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An introduction of knitting technology and its applications in Technical Textiles by Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Mangat Dec 9, 2012
Contents Knitting technology explanations Knitting types Warp and weft knitting Application of knitted fabrics in Technical Textile
Lecture 4
Knitting
A type of fabric formation by using loop insertion into other loop.
Weft Knitting
One major kind of knitting
Knitting
Weft knitting Only weft yarn is used to make loops, Needles and sinkers are used to make loops and insert loops Yarn is fed around right angle No yarn sheet is made Individual yarns are uses
Warp knitting Yarn sheet (warp ) is made Loops are made from warp and inserted along the warp length Needles are used to make loops and insert loops across the warp Warp knitted fabric is more rigid and many types are possible More share in Technical Textile
[1]
Weft Knitting
Most common
More elastic fabric
Used for general clothing
Lot of variation in GSM and width is possible
Available in flat and circular shape
Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or yarn into cloth. Unlike woven fabric, knitted fabric consists entirely of horizontal parallel courses of yarn. The courses are joined to each other by interlocking loops in which a short loop of one course of yarn is wrapped over the bight of another course. Knitting can be done either by hand, described below, or by machine. In practice, hand knitting is usually begun (or "cast on") by forming a base series of twisted loops
used to make loops and then newly formed loops are passed through previously formed loops and top and bottom loops are joined with the help of head and feet
Knitting Fundamentals
Basic Elements in knitting is Stitch or Course
Stitch Details
loop
Loop insertion through loop Joining of two loops Knitted fabric flexibility depends upon loop
structure
Loop
An extended portion of a regular string
Has no end
It is part of main string
Have balance shape
Is made with the help of any tool which is
Loop Insertion
Loop is inserted through an other previously
held loop with the help of needle loop during insertion period
Needle should have the ability to hold fresh Needle is responsible to make new loops
and hold the previous sloop Loop insertion Animation Knitting Cycle
Knitting Classification
Based upon Knitting Procedure
Warp Knitting
In this process yarn sheet is developed (warp
sheet) and then with the help of needles stitches are formed by insertion new loop into old loop.
Weft Knitting
In weft knitting single yarn is fed to knitting needles. Needle with the help of cams, sinker make a new loop and passed it into previously held loops.
There are more than one feeders to feed In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder or
dial) moves while feeders remain stationary. case of sock knitting machines it is changeable due to structure of socks
a straight plate. On this machine needle bed remains stationary while yarn feeding system called carriage moves from one end to other end bands and sweaters
Flat Knitting
cylinder and sinker are fixed on sinker ring. Needles knit with the help of sinkers.
Double Knitting
flexible used for under garments. Front and back wales are exactly at same point but have strong grip, used for neck, cuff opening and waist band. Front and back wales are not at same point Double Jersey
Interlock Machine
machines, there is a set of needles and sinkers. These machines may be single track of multi track. From one track to six track machines are available. comb, mini jacquard
track
This machine can knit only full knit fabric (single jersey)
be produced, like, pique, pique fleece, two thread fleece and mini jacquard
Terry Fabric
This fabric has loops on the surface, like
towel but the length of loops is smaller than towels. Normally used to make shirts of kids or for people working under high temperature to absorb the moisture
fabric. This fabric is plain from one side. Mostly front side is of single jersey and on back loop is inserted across various number of wales (normally two to three wales are covered). machine to make it more comfortable and bulky as well as warm top and course for back ( 30/16, 28/12 etc)
Fleece Fabric
Striper
In stripe knitting machines we can produce
horizontal stripes with the help of scissors which cuts the yarn and a new yarn is fed
There are two types of: Mechanical Electronic Note: in current era there is no fresh
Normally more than one colored yarns are Different patterns are made Normally 4-6 color machines are available
jacquard machines
Jacquard Machines
Mechanical Jacquard
Electronic Jacquard
Jacquard Fabric
Flat Knitting
Single bed
Double bed
expensive
Warp Knitting
Warp-Knitting
When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is
linked by stitches in longitudinal direction. Thus, each individual thread in the sheet (warp) forms a wale.
Warp Knitting
Main products
Nets
Curtains
Technical fabrics
Covers
Covering sheets
Working Principle
Warp sheet
Loops development with the help of needles
Loops insertion with the help of needles
Needle movement controls mechanically
and electronically
Used as curtains, table covers Used as Chadar in Pakistan Not used for clothing
References
[1] Anand, S.C., Technical fabric structures 2. Knitted fabrics, in Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C., Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge.