The summary of Tudor literature.

1. The Renaissance and Reformation In the Middle ages, the church took over and controlled the literary development. Literature in this period just blossomed almost all in the religious field. When the Renaissance came, it held a higher and more heroic idea of human capacity than had been allowed for by the ascetic side of medieval thought. It brought back human existence that had been fettered. The impact was unexpected. Human just like rose from death and exploded their ideas, capabilities, and passions for art, philosophy, science and literature. The Renaissance revived classical cultural models, produced the most considerable value of arts and architectures, and developed literary works. The Renaissance is sometimes called the Revival of Learning, differ from Medieval Ignorance of the Middle ages. Yet, the skeptics expressed The Renaissance began in hope but ended in a disillusion. In early Renaissance, England leaded Europe. English literary burst and gained its victory by the achievement of Spenser, Marlowe and Shakespeare followed. The establishment of the Tudor state, enabled English might compete with Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and Portuguese, though it was too late to compete with Italian. However, English writers had been unlucky under Henry VIII. There are bloody tragedies had murdered Protestants, Catholics and Puritans that against the Kingdoms power. The Reformation, like the Renaissance, was an outcome of a gradual transfer of authority away from weaker central and communal structures to stronger local individual ones, and an accompanying transfer from external to internal ways of thinking, feeling and representing. The Protestant Reformation had begun with Martin Luthers attacks on the Churchs penitential system, order and doctrine. However, when Protestant Reformation in Germany influenced English, Thomas More who was a politician, statesman, adviser and humanist, was confronted with at least three problems. Those are reconcilement between the kings, annihilation of heresy, and Henrys divorce problem. The last caused him be headed, because he disagreed with the divorce of Hendry and refused him as a Supreme Head of the Church. The literary work in this period is almost same with Medieval. The Bible translation by William Tyndale still had affected English people. The difference is sonnet became popular. Francesco Petrarca is one of the famous poet form Italy who wrote Sonnet. His works were translated by Thomas Wyatt. He introduced it to English Literary. Besides Wyatt, The Earl of

Surrey wrote sonnets and there were more popular than Wyatts works. In drama, despite of the mystery and morality plays continued, secular drama begun to be popular.

2. Elizabethan literature Elizabethan literature is dominated by the spirit of romance though it includes works of many kinds of verse and prose. One of the popular poet is Sir Philip Sidney. He studied in Shrewsbury School and Oxford. He made a three-year tour, visiting some countries. His great work is The Arcadia. The others are Christopher Marlowe, Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Walter Ralegh, and Edmund Spences who wrote The Faerie Queene. English music was famed in the 15th century, but poems-with-music survive in numbers from the 16th century. Singing was heard at work, in home and in tavern, at court and in church. In this period, there is Thomas Campion, a song writer, who wrote the best quantitative verse. The prose in Elizabethan literature had changed. Its no longer tells about a super human but an ordinary humans life. John Lyly wrote Euphues that taught about the moral. Thomas Nashe wrote The Unfortunate Traveller and his others works that chide the church, fighting for the masses. Then, Richard Hooker wrote Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity that defence the apostolic episcopal order and doctrine of the Church of England, appealing to natural law as well as the Bible.