DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Course: M.

E Biomedical Engineering Semester: I

ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT- I PART - A 1. Define biomedical sensors. 2. What are the two distinct components used in biomedical sensors? 3. What are blood gases and pH sensors? 4. What are carbon dioxide sensors? 5. What is bioanalytical sensor? 6. Give the block representation of sensor. 7. Define transducer. 8. What is the use of Dummy Strain gauge in pressure measurement? 9. What are the types of transducers? 10. What is the purpose of transducers? 11. What are airflow transducers? 12. Give the advantages of differential transducer. 13. What is Common Mode Rejection Ratio? 14. What is the necessity of low noise pre-amplification in biomedical devices? 15. What is the application of microelectrodes? 16. What is chopper amplifier? 17. Give the equivalent circuits of microelectrodes. 18. Define displacement transducers. 19. Name the five types of electrode. 20. What are the types of sensor subject interface? 21. What are the classifications of biomedical sensors? 22. Define active transducer. 23. Define passive transducer. 24. Define piezoelectric transducer. 25. What are the difference amplifiers? PART - B 1. Describe the different classifications of biomedical sensors. 2. Explain optical Biosensors. 3. Describe the electrodes that are used to record the ECG, EEG, and EMG. 4. Explain about the necessity of low noise pre-amplification. 5. Describe how displacement transducers and airflow transducers are used to make physical measurements. 6. Describe briefly about pH electrodes and how the values are calculated. 7. Explain the sensing mechanisms of optical biosensors. 8. What are the applications of biomedical sensors? Explain briefly. 9. Describe in details about differential amplifiers. 10. Explain equivalent circuits of Microelectrodes.

UNIT II PART - A 1. How biopotential measurements are made? 2. Define lead configuration. 3. What is Einthovens Law? 4. What are the leads used in ECG? 5. What are EEG rhythms? 6. Give the block representation of single channel EEG. 7. How EMG signals are detected? 8. What is intramuscular electrode? 9. What are the types of electrodes used in EMG? 10. How ERG recordings are made? 11. What is the need of fetal monitoring? 12. What is cardiac arrhythmia? 13. How plethysmography works? 14. What are the techniques used in plethysmography? 15. Give the specific applications of plethysmography. 16. Define oxymeter. 17. Define EEG. 18. Define ECG. 19. Define ERG. 20. What are the electrodes used in EEG? 21. What is meant by holter monitor? 22. What is systolic? 23. Define EOG. 24. Define EMG. 25. What is meant by plethysmography? PART - B 1. Write in detail about ECG lead configuration. 2. Explain briefly the interpretation of ECG characteristics. 3. Draw and explain the EEG lead configuration. 4. How ERG works? Explain. 5. Draw and explain EMG. 6. Explain the working principle of oxymeter. 7. Explain in detail the working of Holter Monitor. 8. Explain direct and indirect determination of fetal heart rate. 9. Explain the basic model for plethysmography. 10. Describe the techniques used in plethysmography.

UNIT III PART - A 1. What is the clinical application of pacemakers? 2. What are the types of pacemakers? 3. What are the batteries used in pacemakers? 4. What is defibrillator? 5. Give the working principle of defibrillator. 6. What is heart lung machine? 7. What are the basic components of heart lung machine? 8. What is hemodialysis? 9. What is CRF? 10. What is anesthesia machine? 11. What is the application of ventilators? 12. What is Synchronised Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)? 13. Compare and contrast the CMV & SIMV modes of a ventilator. 14. What is infant incubator? 15. Give the advantages of infant incubators. 16. What are the parameters used in patient monitoring system? 17. Give the applications of patient monitoring system. 18. Name the types of defibrillators. 19. What is meant by lithotripsy? 20. What is meant by hemodialyser? 21. What is meant by Boyles apparatus? 22. Name the types of internal defibrillator electrodes. 23. List out the types of hemodialyser. 24. What are the types of incubators? 25. Which membrane used in hemodialysis? PART - B 1. Explain briefly about pacemakers, types and batteries used in it. 2. What are the parameters to be monitored in case of ventilation? Explain them in detail. 3. Explain external defibrillators. 4. How does lithotripsy performed? Explain briefly. 5. Explain implantable defibrillators. Give its advantage. 6. Explain the working principle of Heart- lung machine. 7. Explain hemodialysis. Give the physiological principles of dialysis. 8. Explain the working principle of Anesthesia machines. 9. Describe the factors considered in incubator design. 10. Explain the basic parameters used in patient monitoring system.

UNIT IV PART - A 1. Give the working principles of laser. 2. What are the types of laser? 3. Give the applications of laser in medicine and surgery. 4. How is laser surgery performed? 5. What is HVL? 6. Write Short notes on Laser Scalpel & Laser Ablation. 7. How are lasers in diagnostic purposes? 8. What is the basic principle of ultrasonogram? 9. What are the properties of ultrasound? 10. Write the principle of A-mode. 11. How ultrasounds are used in medicine and surgery? 12. What is ultrasonic transducer? 13. What are the types of ultrasonic transducers? 14. How ultrasounds are used in medical imaging? 15. Give some applications of ultrasound. 16. Write the principle of B-mode. 17. What are the ultrasonic imaging modes? 18. What is the frequency of ultrasound used for medical purposes? 19. Define laser. 20. Define piezo electric effect. 21. Why ultrasounds are selected? 22. What are characteristic of ultrasound? 23. Define attenuation constant. 24. Define Doppler effect. 25. Write the principle of M-mode. PART - B 1. Explain the fundamentals of light propagation in biological tissue. 2. Explain in details about laser surgery. 3. Explain the instruments which work, under the principles of ultrasound. 4. Explain briefly the working principle of ultrasound. 5. Draw and explain the ultrasound technique. 6. Explain the construction of ultrasonic transducer. 7. Explain the types of ultrasonic transducers used. 8. Explain in details about the temperature field during laser coagulation. 9. Explain the various modes of ultrasound imaging. 10. Explain the application of B-mode and M-mode.

UNIT V PART -A 1. What do you mean by displacement temperature measurement? 2. What is thermistor? 3. Give the equation for resistance-temperature characteristic of a thermistor. 4. Draw the resistivity versus temperature characteristics of a typical thermistor. 5. Give some examples of clinical laboratory instruments. 6. What is spectrophotometry? 7. What is colorimetry? 8. What is the wavelength used in spectrophotometry? 9. Give the diagrammatic representation of single beam spectrophotometer. 10. What is automated chemical analyzer? 11. What is chromatography? 12. Give the application of chromatography. 13. What is hematology? 14. How clinical hematology test are performed? 15. What is plasma? 16. What is serum? 17. What are the applications of chemical analyser? 18. What are the principles used in chemical analyzer? 19. What is coulter principle? 20. What is flame photometry? 21. What is electrolyte analyzer? 22. What is hemocrit? 23. What is the principle used in hematology analyzer? 24. What is blood gas analyzer? 25. What is hormone analyzer? PART - B 1. Explain briefly about temperature measurement. 2. Explain some of the instruments used in clinical laboratory. 3. Describe briefly about the working principle of spectrophotometry. 4. Explain the general precautions to be taken in colorimetric measurement. 5. Discuss the design of spectrophotometer. 6. Explain the architecture of automated chemical analyzer. 7. Discuss briefly the workings of automated chemical analyzer. 8. Discuss the working principles of chromatography. 9. Explain the types of chromatography. 10. Write short notes on hematology.