DelmiRodriguez November5,2012 Period5 Ionicvs.CovalentBondingLabInvestigation Introduction: Atomscanbondeithertwoways,ionicallyorcovalently.Atomsbondinorderto haveafullshellfilledwitheightvalenceelectrons,oranoctet,inorderfortheatomtobe stable.Theatomscreateacompoundthatgetsafulloctetbysharingortransferring electronstooneanother.Inanionicbondwhichconsistsofacationsandanions,electrons aretransferred;whereas,inacovalentbondelectronsareshared.InanIonicbondthe compoundformsacrystal,andwhenitdissociatesitconductselectricity.Covalentbonds formintomoleculesthatdonotconductanyelectricitywhendissociated.Therefore,I hypothesizethattheelementssodiumchlorideandsodiumsulfateformionicbonds,and distilledwater,sucrose,anddextroseformcovalentbonds.

s. Hypotheses: Table1:Theexpectedresultsoftestingfivedifferentchemicals Compoundsto Chemical Hypothesis1: Hypothesis2: Hypothesis3: betested Formula Ionicor HighorLow Willitconduct Covalent? MeltingPoint? electricity? Distilled(pure) H2O Covalent Low No water Sodium NaCl Ionic High Yes Chloride Sucrose(sugar) C12H22O11 Covalent Low No Dextrose C6H12O6 Covalent Low No Sodiumsulfate NaSO4 Ionic High Yes Procedures: PARTI.MeltingPointandStrengthofBonds 1. Foldaluminumfoilintoasquarethatwillneatlyfitontheringstand.Placea smallsampleofeachofthefourdifferentcompoundsonyoursquareof aluminumfoil.Becarefulnottomixthemupandkeeptrackofthem!

2. CarefullyplacethetrayontheringstandandheatwiththeBunsenburner (nolongerthan12minutes). 3. Immediatelybeginrecordingyourdetailedobservations,keepingtrackofthe orderinwhichthesamplesmelt,whichoneshavestrongbondsandwhich haveweak? 4. Allowthesquareoffoiltocoolandthenwashitoffintothesink PartII.ElectricalConductivity 1. Testthedrycompoundforconductivitywiththetester.Recordthe observations(YesorNo) 2. Addenoughdropsofdistilledwatertothewelltodissolvethecompound. 3. Testthesolutionforconductivitywiththetester.Recordobservations(Yes orNo).Makesuretowashtheconductivitytesterwithdistilledwaterfter everyuse! 4. Repeatforallthesamples. Results: Table2:Theresultsoftestingfivedifferentchemicalsubstances Name/Chemical PartI:Melting PartII:Conducted FinalConclusion: Formula Point(15High, Electricity?(Yes/No) IonicorCovalent Med.orLow) Bonds? Dry Dissolved 1)Distilled(pure) Water/H2O 2)SodiumChloride/ NaCl 3)Sugar (sugar)/C12H22O11 4)Dextrose/ C6H12O6 5)SodiumSulfate/ NaSO4 Conclusion: 1 5 3 2 4 N/A No No No No No Yes No No Yes Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

Thepurposeofthisexperimentwasmetandthehypotheseswerecorrect.Afterthis experiment,itwasconcludedthatbothSodiumChlorideandSodiumSulfideareheld togetherbyionicbonds,andDistilledwater,Dextrose,andSucroseareheldbycovalent bonds.Intheexperiment,theioniccompounds,whenplacedindistilledwaterconducted electricity.Thishappensbecausetheyhavealowelectronegativitysotheytransfertheir electrons.Whenwaterisplacedintoanioniccompoundbothcationsandionsareattracted toeachother,creatingelectricity.Thenonmetalandmetalcompoundshavehighmelting pointsbecausethebondbetweenthecationsandanionsisstrongsoittakesalotofheatin orderfortheionstocomeapart.Whenthecovalentcompoundswereplacedinwaterthey didnotconductelectricity,thisisbecausethiscompoundconsistsoftwononmetals,which havehighelectronegativity.Thismeansthattheyholdontotheirelectrons,andprotons andelectronsarentbeingattractedtoeachother.Whenweplacedthecovalent compoundsunderfiretheymelted.TheCovalentcompoundsmeltedwhenplacedunder thefirebecausethebondthatholdsthemtogetherisweak.