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CHM1312/ Tutorial on Electrochemistry (A2 syllabus) The diagram below shows the apparatus used for determining the standard electrode potential of a solution of an element in different oxidation states.

a Name the pieces of apparatus and chemicals labelled A to E. b i What are the two functions of part E? ii Explain how part E is prepared. Give the contents of the left-hand beaker required to determine the electrode potentials for the following half-cell reactions: a c Br2(aq) + 2e 2Br(aq)
+ 2+

[5] [2] [3]

[2] [3] [2] [2]

b MnO4 (aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e Mn (aq) + 4H2O(l) Fe (aq) + e Fe (aq)

3+ 3+ 2+ 2+

d Cr (aq) + e Cr (aq)
3 Using the data sheet on standard electrode potentials, calculate the standard cell potentials of the following cells: a Cl2/Cl and Fe2+/Fe b Pb2+/Pb and Ag+/Ag c Zn2+/Zn and Cu2+/Cu d Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cl2/Cl e Sn4+/Sn2+ and MnO4/Mn2+ For each cell in question 3, give the negative and positive terminals. For the cells featured in question 3, give the equation for the cell reaction taking place. Using standard electrode potentials, explain whether or not the following reactions can take place under standard conditions: a 2Fe3+ + Zn 2Fe2+ + Zn2+ b H2 + Zn2+ 2H+ + Zn c 2H+ + Pb H2 + Pb2+ d I2 + 2Fe2+ 2I + 2Fe3+ e Ni + 2Ag+ Ni2+ + 2Ag The diagram below shows an electrochemical cell involving two metal/metal-ion systems.

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [5] [10]

4 5 6

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a b c

Using the data sheet, calculate the cell voltage. Show your working. Give the balanced ionic equation for the overall cell reaction. In this reaction: i Which substance is oxidised? Explain your answer. ii Which substance is reduced? Explain your answer. iii In which direction do electrons flow?

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The diagram below shows an electrochemical cell.

a b c

d 9

What is the pressure of the chlorine gas under standard conditions? Name the apparatus labelled A and give its function in the cell. i Give the two ionic equations for the reactions happening in the two half-cells. ii Give the equation for the overall cell reaction occurring between chlorine and Fe2+ ions. Using the values for the standard electrode potentials for these two half-reactions from the data sheet, calculate the voltage of the cell. Show your working.

[1] [3] [2] [1] [2]

When a solution of copper(I) sulfate is left to stand, a red solid appears and the solution changes from colourless to blue. Explain these observations. Your should: identify the products use the electrode potentials shown on the data sheet to explain the reaction taking place name the type of reaction taking place give a balanced ionic equation for the reaction.

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CHM1312/MS Tutorial on Electrochemistry (A2 syllabus)

A = hydrogen gas at 1 atm pressure (101 kPa) B = 1.00 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid C = platinum electrode D = platinum electrode E = salt bridge b i to complete the circuit to maintain an ionic balance ii soak filter paper in saturated potassium nitrate solution 1.00 mol dm3 Br2(aq) 1.00 mol dm3 Br(aq), e.g. KBr(aq) b 1.00 mol dm3 KMnO4(aq) 1.00 mol dm3 Mn2+(aq), e.g. MnSO4(aq) 0.5 mol dm3 H2SO4 or 1.00 mol dm3 HNO3 (not HCl) c 1.00 mol dm3 FeCl3(aq) or Fe(NO3)3(aq) 1.00 mol dm3 Fe2+(aq), e.g. FeSO4(aq) d 1.00 mol dm3 Cr3+(aq), e.g. CrCl3 1.00 mol dm3 Cr2+(aq), e.g. CrCl2 a a b c d e a b c d e a Eocell = +1.36 (0.44) = +1.80 V Eocell = +0.80 (0.13) = +0.93 V Eocell = +0.34 (0.76) = +1.10 V Eocell = +1.36 (+0.77) = +0.59 V Eocell = +1.52 (+0.15) = +1.37 V The Cl2/Cl (platinum electrode) is the positive; Fe2+/Fe is negative. The Ag+/Ag is the positive; Pb2+/Pb is negative. The Cu2+/Cu is the positive; Zn2+/Zn is negative. The Cl2/Cl (platinum electrode) is the positive; Fe3+/Fe2+ is negative. The MnO4/Mn2+ (platinum electrode) is the positive; Sn4+/Sn2+ is negative.

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Cl2 + Fe Fe2+ + 2Cl correct reactants and products correctly balanced b Pb + 2Ag+ Pb2+ + 2Ag correct reactants and products correctly balanced c Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu correct reactants and products correctly balanced d Cl2 + 2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 2Cl correct reactants and products correctly balanced e 2MnO4 + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+ correct reactants and products correctly balanced

It will take place because the redox equilibrium 2e + Zn2+ Zn has a more negative standard electrode potential than e + Fe3+ Fe2+ [1] This means that the first equilibrium has a greater tendency to lose electrons [1] therefore it can proceed to the left and the second one can proceed to right. [1] + b It will not take place because the redox equilibrium 2e + 2H H2 has a more positive standard electrode potential than 2e + Zn2+ Zn [1] This means that the first equilibrium has a greater tendency to accept electrons. [1] Therefore it cannot proceed to left and hence the second one cannot proceed to right. [1] 2+ c It will take place because the redox equilibrium 2e + Pb Pb has a more negative standard electrode potential than 2e + 2H+ H2 [1] This means that the first equilibrium has a greater tendency to lose electrons [1] therefore it can proceed to left and the second one can proceed to right. [1] d It will not take place because the redox equilibrium e + Fe3+ Fe2+ has a more positive standard electrode potential than 2e + I2 2I [1] This means that the first equilibrium has a greater tendency to accept electrons. [1] Therefore it cannot proceed to left and hence the second one cannot proceed to right. [1] 2+ e It will take place because the redox equilibrium 2e + Ni Ni has a more negative standard electrode potential than e + Ag+ Ag [1] This means that the first equilibrium has a greater tendency to lose electrons [1] + therefore it can proceed to left and the Ag /Ag equilibrium can proceed to right. [1] a

The two relevant half-cell reactions and standard electrode potentials are: Cu2+ + e Cu+ Cu+ + e Cu Eo = +0.15 V Eo = +0.52 V [1]

both are needed for the 1 mark

The Cu2+/Cu+ half-equation has the more negative Eo value; therefore Cu+ (first half-equation) releases electrons to reduce Cu+ (second half-equation) or the first half-equation proceeds to the left, and the second half-equation proceeds to the right. The Cu+ disproportionates or is both oxidised and reduced to give Cu (copper metal, the red solid) and Cu2+ ions (the blue solution). The overall reaction is 2Cu+(aq) Cu(s) + Cu2+(aq).

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