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The field GF(2), the simplest Galois Field, is extremely useful for (classical) computer.
Physically:
we can implement a bit with an electric circuit, e.g., zero volts(binary 0) or +5 volts(binary 1), etc.
We are dealing with a two-state system.
by waves.
The position and momentum
by Schrdinger equations .
The measurements
characterized by probabilities.
The entanglement Schrdingers cat. Uncertainty Principle. Quantum superposition, etc.
here , are complex numbers. The laws of quantum mechanics tell us that the modulus squared of , in (1) gives us the probability of finding the qubit in state |0 > or |1 >, respectively.
It is useful to express a state of a single qubit graphically. Let us parameterize a one-qubit state | > with and as
|(, ) > =
cos (/2)|0 > + exp(i) sin( /2)|1 >.
QUANTUM COMPUTING(MATH)
web
http://theory.caltech.e du/people/preskill/ph22 9/