AIT2A Group1 GC- Apolonio, Karissa Bea AC- Servidad, Karol Faea Sec- Sto.

Domingo, Mariella Miscellaneous- Batanes, Ejay Gonio, Guian Literary Appreciation Indoy: Appreciation means favorable or grateful recognition Sto.Domingo: Or simply to give value fairly. Apolonio: On the other hand, literary means of or concerned with books or literature Gonio: Together they form the word Literary Appreciation simply means the ability to understand, enjoy and evaluate works of Literature. Literature may be in a form of poems, short stories Servidad: novels, plays, essays. Poetry may bewitch a reader. All: Bewitch? Hihihi ?(witch sound) Batanes: Bewitch..meaning enchant or charm a reader. Why? Because poetry has a beauty of its form, the texture, the unconscious will. Esperida: And its very challenging when images and symbols are present. Servidad: One example of poetry is Anecdote of a Jar by Wallace Stevens. Ambiguous at first, yes it has double meanings! Indoy: First: arts superiority to nature. The other is . . . -Sto.Domingo: mans interference with nature. To get the correct interpretation, the reader should relate the images to one another. Apolonio: Second example of poetry is William Butter Yeats ,Byzantine. Everything is in the form of images like a bobbin bound in mummy cloth which only gives the idea of death. Gonio: The poem of W.H Andens Now the Leaves are Falling tells many things in which everything in it happens at the same time. Also it uses a lot of images that are juxtaposed or placed together for contrasting effect like the falling leaves Indoy, TJ Esperida, Karl

Esperida: the puppet like figures, hands freezing lonely on separate knees and death of the nurses. It is just very objective and impersonal. It tells many things but more importantly, it shares an experience. Batanes: Do you know the literature Ugly by Guy Da Maupassant? Well its a sad story because the main character there who is Lebeau struggled to find love but he experienced being hurt physically and emotionally. Servidad: Thats a short story right? A short story talks about life, human condition or mans struggle to find happiness. Also it contains elements like the plot, setting and character that help readers understand, visualize and get the main point of the story. Indoy: Wait up! But a novel and a drama have those elements too. How can readers distinguish each one? All: Yeah its quite confusing! Gonio: A novel is very lengthy with a lot of characters just like the novel War and Peace by Tolstoi. Apolonio: I just really adore novel writers. Can you mention some of its characters? Gonio: Oh, thats easy! They are too many to mention! Esperida: An essay is a short piece of expository prose. It may be classified into familiar and formal. A familiar essay shares the writers personal experience while the formal essay explains a theory, reflections or expresses views on literature. Sto.Domingo: An example of familiar essay is On Running After Ones Hat. Well G. K. Chesterton freely expressed his thoughts there. Apolonio: For formal essay an example is the Habit. It observes the principles of unity, coherence and emphasis. Indoy: Now, drama really differs to those kinds of literature mentioned earlier because it is told through dialogue. Servidad: It can be romantic, realistic and symbolic. Esperida: Romantic like the love of Psyche to Cupid? How Psyche went through all the impossible challenges of Venus just to be a worthy wife of Cupid. Classifications of Greek literature Sto.Domingo: Ok Karl, get over it, lets just proceed to the classifications of Greek literature. Batanes: Do you know that Greek literature is the oldest and the most influential literature in the western world?

All: Yes we do know. Gonio: Ok so lets talk about it. Apolonio: Well Greek literature is an interesting topic, especially Greek mythology. Gonio: Yes Mythology! Where there are Gods, where the drama happens, the triumphs, failures, hopes narrated thousands of years ago. Servidad: Greek literature is traditionally divided into types: Epic, poems, play, history, philosophical dialogues and treatises, legal speeches and political speeches. Then famous speech writers were: Lysias, Isocrates, and Demosthenes. Indoy: An epic is a long narrative poem concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. In classical periods Greek dramas just evolved from the song and dance in the ceremonies honoring Dionysus at Athens. Gonio: But whos Dionysus? Batanes: He was the God of the grape harvest, wine making and wine of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. Apolonio: In fifth century, tragedy was developed by the four greatest tragic dramatists in the history of theatre. One of them is Aeschylus who is the father of Greek tragedy, who wrote the trilogy Prometheus Bound, Prometheus Unbound, Prometheus the fire Bringer. Then, theres Sophocles, Aristophanes and Euripides, the most tragic. Sto.Domingo: Sophocles who wrote 100 plays and has the drama, Antigone. On the Contrary, Comedy literature arose also in honor for Dionysus. An example is Birds which ridiculed (mocked or insulted) Athenian democracy. Esperida: My Bird! There are 3 persons known in classical age. They are Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon, who wrote Hellenica. Servidad: But only Herodotus and Thucydides were the excellent historians who flowered during classical age. Then best known Greek new comedy writer is Menander. Indoy : Thucydides made the History of Peloponnesian War. Herodotus is the Father of History. There are 2 major lyrical poets: Sappho and Pindar. Gonio: On Hellenistic period the chief poets were: Theocritus, Callimachus and Apollonius of Rhodes. One of the most valuable contribution in Hellenistic period was the translation of the Old Testament into Greek. Batanes: On Roman Age great historians were: Timaeus,Polybius and have you ever wondered when encyclopedias flourished? All: When?

Batanes: Encyclopedias flourished on Byzantine Period. On Modern Greek the supreme achievement was A.D Erotokritos. To further details, The Korakistika, a lampoon written by Jakovakis Rizos Neroulos, is an example of Greek emerging nationalism. Apolonio: On Contemporary Literature, some famous representatives were Dionysios, Solomon, Andreas Kalvos Iliad Esperida: My friends, still remember the famous work of Homer entitled the Iliad and the Odyssey? Homer the blind man. Whose Greek name is Homeros which means hostage. Sto.Domingo: Illiad. The wrath of Achilles and the Trojan War! Everything happened all because of Helen. Well a truce or an agreement over Helen was observed by Paris and Menelaus but Aphrodite interrupted in the battle by helping Paris and for that the truce was broken. (Act.1, 2, page15) Apolonio: Yes, Achilles the undefeated warrior with a soft heart. Who is compassionate like when Achilles submitted to the plea of Priam to return the body of his son. I think that made Achilles the central figure of the epic poem. (Act.3, 2, page16) Servidad: Are there Achilles nowadays? Apolonio: Yes! Remember the flashflood that happened in Quezon City? There were heroic people like Achilles who rescued helpless victims despite the risks. (Act.3, 3, page16) Servidad: As mentioned earlier, the wrath of Achilles was caused when Agamemnon, the commander in chief of the Trojans took Briseis away from Achilles. Gonio: Oh Briseis..the slave prize of Achilles, the woman he fell in love with. All: Ah the magic of Love Indoy: And what ignited Achilles wrath the most, was when Trojans besieged, attacked or surrounded the Greeks and when his dearest friend, (Act.1, 1, page15) Patroclus was killed in battle by Hector, Trojan prince. (Act.3, 1, page16) Batanes: Achilles killed Hector right? Ares, God of War led or directed Achilles astray or off the right path. (Act.1, 4, page15) You see when we let anger overcome us, we do things without thinking about it. (Act.2, 1, page16) Indoy: Especially when we have that deep anger, we often forget and degrade other people unconsciously. (Act.2, 2, page16) Esperida: Indeed it was a bloody vengeance! Achilles even made a wrong decision by getting justice in the wrong way. (Act.2, 3, page16) Achilles even kept Hectors body because Hectors body was hot! Haha just kidding!

Mae: It really does no good to always feed your pride because it only fuels the fire of your anger. (Act.2, 4, page16) I remembered how Priam, Hectors father begged for the body of his son. It was such a humble and heart-melting act. (Act.2, 4, page16) Bea: Fighting arouse after that tragic incident. The start of Trojan War to be specific. Remember the big wooden horse? The offering of the Greeks? The access to the city? All: Indeed its a pro-war! (Act.3, 5, page16) Indoy and Gonio: Pro- war because battles are already normal for them. But was that a horse? Servidad: Yes it was guys! There killings happened and also the death of Achilles! Gonio: Achilles died for he was shot by an arrow on his heel. His heel which was vulnerable meaning easily affected. (Act.1, 3, page15) Inody: You are my Achilles heel. Judgement of Paris Gonio: Who among you is the fairest? Sto.Domingo: I, Hera, will make you Lord of Europe and Asia! Apolonio: I, Athena, would lead the Trojans to victory against the Greeks and lay Greece in ruins! Esperida: I, Aphrodite, promise that the fairest woman in all the world would be yours, yours, yours. Servidad: Truly, woman is mans weakness because of temptation. (Act.3, 2, page19) Then Paris gave the golden apple of Eris, goddess of Discord, to Aphrodite. All: Discord? Servidad: Discord means disagreement. (Act.1, 1, page18) Batanes: Thats just gross! Then after that the abduction or an act of kidnapping happened to Helen. (Act.1, 2, page18) Im sure that is Judgement of Paris by Homer. I really appreciate your acting guys! Bravo! Esperida: Paris accepted the enmity or the great hatred of the Greeks just to have Helen. (Act.1, 3, page18) Indoy: If you will choose between love, power and wisdom. Which one is your choice? Gonio: I will choose power! Because with power, I can do whatever I want and get whatever I like!

Sto.Domingo: Wisdom or intelligence will be my best choice. (Act.1, 5, page18) With wisdom, I could determine whats right and whats wrong. Esperida: Id prefer love. For a person like me, true love is hard to find. Servidad: Karl! Apolonio: Wisdom helps Love to have definition, and it helps Power to have meaning. You see, to have Love without Power means you will be sweet and kind but never make any progress towards fulfilling your lifes script. Batanes: As you can see, all three must be present for any part of life to have purpose. (Act.3, 3, page19) Gonio: Paris did not focus on the vanity or being conceited by the Goddesses but rather on the gifts(Act.1, 4, page18) Sto.Domingo: What is the implication of that kind of judgement at the present time? Esperida: Nowadays, most people base their judgement on the physical aspect. (Act.3, 1, page19) Servidad: Yes! If we will base our choices only on the physical aspect, we will not achieve real happiness. (Act.2, 2, page19) Apolonio: You see, Paris has choices yet he chose to have Helen and accept the hatred of the Greeks though he knows that decision will only create chaos between Trojans and Greeks. To be able to overcome such obstacles, a person must have an open mind. (Act.3, 4, page19) Odyssey Batanes: Cut it off! Lets proceed to Odyssey. The adventures, quest or search of the very bright (Act.1, 1, page21) (Act.3, 4, page21) Odysseus (called Ulysses in Latin). A Greek hero and king of Ithaca. Sto.Domingo: Odysseus quest started after the Trojan War. He was forced to wander for ten years before the Gods let him return home. All: Ten years?! Apolonio: Yes! And on the first island where they landed they were imprisoned by Polyphemus, a one-eyed giant. Indoy: Many people were imprisoned on that island and they were eaten alive by Polyphemus. Servidad: And the great Odysseus made a plan by exploiting or taking advantage of the stupidity or dullness of Polyphemus, the giant, that enabled him to escape. (Act.1, 2, page21)

Esperida: Odysseus made a prudent or cautious decision by plucking out Polyphemus single eye and left the island. No eyed giant! haha(Act.1, 3, page21) Sto.Domingo: After that adventure, they landed again on an island. Some of Odysseus men suffered and were transformed into pigs because they were tempted by Circe, an enchantress. They stayed on that island for one year. (Act.2, 3, page21) Esperida: Odysseus has to make Circes witchcraft useless to get back to their original being. Eventually, Circe allowed Odysseus and his men to leave the island. Since then they had a careful navigation or cautious travelling in a ship. (Act.1, 4, page21) Indoy: And after all the adventures, the challenges of Odysseus team had been through, Odysseus finally made it home because he is a man with self-discipline. (Act.2, 2, page21)Then all his men disappeared due to the offense they committed against the Sun of God. Gonio: Odysseus overcome the obstacles and temptations because he is eager to come home and is faithful to Penelope. (Act.3, 5, page21) Odysseus then met Athena in Ithaca and relates to him on what has been going on inside the palace. Apolonio: And after that Odysseus finally met his father. He found out the petty (a little or no importance) chieftains feasting daily in his palace, wasting his properties and also wooing his faithful wife, Penelope. (Act.3, 1, page21) Servidad: Odysseus arranged a situation where in all the suitors of Penelope were with him and he was armed in a room together with his son, Telemachus and Goddess Athena. Batanes: Odysseus ruled Ithaca wisely so that even enemies declare their loyalty to him. Indoy: What Ive learned from Odyssey is that obstacles can be and would be easier if we dont over think about the negatives in doing it. (Act.2, 1, page21) We just have to be determined with a positive outlook in life. (Act.3, 2, page21) Sto.Domingo: My friends! Do you think faithfulness between lovers still occurs today? Because for me it depends on the situation. (Act.3, 3, page21) Esperida: I dont have to answer that because Im a person with no lover! Gonio: In connection to your answer Mae, it really depends whether the person wants to keep a good relationship going. All: Really? Servidad: The main theme of Odyssey is journeying through lifes ups and downs. Apolonio: When youre eager to reach your goals, you will stand up and fight no matter how hard life is. (Act.3, 6, page21) Prometheus Bound

Sto.Domingo: You mentioned Aeschylus right? He wrote Prometheus Bound with the message human spirit. Although Zeus physically subdues Prometheus, he fails to break his spirit. (Act.2, 3, page26). Prometheus is the forethinker Titan, who defied or disobeyed Zeus, king of the Gods. (Act.1, 1, page25) Esperida: Yes, because Zeus wanted to wipe out the human race so that urged Prometheus to steal an ember at Olympus because Prometheus has an instinctive or deep feelings for his race. (Act.1, 5, page25) Servidad: Zeus planned the obstacles to wipe out mankind. Its like make one feel not the solution but the agony of lifes reality. (Act.1, 9, page25) Indoy: thats a coal in a dying fire right? That ember ignited or fueled early humans intelligence. (Act.1, 7, page25)How I wish I was there too! All: laughs Apolonio: Prometheus stole that ember from Zeus for the sake of mankind. See the courage and the heroism of love that result in complete happiness. (Act.1, 11, page25)Because of that defiance, Zeus bound Prometheus to a rock to suffer unmercifully without reprieve or postponement of punishment. (Act.1, 3, page25) Batanes: Hepaistos, the God of Fire, Titan Oceanus and Chorus of Oceanids, the Gods with the ever living compassion or sympathy with those who suffer like Prometheus. Sto.Domingo: Based on the story, Prometheus would be similar to missionaries at the present because they render help without anything in return. (Act.2, 1, page26) Esperida: As young individuals, we can also be like missionaries in simple ways like doing charity works. (Act.2, 2, page26) Gonio: In the end Zeus send Prometheus in the very deep crater or abyss. (Act.1, 4, page25) Servidad: What Im obese? Youre malnourished! The end Judgement of Paris Act1- Vocabulary words 1) Discord --- (Act.1, 1, page18)

2) Abduction --- (Act.1, 2, page18) 3) Enmity 4) Vanity 5) Wisdom --- (Act.1, 3, page18) --- (Act.1, 4, page18) ---(Act.1, 5, page18) 8

Iliad 1) Besieged by Trojans --- (Act.1, 1, page15) 2) Truce is broken 3) Vulnerable 4) led astray Odyssey 1) Odysseus quest --- (Act.1, 1, page21) 2) Exploiting the giants stupidity --- (Act.1, 2, page21) 3) Prudent decision --- (Act.1, 3, page21) 4) careful navigation --- (Act.1, 4, page21) Prometheus Bound 1) defied Zeus --- (Act.1, 1, page25) 2) ember from the fire of Zeus --- (Act.1, 2, page25) 3) to suffer unmercifully without reprieve --- (Act.1, 3, page25) 4) Zeus sending Prometheus into the abyss --- (Act.1, 4, page25) 5) Instinctive feeling for his race --- (Act.1, 5, page25) 6) Ember from the fire of Olympus -- (Act.1, 6, page25) 7) ignited in the early humans the flame of intelligence --- (Act.1, 7, page25) 8) Human part of creation and beyond the human part --- (Act.1, 8, page25) 9) Make one feel not the solution but the agony of lifes reality --- (Act.1, 9, page25) 10) Ever living compassion or sympathy with those who suffer --- (Act.1, 10, page25) 11) The courage and the heroism of love that result in complete happiness-(Act.1, 11, page25) --- (Act.1, 2, page15) --- (Act.1, 3, page15) --- (Act.1, 4, page15)