đồ án máy trộn bê tông "hộp giảm tốc 1 cấp"

n thit k my GVHD: V Nh Thnh
SVTH: Nguyn Ngc nh trang 1

n c sai



Li ni u
Mn hc thit k my ng vai tr quan trng trong
ch-ng trnh o to k s- v cn b k thut v cu to
,nguyn l lm vic v ph-ng php tnh ton thit k cc chi
tit, cc thit b phc v cho cc my mc ngnh cng nghip,
nng nghip, giao thng vn ti. ..
n mn hc thit k my c s kt hp cht ch
gia l thuyt vi thc nghim. L thuyt tnh ton cc chi
tit my -c xy dng trn c s nhng kin thc v ton
hc, vt l, c hc l thuyt, nguyn l my, sc bn vt
liu ; -c xc minh v hon thin qua th nghim v thc
tin sn xut.
n mn hc thit k my l mt trong cc n c
tm quan trng nht i vi mt sinh vin khoa c kh. n
gip cho sinh vin hiu nhng kin thc c bn v cu to,
nguyn l lm vic v ph-ng php tnh ton thit k cc chi
tit c cng dng chung ,nhm bi d-ng cho sinh vin kh
nng gii quyt nhng vn tnh ton v thit k cc chi
tit my ,lm c s vn dng vo vic thit k my.
-c s gip v h-ng dn tn tnh ca thy V Nh
Thnh m n nay n mn hc ca em hon thnh. Tuy nhin
vic thit k n khng trnh khi sai st em rt mong -c
s ch bo ca cc thy v s ch bo ca cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy V Nh Thnh gip em
hon thnh cng vic -c giao.



Chng I : Gii thiu chung v my trn b tng v my trn b tng t do hnh nn
ct di ng
1.1 Cng dng v phn loi:
Cng dng:
My trn btng dng trn u cc thnh phn vt liu: ct, , ximng, cht ph gia
v nc to nn hn hp btng. Trn b tng bng my m bo c cht lng b
tng, cho nng sut cao v tit kim xi mng.
Phn loi:
Da vo phng php trn, my trn btng c chia lm 2 loi: my trn t do v my
trn cng bc.
Da vo phng php d liu ( btng ra khi thng trn), my trn btng c cc loi:
- My trn d liu bng cch lt p thng.
- My trn d liu bng mng.
- My trn d liu bng cch nghing thng.
- My trn d liu bng cch quay ngc thng so vi chiu quay khi trn.
- My trn d liu bng cch m y thng. Phng php ny ch c thit k cho my
trn cng bc.
Da vo tnh lin tc, chia 2 loi: my trn chu k v my trn lin tc. Da vo tnh c
ng, chia 2 loi: my trn c nh v my trn c lp. My trn c nh c lp trong
cc dy chuyn sn xut btng v ti cc xng c cc cu kin btng. My trn c lp
thng c s dng ti cc cng trng xy dng.


1.2 GII THIU MY TRN B TNG T DO HNH QU TO DI NG
Trong phm vi n ny, em xin chn my trn b tng, vi thng trn dng qu to,
khng c gu tip liu, kt cu thng trn n gin, c cu truyn ng n gin, gn nh
, d s dng trong cng vic nho trn b tng v thao tc lt b tng phc v trong xy
dng nh dn dng, d ch to

.

Hnh 1.1 : My trn b tng hnh nn ct dng qu to khng c gu tip liu.
1- Khung my; 2- Thng trn; 3- V lng quay gi lt thng; 4- Hp gim tc; 5- B truyn
ai; 6- ng c in; 7- a ng v thng trn; 8- Bn p ko thanh di a nh v thng
trn; 9- Bnh rng nn; 10- Vnh rng quanh thng trn; 11- Gi lt thng trn; 12 Trc
v quay.
+ Nguyn l hot ng :
trn vt liu th thng trn nghing mt gc 45
o
so vi phng nm ngang.
ng c in (6) quay, truyn chuyn ng qua b truyn ai v hp gim tc lm bnh
rng nn (9) quay, ko theo vnh rng gn vo thng trn (10) quay, lm cho vt liu
trong thng trn c nho trn.
Khi x hn hp b tng ra khi thng trn th trc ht p bn p (8) ko thanh gi ra
khi a nh v, ri quay v lng (3), nh chuyn ng ca cp bnh rng n khp trong,
gi lt (11) quay, lm thng trn p xung vt liu trn ra ngoi. Khi th thng
trn quay mt gc 135
o
so vi phng thng ng.
+ u im :
Loi ny c cu to n gin, tiu hao nng lng t, c dng nhiu nhng cht lng b
tng cha tht tt thng dng trn b tng nng, b tng ct liu ln, di chuyn d
dng, khng i hi ngi s dng c trnh cao, ch to gn nh, vt liu ch to khng
cao, s dng rng ri.
+ Nhc im :


i hi ngi cng nhn phi vt liu trc tip vo thng trn, vi kt cu ming thng
trn cao nn ngi cng nhn phi mt nhiu cng sc v thi gian ht vt liu vo
thng trn, cung cp vt liu b tng xy dng nh cao tng nng sut thp, i hi phi lin
tc, tui bn s dng khng cao, nn ch dng cho cc loi my trn dung tch nh.

Chng 2 : TNH TON U VO
Theo ta c V
hh
=V
thng
=1000 l m V
hh
=(22,5)V
sx
, Chn V
sx
= 500
2.1TNH KCH THC THNG TRN
Vi thng trn hnh nn ct ta c t s: L/D = 1 8 . 0
Vi : L:l chiu di thng trn
D: -ng knh thng trn .

cho qu trnh tnh ton -c d
dng ta chia thng trn thnh 2 phn(hv):
- Phn hnh tr c th tch
1
V
- Phn hnh nn ct c th l V
2

thit k :
+ V
2
= 0.8
1
V
Hnh 2.1 S thng trn


+ Chiu cao ca phn hnh tr bng -ng sinh ca nn
ct
Gi: + chiu cao ca nn ct l h
2

+ bn knh nh ca nn ct l r
+ bn knh ln ca nn ct l R ,suy ra R-r =
a.
Gi s: a=0.6 h
2
L= 0.9D= 1.8R.
Ta c:
V
1
+V
2
= V
thung
(1)

h
1
+ h
2
=L=1.8R (2)
V
2
= 0.8V
1
(3)
a
2
+ h
2
2
= h
1
2
(4)
a=0.6h
2

(5)
V
1
= 3.14R
2
.h
1

(6)
V
2
= h
2
.3.14.(R
2
+r
2
+R.r)/3 (7)
Gii h 7 ph-ng trnh trn ta thu -c:
r=5.2838dm
R=5,673 dm
h
1
=5,4975 dm
h
2
=4,714 dm
Nh- vy ta s thit k thng trn c kch th-c nh- sau
- Chiu di thng trn : L = 10,2114 dm


-
-ng knh thng trn : D = 11,346 dm

-
-ng knh ming thng : d = 2r=10,5676 dm

2.2. TNH TON NG LC HC V NNG SUT CHO THIT B :
2.2.1. TNH TON NNG SUT :

Nng sut s dng ca my trn b tng

tg b sd
K m V N . . =
[m
3
/h].
Trong :
V
b
- dung tch khi b tong trn c ca m trn, m
3
V
b
= V
sx
.f
V
sx
: dung tch sn xut ca thng trn, m
3

V
sx =
0.5 m
3
f : h s xut liu
f =0.66
V
b
= 0.33 m
3

m s m trn trong 1 gi.
K
tg
h s s dng thi gian : K
tg
= 0,8-0,9
Chn . K
tg
= 0.8
+ S m trn trong 1 gi tnh bng cng thc :
T
m
3600
=
.
Trong :
T = t
1
+ t
2
+ t
3
, Vi : t
1
thi gian vt liu vo thng. (s)
t
2
thi gian trn (s).
t
3
thi gian b tng ra (s).
Tra bng 14.1 ( my xy dng )
Vi my trn c V
sx
= 500l .


t
1
=17 s
t
2
=90 s
t
3
=25 s
T= 132 s

27
132
3600
~ = m
.
N
sd
= 7.2 m
3
/h
Nng sut mi ca ca my trn : N
ca
= N
sd
.t
ca
vi t
ca
= 8 h
+ Nng sut mi ca ca my trn 500 l.
N
ca
= 7.2 8 = 57.6 m
3
/ca.
2.2.2. TNH TON C BN CHO MY TRN B TNG T DO :
Cng sut ng c dn ng quay cho thng trn.
Phn ln nng lng truyn ng cho my trn t do b tn hao cho vic nng hn hp
trong thng trn khi quay thng.

z



Hnh 3.2 : S tnh ton cho my trn b tng t do.
dng tng qut cng tiu hao cho mt chu k di chuyn khp kn ca hn hp.
A = G
CM
.H [J] .
Trong :
G
CM
: Trng lng hn hp [N].
H : Chiu cao nng hn hp trong thng trn [m].
Trng lng hn hp trong thng trn :
G
CM
= V.f.g [N].
V : Dung tch ca hn hp b tng trong thng trn [m
3
].
V = 0,5 m
3
.
f : Khi lng ring ca hn hp b tng.
f = 1800 [kg/m
3
]
g : Gia tc ri t do [m/s
2
].
g = 9,8 [m/s
2
]
G
CM
= 0,5.1800.9,8 = 8820 [N].
Qu o chuyn ng ca hn hp trong thng trn rt phc tp. Mt phn hn hp
c nng ln bng cc cnh trn, phn cn li c nng ln do tc dng ca lc ma st.
Cng sut cn tiu hao nng hn hp:
N
kt
=
1000
) . . ( ) . . (
2 2 2 1 1 1
Z h G Z h G
np
+
(Kw).
Trong :
G
1
: Trng lng hn hp c nng ln do tc dng ca lc ma st.
G
1
= 0,85. G
CM
= 0.85.8820 = 7497 [N].
G
2
: Trng lng hn hp c nng ln bng cc cnh trn.
G
1
= 0,15. G
CM
= 0.15.8820 = 1323 [N].
h
1np
: Chiu cao nng ca hn hp do tc dng ca lc ma st [m].
h
2
: Chiu cao nng hn hp bng cnh trn.
Z
1
, Z
2
: S lng chu k khp kn ca hn hp sau mt vng quay ca thng
trn c thc hin tng ng do lc ma st v bng cc cnh trn.
n : S vng quay ca thng trn.


n = 0,3[v/s].
Ta c : h
2
= R + Rsin = R( 1+ sin)
R : Bn knh trong ca thng trn.
R = 0,57 [m].
Gc c th ly bng gc ma st.
= 45
Khi : h
2
= 0,57.(1+1/) = 0,9731, [m].
Chuyn ng ca hn hp di tc dng ca lc ma st phc tp hn so vi trng hp
xt trn. Xt chuyn ng ca phn t hn hp nm trn thnh tang trn, khi thng trn
quay th phn t ny s c nng ln, c xc nh bng gc ma st
1
nhng do chu nh
hng ca cc cnh trn v c t ln cc phn t khc, do gc nng thc
2
s ln hn
( khong 90 ) sau phn t ny s b trt xung theo b mt ca hn hp.
Tip nhn gc chuyn dch ca hn hp t im A ti im B
1
(
2
= 90) th chiucao
nng ca hn hp do tc dng ca lc ma st s l:
H
1np
= R = 0,57 [m].
- S chu k chuyn ng khp kn ca hn hp di tc dng ca lc ma st sau mt
vng quay ca tang trn (coi thi gian m hn hp trt xung v v tr ban u bng thi
gian nng ln ti cao h
1np
.
Z
1
= 2
2
360
2
0
=
f

- Thi gian nng cnh trn bng hn hp.
t
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
| +
0
0
360
90 1 |
n

t
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
| +
0
0 0
360
45 90
3 , 0
1
= 25 , 1 [s].
- Thi gian ri t do hn hp t cao h
2.

t
2
=
g
h
2
2
= 4454 , 0
81 , 9
9731 . 0 . 2
= [s].
S lng chu trnh chuyn ng khp kn ca hn hp do cc cnh trn thc hin c
sau mt vng quay ca tang trn.


Z
2
=
2 1
t t
t
v
+

Trong :
t
v
=
n
1
Thi gian thc hin vng quay ca thng trn [s].
n : Tn s vng quay ca thng trn [v/s].
R : Bn knh thng trn [m].
Vy :
Z
2
=
( ) 4454 , 0 25 , 1 3 , 0
1
+
=1,9961 2
S lng chu trnh khp kn ca hn hp do cc cnh trn thc hin c sau mt vng
quay ca tang trn l Z
2
= 2. iu cho thy rng: s lng chu trnh khp kn ca hn
hp cho c hai trng hp xt trn c th coi bng nhau. C ngha l Z
1
= Z
2
= Z = 2.
Do vy cng sut tiu hao nng hn hp: N
1
=
( )
1000
. . . .
2 2 1 1
n Z h G h G
np
+

Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc trn ta c:
N
1
=
()
3,34 [Kw].
Bn knh ca thng trn vi chnh xc cn thit c th ly bng bn knh phn hnh
tr ca ni trn, bi l phn hn hp tp trung giai on ny.
Ngoi cng nng hn hp ng c cn phi tiu hao nng lng khc phc lc
ma st cc gi thng trn. Thnh phn cng sut tiu hao n c th c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
i vi my trn c cm dn ng thng trn trung tm:
N
2
=
( )
1000
. . . e
o T CM
G G +

G
T
: Trng lng thng trn. G
T
= 9800 N.
: Vn tc gc thng trn. =2n =2.3,14.0.3 = 1,884 [rad/s].
: H s ma st trong trc ca thng trn lp ghp thng trn vi u
trc ra ca hp gim tc. = 0,06.
o

: Bn knh ngng trc.
o
= 0,06 [m].


N
2
=
()
0,07 [Kw].
Cng sut ng c truyn chuyn ng quay cho thng trn.
N
c
=
q
2 1
N N +
.
q : Hiu sut b truyn. q = q
n
. q
b
. q
br
.

q
l

l
hiu sut ln
l
= 0,97
b
hiu sut 2 cp bi
b
= 0,99
2
n
hiu sut cp bnh rng nn h
n
=0,93
br
hiu sut mt cp bnh rng tr kn
br

=0,98
=0,99
2
.0.98.0,93 .097 0,87
N
c
=
3,92 [Kw] 5.2568 (hp)

2.2.3 CHN NG C
Ta c cng sut ca ng c in my trn phn trc l 3,92 kw.
Vy ta chn loi ng c in loi c cc thng s sau y :
K hiu : AO2-42- 4
Cng sut : 5,5 (KW)
S vng quay : 1440 (vng/ pht)
Hiu sut : 88 %
H s cng sut : 0.9
Khi lng : 88 (Kg)
Ni sn xut : Vit Nam
2.3 CHN PHNG N THIT K HP GIM T TC V B TRUYN:


Da vo kho st mt s my trn btng t do kiu lt ph bin, ta chn kt cu
ca hp gim tc nh sau:
Ta thy i vi my trn btng kiu t do, s vng quay ca thng trn cn phi la
chn sao cho khi quay di tc dng ca lc qun tnh ly tm, hn hp khng b vng ln
dnh vo thnh trong ca thng trn. Trong thc t gia tc ly tm cho php bng 1/5 gia
tc trng trng v do s vng quay ca thng trn c tr s tng i nh v ph
thuc vo ng knh ca thng trn, thng l 15 40 vng /pht
V vy, m bo s vng quay ca thng trn , sau ng c phi c hp gim tc
vi t s truyn v cng sut ph hp
2.3.2.1 Chn phng n thit trun :
y , s vng quay ca thng trn l n
lv
=18 vng/pht
Vy t s truyn ton b b truyn l
i =
=80
Gi i
vr
l t s truyn ca b truyn bnh rng vnh rng v i
gt
l t s truyn ca
hp gim tc. Ta c:
i
vr
=
=
Chn i
gt
= 10 => i
vr
= 8
Do vnh rng ph thuc vo ng knh ca thng trn nn t s truyn i
vr
ca b
truyn bnh rng- vnh rng cng b gii hn bi ng knh thng trn.
2.3.2.2 CHN PHNG N THIT K HP GIM TC:
Tham kho mt s hp gim tc trong my trn btng t do c nh, ta chn hp
gim tc sao cho tha mn t s truyn : i
gt
= 6
Trong thc t, hp gim tc mt cp bnh rng tr rng thng c th c dng vi
phm vi t s truyn i = 1,25 10. T s truyn i c th ly 6 nu l rng thng v c
th ly ti 10 nu l rng nghing hoc rng ch V
Vy ta chn thit k hp gim tc 1 cp bnh rng tr rng nghing c t s truyn l
i
gt
= 10 v cng sut phi truyn c P= (3,92 5.5 ) KW



CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT K CHI TIT
3.1 Thit trun nh rng nn rng thng vnh rng nn c t s trun i
1
= 8

Chn vt iu ch to :
Bnh nh: thp 50 thng ha c:
HB = 230 ,
b1
= 620 N/ mm
2
,
ch1
= 320 N/ mm
2

Bnh ln(vnh rng) : thp 45 thng ha c :
HB = 160 ,
b2
= 550 N/ mm
2
,
ch2
= 270 N/ mm
2

* c nh c tc ng :
Sau khi qua hp gim tc, s vng quay trn trc bnh rng nn l :
n
1
=
(vng / pht)
Cng sut sau khi qua hp gim tc:
N
1
= N.
gt
.
ol

ol
: hiu sut ca ln = 0,97

gt
: hiu sut ca hp gim tc = 0,99
2
.0,98.
N
1
= 5,5 . 0,97. 0,98.0,99
2
= 5,1243 (kw)

* nh ng sut tip c v ng sut un cho php :
a) ng sut tip xc cho php :
Chn :
Thi gian s dng = 15000 gi
Thi gian cp liu = 17s = 0,1288 chu k
Thi gian trn = 90s = 0,6818 chu k
Thi gian tho liu = 25s =0,1894 chu k
Tc quay vnh rng = 18 vng/ pht
Tc bnh rng nn = 144 vng/pht


S phn b ti trng trong 1 chu k
S chu k lm vic ca vnh rng nn :
N

=

60.18.15000.( 0,5
2
. 0,1288 + 0,5
2
. 0,1894 + 1
2
.0,6818 ) =1,2334.10
7
>10
7
( Cng thc (3-3) [2])
S chu k lm vic ca bnh rng nn :
N
br
=

60.144.15000.( 0,5
2
. 0,1288 + 0,5
2
. 0,1894 + 1
2
. 0,6818 ) >10
7

Do i vi c 2 bnh rng k
N
= 1
ng sut tip xc cho php ( Ti liu [2] - Bng (3-9) )
Bnh nh: []
tx1
= 2,6 .230 = 598 (N/mm
2
)
Bnh ln : []
tx2
= 2,6.200 = 520 N/mm
2
)
Ly tr s nh []
tx2
= 520(N/mm
2
) tnh ton
b) ng sut un cho php :
S chu k lm vic ca ai nn :
N

=

60.18.15000.( 0,5
6
. 0,1288 + 0,5
6
. 0,1894 + 1
6
. 0,7274 ) >10
7
S chu k lm vic ca bnh rng :
N

=

60. 144.15000.( 0,5
6
. 0,1288 + 0,5
6
. 0,1894 + 1
6
. 0,7274 )>10
7
Do i vi c 2 bnh rng k
N
= 1


Ly h s an ton ca bnh nh (thp rn ) n= 1,5 v ca bnh ln (thp c) n=1,8 ;
H s tp trung ng sut K
= 1,8
Gii hn mi ca thp 50:

-1
= 0,43 .620 = 266 N/ mm
2

Gii hn mi ca thp 45:

-1
= 0,43.550 = 236 N/mm
2

ng sut un cho php ca bnh nh:
[]
u1
=
= 98 N/mm
2

ng sut un cho php ca bnh ln :
[]
u1
=
= 73 N/mm
2

L s h s ti trng K=K
tt
.K
= 1,5
Chn h s chiu rng nh rng:

L
= b/L = 0,2
* Tnh chiu i nn : [ cng thc (3-11)/ sch thit k chi tit my]
L
()
]
469,5629(mm)
Chn L= 385,88 (mm) 470
Tnh vn tc vng v cp chnh c ch to nh rng :
Vn tc vng (Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-18) )
v =
(

v =
()
0,79 (m/s)
Vi vn tc ny c th chn cp chnh xc 9 (Ti liu [2] - bng 3-11)
nh chnh c h s ti trng K v chiu i nn L
Vi v0,79 (m/s) theo(Ti liu [2] - bng[3-13] tm c h s ti trng ng
K
= 1,1; K
tt bng
=1,1
Vy h s ti trng : K= K
.K
tt
= 1,1.1,1= 1,21 khc vi d on trn l 1,5
Tnh li L vi k mi
L
()
]
437,1111(mm)
L =440 mm
V= 0,6474
K

vn nh c
Vy chiu di nn:
L = 440 mm
c nh mun v s rng:


Mun m
s
= 0,02. L = 0,02. 440= 8,8 (mm) [Ti liu [2] -cng thc 3-23]
Chn m
s
= 9 (mm) ( Gi tr chun trong bng 3-1)
Z
1
=

= 15,5929. Chn Z
1
= 16
Z
2
= i
vr
.Z
1
= 8 . 16 = 112 . Chn Z
2
= 128
Tnh chnh xc chiu di nn (Ti liu [1] - bng 3-5)
L =0,5.m
s
.
=0,5.7
580,4826 (mm)
Chn li sau tnh L m
s
=12
Z
1
=12
Z
2
=96
Chiu di rng:
b=
L
.L= 0,2 . 580= 116 (mm)
Mun trung bnh:
m
tb
= m
tb
= m
s

( )
= 12.
()
= 10,80(mm)
Kim nghim sc n un c rng :
Gc mt nn ln bnh nh tnh theo cng thc trong bng 3-5:
tg
1
=
= 0,125

1
= 7
0
7
S rng tng ng ca bnh nh (Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-38) )
Z
t1
=
12
Gc mt nn ln bnh ln :
tg
2
= i
vr
= 8

2
= 82
0
53
S rng tng ng ca bnh ln:
Z
t2
=
774 ( rng)
Theo (bng 3-18 )v s rng tng ng tm c h s dng rng :
Bnh nh : y
1
= 0,338
Bnh ln : y
2
= 0,517
ng sut un ti chn bnh nh [Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-35)]

u1
=
()
= 17,6307 (N/mm
2
)< []
u1
= 98( N/mm
2
)
ng sut un ti chn rng bnh ln : [Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-40)]

u2
=
u1
.
= 17,6307.

= 11,5265(N/ mm
2
) < []
u2
=73 (N/ mm
2
)
Kim nghim sc n c rng hi chu qu ti trong thi gin ngn
ng sut tip xc cho php [Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-43)]


Bnh nh :
[]
txqt1
= 2,5. []
tx1
=2,5 . 598 = 1495 (N/mm
2)

Bnh ln :
[]
txqt2
= 2,5. []
tx2
= 2,5. 520 = 1300 (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un cho php [Ti liu [2] - cng thc (3-46)]]
Bnh ln:
[]
uqt1
= 0,8.
ch1
= 0,8 . 320 = 256 (N/mm
2
)
Bnh nh:
[]
uqt2
= 0,8.
ch2
= 0,8 . 270 = 216 ( N/ mm
2
)
Ch cn kim nghim sc bn tip xc i vi bnh ln, c [ ]
txqt
nh hn [Ti liu
[2] -cng thc (3-15) v (3-41)]:

txqt
=
tx
.

vi:

tx
=
()
()

= 340,2116 (N/mm
2
)

txqt
=
. 340,2116= 356,8169 ( N/mm

2
) < []
txqt2
= 1300 (N/mm
2
)
Kim nghim sc bn un [Ti liu [2] -cng thc (3-39) v (3-42) ]
Bnh nh :
uqt1
=
u1
.2 = 17,6307. 2 =35,2614 (N /mm
2
) < [
uqt1
] = 256(N/mm
2
)
Bnh ln :
uqt2
=
u2
.2 = 11,5265 .2 = 23,0530 (N /mm
2
) < [
uqt2
] = 216 (N/mm
2
)
Cc thng s hnh hc ch u c trun :
Mun mt mt ln : m
s
= 12 (mm)
S rng : Z
1
=12 ; Z
2
=96
Chiu di rng : b= 116 (mm)
Chiu di nn : L = 580(mm)
Gc n khp : = 20
0

Gc mt nn chia (cng l gc mt nn ln ):

1
= 7
0
7 ;
2
= 82
0
53
ng knh vng chia ( vng ln):
d
1
= m
s
.Z
1
= 12.12 =144 (mm)

d
2
= m
s
.Z
2
= 12.96 = 1152 (mm)
ng knh vng nh :
D
e1
= m
s
. (Z
1
+2 cos
1
) = 12.(12 + 2.cos(7
0
7)) 167,8151(mm)
Ly D
e1
= 168 (mm)
D
e2
= m
s
. (Z
2
+2 cos
2
) = 12. (112 + 2.cos( 82
0
53)) 1175,8151(mm)
Ly D
e2
= 1176 (mm)
ng knh vng chia trung bnh ;
d
tb1
= d
1
(1 0,5
) = 144.(1- 0,5
) = 129,6 (mm)


d
tb2
= d
2
(1 0,5
) = 1152.(1- 0,5
) = 1036,8(mm)
Gc chn rng : =
1
=
2
= acrtg (

)= acrtg (

) =1
0
29
Gc nh rng : =
1
=
2
= acrtg(

) = acrtg (
) = 1
0
11
Gc mt nn chn rng :

i1
=
1
- = 7
0
7- 1
0
29 = 5
0
38

i2
=
2
- = 82
0
53 - 1
0
29 = 81
0
24
Gc mt nn nh rng :

e1
=
1
+ = 7
0
7 +1
0
11 = 8
0
18

e2
=
2
+ = 82
0
53+1
0
11 = 84
0
04
* Tnh lc tc dng :
i vi bnh rng nn :
Mmen xon trn trc bnh rng nn :

= 9,55.10
6
.
= 9,55.10
6
.
= 339840,7792 (N.mm)
Lc vng :
P
1
=
= 5244,4557 (N)
Lc hng tm:
P
r1
= P
1
tg.cos
1
= 5244,4557. 0,364.0,992 = 1893,71 (N)
Lc dc trc:
P
a1
= P
1
. tg.sin
1
= 5244,4557. 0,364.0,124 = 236,7138 (N)
i vi bnh rng ln:
Lc vng:
P
2
= P
1
= 5244,4557 (N) = 534,603 (kg)
Lc hng tm :
P
r2
= P
a1
= 236,7138 (N) = 24,1298 (kg)
Lc dc trc :
P
a2
= P
r1
= 1893,71 (N) =193,0387 (kg)

* Kt qu tnh ton cc thng s hnh hc ch yu dng trong bn v ca b truyn
nh rng nn vnh rng nn c t s truyn i
vr
= 8

SVTH : Nguyn ngc nh Page 20

L = (mm)
m
s
= 7 (mm)
Z
1
= 12 (rng)
Z
2
= 96 (rng)
d
1
= 144 (mm)
d
2
= 1152 (mm)
d
tb1
= 129,6 (mm)
d
tb2
= 1035,8 (mm)
D
e1
= 168 (mm)
D
e2
= 1176 (mm)

1
= 7
0
7

2
= 82
0
53

i1
= 5
0
38

i2
= 81
0
24

e1
= 8
0
18

e2
= 84
0
04
3.2 HP GIM TC (TI LIU THAM KHO CH YU L [1])
Cc thng s ly theo (g li thnh GOST ) 2185-55
Vn tc trc chm hp gim tc khi dng t s truyn i
gt
=10
n
t
= n
b
/ i
gt
=1440/10=144(vng /pht)
n
t
: vn tc vo hp gim tc
n
t
=n
dc
= 1440(vng/pht)
n
b
: vn tc ra hp gim tc
3.2.1 CHN VT LIU CA CC BNH RNG V C NH NG SUT
CHO PHP
1. Theo bng 9 ,chng v [1] . i vi bnh rng nh dng thp 40XH c c tnh (
bng 11[1] ) :
b
= 90 kg/mm
2
,
T
= 70 kg/mm
2
, H
B
= 265 -295, nhit luyn: lm tt (
ng knh ca phi bnh rng nh ly trong gii hn n 120 mm )
Bnh rng ln dng thp 40x vi c tnh
b
= 75 kg/mm
2
,
T
= 50 kg/mm
2
, H
B
= 215 -
243, nhit luyn: lm tt ( ng knh ca phi bnh rng nh ly trong gii hn n
250 mm )


2. Xc nh ng sut tip xc ct cho php ca vt liu bnh rng ln.
Tnh gii hn mi
-1
0,35.
b
+ (712) = 0,35.75 + (712) = 33,2538,25 kg/mm
2

Ly
-1
= 35 kg/mm
2

[]
ck
0,48.
-1
=0,48.35 =16,8 kg/mm
2

3. Xc nh ng sut un cho php khi ti trng tc ng mt chiu bng cng thc
[
0
]
u
=

Gii hn mi ca bnh rng nh trong chu k i xng xc nh bng cng thc :
-1
0,35.
b
+ (712) = 0,35.90 + (712) = 38,543,5 kg/mm
2

Ly
-1
= 40 kg/mm
2
.
Theo trang 91; 92 [1]
n =1,4 (h s an ton bn )
k
= 1,6 (h s tp trung ng sut)

[
0
]
u
=
= 25 kg/mm
2

Vi bnh rng ln c cng k
v n :
[
0
]
u
=
= 21,875 kg/mm
2

3.2.2 C NH KHONG CCH TM V KCH THC CHNH CA
BNH RNG THEO SC BN TIP XC
Cng thc tnh
A=863.(i
gt
+1)

3.2.2.1 Ly h s chiu rng bnh rng
A
= 0,4


3.2.2.2 Xc nh m men trn trc ra ca hp gim tc .
H s ti trng : k
tt
= k
l
k
ttr
Xem trang 83 86 [1]
K
ttr
= 1 ( h s tp trung ti trng )
K
l
= 1,1 ( h s ng lc )
Coi m men truyn qua hp gim tc l c nh : k = 1.1
mmen tnh trn tc quay chm
(
= 5,2568.1,1 / 144 = 0,0402

N : cng sut cn ca ng c
3.2.2.3 Xc nh khong cch tm
A=863.(10+1)
=144,9615 mm
Theo GOST 2185 55( xem bng 8 ph lc [1] )
Chn A= 150 mm
3.2.2.4 Xc nh m un n khp :m
n
=(0,010.02).A
theo GOST 2185 55( xem bng 9 ph lc [1] ) chn m
n
= 1.5
3.2.2.5 Xc nh tng s rng v chn gc nghing ca rng
A =

Z
c
=

= 200 cos
Chn = 8 6 34,61 , cos = 0.99 , vy z
c
= 198
3.2.2.6 Xc nh s rng
S rng bnh nh Z
III
=
()
= 198/11=18
S rng bnh ln Z
k
= z
c
-z
III
= 198-18= 180
Theo s rng th i=
=10 tc l trng vi t s truyn ng yu cu

3.2.2.7 Xc nh ng knh


Bnh rng nh D
III
= (m
n
.z
III
)/ cos = 1,5.18/0,99 =27,3 mm
Bnh rng ln D
k
= (m
n
.z
k
)/ cos = 1,5.180/0,99 =272,7 mm
Nghim li

3.2.2.8 Xc nh chiu rng bnh rng
b =
A
.A =0,4. 150 =60 mm
3.2.2.9 NGHIM TI T S CHIU RNG V NG KNH BNH
RNG NH
= 60/27,3 = 2,1798 >1,5

Theo iu kin trang 77[1] , th A c tnh nh trn l khng ph hp
Trong cng thc tnh A, ch
A
l c th thay i c
Chn cos nh trn , vi m
n
=0,01.A, ta vn c s rng khng i
Theo iu kin trang 77[1]
= 0,1772
chn
A
= 0,2
theo cch tnh nh trn , sau khi tnh li vi
A
= 0,2
A= 182,64
Theo GOST 2185 55( xem bng 8 ph lc [1] )
Chn A= 200 mm
m
n
= 2
ng knh hai bnh rng sau khi tnh li vi m
n
= 2
Bnh rng nh D
III
= (m
n
.z
III
)/ cos = 2.18/0,99 =36,4 mm
Bnh rng ln D
k
= (m
n
.z
k
)/ cos =2.180/0,99 =363,6 mm
b =
A
.A =0,2. 200 =40 mm
= 40/36,4 = 1,0989 < 1,5 (t yu cu)

3.2.2.10 Nghim li ng sut tip xc thc theo kch thc n khp ca bnh
rng
Cng thc tnh
=
()



vn tc vng ca bnh rng
v =
= 2,7431 m/s
vi vn tc ny, cn ch to bnh rng vi hng chnh xc 9 (trang 84[1])
Nghim li t s: b =
A
.A

(tho nh tnh trn)

Vn tc vng thp hn 3m/s v b =
A
.A

nn h s k c sa li
thnh k= 1 , sau khi tnh li vi cc thng s
A
,k sa th A = 176,8554
mm , vn chn A=200 mm
Tuy nhin (
0,0365

()
=13,9411 kg/mm
2
< [ ]
ck
3.2.3 Nghim rng cc nh rng theo ng sut un

u
=

[
0
]
u

1. Xc nh h s dng rng cho cc bnh rng. S rng thay th
z
III
=
=18/(0,99^3) 19
z
k
=
=180/(0,99^3) 186
h s dng rng (ly theo gi tr trung bnh t bng 5 chng v [1]) , i
vi bnh rng nh y
1
= 0, 386 , i vi bnh rng ln y
2
= 0,528
2. nh gi bn tng i gia rng bnh nh v rng bnh ln theo un
i vi bnh rng nh :
y
1.
[
0
]
u
= 0,386.25= 9,65 kg/mm
2
i vi bnh rng ln :
y
2.
[
0
]
u
= 0,528.21,875= 11,55 kg/mm
2

Vy bn bnh rng nh nh hn nn sau ny, ta tnh ton theo bnh nh
ng lc vng :
P = 75.N/v = 75.5,2568/2,7431 = 143,7279 kg
y v= 2,7431 m/s (nh tnh)
3. Xc nh ng sut un tit din nguy him ca rng bnh nh. Ly cos =
cos 20=0,94; k
=1,55, k=1
u
=

= 2,1297 < []
u



3.2.4 Tnh trc v chn trc
3.2.4.1 Xc nh ng knh u ra ca trc quay nhanh theo xon (tnh ton s
b)
d=

M
k
= M
b
= 71620.
=71620. 5,2568/1440 = 261,4528 kg.cm

Ly [ ]
k
=250 kg/cm
2
(bi 26 [ 1 ]) . m bo cng cao cho trc (c
bit quan trng khi chiu rng bnh rng tng i ln), phi chn tr s nh nht ca
ng sut cho php
d
b
=
= 1,7359 cm
tr s cui cng ca ng knh trc s c xc nh sau khi chn trc
3.2.4.2V phc cu to trc quay nhanh hp gim tc
Mc ch ca vic v phc cu to l xc nh v tr tng i ca nhng bnh rng
v trc , v do xc nh ti trng trn trc v thit lp biu m men un cn
thit khi tnh gn ng trc.
Trong bn v, bt u v ng tm trc v ng trung bnh ca bnh rng nh,
t 2 bn ng nhng on b/2 v vch ng chu vi bnh rng nh.
Chiu di u ra ca trc quay nhanh ly bng 62 mm da theo chiu di khp ni
trc vng n hi ng vi ng knh trc ng c d
c
=28 mm

Khong cch t vai u ra ca trc n bi ly bng 40 mm sau ny c ch lp
np trc v cc b phn lt kn trn np, ng thi c mt khong t do trong
khoang trc, t mt trong ca np n trc )
Cho ng knh ca phn trc nm trong trc l 20-25 mm, dng bi , c trung
bnh ly chiu rng ca bng 25 mm
T mt u ca trc n thnh v l 8mm ( y dng vng chn du hay vng gt
du tu theo h thng bi trn ) v t bnh rng n thnh v l 12mm. Bi v ng


knh bnh rng khng ln hn ng knh trc my , nn lm lin vi trc (trn bng
v phc khng v )
Bng v phc cu to v lc tnh trc l cn c vo bn v phc ny
Xc nh ng lc tc ng ch n khp. ng lc vng (nh trn)
3.2.4.3 xc nh ng lc tc ng ch n khp
ng lc vng (nh trn): P = 143,7279 kg
ng lc xuyn tm :
T =

= 143,7279.

=52,8411 kg
ng lc chiu trc :
A = P. tan = 143,7279. Tan =20,4801 kg
3.2.4.4Xc nh cc phn lc gi ta (ti trng ln trc )
R
AX
= R
BX
=
=143,7279 / 2 =71,864 kg
= 0
R
Ay
=
= 29,9704 kg

R
By
= T R
Ay
= 52,8411 29,9704 =22,8707 kg
Trong l : khong cch gia 2 tm trc l= 25 +(8+12).2 + 40 =105 mm
3.2.4.5 Chn trc - v lc chiu trc ch n khp khng nh nn ta chn bi
A ti trng ln hn, do tnh ton theo ny * ti trng hng tm tng cng :
= 77,8631 kg


Ti trng thu gn
Q
A
=(R
A
. k
k
+m.A).k
.k
T
; m= 1,5 (bng 48 [1]) ;k
= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

k
= 1,0 ;
k
T
= 1,0 (bi 34 [1]) ch thch
Q
A
= (77,8631.1,0 + 1,5.20,4801 ).1,3.1,0 = 141,1582 kg
Chn trc cn c vo tui bn h= 5000 gi . H s kh nng lm vic cn thit ca
trc
C = Q
A
.(n.h)
0,3
= 137,8539. ()
= 16102,9654
Theo katalo (bng 14 ph lc [1]) ly trc N 304 vi C =19000 tuy nhin s
phi tnh li chu trnh trn vi b rng bi B= 15 mm tc l mi :
l = 20.2 +40 + 2.15/2 =95 mm
Sau khi tnh li vi l mi ta c
R
Ay
= 30,1641 kg
R
A
= 77,9378 kg
R
By

= 22,317 kg
Q
A
= 141,2553 kg
C = 16114,0424
Vn tho mn C ca chn
3.2.4.6 Tnh gn ng trc khi chu tc dng ng thi un xon
S b tnh chnh xc ng knh ca trc . ch lp trc , d
n
= 20 mm
( trc c ng knh nh hn th h s kh nng lm vic 0 ), ng knh u ra
ca trc tng ln t nhiu so vi ng knh tnh s b ( trnh s khc nhau qu ln
gia ng knh ch lp trc v u ra ) ly d
b
=35
GOST 6270. ng knh ca trc gia ly bng ng knh vng chn rng bnh
rng nh
d = D
iIII
=D
III
2,4.m
n
= 36,4 - 2,4.2= 31,6 (mm)
thit lp biu m men ( hnh v ). M men xon


M
K
= M
b
= 261,4528 kg.cm
M men un do lc P tit din gia
M
y
= M
P
=
= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

M men un do lc T v A (ln nht) tit din rt gn gia trc (bn tri)
M
x
= R
Ay
.
= 30,1641.4,75 = 143,2795 kg.cm

M men thu gn(tng ng) tit din gia (theo thuyt th nng bin dng trong
sc bn )
M
kb
=
= 433,9581 kg.cm
ng sut thu gn vi tit din gia
kb
=
= 137,5266 kg/cm
2
< [
-1
]
u

[
-1
]
u
= 600 kg/cm
2

3.2.4.7 Xc nh ng knh u ra ca trc quay chm theo xon
d
T
=

M
k
= M
t
= 71620.
=71620. 5,2568/144= 2614,5279 kg.cm

d
T
=
= 3,7395 cm
theo GOST 6636-53( 6270)
ly d
T
=40 mm
3.2.4.8 Tnh ton gn ng trc quay chm chu tc dng ng thi ca un v xon
Vic phc ho cu to ca trc tin hnh tng t nh i vi trc quay nhanh. Cc
ng knh ca trc xc nh theo cu to cn c vo ng knh u ra ca trc .
trc, ta ly d
n
=50mm v ch lp bnh rng ly d = 55 mm


Bn v trc , cc lc tnh ton v biu m men trnh by trn hnh 236
R
CX
= R
DX
=
=143,7279 / 2 =71,864 kg
= 0
R
Dy
=
= 65,613 kg

R
Cy
= T R
Dy
= 52,8411 65,613 = 12,7719 kg
R
Cy
c chiu ngc vi R
Dy

3.2.4.9 Chn trc quay chm - v lc chiu trc ch n khp khng nh nn ta
chn bi D ti trng ln hn, do tnh ton theo ny * ti trng hng
tm tng cng :
= 97,3114 kg
Ti trng thu gn
Q
D
=(R
D
. k
k
+m.A).k
.k
T
; m= 1,5 (bng 48 [1]) ;k
= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

k
= 1,0 ;
k
T
= 1,0 (bi 34 [1]) ch thch
Q
D
= (97,3114.1,0 + 1,5.20,4801 ).1,3.1,0 = 166,441 kg
trc
C = Q
D
.(n.h)
0,3
= 166,441. ()
= 9516,1234
Chn trc N210 vi C = 42000 cao hn nhiu so vi tr s cn thit
3.2.4.10 Tnh gn ng trc quay chm khi chu tc dng ng thi un xon


M
K
= M
T
= 2614,5279 kg.cm
M
y
= M
P
=
= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

M
x
= R
Dy
.
= 65,613.4,75 = 311,6618 kg.cm

sc bn )
M
kb
=
= 2310,9463 kg.cm
kb
=
= 138,8999 kg/cm
2
< [
-1
]
u

[
-1
]
u
= 600 kg/cm
2

( cng c th)
3.2.5 Chn v nghim then
3.2.5.1 chn then cho trc quay nhanh theo GOST 8788-58 (bng 28[1]) th ng
knh l 20mm ly b x h = 6 mm x 6 mm chiu di ca then da theo chiu di may
na khp ni trc ly chng l= 62 mm, vi cc kch thc chn ,ng sut dp ca
then l

dp
=
()
=
()
= 155,6267 kg/cm
2
< []
dp

3.2.5.2 chn then lp bnh rng trc quay chm
Ly b x h = 16 mm x 10 mm v l= 55 mm (km chiu di may bnh rng l 5 mm)
dp
=
()
=
()
= 487,5577 kg/cm
2
< []
dp
[]
dp
=1000-1200 kg/cm
2
i vi moay- thp


3.2.6 bi trn phn n khp

v trc

bnh rng bi trn bng cch ngm du, cn trc th dng cch t du
theo vn tc vng ca bnh rng v= 2,7431 m/s nh c d nht cn thit ca du
50
= 118 ccm (bng 68 [1]) loi du xi lanh nh (bng 70 [1]) thch hp vi nht
ny
3.2.7 Tnh ton cu to hp gim tc
Cc kch thc c trong [1]
Chiu dy thn hp = 0,025.A +5 = 0,025.200 + 5 = 10 (mm)
Chiu dy np hp
1
= 0.02.A +5 = 0,025.200 + 5 = 9 (mm)
Chiu dy vnh thn hp b = 1,5 =1,5.10 = 15 (mm)
Chiu dy vnh np hp b
1
=1,5.
1
= 1,5.9 = 13,5 (mm)
Chiu dy mt 0 c phn li ln p =2,35. = 23,5 v khi c phn li ln p
=1,5 =15 v p
2
= (2,252,75) =22,5 27.5( mm)
Chiu dy ca np thn hp m = 0,85. = 8,5 mm
Chiu dy ca np np hp m
1
= 0,85.
1
= 0,85.9 = 7,65 mm
ng knh bu long nn d =0,036.A +12 = 0,036.200 +12 = 19,2 mm
Chn ren M20
ng knh bu long ch lp trc d
1
=0,75.d =0,75.19,2 = 14,4 mm
Chn ren M16
ng knh bu long lp ghp np v thn hp d
2
= (0,50,6) d =9,611,52
mm .Chn ren M10
ng knh bu long ca np y trc d
3
=(0,40,5)d = 7,689,6 mm
Chn ren M8
ng knh bu long np l kim sot d
4
=(0,30,4)d = 5,767,68 mm
Chn ren M8
Khong cch c
1
t mt ngoi ca thnh v n ng trung bnh ca bu lng
tu theo ng knh ca bu long d,d
1
,d
2
chn theo bng 65 [1] tu theo
ng knh ca bu lng hay theo cng thc c
1
1,2.d+(58) mm
ng vi d, c
1
min= 30 ; c
2
min= 26 (mm)
ng vi d
1
, c
1
min=26 ; c
2
min= 21 (mm)
ng vi d
2
. c
1
min= 18; c
2
min= 14 (mm)
Chiu rng ca thn hp (0 c phn li ln ) v vnh thn hp k : k = c
1
+c
2

theo bng 65 [1] vy k
= 56 mm ng vi d ; k
2
= 32 mm ng vi d
2



Phi b tr ch t bu long d
1
phn li ra ca ch t trc . Nn b tr ch
t bu lng ht sc gn ng tm tc gim bin dng ca thn v np
,khong cch t gii hn doa ca trc n trc ca bu long d
1
ly bng e
(11,2)d
1
=16 + 19,2 . Dng hnh v nghim li trnh hin tng
bulong d
1
v bulong np trc xuyn vo nhau
Cc ng knh D D
1
D
2
chn tu theo ng knh ca trc theo cu to
c chn ca np trc tu theo c ng lt hay 0
S lng bu long nn n=
y L v B l chiu rng v chiu di ca

thn v hp
L=2.A +
Khong h nh nht gia mt ngoi ca bnh rng vi mt trong ca thnh v
hp a =1,2.
Khong h gia mt u bnh rng vi mt trong ca thnh v hp a
1
=
Thn v np c nh v tng i bng 2 cht hnh nn lp vo trc khi gia
cng l t trc. Quy chun cht tra trong bng 60 [1]
Thn v np hp ghp bng 1 s lng ln bu long m bo tnh cht kn
ca hp. trnh tnh trng du b r r qua mt ghp ca np v thn hp ra
ngoi, bi trn hay 1 cht nha dnh ln ch ghp. Gia 2 mt ghp ca np v
thn hp khng dng m trnh tnh trng lp ghp ca l trc vi trc
khng chnh xc. nhng hp gim tc c mt lp ghp nm ngang, trnh tnh
trng du r r qua mt ghp ra ngoi, i khi ngi ta phay mt rnh mt ghp
cha du . Du ng li rnh s theo l thnh chy v y hp
kim sot v du, trn np hp gim tc c l kim tra, l ny c np y
kn
Kch thc ca np v bu lng ghp xem hnh 178 [1]
Trong cc hp gim tc pht nhit nhiu trnh tnh trng p lc ca khng kh
bn trong hp ln cao khin cho khng kh v c du r qua m ca np trc
(hay qua np l kim tra), ngi ta lp nt c l thng hi . Cu to v kch thc
l thng hi tra bng 61 [1]
Trn vnh ca np hp gim tc thng c lp thm 2 bu long vi mc ch
khi tho hp gim tc vn 2 bu lng th np hp s bnh ln d tho (hnh
177 [1])
Cc trc ca hp c np y bng gang c C 12-28 v C 15-32


nng np hp hay nng c hp gim tc loi nhe ngi ta dng cc bu long
vng. ng knh bu long vng chn theo trng lng hp gim tc trong bng
63[1] bng 64[1[ cho s b trng lng mt s loi hp gim tc
V cu to ca v hp c phi m bo nhng yu cu v nghing c ,
bn knh gc ln v v kch thc chuyn tip (bng 66 67 [1]) . gc ln ca
nhng chi tit my c xc nh nh sau : i vi thnh dy 25 mm th ly 1/3 v
ti thnh dy hn th ly bng 1/5 trung bnh cng chiu dy ca cc thnh ni tip
nhau
Cc quy chun cho cc rnh (gost 2716-44) nh sau : 1, 2,
3,5,,8,10,15,20,25,30,40 mm
Hp gim tc v ng c in thng lp trn 1 tm bng gang c hay 1 tm
bng thp hn ghp cht bng bu long vi hp gim tc . S lng bu lng
v ng knh ca n chn theo nhng cng thc kinh nghm nh trn . Sau khi
quy nh v tr ca bu long ri th nghm li sc bn
Lc , nu thy ti trng ca bu long cha cng khng nn gim ng knh
hay s lng bu long.. Nhng tri li, nu ng sut trong bu long ln hn ng
sut cho php
Cc kch thc b sung
Chiu dy (khng c phn li ) s
`1
=1.3 d
=26 mm

Tnh ton bnh rng
Bnh rng ln
Bnh rng c ng knh ln hn 200 mm v nh hn 500 mm nn l loi
bnh rng rn c khot lm v c 4 l
M un m
n
=2
ng knh vng chia d
c
2
= 363.6 mm
Chiu cao rng h = 2,25m
n
=4,5 mm
Chiu cao u rng h = m
n
=2 mm
h hng tm c =0,25m
n
=0,5 mm


ng knh vng chn rng D
i2
= d
c2

- 2m
n
-2c =358,6 mm
ng knh vng nh rng D
e2
= d
c2
+ 2m
n
= 367,6 mm
ng knh moay d
m2
=1,6.d
b
vi d
b2
=55 mm l ng knh trc ti bnh
rng => d
m2
= 88 mm
ng knh trong vnh a D
o2
=D
e2
-10.m
n
= 347,6 mm
ng knh vng ttn

tm cc l trn a D=0,6.(D
o2
+d
m2
) = 273,4
ng knh l trn a d
02
=0,25.(D
0
-d
m
)= 65 mm
Chiu dy a K= 0,5b =20 mm
Chiu di moay l
m
=[1.0;1,5]d
b
chn l
m
=60 mm
Bnh rng nh
Bnh rng c ng knh nh vi ng knh vng y t chnh lch so vi
ng knh trc nn c ch to lin trc
M un m
n
=2
ng knh vng chia d
c1
= 36.4 mm
Chiu cao rng h = 2,25m
n
=4,5 mm
Chiu cao u rng h = m
n
=2 mm
h hng tm c =0,25m
n
=0,5 mm
ng knh vng chn rng D
i1
= d
c2

2,4m
n
=31,6 mm
ng knh vng nh rng D
e1
= d
c2
+ 2m
n
= 40,4 mm

Cn c vo bn v phc hp gim tc v cc tnh ton thc hin , xc nh cu to
hp gim tc dng chng ca hp gim tc . dng chung ca hp gim tc c trnh
by trn hnh vi 2 hnh chiu


3.2.7 tnh chnh xc trc
Cn c vo bn v hp gim tc v cc kch thc sau cng cho trn bn v m tnh
chnh xc trc
Mc ch ca vic tnh chnh xc trc l xc nh h s an ton thc nhng tit din
nguy him ca trc
3.2.7.1 Xc nh h s an ton trc quay nhanh . i vi tit din trng tit din gia
bnh rng nh khng cn xc nh h s an ton v ng sut gi trong tit din ny
rt nh. H s an ton rt cao
Xc nh h s an ton i vi tit din u ra ca trc c k n s tp trung ng
sut rnh then. i vi thp 40XH
-1
= 35 kg/mm
2
;
-1
= 0,58 ;
-1
= 0,58.35 =
20,3kg/mm
2

H s an ton
n = n

=

bin v ng sut trung bnh ca chu k tip (ng sut thay i theo chu k mnh
ng ).
V
=
m
=

M men cn c cc theo tit din rng
W
p rng
=

()

()
= 1,4279 cm
3

y t = 3,5 mm, b= 6 mm(bng 28[1])
V
=
m
=
=91,5515 kg/cm
2

*
=0,83 (bng 23[1]); k
1,77 (bng26[1]);
= 0,1 (bi 16[1])

n=n
= 9,9319
3.2.7.2 xc nh h s an ton cho tit din ca trc quay chm ch gia bnh
rng


Ly vt liu l thp 45 vi c tnh

B
= 60 kg/mm
2
,

T
= 30 kg/mm
2

-1
0,43.
B
= 0,43.60 = 25,8 kg/mm
2

-1
0,58.
-1
= 0,58.25,8 = 14,964 kg/mm
2

Nu ng sut php thay i theo chu k i xng th h s an ton theo ng sut
php l
n

=

Bin ca ng sut php
v
=
max
=

M=
= 462,2288
W
rng
=

()

()

()
= 14,5156 cm
3

v
=
= 31,8436 kg/cm
2

H s an ton theo ng sut php
0,8 ; k
=1,67
n

=
=38,8125
H s an ton ng sut tip thay i theo chu k mch ng
n

=



v
=
m
=

w
p rng
=

()

()

()
= 30,8495 cm
3

v
=
m
=
= 42,3755 kg/cm
2

=0,69 ; k
= 1,52 ;

=0,1
n

=
= 15,3341
H s an ton tng qut tnh theo cng thc (115)[1]

n =
= 14,2614

ng nh ta mong i, kt qu tnh gn ng h s an ton rt ln
H s an ton i vi u ra ca trc quay chm c xc nh cng nh trc quay
nhanh , nhng ch tnh theo ng sut tip ( y khng tin hnh tnh ton, nhng theo
kt qu ca vic nh h s an ton tit din gia v nu ch rng tr s ng sut
cho php ly rt thp khi tnh gn ng , c th tin rng h s an ton tit din ny
rt cao)
3.2.8 tnh nghim bu lng nn
Lc tc dng ln bu lng chu ti trng ln nht, tnh theo cng thc (149)[1]:
P
1x
=
)

(M
onpx
= M lt quanh trc x)


Khng k n m men gy ra bi trng lng hp gim tc c :
M
onpx
= M
b
+ M
r
= 261,4528+2614,5279 = 2875,9807 kg.cm
Theo hnh v(hnh ) l
1x
= ;l
2x
=
P
1x
=
)

Chn bu lng nn c ren M 20. ng sut tnh trong bu lng chu ti trng ln nht l
=
= kg/cm
2
< []
p
[]
p
= (bi 40 [1])
kt lun phn ny , cn ch mt s c im cu to ca hp gim tc c
thit k (hnh 237)
1. nhng vng trong ca dc lp cht vi trc nh di ( ch to ch lp ghp
theo ghp cng hng chnh xc 2 trong h thng l )
2. nhng trc lp trn nhng ng lt c bit, cc ng lt ny cng ng thi l np
3. khong h nhit gia vnh ngoi ca v np c bo m nh b m kim loi
iu chnh, cc ming m c t trn nhng ci g gia np v thn
4. nhng np trc thng, c nhng b phn lm kn ch to lin trn np
5. hn ch du vng vo , trn trc quay nhanh t vng chn du 6
6. bnh rng c nh trn trc nh mt bn l vai trc, bn kia l mt ng lt
7. kim sot mc du, dng thc ch mc du cn c vo nguyn tc bnh thng
y
8. nt tho du(chi tit 10), cho du chy ra c thun tin, cn t v tr thp
nht ca hp gim tc
9. mun du v thnh thong xem xt hp gim tc, dng mt ci ca trn np
14 ca ny c mt nt thng hi 15

3.2.7 Bng cc iu p, tr s si ch gii hn v ung si p ghp :


Kiu lp ghp: Ta chn kiu lp ghp chung l H7/k6 (dng cho mi ghp khng yu
cu tho lp thng xuyn, tho khng thun tin hoc c th gy h hi cc chi tit
c ghp; kh nng nh tm ca mi ghp cao hn khi m bo chiu di may l
(1,2..1,5)d (d - ng knh trc), chng hn lp bnh rng, vng trong ln, a xch
ln trc, lp cc lt, tang quay; cc chi tit cn phng quay v di trt), mt s kiu
lp khc phi dng kiu lp lng D8/k6 (v d bc lt vi trc)
Bng k cc kiu lp ghp tra theo bng
5
[3]
30
cho H7,
5
[3]
31
cho D8,
4
[3]
27
cho
d11,
4
[3]
23
cho k6 :

Kiu lp gia
Trc 1 Trc 2 Trc 3
Kiu
lp
Dung
sai

Kiu
lp
Dung
sai
Kiu lp Dung
sai

(m) (m) (m)

Ni trc n hi
trc

u65
6
7
k
H

+30
0

+21
+2
ln trc

u35k6 +18
+2
u45k6 +18
+2
u70k6 +21
+2
V hp ln

u72H7 +30
0
u85H7 +35
0
u110H7 +35
0

Bnh rng trc

u30
6
7
k
H

+21
0

u52
6
7
k
H

+30
0

u75
6
7
k
H

+30
0
+15
+2
+21
+2
+21
+2

+98
+65

+119
+80

+146
+100


Vng chn m trc
u30
8
6
D
k

+15
+2
u45
8
6
D
k

+18
+2
u70
8
6
D
k

+21
+2

Np v hp

u72
7
11
H
d

+30
0

u85
7
11
H
d

+35
0

u110
7
11
H
d

+35
0
-100
-290
-120
-340
-120
-340

Cc lt V hp

u92
7
6
H
k

+35
0

+25
+3

Bc lt Trc

u65
8
6
D
k

+146
+100
+21
+2

3.2.8 Chn v tnh ton ni trc.
* Chn khp ni: Chn khp ni ta cn da vo iu kin lm vic c cu v iu
kin kinh t m chn loi khp ni thit k.Yu cu y l khp ni cn m bo
iu kin sau:
+ Moment xon ln.
+ C cu nh gn.
+ Lm vic an ton.
+ D gia cng ,d ch to.
+ Gim va p, chn ng.
Da vo nhng yu cu trn ta chn phng n ni trc vng n hi.V loi ny m
bo cho h thng lm vic an ton trnh lm vic trong iu kin qu ti cho php c
th gy h hng.Gi thnh khng cao v d gia cng ch to lp rp.
* Tnh ton ni trc vng n hi gia trc ng c v trc u vo hp gim
tc:
Thng s : N = 5,5 Kw ; n = 1440 v/ph ; d = 20 (mm )
Mmen xon truyn qua ni trc:
M
x
= 9,55.10
6
. (N/n) = 9,55.10
6
. (5,5/ 1440)= 36,475 (N.m)
Mmen tnh:
M
t
= K.M
x
=1,5. 36,475 = 54,71 (N.m)


Theo tr s mmen tnh v ng knh trc chn kch thc ni trc [Ti liu [2]-
bng 9-11) - [1] )
cc k hiu xem [Ti liu [2]- hnh (9-13) ]
d= 28(mm) ; D=120 (mm) d
0
= 28 (mm)
l= 62 (mm) c=4 (mm) D
0
=78 (mm)
Kch thc cht:
d
c
= 14 (mm) l
c
= 32(mm) Ren M10
s cht : Z= 4
Kch thc vng n hi :
ng knh ngoi 27 mm
Chiu di ton b cc vng l
v
= 28(mm)
Chn vt liu: Ni trc lm bng gang C 21-40, cht bng thp 45 thng ha, vng
n hi bng cao su
ng sut cho php ca vng su l []
d
= 2 N/mm
2

ng sut un cho php ca cht []
u
= 60N/mm
2

Ti liu tham kho
[1]: thit k mn hc chi tit my K.N. BKV, GH.M. ITSKVITCH,
V.A. KIXLIEV, S.A. TCHECNAVSKI-Nh xut bn gio dc 1963
[2]: Thit k chi tit my-Nguyn Trng Hip, Nguyn Vn Lm - Nh xut
bn gio dc 1999(ti bn ln th 14 )
[3]: My xy dng( phn bi tp) Phm Quang Dng, Nguyn Vn Hng,
Lu B Thun - nh xut bn khoa hc k thut
[4]: Hng dn thit k n mn hc chi tit my-tm tt 2009



Chnh sa trc 2
Trucj 2
Ca mnh
3.2.4.7 Xc nh ng knh u ra ca trc quay chm theo xon
d
T
=

M
k
= M
t
= 71620.
=71620. 5,2568/144= 2614,5279 kg.cm

d
T
=
= 3,7395 cm
theo GOST 6636-53( 6270)
ly d
T
=40 mm
3.2.4.8 Tnh ton gn ng trc quay chm chu tc dng ng thi ca un v xon
Vic phc ho cu to ca trc tin hnh tng t nh i vi trc quay nhanh. Cc
ng knh ca trc xc nh theo cu to cn c vo ng knh u ra ca trc .
trc, ta ly d
n
=50mm v ch lp bnh rng ly d = 55 mm
Bn v trc , cc lc tnh ton v biu m men trnh by trn hnh
R
CX
= R
DX
=
=143,7279 / 2 =71,864 kg
= 0
R
Dy
=
= 65,613 kg



R
Cy
= T R
Dy
= 52,8411 65,613 = 12,7719 kg
R
Cy
c chiu ngc vi R
Dy

3.2.4.9 Chn trc quay chm - v lc chiu trc ch n khp khng nh nn ta
chn bi D ti trng ln hn, do tnh ton theo ny* ti trng hng tm
tng cng :
= 97,3114 kg
Ti trng thu gn
Q
D
=(R
D
. k
k
+m.A).k
.k
T
; m= 1,5 (bng 48 [1]) ;k
= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

k
= 1,0 ;
k
T
= 1,0 (bi 34 [1]) ch thch
Q
D
= (97,3114.1,0 + 1,5.20,4801 ).1,3.1,0 = 166,441 kg
trc
C = Q
D
.(n.h)
0,3
= 166,441. ()
= 9516,1234
Chn trc N210 vi C = 42000 cao hn nhiu so vi tr s cn thit
3.2.4.10 Tnh gn ng trc quay chm khi chu tc dng ng thi un xon
M
K
= M
T
= 2614,5279 kg.cm
M
y
= M
P
=
= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

M
x
= R
Dy
.
= 65,613.4,75 = 311,6618 kg.cm

sc bn )
M
kb
=



=
= 2310,9463 kg.cm
kb
=
= 138,8999 kg/cm
2
< [
-1
]
u

[
-1
]
u
= 600 kg/cm
2

( cng c th)

Ca b nam

P
2

Trc II :

R
Cx

R
Cy
R
Dx

a b l

C: P
2
=1324 (N) ; P
r2
= 482 (N) ;
b = a = 40 mm ; (a+b) = 80 (mm) ; l=76 (mm)
d
2
l ng knh vng chia bnh rng b dn trn trc II, d
2
= 363,6 (mm)
Lc vng ca bnh rng nn : Pn
1
= 4277 (N)
Lc hng tm ca bnh rng nn: Pn
r1
=1545 (N)
Lc dc trc ca bnh rng nn : Pn
a1
=193 (N)
Pn
a
1
Pn
r
1
Pn
1



ng knh vng chia trung bnh ca bnh rng nn : d
tb1
= 88,2 (mm)
Tnh phn lc cc gi :
mC
y
= P
r2
.a+ R
Dy
.(a+b) - Pn
r1
.(a+b+l) + Pn
a1
.
= 0
R
Dy
=
()
()

= 2235 (N)
R
Cy
= Pn
r1
- R
Dy
- P
r2
= -1545 + 2235 + 482 = 1172 (N)

mC
x
= P
2
.a - R
Dx
.(a+b)+ Pn
1
. (a+b+l) = 0
R
Dx
=
()
=
( )
= 7717 (N)
R
Cx
= -Pn
1
-P
2
+ R
Dx
= -(4277+1324)+7717= 2216 (N)
Tnh moment ti tit din nguy him :
Ti tit din b-b : M
ue-e
=

M
uy
= R
Cy
.a =1172.58,5 =68562 (N.mm)
M
ux
= R
Cx
.a= 2216.58.5 = 129636(N.mm)
M
ub-b
= 146650 (Nmm)
M
td
=
=149882
(N.mm)
Chn ]= 50 N/mm
2

* ng knh trc ti tit din b-b :
d
b-b

= 31,06 (mm)
chn d
b-b
= 40 (mm) d thm phn rnh then v chn trc d gia cng .
* Ti tit din c-c :
M
uy
= -Rn
r1
.c+ 0.5 d
tb.
Pn
a
= -76. 1545+ 0,5.88,2.193= 108908(Nmm)
M
ux
= Pn
1
.c= 4277. 76= 325052 (Nmm)


M
ui-i
= 342811(Nmm)
[] = 70 N/mm
2
bng 7-3(TKCTM)
M
x
= M
nx
- M
gtx
= - (Nmm)
M
td
=
= 379245 (Nmm)
ng knh trc ti tit din c-c :
d
c-c

= 39,83 (mm) ,chn d

c-c
= 40 (mm)
Vy trong trng hp ny nn ta chn li ng knh trc ti tit din b b l 45
(mm) v ti c-c l 40 (mm)

đồ án máy trộn bê tông "hộp giảm tốc 1 cấp"

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đồ án máy trộn bê tông "hộp giảm tốc 1 cấp"

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n thit k my GVHD: V Nh Thnh

SVTH: Nguyn Ngc nh trang 1

3,92 [Kw] 5.2568 (hp)

. 340,2116= 356,8169 ( N/mm

= 1,6 (h s tp trung ng sut)

= 5,2568.1,1 / 144 = 0,0402

=10 tc l trng vi t s truyn ng yu cu

= 60/27,3 = 2,1798 >1,5

= 40/36,4 = 1,0989 < 1,5 (t yu cu)

(tho nh tnh trn)

=71620. 5,2568/1440 = 261,4528 kg.cm

= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

= 30,1641.4,75 = 143,2795 kg.cm

=71620. 5,2568/144= 2614,5279 kg.cm

= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

= 65,613.4,75 = 311,6618 kg.cm

y L v B l chiu rng v chiu di ca

=0,83 (bng 23[1]); k

= 0,1 (bi 16[1])

=71620. 5,2568/144= 2614,5279 kg.cm

= 1,3 (bng 49 [1]); k

= (143,7279.9,5) /4 =341,3538 kg.cm

= 65,613.4,75 = 311,6618 kg.cm

= 39,83 (mm) ,chn d

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