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PRACTICAL
Aim : To implement the half adder and full adder using
subcircuit in multisim 11.0.

Introduction: Halfadder:
Half adder is a combinational arithmetic circuit that adds two numbers and produces a sum bit (S) and carry bit (C) as the output. If A and B are the input bits, then sum bit (S) is the XOR of A and B and the carry bit (C) will be the AND of A and B. From this it is clear that a half adder circuit can be easily constructed using one X-OR gate and one AND gate. Half adder is the simplest of all adder circuit, but it has a major disadvantage. The half adder can add only two input bits (A and B) and has nothing to do with the carry if there is any in the input. So if the input to a half adder have a carry, then it will be neglected it and adds only the A and B bits. That means the binary addition process is not complete and thats why it is called a half adder. The truth table, schematic representation and XOR//AND realization of a half adder are shown in the figure below.

Schematic Diagram:A B XOR2 U2 AND2 U1 SUM

CARRY

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Truth table:A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 SUM 0 1 1 0 CARRY 0 0 0 1

Full adder:A full adder adds binary numbers and accounts for values carried in as well as out. A one-bit full adder adds three onebit numbers, often written as A, B, and Cin; A and B are the operands, and Cin is a bit carried in from the next less significant stage.[2] The full-adder is usually a component in a cascade of adders, which add 8, 16, 32, etc. binary numbers. The circuit produces a two-bit output sum typically represented by the signals Cout and S, where . The one-bit full adder

Schematic Diagram:A U1 XOR2 U2 B U3 XOR2 AND2 U4 OR2 C AND2 U5 CARRY SUM

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A full adder can be implemented in many different ways such as with a custom transistor-level circuit or composed of other gates. One example implementation is with

Truth Table:A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 SUM 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 CARRY 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

In this implementation, the final OR gate before the carry-out output may be replaced by an XOR gate without altering the resulting logic. Using only two types of gates is convenient if the circuit is being implemented using simple IC chips which contain only one gate type per chip. In this light, Cout can be implemented as . A full adder can be constructed from two half adders by connecting A and B to the input of one half adder, connecting the sum from that to an input to the second adder, connecting Ci to the other input and OR the two carry outputs. Equivalently, S could be made the three-bit XOR of A, B, and Ci, and Cout could be made the three-bit majority function of A, B, and Ci.
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PROCEDURE:1) First of all install the multisim 11.0.

2) After installation go to start menu>all programs->national instruments>multisim 11.0.

3) The window will be open select the evaluate option, by selecting that the multisim will be loaded in the pc.

4) Now the multisim screen will be display on to the screen.

5) Select the new option from the file menu. By selecting the
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option the new breadboard screen will be appered on the screen. Now we can start of designing.

6) For designing any circuit we need components of the circuit for that select CRTL+W. By that the component screen will be opened from that we can select our desired component.

7) (a)For designing HALFADDER we select one 2AND gate,2-xor gate,2 switches for ON/OFF inputs,2 probes for output,1 dc 5v battery, ground then click on ok. 7)(b)For designing FULLADDER we select two 2-AND gate, two 2-xor gate,1 2-ORgate,3 switches for ON/OFF inputs,2 probes for output,1 dc 5v battery, ground then click on ok. 8) All your selected component will be displayed on the screen now connect those components with the wires and connect supply and ground.

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:-For HALFADDER

:-For FULLADDER

9)Run the circuit by clicking on the green arrow button in the top of the window.

10)Now for the subcircuit select the circuit from the portion of the switch and right click on the circuit and select the subcircuit option the dialog box will appear give the name of the subcircuit and click on ok. :-For HALFADDER.

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:-For FULLADDER.

11) Now the file of sub circuit file will be appeared in the left of the screen select it and open it and then paste the circuit which we have selected and save the circuit and the original design by this the IC form of the internal circuit will appear.
SC1
A B SUM CARRY

halfadder_1 SC1
A B C SUM CARRY

:-For HALFADDER.

:-For FULLADDER.

FULLADDER_1

12) Now connect the formed IC of full adder with the supply and output and record the output. So, the final connection will look like as shown in figure:-

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HALFADDER:-

FULLADDER:-

Conclusion:-From this practical we learn how to design half adder

and full adder using sub circuit in simulation tool Multisim 11.0.

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