Heliogabalus.

f.,

mother of

superbia, ae [superbus],
tiness, pride.

f .,

haugh- Syphax, acis, m., a king of Numidia.

superbus,

a,

um,

adj.,

haughty,

Syracusani, orum,

proud, august. superfluus, a,

adj.,

pi. m., the inhabitants of Syracuse, a Greek city

um [super + fluo], in Sicily. running over, superfluous; un- Syracusanus,

ing
to to

a,

um,
;

adj., belong-

necessary.

Syracuse
f .,

urbs Syractl-

superior, see superus. supers, are, avi, atus [super],

sana, the
Syria, ae,

city of Syracuse.

Syria, a country of Asia,

pass over or around, overcome, conquer ; survive.

on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

supersum,

see

sum.

superus, a, um [super], adj., above, on high; comp., superior, ius,

upper,
a,

Syriacus, a, um, adj., belonging to Syria, Syrian ; Syriacumbellum,

Syro-Aetolian war, 192-189 b.c.

higher,
;

earlier,
;

superior;

victorious

elder

sup.

summus,
T.

um,

highest, chief, utmost.

supervenio, see venio. T., abbreviation of the praenomen supplicium, i [supplex, a suppliTitus. ant], n., punishment y execution, tabula, ae, f., a board, plank; pictorture.

ture (sc. picta, painted); writing

tablet; record,
list.

supra, adv. and prep, with ace,

above, over, before, on.

Tacitus,!, m., {M. Claudius) Tacitus,

of

Surena, ae, m., a general

Parthiaus
54 B.C.

the

who

defeated Crassus in

Taifali,

Roman emperor 275-276 a.d. orum, pi. m., a tribe

Dacia.
i, n., a measure

of

suscipio, see capio.

talentum,
[orig.

talent,

suspectus,
suspicio],
pected.

a,

um

part, of

money
SHOO.

worth

a Greek about a kind;

. .

adj.,

mistrusted,

sus-

talis, e, adj., swc^, of such

to suspect],

suspicio, onis [suspici5,

f.,

talis

qualis, such,

as.

distrust, suspicion.

tam,
.
.

adv., to such a degree, so

. .
.

much,
as

sustineo, see teneo.

sustuli, see tollo. Sutrini, orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of Sutrium, a city in Etruria
in Italy.

as much, so ; tam . so, not only

.
.

quam,

but also.

tamen,
all
less.

adv., yet,

the same,

still, for all that, however, neverthe-

suus,

a,

um
pi.

[sui], pron. adj., his

tamquam,
as though.

adv. and conj., as, as

at

if,

oion, her oion, its

own, their own;

as subst., sui,

his, her, its, their;

tandem,
finally.

adv.,

length,

at

last,

orum,

m., his (their) friends.

234
*tang6,

VOCABULARY
templum, i, n., a sacred spot ;
tempto, are, avi, atus
temple.
of
at[freq.

ere, tetigi, tactus, to touch; reach to. ad attingo, ere, tigi, tactus,

to

border

07i,

touch, attain.

tendo], to touch, handle; try, tempt ; sound, try to win over.

con contingo,

ere, tigi, tac-

tempus,
son
;

tus, to touch, reach ; occur, happen to. tantum [tantus], adv., so much (and

oris, n., time, period, seor opportunity, occasion. tenax, acis [teneo], adj., holding

fast, tenacious ; firm, steadfast, perno more), only, merely. sistent. tantus, a, um, adj., so great, such. Tarentini, orum, pi. m., the inhabi- tendo, ere, tetendi, tentus, and tensus, to spread out, stretcli ; intants of Tarentum. sidias tendere, to lay a trap for, Tarentum, i, n., a flourishing Greek plot against. city on the southern coast of Italy. con contends, ere, i, tentus, Tarquinius, i, m., the name of a gens to stretch; exert one's self, strive, in early Rome, said to have come insist ; hasten, march quickly. from Etruria. ob(s) ostendo, ere, i, tentus, 1. {L.) Tarquinius Priscus, the to stretch out, show; produce, furfifth king of Rome, 616-578 B.C. nish ; disclose, make known. 2. L. Tarquinius Superbus, the son of Priscus, the last king of teneo, ere, ui, tentus, to hold, keep, possess; maintain, guard, defend; Rome, 534-510 B.C.

3. 4.

{Sextus) Tarquinius, son of

(L.)

(2).

seize.

Tarquinius

Colldtinus,

cousin of (3), and husband of Lucretia, consul 509 B.C. Tarraco, onis, f., a city in Spain. Tarsus, i, f ., a city in Cilicia in Asia

ere, ui, tentus, hold back or from; keep aloof from; refrain from, abstain. con contineo, ere, ui, tentus,
to

ab abstineo,

to

hold,

keep,

contain;

restrain,

Minor.

rule, curb.
pi.

Tauromenitani, 6rum,

m., the

ob obtineo,
to hold, possess
;

ere, ui, tentus,

rule, govern.

inhabitants of Tauronienium, a city on the eastern coast of Sicily.

re
to

retineo,

ere, ui, tentus,

(back)
;

Taurus,

i,

m., a mountain range in

hold or

keep

retain,

Asia Minor. taxo, are, avi, at us [freq. of tango]

touch sharply, harass, vex. tectorium, i [tego, to cover]
to
n.,

detain.

sub(s) sustineo, ere, ui, tentus, to hold up, support, sustain; bear, endure, holdin check, restrain.
ter,

covering, cover; plastering.

num.

adv., three times.

i,

Telesinus,

i,

m., Pontius Teleslnus,

of the Samnites in the
Sulla.

Terentius,

m., see

Varro.

commander war against

f.,

tergum,

i,

n.,

the back;

tergum

See Notes,

p. 162.

vertere,

to flee.

temeritas, atis [temere, rashly],

rashness, heedlessness, temerity.

i, n., the end, boundary. terra, ae, f., the earth; land; territory, country. tempestas, atis [tempusj, f., point of time, period of time ; storm, tem- terrester, trls, tre [terra], adj., of the earth or land. pest.

terminus,

VOCABULARY
terribilis,

235

e [terreo],

a.d].,

frightful,

tiro, 6nis, m., a recruit; beginner.

dreadful.

territorium, i [terra], tory, domain.

,

n.,

terri-

terror, oris [terred], m.,fear, terror. tertio [tertius] num. adv., the third
time.

Titurius, i, m., see Sabinus. Titus,!, m., T. Flavius Sabinus Vespasidnus, Roman emperor 79-81 a.d. toga, ae, f., the toga, the characteristic

outer robe of the Romans.

a,
;

togatus,

um
up
i,
;

[toga] adj., clad in

,

tertius, a,
third.

um

[cf.

tres], num. adj.,

m., a people of

peaceful garb, unarmed. toUo, ere, sustuli, sublatus, to lift,

the toga
i7i

Tervingi, orum,
Dacia.

pi.

raise, take

remove, abolish.

Tolumnius,
i

m., (Lar) Tolumnius,

testamentum,
n.,

[testis,

a witness],

leader of the Veientes.

pi. m., a city in Lower Tetricus, i, m., (C Pesuviu^) TetriMoesia. Torquatus, i, m., cus, one of the Thirty Tyrants. Teutobodus, i, m., a leader of the 1. (T.) Mdnlius Torquatus, dicta-

a will, testament.

Tomi, 5rum,

Cimbri.

tor 353 B.C.

2.

Teutones, um, pi. m., the Teutones, a Germanic people which with the

T.

Mdnlius Torquatus, consul

235 B.C.

Cimbri invaded Italy, but were de- torquis, is, m., a twisted collar, neckfeated by Marius, 102 B.C. lace. Theodora, ae, f., the wife of Con- tot, indecl. adj., so many. totus, a, um, gen. totius, dat. toti, stant us.
i

thermae, arum,
Thessalia, ae,
Greece.

pi. f.,

warm

baths.

adj., all, all the, the whole, entire.

f.,

Thessaly, a large

tracts,

are,
,

avi,

atus

[freq.

of

district in the northeastern part of

traho] to treat. tractus, as [traho], m., a

tract.

stretch,

Thessalonica, ae,
donia.

f.,

a city in Mace-

Thracia, ae,

Thrace, a large district in the southeastern part of Europe, between the Aegean Sea, Macedonia, and the Black Sea. Tiberis, is, ra., the river Tiber. Tiberius, i, m., Tiberius (Claudius
f.,

trado, see do. tragicus, a, um [tragoedia],

of tragedy, tragic. tragoedia, ae, f., tragedy. traho, ere, traxi, tractus,

adj.,

Nero),

Roman emperor
is,

14-37 a.d.

to draw, drag; detain. con contrahS, ere, traxi, tractus, to draw together, collect,

m., king of Armenia, son-in-law of Mithradates, 96-56 B.C. Tigranocerta, ae, f., the capital city

Tigranes,

assemble.

de detraho,
'

ere, traxi, tracstrip off,

tus,
drag.

to

draw or

remove;

of

Armenia Maior.

Tigris, idis, m., the Tigris, a river in

dis distraho, ere, traxi, tractus,

to

Mesopotamia. timeo, ere, ui, to fear, be anxious. timor, oris [timeo] m.,fear, a cause

ex extrahS,
waste.

pull asunder, part, separate. ere, traxi, trac;

tus, to draw or pull out

prolong,

of fear.

286

VOCABULARY

pro protraho, ere, traxi, Triballi, orum, pi, m., a Thracian tractus, to draw forth, bring forpeople of Lower Moesia. tribunus, i [tribus], m., chief of a ward, produce ; discover, disclose.
traicio, see *iaci5.
tribe,

tribune

tribunus militum
officers of

Traianus,
tranquille

i,

m., (M.) Ulpius Grlnitus

or militaris, military tribune, captain,

Trdidnus, Roman emperor 98-117 a.d. [tranquillus], adv.,

calmly, tranquilly.

one of the minor

six in

legion,

number; tribunus

Tranquillina, ae, the wife of the emperor Gordianus. tranquillitas, atis [tranquillus] f ., calmness, stillness ; Tranquillitas, atis (as title of emperor), Serene
,

plebis, tribune of thepeople, elected from the plebeians. The office was
created in 494 b.c. to protect the
plebeians from the patricians.

Ten

were elected annually. Their persons were sacred.

tribunes

Highness. tranquillus, a, una,

ful, tranquil.

tribuo, ere,
2k&].,

i,

utus

[tribus], to asi,

calm, peace-

sign, grant, give.

dis
,

distribuo, ere,
us
[cf.

utus,

to

trans, prep, with ace. across, beyond,

over.

divide, distribute, apportion.

tribus,

tres],f., a tribe (orig.

[trans + transalpinus, a, um a third part of the people). Alpes] adj., across the Alps, trans- tributum, i [tribuo], n., a tax,
,

trib-

alpine.

ute.

transeo, see eo. transfers, see fero. transfug-a, ae [transfugiS,

over], m,, a deserter.

tricesimus,
to flee

a,

um
,

[triginta],

num.

adj., thirtieth.

tricies [triginta]
times.

num.

adv., thirty

transgredior, see *gradior. transigo, see ago.

transitorius, a, [transeo], adj., adapted for passing through, having a passage way ; forum Transi-

Tricipitinus,

i,

m.,

Sp.

Lucretius

Tricipitinus, consul 509 B.C.

um

triclinium,
sofa.

i, n,, a couch for three persons reclining at meals, a dinner

torium. transmarinus, a, um mare], adj., beyond the

Trebellianus,
Tyrants.
i,

triduum,
[trans
sea.

[tres

+ dies],
+

n.,

the

space of three days, three days. triennium, i [tres annus], n.,the

m., one of the Thirty

Trebia, ae, f., a river in Cisalpine Gaul, where the second battle of the Second Punic War was fought.

space of three years, three years. triginta, indecl. num. adj., thirty. Tripolitanus, a, um. adj., belonging
to Tripolis;

tripolitana provincia,

the province of Tripolis, in northern

trecentesimus, a, um [trecenti], num. adj., three hundredth.

trecenti, ae, a
[tres -f

Africa.
tristis, e, adj., sad, sorroiofid; stern,
strict, severe.

centum]

triticum, i, n., icheat. num. adj., three hundred. Tremellius, i, m., a Roman quaestor triumphs, are, avi, atus,

to

cele-

who conquered
tres, tria,

Pseudoperses.
adj., three.

brate a triainph.

num.

triumphus,

i,

ra.,

triumph,

VOCABULARY
splendid

237

procession in which

the
city-

tium, about ten miles southeast of

victorious general entered the

spoil

Rome,
tutor, oris [tueor], m., a guardian,
tutor.

accompanied by his soldiers and the and captives he had taken. The procession passed around the Capitoline Hill into the Via Sacra, then into the Forum, and up to the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.
Troia, ae, f., Troij, a city in the northwestern part of Asia Minor,

tdtus, a, tuus, a,
yours.

um [tueor], adj., safe. um [tu], pron. adj., your,

a,

tyrannicus,
tyrannical.

um

[tyrannus], adj.,
f.,

tyrannis, idis [tyrannus],

the

renowned for
the Greeks.

its

ten years' siege by

sway of a

tyrant, arbitrary power,

despotic rule.

trux, trucis, adj., wild, savage, stern. tu, tui, pi. vos, vestram or vestri,
pers. pron., thou, you.

tyrannus,

i,

m., a ruler, tyrant.

tueor,
in

eri,

tatus or tuitus sum,

;

U.
to

look at, watch

defend, protect.
eri, itus

intueor,

sum,

to

ubi, adv., where, as soon as.

when ; ubi primum,

look closely at or upon, gaze at.

Tugurini, or Tigurini, orum,

m., a Helvetian people
Italy with the Cimbri

pi.

ubicumque, adv., wherever. ubique [ubi + que], adv., anywhere.

a,

who invaded uUus,

adj.,

um,

gen. ullius, dat.

tllli,

and Teutones.

any.

TuUius,

i,

sixth king of

TuUus,

i,

m., Servius Tullius, the Rome, 578-534 B.C. m., see Hostilius.
;

Ulpianus,i, m., (Domitius) Ulpidnus, a celebrated Roman jurist. Ulpius, 1, m., see Traianus.
ulterior, ius, gen. oris [ultra], adj., further, remoter; sup. ultimus, farthest, last, utmost, greatest. ultio, onis [ulciscor, to avenge], f.,
revenge.

turn, adv., then, at that time upon.

there-

tumultuor, ari, atus sum [tumultus], to make a disturbance, riot. tumultus, as, m., a disturbance, uproar
;

rebellion, riot.

tumulus, i [tumeo, to sweW], hillock, mound, hill.

tunc, adv., then,
ingly, thereupon.

m., a

ultra, prep, with ace, on the further side, beyond.

umquam,

adv., at

any

time, ever;

at that time; accord-

usually with a negative,

a, um [undecim, num. adj., eleventh. ung-uentum, i [unguo, to anoint],

undecimus,
[turba,

turbo, are, avi, atus

turpis, e,
able.
adj.,

eleven],

croivd], to disturb, confuse.

ugly

base, dishonor-

n.,

ointment, unguent, perfume.

turris,

is, f., a tower. Tusci, orum, pi. m., the Etruscans,

unguis, is, m., a nail, hoof, claw. unic [Unicus], adv., alone, singly,
uniquely.

inhabitants of Etruria.

Gnicus, a,
sole, single

um
;

[unus], adj., only,

Tuscia, ae,

f.,

Etruria, a division of
n.,

central Italy.

universus,

a,

uncommon. um [unus -{- *verto],

Tusculum,

i,

an old town

in La-

adj., all in one, whole, entire.

238
unus,
a,

VOCABULARY
um,
gen. anius, dat. uni,

Valens, entis, m.,

1.

adj., one, only, sole, alone.

(F.) Valens, consul 96 a.d.

urbs, urbis, f., a city ; The City (Rome). urna, ae [iiro, to burn], f., a vessel, nrn (of baked clay). Uscudama, ae, f., a city in Thrace.

Valens, emperor of the East, 364-378 A.D.

2.

Valeria, ae,
tian

f., daughter of Diocleand wife of Galerius. Valerianus, i, m.,

usque,

adv., all the loay, right on,

1.

(P.)

continuously, even. asurpo, are, avi, at us

Roman emperor
[usus +
enjoy
2.

Licinius Valerianus, 253-260 a.d.

(P.) Licinius Valerianus, son

i, m., the name of a Roman See Corvinus, Laevinus,

rapio],
usurp.

to

make

use

of,

of (1).

Valerius,
gens.

usus, us [utor], m., use, employment; experience, training; profit,

advantage, convenience. usus, a, um, see utor.
ut,
adv.,
interrog.,

Messala, Publicola. valetudo, inis [valeo,

f.,

to he

weW],

health (good or bad), sickness,

howf
;

in

what
.

way?
that;

rel., as,

just as
ita,,

since, seeing
. .

weakness. validus, a,

um
n.,

[valeo,

to be welt],

ut

just as

so.

adj., strong, healthy, effective.

ut, conj.,

(1)

primum,
subj.
of

as

with ind., lohen; ut soon as; (2) with

in

vallum,
wall.

i,

stockade,

rampart,

purpose,

order

that,

Vandali, orum,

that

of result, so that, that.

uterque, traque, trumque [uter

+ que], adj., each (of two), both. utor, uti, usus sum, to make use of, employ ; enjoy ; have, possess ; associate with, be intimate with. utrimque [uterque], adv., from or on both sides, on either hand. uxor, oris, f., a wife. [uxor], adj., of a uxorius, a,

\i\. ra., Vandals, a confederacy of German peoples that invaded Italy in the fifth century A. D.

varie [varius], adv., variously. varius, a, um, adj., diverse, various.

Varro, onis, m., 1. M. (Terentius) Varro, a. legate of Pompey in Spain, where he was defeated by Caesar.
2.

um

P. (C.) Terentius Farro, consul

21(5

wife.

219 and

b.c.
i,

V. V. = 5. vacuus,
adj.,

Varronianus, varus, i, m.,

consul 363 a.d.

Q. Varus, one of the

[vaco, to he empty], a, empty, unoccupied. *vad6, ere, to go, rush.

um

leaders of the

Pompeian party at
n.,

the battle of Thapsus.

vas, vasis

(pi.

vasa, orum),
f.,

ex evado,

ere, vasi, v.sus,

vessel, dish.

to go forth or aioay ; get away, escape; get to be, become. in invado, ere, vasi, vasus, to

vastitas, atis [vasto],

tion.

devasta-

vasts, are, avi, atus,

devastate, destroy.

to lay

waste^
Vatia,

enter

attack; seize, take posses-

sion of.

Vatia, ae, m., P. ServiUus

vagor,

ari,

atus sum,

to loander.

surnaraed Isauricus, consul 79 B.C.

VOCABULARY
Vecta, ae,
of Wight.
f,,

239

an island

off the south-

con convenio, ire, veni, ventus,

to come together, assemble ; be agreed upon, be suitable. ex evenio, ire, veni, ventus, to turn out, come to pass. in invenio, ire, veni, ventus, to come upon, find, discover. inter interveniS, ire, veni, ventus, to come upon, appear, in-

ern coast of England,

now

the Isle
earnest],
;

vehementer [vehemens,
exceedingly.

adv., earnestly, seriously, severely

vehiculum,
carriage.

[veho],

n.,

a vehicle,
to

veho, ere, vexi, vectus,

carry, convey

bear,

or

; in pass, with navi equo, to sail, ride. ex eveho, ere, vexi, vectus,

tervene.

per pervenio,
tus,
to

come

to,

ire, veni, venreach; penetrate,

to lift, raise, elevate.

attain

in
to

inveli5, ere, vexi, vectus,

to
;

prae praevenio,
to

to.

ire,

veni,

carry in or

in pass., ride into,

ventus,

come

before, get start of,

sail into.

anticipate, outstrip.

re
to

reveho, ere, vexi, vectus,

sub subvenio, ire, veni, ventus,

to

carry hack, bring back, return. Veientani, orum, pi. m., the inhabitants of Veil.

come
to

to help, aid, assist.

super supervenio,
ventus,

ire, veni,

come

to the rescue, ar-

Veientes, ium,
Veil.

pi.

m., the people of

rive; surpass.

venter,
pi.

tris, m., the

stomach; appe-

Veii,

orum,

m., Veil, a powerful

tite.

town in Etruria, about twelve miles Ventidius, i, m., see Bassus. verbero, are, avi, atus [verber, from Rome. lash], to whip, scourge, beat. vel [old. imperative of volo], adv. and conj., even; or, or else; vel vere [verus, true], adv., truly,
.

vel, either

or.
f.,

really.

venditio, onis [vendo],

sale, auction.

an auction vereor,

eri,

itus

sum,

to fear,

dread,

respect.

vendo, ere,

didl, ditus [contr. from

,

venumdo] to sell. venenum, i, n., poison.

venerabilis, e [veneror],
erable, reverend.
adj., ven-

Vergilianus, a, um, adj., Vergilian; Vergilianus versus, a verse from the Aeneid of Vergil. Verona, ae, f., an important town in
Cisalpine Gaul.

*vert6, ere, i, versus, to turn, change ; in pass., turn about, return. eration, reverence. ab averts, ere, i, versus, to veneror, ari, atus sum, to loorship, turn away or aside, avert, divert. revere, respect, honor. con converts, ere, i, versus, Venetia, ae, f., a district at the head to turn round, change ; turn, direct of the Adriatic Sea. divert, misuse. venia, ae, f., favor, grace, kindex everts, ere, i, versus, to ness.

veneratio, 5nis [veneror],

f.,

ven-

veniS, ire, veni, ventus,

go.

to

come,

overturn, destroy, ruin.

re reverter, i, reverti or (less

;,

;;

240
often)

VOCABULARY
reversus sum,
to

return
line,

Victoali,
people.

orum,

pi.

m., a West Gothic

revert, recur.

versus,
verse.

us

[verto],
true'],

m., a
adv.,

victor, oris [vinco] m., a conqueror

,

as adj., victorious.

verum

[verus,
;

truhj,

victoria, ae [vinco],

f.,

victory.

certainly

hut.

Victorinus,

i,

m., one of the Thirty

f.,

Verus, i, m., see Antoninus. Vespasianus, i, m., {T. Flavins)

Vespasidnus,
A.D.

Tyrants. victrix, icis [vinco],

ous.

a victress, a
adj., victori-

Roman emperor
evening.

70-79

female conqueror ; as

vespera, ae,

f.,

vespillo, onis, m., a corpse hearer. Vestalis, e, adj., pertaining to the

goddess Vesta. vester, tra, trum, pron. adj., your, viginti, indecl. num. adj., twenty. yours ; Vestra (as title of emperor) vilis, e, adj., cheap, common, worth^^Your Serene Highness.'^ vestis, is, f., clothing, garments; a less. vilissime, see viliter. rohe. veto, are, ui, itus, not allow, forhid. viliter [vilis], adv., sup. vilissime; Vetranio, onis, m., a commander of at a low price, cheaply. the legions in Illyria who was pro- villa, ae, f., a country house, farm, claimed emperor by the troops. villa. Vettius, i, m., T. Vettivs, a leader of Viminacium, i, n., a town in Upper Moesia. the Marsi in the Marsic war. Veturia, ae, f., the mother of Cori- Viminalis, e [vimen, an osier], adj., olanus. of osiers ; as subst., Viminalis, is, Veturius, i, m., 7\ Veturius, consul m. (so. collis), the Viminal Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome. 321 B.C. Vetus, eris, m., consul with Valens, vincio, ire, vinxi, vinctus, to hind,

vicus, i, m., a town, village. video, ere, vidi, visus, to see, perceive, understand ; in pass., .seem. in invideo, ere, vidi, visus, to look askance at, envy.

% A.D.

fetter.

vetus, eris, adj., old, aged; of a vinco, ere, vici, victus, to conquer, intrans., defeat; surpass: p?'eformer time, ancient. Via, ae, f., a way, road, journey; vail. con convince, ere, vici, vicpassage. (Vibulanus, i), m., C. Fahius (Vihutus, to overcome ; convict, refute
Idnus) consul for the third time 479
B.C.

expose.

His praenomen given as Kaeso.

a,

is

generally
to

de devinc5, ere, vici, victus,

conquer completely, subdue. Vindelici, orum, pi. m., a people dwelling in the Roman province of Vindelicia, south of the Danube. vindico, are, avi, atus [vis dico], to claim; liberate; avenge, take vengeance on.

vicesimus,

um

[viginti],

num.

adj., twentieth.

vicinus, a, [vicus], adj., near, neighboring vicissim [vicis, alternation], adv.,

in turn.

um

VOCABULARY
vinea, ae, f., a plantation of vines, vineyard ; vine. vir, viri, va.,a man; hero; husband.
vires, see vis, virga, ae, f., a rod.

241

vitium, i, n., a fault, vice. vivo, ere; vixi, to live. vivus, a, um [vivo], adj.,

living,

alive.

vix,

adv.,

with

difficulty,

hardly,

Virginius,
1,

i,

in.,

scarcely.

L. (T.) Virginias, consul 479

(L.) Virginius, father of

B.C.
2,

voco, are, avi, atus [vox], to call, summon ; rouse ; name. Virex evoco, are, avi, atus, to

ginia,

a maiden wliose attempted

call out,

suminon.
avi, atus,
to

enslavement by Appius Claudius led to the overthrow of the decemvirs

consul 449 b.o.

pro provoco, are,

to challenge.

re
girl,

revoco,

are, avi, atus,

Virgo, inis,
virgin.

f.,

a young

maiden,

recall, recover.

volo, velle, volui,

i,

to be willing,

Viriathus,
rate

m., a celebrated Lusita-

tcish.

nian chief

who maintained a sepacommand against the Romans

magis

malo,
to

malle, malui,

to

for several years,

ne

wish, rather, prefer. nolo, nolle, nolui,

to be

viridis, e, adj., green, fresh, new.

unwilling, not

wish, not to want.

Viridomarus, i, m., a leader of the Volsci, orum, pi. m., an ancient Gauls who was slain by Marcellus. tribe living in the south of Latium. viritim [vir], adv., man by man, Volumnia, ae, f., the wife of Corioseparately, individually.
lanus.

virtus,

utis [vir], f,, manliness, valor; goodness; virtue.

voluntarius,
{idj.,

a,
will,

um

[voluntas],

vis, gen.
abl. VI,

and
f.,

dat. ^'anting, ace.

vim,

voluntary. voluntas, atis [vol6], f., will, desire,

of free

strength, force
;

hostile

inclination.

force, violence
pi.

quantity,

number; Volusianus,

vires, energy, vigor, resources;

peror Gallus.

vim facere, to use violence. the title Viscellinus, i, m., Sp. Cassius {VisA.D. and Augustus in 252 a.d. celllnus), the first master of the voracitas, atis, f., greediness, ravvita,

m., son of the emHis father conferred of Caesar upon him in 251
i,

horse at Rome, ae [vivo], f.,

i,

enousness.
life,

conduct.

vox, vocis,

f.,

voice,-sound, tone;

Vitellius,
1.

m.,

cry, call; saying, speech.

{A.) Fi^e/^iMS,

Roman

emperor,

69 A.D.
2.
(//.)

vitio,

Vitellius, hroihev oi iX). are, avi, atus [vitium], to

defile,

vulnero, are, avi, atus [vulnus,], to wound, hurt, injure. vulnus, eris, n., a wound ; blow, misfortune.

faulty, taint, corrupt, dishonor.

make

Vulso, onis, m., L. Mdnlius Vulso,

consul 256 B.C.

vitiosus, a,

[vitium], ?iA].,full of faults, faulty ; wicked, depraved.

um

vultus, us, m., the expression of the

face, features, countenance.

HAZ. EUTROPIUS-

16

242

REFERENCES
Xerxes, is, m., a king of the Persians who was conquered by Alexander
Z.
f.,

X.

= 10.

Severus. Xanthippus, i, m., a Lacedaemonian who commanded the Carthaginians against the Romans under Regulus. Zenobia, ae,

queen of Palmyra.

REFERENCES TO HARKNESS' NEW LATIN

GRAMMARS
p. 7. N.
1.

(1898)

600, II.
I

P. 15. N.

1. 463. 2. 426, 3.

P. 27. N.

1.

628.

2. 417. 3. 489. 4. 444. 5. 590. 6. 598.

2.

440,3.
628.

P. 16. N. 1. 487.

P. 28.

N.

1.

P. 17. N.

1.

479, 3.

2. 473, 1.

2. 468.
3. 591, 1.

P. 29. N.

1. 434.

2. 426, 3.
3.

P.

8.

N.

1.

483.

4. 425, 4, N.

485, 3. 630.

2. 429.

P. 18. N.

1.

564,

1.

P. 30.

N.

1.

3. 485, 2. 4. 238.

2. 456, 2.
3.

P. 31. N. 1. 425, 2. P. 32.

238; 588.11.

N.

1.

488,2.

p.

9.

N.

1.

442. 425, 4.

4. 473, 3.

2.

440,2.

2.

P. 19. N. P. 20. N.

1.

411. 652.

3. 475.

p. 10.

N.

1.

428, 2.

1.

4. 473, 3.

2. 646. 3. 568. 4. 564, II.

2. 476.
3.

P. 33. N.

1.

483.

475.

2. 639.

4. 629. 5. 480.

P. 31. N.
P. 35. N.

1.

476.

p. 11. N.

1.

462.

2. 429.
1.

2. 418.

P. 21.

N. N.

1.

646.

603, 2.

P. 12. N.

1.

507, 4.

2. 643.

2. 642.

2.
3.

570; 550.
440, 2.

P. 22.

1.

462, 3.

P. 36. N.

1.

643.

2. 568.

2. 417.

4. 628.

P. 23. N.

1.

440, 3.

P. 37.

1.

567.

P. 13. N.

1.

638, 3.

2. 434. 3. 485, 2.

2. 433.

2. 579.

3. 489. 4.

P. 14. N.

1.

440, 3.

P. 25. N.

1.

426, 1.

485,2.

2. 598. 3. 238.

2. 135. 3. 448, 1. 4. 643, 3.

P. 38. N.

1.

636,1.

2. 531.

4. 428, 2.

3. 480.

REFERENCES
p. 39. N.
1.

243
P. 71. N.
1.

564, III.

4. 434. 5. 426, 6.

427.

2. 425, 4, 3. 447.

N.

2. 450.

P. 57. N.

1.

568, 7.

P. 72. N.

1.
1. 1.

442, 1. 426, 4. 630.

P. 40. N.

1.

439.

2. 628.

P. 73. N.
P. 74. N.

2. 440, 2. 3. 628.

p. 58. N.

1.

630.

2. 417.

2.

469,2.
626.

P. 41. N.

1.
1.

467. 479, 3.

3. 426, 1.

P. 75. N.

1.

P. 42. N.

4. 473, 2.

2. 588, II

2.

639.

5. 570.

2. 471.

3. 440, 2.

P. 59. N.

1.

621.

P. 77. N.

1.

591, 1.

P. 43.
P. 44.

N.
N.

1. 475, 3.
1.
1.

2. 392.

P. 78. N.

1.
2.

508, 3.

588,
598.

II.

P. 60. N.

1.

591, 1.

468,3.
479,
1.

P. 45. N.

2. 647.
3. 579.

P. 79. N. P. 80. N. P. 81. N.

1.
1.

2. 600, II.
3. 426, 3.

486, 1.
430.

4. 477.

1. 1. 1.
1.

P. 46.

N.

1.

533.

P. 61. N.

1.

488, 2.

P. 83. N.
P. 84. N.
P. 85.

425, 2. 475. 622.

447.

2. 567.

2.

420, 2.

P. 47. N.

3. 498.
1.

462.

N.

2. 425, 2. 3. 430. 4. 444.

P. 62. N.

1.

426, 3.

P. 86. N.

1.

2. 426, 1.

2.

440,3.
477. 456, 3. 434.
3.

3. 458, 3.

5. 570.

P. 87. N. P. 63. N.
1.

1.

425, 4, N.

2.

P. 48.

N.

1.

638, 3. P. 64. N.

2. 468, 3.
1.

P. 89. N.

1.

2. 571, 3. 3. 475.

598.

P. 90. N. a. 458, P. 91.

2. 429.

4. 463.
5. 649, II.

N.

1. 1. 1.

450.
592, 1. 591,
1.

P. 65. N.

1.

488, 2.

P. 92. N.
P. 93. N.

P. 49. N.

1.

442. 533.

2. 434.
3. 471.

2.

2. 598.

P. 50.

N.

1.

462.

3.

P. 66.

N.

1.

473, 2.
1.

P. 94. N.
P. 95.

1.
1.

476, 1.
584.

2. 418.

P. 67. N. 1. 591,

N.

P. 51. N.

1. 1. 1. 1.

434. 442. 626.

P. 68. N.

1.

440,3.

P. 96. N.

1. 479, 2.

P. 52. N.
P. 54.

2. 434.

2. 238.

N.

P. 98.

N.

1.
1.

430,
481.

1.

P. 69. N.

1.

579.

P. 55. N.

440, 2.
444.

2. 480. 3.

P. 99. N.

2.

175, 4.

2. 591, 1. 3. 579.

P. 56. N.

1. 2. 3.

440, 3.
427.

4. 448, 1.

P. 70. N.
II.
J.
6

1.

477.

P. 100. N.
P. 101.

1.

434.

588,

2. 598, 1.
.

N.l. 456,3.

TYPOGRAPHY BY

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of Egbert's Latin Inscriptions will be sent prepaid on receipt of the price ,by the Publishers:
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American Book Company

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Plato's

Apology of Socrates and

Crito

and a Part of the Phaedo

with introduction, commentary, and critical appendix

By rev.
Flexible Binding,

C.

L.

KITCHEL, M.A.
-

Instructor in Greek in Yale University

i2mo, i88 pages

Price,

$1.25

The Dialogues of Plato contained in this volume exhibit" the moral qualities of Socrates in their highest manifestations and also give some insight into those intellectual processes by virtue of which he made an epoch in philosophy. In order that this story may not be incomplete or lack its climax, this edition adds to the Apology and Crito (usually given together without that addition) that part of the Phaedo which describes in detail the last sayings and doings of Socrates. The Introduction gives such a clear and comprehensive outline of the life, character, and phik)Sophy of Socrates that the student cannot fail to see clearly what manner of man he was and why his influence was so decided upon his own time and upon succeeding ages. This historical sketch is followed by other aids to an understanding of Plato's dramatic representation of his great master and by a critical analysis of the argument pursued in the Dialogues. The Text adopted in this edition is based upon that ot Wohlrab in his revision of the text of Hermann (6 vols., Teubner, Leipzig Vol. I., 1886). The grammatical and exegetical notes have been drawn freely from many sources but principally from Cron (Teubner, Leipzig, 1895). Other features which will commend this edition to students and teachers are its convenient form, clear open type, and full indices, making it altogether a most attractive and serviceable text-book for the study and class room.

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of Kitchel 's Plato will he sent, prepaid, of the price by the Publishers. Copies of binding) will be sent on receipt of jo cents.

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