Crisis of Leadership in Pakistan Reasons for Failure Strategy for Future By Leadership

No common definition or universally acceptable meaning can be enumerated to explain the meaning of Leadership. It is interesting to note that in spite of its importance leadership lacks a concrete definition. Who is a Leader ? Basically a leader is a person who leads a group of people, an organization, an enterprise or a nation towards some definite set of objectives. A leader is defined as any person who influences individuals and groups within an organization, helps them in the establishment of goals, and guides them towards achievement of those goals, thereby allowing them to be effective. Qualities of Leadership Decisiveness Clear Vision Deep But Correct Foresight Perfect Judgment Influencing His Subordinates Participative Management Better Public Perception Progressive Minded Character Optimism Balance A believer in Change Crisis of Leadership MULTI DIMENSIONAL CRISIS The Crisis of Identity and Ideology The Crisis of Law, Constitution and Political System The Crisis of Economy The Crisis of Foreign Policy The Crisis of Civil Society The Crisis of National Security. Reasons for Failure These crises havent suddenly emerged out of the blue. The inexorable germination and development of these crises was taking place for many years. Now they are all upon Pakistan simultaneously, with greater or lesser intensity. A cursory glance over the political leadership under Civilian and Military Rule from 1947 to 1999 will identify the reasons of failure. CIVILIAN RULE 1947-1958 Death of Quaid-I-Azam and Quaid-I-Millat. Lack of clear and competent leadership Rise of regional and parochial forces Political corruption Violation and Defiance of democratic/ parliamentary norms.

 Personal ambitions Socio-economic strains. MILITARY RULE OCT 1958 Mar 1969 First Martial Law Removal of political leadership/ democratic institutions Authoritarian Rule Guided democracy Free hand to the Civil / Military Bureaucracy Kings Party Economic growth did not bring economic justice or social change.

SECOND MARTIAL LAW MAR 1969 DEC 1971 Credit for holding fair and free elections. Failure to deal with post election political problems Failure of Military / Political Leadership. Military action not solution to the political problem Dismemberment of Pakistan.

CIVILIAN RULE DEC 1971 JUL 1977 Civilian Supremacy Personalization of power Patrimonial system Crisis of legitimacy Failure to create sustainable political system. PPP suffered from ideological disharmony & weak organization.

MILITARY RULE THIRD MARTIAL LAW JUL 1977 AUG 1988 Constitutional and political engineering. Eliminated political opposition Crisis of legitimacy Civilianization of military rule. Constitutional amendments Exploitation of religion.

CIVILIAN RULE NOV. 1988 OCT 1999 Economic and political mismanagement Corruption and nepotism Erosion of National Institutions Authoritarian rule under the guise of democracy Inefficient / bad Governance.

MILITARY TAKES OVER AGAIN OCT. 12 1999. FUTURE STRATEGY How to get out of Crisis?

Three virtues: Vision Courage Integrity THE TAPESTRY OF LEADERSHIP Creating the Weft Vision Courage Integrity Constructing the Warp Initiative Optimism Believer of change