EXPERIMENT NO 5 COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

AIM: To design a colpitts oscillator for a frequency of _____ Hz using multisim software.

APPARATUS:

S.NO 1 2

Name of the Component Transistor Resistors

Value of the Component BC107 R1( 22 K) R2( 2.2 K) R3( 2.2 K) R4( 1 K)

Number Required 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Capacitors

C1( 0.1 F) C2( 0.01 F) C3,C4(10 F) C5(47 F)

4 5 6

Inductor CRO Multisim Software

L( 100 H)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

THEORY: An oscillator is an electronic circuit for generating an ac signal using dc supply as the input. The frequency of the generated signal is decided by the circuit elements. An oscillator operates as a positive feedback amplifier. The Barkhausen criterion for sustaining oscillations is the loop gain A = 1 where A is the gain of the amplifier and is the feedback factor. The unity gain means signal is in phase. (If the signal is 180 0 out of phase, gain will be -1.)
A Colpitts oscillator, invented in 1920 by American engineer Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a number of designs for electronic oscillator circuits using the combination of an inductance (L) with a capacitor (C) for frequency determination, thus also called LC oscillator. The distinguishing feature of the Colpitts circuit is that the feedback signal is taken from a voltage divider made by two capacitors in series. One of the advantages of this circuit is its simplicity; it needs only a single inductor. The frequency is generally determined by the inductor and the two capacitors at the Tank circuit.

The resonant frequency of the circuit is calculated as follows:

Among

PROCEDURE: 1. Collect all the components and place them on the circuit board of multisim. 2. Connect all the components as per the circuit diagram. 3. Run the so connected circuit. 4. Observe the output waveform in CRO and calculate the frequency and amplitude of the waveform from CRO 5. Compare practical and theoretical values of frequency.

MODEL GRAPH:

CALCULATIONS:
Theoretical frequency

where

Practical frequency

f=1/T

where T is the time period of the output wave measured from the CRO

peak amplitude =

OBSERVATIONS:

Theoretical S.NO frequency in Hz

Practical
frequency in Hz

CONCLUSIONS: colpitts oscillator for a frequency of ____is designed.

EXPERIMENT NO 6 HARTLEY OSCILLATOR

AIM: To design a Hartley oscillator for a frequency of _____ using multisim software.

APPARATUS:

S.NO 1 2

Name of the Component Transistor Resistors

Value of the Component BC107 R1( 22 K) R2( 2.2 K) R3( 2.2 K) R4( 1 K)

Number Required 1 1 1 1 1

Capacitors

C ( 10 F) C1,C3(10 F) C2(47 F) 1 1 1 1 1

Inductor

L1( 3 H) L2( 30 m H)

5 6

CRO Multisim Software

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

HARTLEY OSCILLATOR THEORY: An oscillator is an electronic circuit for generating an ac signal using dc supply as the input. The frequency of the generated signal is decided by the circuit elements. An oscillator operates as a positive feedback amplifier. The Barkhausen criterion for sustaining oscillations is the loop gain A = 1 where A is the gain of the amplifier and is the feedback factor. The unity gain means signal is in phase. (If the signal is 180 0 out of phase, gain will be -1.)

The Hartley oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses an inductor and a capacitor in parallel to determine the frequency. Invented in 1915 by American engineer Ralph Hartley, the distinguishing feature of the Hartley circuit is that the feedback needed for oscillation is taken from a tap on the coil, or the junction of two coils in series.

The frequency is generally determined by the inductor and the two capacitors at the Tank circuit.

The formula L = L1 + L2 +2 M is the total loop inductance.

PROCEDURE:

1. Collect all the components and place them on the circuit board of multisim. 2. Connect all the components as per the circuit diagram. 3. Run the so connected circuit. 4. Observe the output waveform in CRO and calculate the frequency and amplitude of the waveform from CRO 5. Compare practical and theoretical values of frequency. MODEL GRAPH:

CALCULATIONS:
Theoretical frequency

Practical frequency

f=1/T

where T is the time period of the output wave measured from the CRO

peak amplitude =

OBSERVATIONS:

Theoretical S.NO frequency in Hz

Practical
frequency in Hz

CONCLUSIONS: Hartley oscillator for a frequency of ____is designed.