Physics 1301

University of Minnesota M. Zudov

You are designing a banked curve for a new section of interstate 35. The specifications you are given are: 1. During icy conditions in the winter, when the coefficient of static friction is 0.15, a car which stops on the curve must not slide down into the ditch at the edge of the road. 2. In the summer, when the coefficient of static friction is 0.4, a car must be able to round the curve without skidding at a maximum speed of 60 miles/hour. 3. The radius of the curve must be as small as possible. (a) What is the design value for the angle at which the curve should be banked? (b) What is the design value for the radius of the curve? (c) In winter what is the maximum speed for a car to round the curve without skidding? (d) What should be the speed of a careful motorist who does not want to wear her tires by using the force of friction? Bonus: Assume that the road is not banked. (e) What would be the maximum speed in winter (same radius)? (f) What would be the radius of the curve to satisfy condition 2. above?

W = 0.15, S = 0.40, vS = 60 mph = 26.8 m/s, f = N y : ma sin = N mg cos N = ma sin + mg cos x : ma cos = mg sin N = mg sin ma sin mg cos
a= tan v 2 sin cos g= g = 1 + tan R cos + sin

(a) v = 0, = W tan = W = 8.53 a =

W g 1 + W

2 2 1 S tan vS 1 S W vS (b) v = vS , = S R = = 125.5 m = tan + S g W + S g

(c) = W v 2 = (d) = 0 v 2 = (e) = 0 v 2 =

2W 1 S W 2 2W 1 S W W + W Rg = vS v = vS = 0.72 vS = 43.5 mph 2 2 1 + W W 1 W W + S 1 W W + S

W (1 S W ) 1 S W 2 W 0 gR = W gR = W vS v = vS = 0.50 vS = 30.4 mph W + S W + S 1 + 0 W

0 + W gR = W gR = ...(same as above) 1 W 0
2 v2 1 S 0 vS = S = 183.5 m 0 + S g S g

(f) = 0, v = vS R =

Physics 1301
University of Minnesota M. Zudov

,
m2 m1 (a > 0; a < 0; a = 0) ?;T ? (1) m1 a = 0 = m1 g sin m m1 g cos T ( 2) m 2 a = 0 = T m 2 g (1) + (2) 0 = m1 g sin m m1 g cos m2 g moving left : m2 m1 < sin cos at rest : sin cos m2 m1 sin + cos moving right : m2 m1 > sin + cos m2 m1 = sin m cos

Physics 1301
University of Minnesota M. Zudov 1. Block (mass m2) is placed on top of a prism (mass m1, angle ). The coefficient of friction between the block and the prism is . Find the maximum and minimum horizontal accelerations of the prism at which the block will not slide.

(a) = 10, = 0.4, a2 = a1 = a a ? y2 : m2 a sin = N m2 g cos N = m2 g cos + m2 a sin m2 a cos m2 g sin m2 g cos m2 a sin = m2 a cos m2 g sin x2 : m2 a cos = m2 g sin N N = sin cos + tan =g cos m sin 1 m tan a=g

amax = g amin = g

+ tan = 0.62 g 1 tan

+ tan = 0.21g 1 + tan

Physics 1301
Block (mass m2) is placed on top of a prism (mass m1, angle ). Assuming that friction is negligible, find the acceleration of the prism, a1. University of Minnesota M. Zudov

(a) , m1 , m2 , = 0 We assume x1 to the right, y 2 , up the incline a1 - ? Since there is no relative motion along y 2 , both the block and the prizm have the same acceleration projections on y 2 . a 2 y2 = a1 y2 = a1 sin y 2 : ma 2 y2 = m2 a1 sin = N m2 g cos N = m2 g cos m2 a1 sin x1 : m1 a1 = N sin = m2 g cos sin m2 a1 sin 2 a1 = g m2 cos sin m1 + m2 sin 2

Physics 1301
University of Minnesota M. Zudov A block starts sliding off the top of a wedge whose base is equal to l = 2.10 m. The coefficient of friction between the block and the wedge is equal to = 0.140. What angle corresponds to a minimum sliding time? How would this angle change if the coefficient of friction is set to zero?

m = 2.00 kg, l = 2.10 m, = 0.140, t = t min , v0 = 0

?
a = g (sin cos ) x= 2l 2l l at 2 = t2 = = cos 2 a cos g cos (sin cos )

d cos (sin cos ) = sin (sin cos ) + cos (cos + sin ) = d 1 = cos 2 sin 2 + 2 cos sin = cos 2 + sin 2 = 0 tan 2 = < 0 2 > 90

1 1 tan 1 = 98 = 49 2 = 0 = 45

Physics 1301
University of Minnesota M. Zudov A small block A of mass m =5 kg is launched off the top of a sphere of radius R = 1 m. The block breaks off the sphere with velocity v = 2 m/s. The coefficient of friction between the block and the sphere is equal to = 0.15. Find the angle corresponding to the point at which the block breaks off the sphere.

m, R, v,

?
v2 ma y = m = mg cos N R v2 (break - off point ) N = 0 = g cos = cos 1 (v 2 / gR ) = 65.9 R