FINAL EXAMINATION IDE-411 (IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING) CREDITS : 3+1=4 OBJECTIVE

TIME : 30 Min. MM : 20 NOTE : Attempt all questions, each carry equal marks. Cutting and over writing is not allowed. I. 1. 2. 3. Fill in the blanks with most appropriate words: The south-west monsoon originates from .. In the unsteady flow the flow characteristics changes with.... at a channel cross section. If b is bed width, d is depth of water flow and is the angle between side and horizontal, the best hydraulic cross section of a trapezoidal channel under favourable structural condition is .. Non-reinforced concrete pipes are generally used for operating heads not exceeding .. An abrupt major difference in contour interval implies a .... in slope. For moderate to flat land slopes the .. .of land leveling design is adapted. .. soils contains more or less equal amounts of sand, silt and clay. The ratio of volume of pores and total soil volume is termed as . The volume of water present in the total pore volume is termed as

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. The total quantity of water that enters the soil in a given time is termed as .. II. 11. A. C. 12. A. C. Encircle the most appropriate answer of the following multiple choice type questions: The relative proposition of sand, silt and clay determines the Soil Texture Soil Profile The soil consistency varies with Soil Texture Organic Matter B. D. Soil Structure All of above B. D. Soil Structure Crystal Structure

13. A. C. 14. A. C. 15. A. C. 16. A. C. 17. A. C. 18. A. C. 19. A. C.

Water held tightly to the surface of soil particles by adsorption forces is Capillary Water Ground Water B. D. Hygroscopic Water Gravitational Water

The maximum non-erosive flow rate in a furrow at slope S is equal to 0.60/S 0.60 S B. D. 0.60S S/0.60

The soil which has low permeability, become hard on drying and plastic on wetting is termed as Dispersed Soil Saline Soil B. D. Alkali Soil Red Soil

The water of low salinity (EC<3 mmhos/cm) is generally composed of Low Ca, Mg and High HCO3-Low Ca, Mg and HCO3-B. D. high Ca, Mg and HCO3-High Ca, Mg and low HCO3--

Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is termed as Moisture Equivalent Available Water B. D. Soil Water Water holding capacity

Water application efficiency decreases as the water applied during each irrigation Increases Doesnt have any relation The crown root in Wheat crop develops 3 cm below soil surface 2 cm below soil surface B. D. 10 cm below soil surface 5 cm below soil surface B. D. Decreases None of these

20. A.

Field irrigation requirement of crop is water requirement of crop Inclusive of effective rainfall and contribution from soil profile Exclusive of effective rainfall and contribution from soil profile B. In root zone

C.

D.

B and C

III.

Match the Items of Column A with most suitable ones of Column B: Column A Column B A B Void Ratio 1/3 to 31 atmosphere

21 22

The Irrigation Commission Flow in upper portion of steep channel near entrance Flow in diversion channels Relative Porosity Hygroscopic Water Soil moisture tension at field capacity Close growing crops Running water in small furrows down the slope Process of dissolving and transporting soluble salts downward with water through soil Capillary water tension

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

C D E F G H I

Border Irrigation 1972 Not available to Plants Leaching Non-uniform flow 1/10 to 1/3 atmosphere Corrugation Irrigation

30

Unsteady Flow

IV.

Write TRUE or FALSE against each statement: [ [ [ ] ] ]

31. The clay soils contains more than 45 percent silt and sand. 32. The diameter of outer cylinder of concentric cylinder infiltrometer is about 60 cm. 33. Under saturated or nearly saturated condions the percolation and infiltration rate are same.

34. The flow in soils of various texture is in the sequence of Sand>Loam>Clay 35. The pressure drop in head of drip system including filter is of the tune of 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm2 36. Soil survey furnish information relative to infiltration and hydraulic conductivity. 37. The water surface in field channels should be higher than the field to be irrigated. 38. Contour lines, in a depression, crosses each other. 39. Volume wetness is the ratio of volume of water to total volume of soil. 40. The transfer of water vapours from living plant body to atmosphere is known as transpiration.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] ] ] ] ] ] ]

FINAL EXAMINATION IDE-411 (IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING) CREDITS : 3+1=4 DESCRIPTIVE
TIME : 2 hrs. MM : 30 NOTE : Attempt any FOUR of the following. Each questions carry equal marks. 1. (a) Estimate the mean velocity of flow and carrying capacity of a lined channel, rectangular in section with a bottom width of 50 cm and depth of flow of 25 cm (inside). Single layer bricks are laid in cement mortar with a cement plaster 8 mm thick. The slope of the channel is 2 meter per kilometer. Mannings = 0.015. Show that half a square is the best discharging rectangular section. A stream of 135 liters per second was diverted from a canal and 100 liters per second was delivered to the field. An area of 1.6 hectares was irrigated in eight hours. The effective root zone depth was 1.8 m. The runoff loss in the field was 432 cubic meter. The depth of water penetration varied linearly from 1.8 m at head end to 1.2 m at tail end of the field. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20 cm per meter depth of soil. Irrigation was started at a moisture extraction level of 50 per cent of the available moisture. Determine a) Water conveyance efficiency b) Water application efficiency c) Water storage efficiency, and d) Water distribution efficiency a) b) Discuss the suitability and types of furrows in details. Furrows 90 m long and spaced 75 cm apart are irrigated by an initial furrow stream of two liters per second. The initial furrow stream reached the lower end of the field in 50 minutes. The size of the stream was then reduced to 0.5 liters per second. The cut back stream continued for 1.0 hour. Estimate the average depth of irrigation. Discuss, in details, the common problems that result from using the poor quality water. Discuss the suitability criteria of water for irrigation. Write short notes on ANY FIVE of the following a) Corrugation furrows b) Causes of water logging c) Suitability criteria for sub-surface drainage d) Open drop structures e) Factors influencing effective rainfall f) Recession Flow

4.0 3.5 7.5

(b) 2.

3.

4.0 3.5

4.

a) b)

5.0 2.5 7.5

5.