M.Com.

First Semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS (COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (I Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course develops managerial perspective to economic fundamentals as aids to decision making under given environmental constraints. Course inputs UNIT - I Concept Framework: Meaning, Significance, Scope and role; Objectives of a firm; Economic and non Economic and Social responsible of Business Firm; Economists role and responsibilities; fundamental economic principles - incremental principle, opportunity cost principle, discounting principle, equi-marginal principle; the contribution principle, and time perspective principle. Demand Analysis : Law of demand, Elasticity of demand its different approaches, Revealed Preference Theory of Consumer Choice, Under Risk in management economic; Demand estimation and its methods. Demand forecasting techniques. Price determination under Different Market: pure and perfect; characteristics of different market structures; Price determination and firms equilibrium in short-run and long run under perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Baumol, William J: Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, Prentice Hall, London. Baya, Michael R: Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, McGraw Hill Inc. New York. Chopra, O.P: Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Dean, Joel: Managerial Economics, Prentice Hall, Delhi. Dholakia, R.H. and A.L. Oza: Micro Economics for Management Students, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 6. Gough, J. and S. Hills: Fundamentals of Managerial Economics, Macmillan London.

7. Haynes, W.W., V.L. Mote and S. Paul: Managerial Economic Analysis and Cases, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, India. 8. Salvatore, Dominick: Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, McGraw Hill, New York. 9. Varian, H.R: International Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, East West Press, New Delhi 10. Varshney RL and Maheshwari KL: Managerial Economics; Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi. 11. Dwivedi DN: Managerial Economics, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS (Compulsory)

M.Com. (I Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to make the students statistical tools and techniques for decision making. Course inputs UNIT - I Frequency distributions: histograms, frequency polygons, frequency curves, ogives, co-efficient of correlation, Rank correlation, Simple and multiple regression analysis, Association of Attributes. Interpolation and Extrapolation: Introduction, Significance and Limitations of Interpolation and Extrapolation, Assumption, Methods:- Graphic Method, Binomial Expansion Method, Newtons Methods, Languages Method, Parabolic Curve Method, Index Numbers: Introduction, Uses of Index Number, Construction of Index Numbers:- Weighted and Unweighted Index Numbers, Value Index Numbers, Index Number of Industrial Production, Analysis of Time series: Introduction, Utility, Components of Time Series and Method of Measurement of Trends. learn the applications of

UNIT II

UNIT - III

References :
1. 2. 3. Hooda R.P. Croxtan & Cowden Elhance, DN : : : Statistics for Business and Economics. Macmillan, New Delhi. Allied General Statistics, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. Theory & Practice of Statistics, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.

4. 5. 6.

Shaghil & Mushtaque Heinz. Kohler Hien, L.W

: : :

Quantitative Tools of Analysis & Management, Printwell Publishers, Jaipur. Statistics for Business & Economics. Harper Collins. New York. Quantitative Approach to Managerial Decisions, Prentice Hall. New Jesery. Lawrence 8.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

CORPORATE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

M.Com. (I Semester)

(Compulsory)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective The purpose of this course is to expose students to advanced accounting problems relating to companies. COURSE INPUTS UNIT-I Final Accounts of Companies : Preparation of Financial Statements as per Provisions of Companies Act, 1956. Accounting Related to Liquidation of Companies : Legal aspects-Meaning and types; Preparation of Statement of Affairs and Deficiency/surplus Account; Liquidators Final Statement of Account. UNIT-II Accounting Related to Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies: Meaning of Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction; types and methods of accounting for Amalgamation, Calculation of Purchase consideration; Accounting treatment in the books of transferor & transferee

Company as Reconstruction. UNIT - III

per

Accounting

Standard - 14. Accounting for External

Accounting for Internal Reconstruction of Companies: Meaning and Nature of Internal Reconstruction, Accounting treatment for alteration and reduction of share capital; Reorganisation through Surrender of Shares.

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Beams, F.A. Engler, C., L.A. Bernstein and K.R. Lambert Gupta, R.L Maheshwaari, S.N Monga, J.R. Shukla, M.C. and : Advanced Accounting, Prentice Hall, New Jersey : Advanced Accounting, Irwin, Chieago : Advanced Financial Accounting, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi : Advanced Accountancy-Vol. II, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi : Corporate Accounting , Mayoor Paper backs, Noida

T.S. Grewal : Delhi

Advanced Accountancy, Sultan Chand & Co., New

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
M.Com. (I Semester)

(Compulsory)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70 Objective This course is to help students understand the conceptual framework of management and organizational behaviour.

COURSE INPUTS
UNIT - I Schools of Management Thought: Scientific, process, human behaviour and social system school; Decision theory school; Quantitative and system school; Contingency theory of management; Functions of a manager. Managerial Functions: Planning -concept, significance, types; Organizing -concept, principles, theories, types of organizations, authority, responsibility, power, delegation, decentralization; Staffing; Directing; Coordinating; Control-nature, process, and techniques.

UNIT II

Motivation: Process of motivation; Theories of motivation -need hierarchy theory, theory X and theory Y, two factor theory , Alderfers ERG theory, McClelands learned need theory, Victor Vrooms expectancy theory, Stacy Adams equity theory. Organizational Conflict: Dynamics and management; Sources, patterns, levels, and types of conflict; Traditional and modern approaches to conflict; Functional and dysfunctional organizational conflicts; Resolution of conflict.

UNIT - III

References 1. Griffin, Ricky W: Organizational Behaviour, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 2. Hellreigel, Don, John W. Slocum, Jr., and Richard W. Woodman: Organizational Behaviour, South Western College Publishing, Ohio. 3. Hersey, Paul, Kenneth H. Blanchard and Dewey E. Johnson: Management of Organizational Behaviour: Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 4. Ivancevich; John and Micheeol T.Matheson: Organisational Behaviour and Management, Business Publication Inc., Texas. 5. Koontz, Harold, Cyril ODonnell, and Heinz Weihrich: Essentials of Management, Tata McGrawHill, New Delhi. 6. Newstrom, John W. and Keith Davis: Organizational Behaviour: Human Behaviour at Work, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 7. Robbins, Stephen P, and Mary Coulter: Management, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 8. Robbins, Stephen P: Organizational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 9. Steers, Richard M. and J. Stewart Black: Organizational Behaviour, Harper Collins College Publishers, New York. 10. Shukla, Madhukar: Understanding Organisations: Organisation Theory and Practice in India, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING
M.Com. (I Semester)

(Optional)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to facilitate understanding of the conceptual framework of marketing and its applications in decision making under various environmental constraints. Course inputs

UNIT - I

Introduction: Concept, nature, scope and importance of marketing; Marketing concept and its evolution; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning- an overview. Market Analysis and Selection: Marketing environment -macro and micro components and their impact on marketing decisions; Market segmentation and positioning; Buyer behaviour; Consumer versus or ganisational buyers; Consumer decision-making process.

UNIT - II

Product Decisions: Concept of a product; Classification of products; Major product decisions; Product line and product mix; Branding; Packaging and labelling; Product life- cycle -strategic implications; New product development and consumer adoption process. Pricing Decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies; Discounts and rebates. Distribution Channels and Physical Distribution Decisions: Nature, functions, and types of distribution channels; Distribution channel intermediaries; Channel management decisions; Retailing and wholesaling.

UNIT - III

References
1. Kotler, Philip and Gary Armstrong: Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hal New Delhi. 2. Kotler, Philip: Marketing Management-Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 3. Majumdar, Ramanuj: Product Management in India, Prentice Hall , New Delhi. 4. Mc Carthy, E. Jenome and William D Perreault Jr: .Basic Marketing: Managerial Approach, Richard D, Irwn, Homewood, Illinois, 5. Ramaswamy,V.S and Namakumari,S: Marketing Management, MacMillan India, New Delhi, 6. Srinivasan, R: Case Studies in Marketing: The Indian Context, prentice Hall, New Delhi.

7. Stanton, William J., and Charles Futrell: Fundamentals of Marketing; McGraw Hill Publishing Co New York.
8. Still, Richard R, Edward W, Cundiff and Norman A,P. Govo111 Sales Management: Decisions, Strategies and Cases, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

M.Com. (I Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100 (Optional)

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective

This course develops ability to understand and scan business environment analyse opportunities and take decisions under uncertainty. Course inputs UNIT - I Theoretical Framework of Business Environment: Concept, significance and nature of business environment; Elements of environment -internal and external; Changing dimensions of business environment; Techniques of environmental scanning and monitoring. Economic Environment of Business: Significance and elements of economic environment; Economic systems and business environment; Economic planning in India; Government policies industrial policy, fiscal policy, monetary policy, EXIM policy; Public Sector and economic development; Development banks and relevance to Indian business. Socio - Cultural Environment: Critical elements of socio-cultural environment; Social institutions and systems; Social values and attitudes; Social groups; Middle class; Dualism in Indian society and problems of uneven income distribution; Emerging rural sector in India; Indian business system; Social responsibility of business; Consumerism in India.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Adhikary, M: Economic Environment of Business, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. Ahluwalia, I.J: Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Alagh, Yoginder K: Indian Development Planning and Policy, Vikas Pub, N. Delhi. Aswathappa, K: Legal Environment of Business, Himalaya Publication, Delhi. Chakravarty, S: Development Planning, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Ghosh, Biswanath: Economic Environment of Business, Vikas Pub, New Delhi. Govt. of India: Economic Survey, various issues. Raj Agrawal and Parag Diwan, Business Environment; Excel Books, New Delhi. Ramaswamy, V.S. and Nama Kumari: Strategic Planning for Corporate Success, Macmillan, New Delhi. 10. Sengupta, N.K: Government and Business in India, Vikas Publication, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

M.Com. (I Semester)

(Optional)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to develop an insight into the nature and significance of Human Resource Management. Course inputs UNIT - I Concept, Nature, Evolution Role & Functions of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, & Selection Procedures, Employment Tests & Interview. Human Resource Adjustment; Transfer, Promotion & Demotion. UNIT - II Human Resource Development, Training & Development, Executive / Management Development, Job Analysis & Design, Job Evaluation, Performance Appraisal Personnel Policies, Succession Planning. Wage & Salary Administration, System of wage payment, Incentives & Fringe benefits, Morale & Productivity, Personnel Audit & Research, Career Planning, Human Resource information system.

UNIT III

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. Memonia C. B. Saiyadain & Monappa Laxmi Devi Kumar Ashok : : : : : : : : : Personnel Management, Himalya Publishing House, Bombay. Personnel Management, Tata Mac Graw, New Delhi. Human Resource Mgt., Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Human Resource Mgt., Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Personnel Management & Industrial Relations. The Theory & Practice of Personnel. Personnel Administration in India. Personnel Management & Industrial Relations in India. Personnel, The Human Problem of Management.

5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Chopra Rakesh K.
Dale Yoder Creming, M.A. Ghosh P. Kapoor, T.N. Straurs & Sayers

: Mgt. of Human Resource, Ketab Mahal, Allahabad.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT (OPTIONAL)

M.Com. (I Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course helps the students to understand the conceptual framework of financial management and its applications under various environmental constraints. Course inputs UNIT - I Financial Management : Meaning, nature and scope of finance, Nature of financial decision; Financial goal - profit vs. wealth maximisation; Finance functions - investment, financing and dividend decisions. Cost of capital : Meaning and significance of cost of capital; Calculation of cost of debt, preference capital, equity capital and retained earnings; combined cost of capital (weighted); cost of equity and CAPM. Operating and financial Leverage : Measurement of Leverages; effects of operating and financial leverage on profit; Analysing alternate financial plans; combined financial and operating leverage.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References :
1. Bhattacharya, Hrishikas: Working Capital Management: Strategies and Techniques, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
2. Brealey, Richard A and Steward C. Myers: Corporate Finance, McGraw Hill, Int. Ed., New York. 3. Chandra, Prasanna: Financial Management, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. 4. Hampton, John: Financial Decision Making, Prentice Hall, Delhi..

5. Pandey, I.M: Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.

6. Van Horne, J.C. and J.M Wachowicz Jr.: Fundamentals of Financial Management, Prentice-Hall, Delhi. 7. Van Horne, James C: Financial Management and Policy, Prentice Hall, Delhi. 8. Pinches, George E: Essentials of Financial Management; Harper and Row, New York. 9. Khan MY, Jain PK: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 10. Archer, Stephen, H., Choate G Marc, Racette, George; Financial Management; John Wiley, New York. 11. Block, Stanley B, Geoffrey A Hilt: Foundations of Financial Management; Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, Illinois.

M.Com.
Second Semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

FINANCIAL REPORTING & DISCLOSURE (Compulsory)

M.Com. (II Semester)
Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective The purpose of this course is to expose students to advanced problems relating to companies. Course inputs UNIT-I

accounting

Accounting for Holding Companies: Concept of Holding and Subsidiary Companies - Consolidation of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account as per Accounting Standard21. Royalty Accounts, Investment Accounts and Voyage Accounts: Meaning, Definition and Preparation of Accounts in each of the above cases.

UNIT-II

UNIT-III

Financial Reporting: Concept and objectives of financial reporting, users of financial reporting, general purpose financial reporting and specific purpose report, Qualitative Characteristics of Financial reporting information, Significance of company annual report, benefits of financial reporting, establishing accounting and reporting objectives FASBs conceptual frame work, IASCs, conceptual Frame work.

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Beams, F.A. : Advanced Accounting, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Engler, C., L.A. Bernstein and K.R. Lambert : Advanced Accounting, Irwin, Chieago Gupta, R.L: Advanced Financial Accounting, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi Maheshwaari, S.N. : Advanced Accountancy-Vol. II, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi Monga, J.R. Corporate Accounting , Mayoor Paper backs, Noida Shukla, M.C. and T.S. Grewal: Advanced Accountancy, Sultan Chand & Co., New Delhi

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

BUSINESS ECONOMICS (COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (II Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course develops business perspective to economic fundamentals as aids to decision making under given environmental constraints. Course inputs UNIT I Production Theory : Production function production function. Stages of production; Economies of scale; Estimation of production; Cost theory and estimation; Law of variable proportions; Law of returns to scale, Production curves.

UNIT II

Pricing Practice : Methods of price determination in practice; Pricing of multiple products; Price determination; International price determination and dumping; Transfer pricing. Business Cycle: Nature and phases of business cycle; Theories of business cycles - psychological, profit, monetary, innovation, cobweb, Samuelson and Hicks theories. Inflation: Definition, characteristics and types, inflation in terms of demand-pull and cost-push factors, Effect of inflation.

UNIT III

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Baumol, William J: Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, Prentice Hall, London. Baya, Michael R: Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, McGraw Hill Inc. New York. Chopra, O.P: Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Dean, Joel: Managerial Economics, Prentice Hall, Delhi. Dholakia, R.H. and A.L. Oza: Micro Economics for Management Students, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Gough, J. and S. Hills: Fundamentals of Managerial Economics, Macmillan London. Haynes, W.W., V.L. Mote and S. Paul: Managerial Economic Analysis and Cases, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, India. Salvatore, Dominick: Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, McGraw Hill, New York. Varian, H.R: International Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, East West Press, New Delhi Varshney RL and Maheshwari KL: Managerial Economics; Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi. Dwivedi DN: Managerial Economics, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (Compulsory)

M.Com. (II Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70 Objective This course is to help students understand the conceptual framework of management and organisational behaviour.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I

Organisational Behaviour: Organisational behaviour -concept and significance; Relationship between management and organisational behaviour; Emergence and ethical perspective; Attitudes; Perception; Learning; Personality; Transactional analysis. Group Dynamics and Team Development: Group dynamics -definition and importance, types of groups, group formation, group development, group composition, group performance factors; Principle-centered approach to team development. Leadership: Concept; Leadership styles; Theories -trait theory , behavioural theory, Fielders contingency theory; Harsey and Blanchards situational theory; Managerial grid; Likerts four systems of leadership. Interpersonal and Organisational Communication: Concept of two-way communication; Communication process; Barriers to effective communication; Types of organisational communication; Improving communication; Transactional analysis in communication. Organisational Development : Meaning, Concepts, Process of Organisational Development; Organisational Development Intervention and Research; Organisational Effectiveness; Concepts and Approaches; Management of Change, Meaning, forces for change, Types of Change, Causes of Resistance to change; Factors influencing the change.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References 1. Griffin, Ricky W: Organisational Behaviour, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 2. Hellreigel, Don, John W. Slocum, Jr., and Richard W. Woodman: Organizational Behaviour, South Western College Publishing, Ohio. 3. Hersey, Paul, Kenneth H. Blanchard and Dewey E. Johnson: Management of Organisational Behaviour: Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 4. Ivancevich; John and Micheeol T.Matheson: Organisational Behaviour and Management, Business Publication Inc., Texas. 5. Koontz, Harold, Cyril ODonnell, and Heinz Weihrich: Essentials of Management, Tata McGrawHill, New Delhi. 6. Newstrom, John W. and Keith Davis: Organizational Behaviour: Human Behaviour at Work, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 7. Robbins, Stephen P, and Mary Coulter: Management, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 8. Robbins, Stephen P: Organizational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 9. Steers, Richard M. and J. Stewart Black: Organizational Behaviour, Harper Collins College Publishers, New York. 10. Shukla, Madhukar: Understanding Organisations: Organisation Theory and Practice in India, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR DECISION MAKING
M.Com. (II Semester)

(Compulsory)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to make the students learn the applications of statistical tools and techniques for decision making. Course inputs UNIT - I Probability Theory: Sample space and Events, definition of probability (Classical, Statistical and Axiomatic) and conditional probability, kinds of events: Single, Compound, Dependent, Independent and Mutually Exclusive; Addition and Multiplication Theorems, Bayes Theorem and exercises based on them, Mathematical Expectation. Probability Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions, their characteristics and applications. UNIT - II Sampling theory: superiority of samples over complete enumeration, concept of with and without replacement sampling; Kinds of sampling-Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Sampling and Systematic Sampling, Sampling & Non-sampling errors. Tests of Significance, Parameters and Statistics, Statistical Hypothesis; Critical Region, Errors of first and second kind, level of significance, statistics and the pattern of their distribution, concept of large and small samples, tests of significance based on normal, student-t, and chi-square distributions. UNIT - III Analysis of variance: F- Distributions, Utility to decision makers, comparison of several sample means, variance within and between samples. Statistical Quality Control: Process Control; Control Charts for variables (Mean, Range & Percentage Charts): Producers & consumers risks. Statistical Decision Theory: Introduction, Ingredients of Decision Problems, Optimal Decisions.
References : 1. Hooda R.P. 2. Croxtan & Cowden 3. Elhance, DN 4. Shaghil & Mushtaque 5. Heinz. Kohler 6. Hien, L.W Jesery. Statistics for Business and Economics. Macmillan, New Delhi. Allied General Statistics, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. Theory & Practice of Statistics, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad. Quantitative Tools of Analysis & Management, Printwell Publishers, Jaipur. : Statistics for Business & Economics. Harper Collins. New York. : Quantitative Approach to Managerial Decisions, Prentice Hall. New Lawrence 8. : : : :

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING
M.Com. (II Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

(OPTIONAL)

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course helps the students to understand the conceptual framework of financial management and its applications under various environmental constraints.

COURSE INPUTS
UNIT I Capital structure theories: Traditional and M.M. hypothesis - without taxes and with taxes. Dividend policies: issues in dividend decisions, Walters model, Gordens model, M-M hypothesis, dividend and uncertainty, relevance of dividend; Dividend policy in practice; Forms of dividends; Stability in dividend policy. Management of working capital : Meaning, significance and types of working capital; calculating operating cycle period and estimation of working capital requirements; Financing of working capital and norms of bank finance; Sources of working capital; Various committee reports on bank finance; Dimensions of working capital management. Management of cash, receivable and inventory. Capital Budgeting : Nature of investment decisions ; investment evaluation criteria - net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, payback period, accounting rate of return; NPV and IRR comparison; Capital rationing.

UNIT II

UNIT - III

References: 01. Bhattacharya, Hrishikas: Working Capital Management: Strategies and Techniques, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 02. Brealey, Richard A and Steward C. Myers: Corporate Finance, McGraw Hill, Int. Ed., New York. 03. Chandra, Prasanna: Financial Management, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. 04. Hampton, John: Financial Decision Making, Prentice Hall, Delhi.. 05. Pandey, I.M: Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.

06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11.

Van Horne, J.C. and J.M Wachowicz Jr.: Fundamentals of Financial Management, Prentice-Hall, Delhi. Van Horne, James C: Financial Management and Policy, Prentice Hall, Delhi. Pinches, George E: Essentials of Financial Management; Harper and Row, New York. Khan MY, Jain PK: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Archer, Stephen, H., Choate G Marc, Racette, George; Financial Management; John Wiley, New York. Block, Stanley B, Geoffrey A Hilt: Foundations of Financial Management; Richard D. Irwin,

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

MARKETING MANAGEMENT
M.Com. (II Semester)

(OPTIONAL)

Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to facilitate understanding of the conceptual framework of marketing and its applications in decision making under various environmental constraints. Course inputs UNIT - I Promotion Decisions: Communication process; Promotion mix advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, publicity and public relations; Determining advertising budget; Copy designing and its testing; Media selection; Advertising effectiveness; Sales promotion -tools and techniques. Marketing Research: Meaning and scope of marketing research; Marketing research process. Marketing Organization and Control: Organizing and controlling marketing operations. Issues and Developments in Marketing: Social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing; Marketing of services; International marketing; Green marketing; Cyber marketing; Relationship marketing and other developments in marketing.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References
1. Kotler, Philip and Gary Armstrong: Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hal New Delhi. 2. Kotler, Philip: Marketing Management-Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 3. Majumdar, Ramanuj: Product Management in India, Prentice Hall , New Delhi. 4. Mc Carthy, E. Jenome and William D Perreault Jr: .Basic Marketing: Managerial Approach, Richard D, Irwn, Homewood, Illinois, 5. Ramaswamy,V.S and Namakumari,S: Marketing Management, MacMillan India, New Delhi, 6. Srinivasan, R: Case Studies in Marketing: The Indian Context, prentice Hall, New Delhi.

7. Stanton, William J., and Charles Futrell: Fundamentals of Marketing; McGraw Hill Publishing Co New York. 8. Still, Richard R, Edward W, Cundiff and Norman A,P. Govo111 Sales Management: Decisions, Strategies and Cases, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (OPTIONAL)

M.Com. (II Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to facilitate understanding of the concept, approaches nature and organization of Industrial Relations. Course inputs UNIT - I Industrial Relations : Features, factors, objectives and approaches, Industrial conflict and settlement measures, standing order and grievance procedure, Industrial relations in the current industrial scenario. UNIT II Empowerment & Knowledge Management: Feature of Empowered Organization, Shape for Empowerment, Guidelines for Introducing Empowerment, Factors affecting Empowerment, Significance of Empowerment, Knowledge Management, Architecture, knowledge conversion, Current knowledge management benefits, Knowledge Management Process. Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining: Absenteeism and turnover, working conditions, trade union, collective bargaining, workers participation in management, code of discipline.

UNIT - III

References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Memonia C. B. Saiyadain & Monappa Laxmi Devi Kumar Ashok Chopra Rakesh K. Dale Yoder Creming, M.A. Ghosh P. Kapoor, T.N. Straurs & Sayers Personnel Management, Himalya Publishing House, Bombay. Personnel Management, Tata Mac Graw, New Delhi. Human Resource Mgt., Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Human Resource Mgt., Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Mgt. of Human Resource, Ketab Mahal, Allahabad. Personnel Management & Industrial Relations. The Theory & Practice of Personnel. Personnel Administration in India. Personnel Management & Industrial Relations in India. : Personnel, The Human Problem of Management. : : : : : : : : :

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

M.Com. (II Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100 (Optional)

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course develops ability to understand and scan international business environment analyse opportunities and take decisions under uncertainty. COURSE INPUTS UNIT - I International Business Environment: Multinational corporations; Foreign collaborations and Indian business; Non-resident Indians and corporate sector; International economic institutions - WTO, World Bank, IMF and their importance to India; Foreign Trade Policies; Impact of Rupee devaluation; Political and Legal Environment of Business: Critical elements of political environment; Government and business; Changing dimensions of legal environment in India; MRTP Act, FEMA and licensing policy; Consumer Protection Act. Technological environment in India: Technological environment in India; Technology transfer, Policy on research and development; Patent laws; Economics reforms and structural adjustments.

UNIT II

UNIT - III

References :

01. Adhikary, M: Economic Environment of Business, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
02. 03. 04. 05. 06. Ahluwalia, I.J: Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Alagh, Yoginder K: Indian Development Planning and Policy, Vikas Pub, N. Delhi. Aswathappa, K: Legal Environment of Business, Himalaya Publication, Delhi. Chakravarty, S: Development Planning, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Ghosh, Biswanath: Economic Environment of Business, Vikas Pub, New Delhi.

07. Govt. of India: Economic Survey, various issues. 08. Raj Agrawal and Parag Diwan, Business Environment; Excel Books, New Delhi. 09. Ramaswamy, V.S. and Nama Kumari: Strategic Planning for Corporate Success, Macmillan, New Delhi. 10. Sengupta, N.K: Government and Business in India, Vikas Publication, New Delhi.

M.Com.
Third Semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGERIAL DECISIONS(COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (III Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective: The objective of this course is to acquaint students with the accounting concepts, tools and techniques for managerial decisions Course Inputs
UNIT-I Introduction to Accounting : Management accounting as a area of accounting, Objectives and scope of financial accounting. cost accounting and Management accounting, Management accounting and Managerial decisions, Management accountants position, role and responsibilities. Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing : Accounting, Plan and Responsibility Centres, Meaning and Significance of Responsibility accounting, Responsibility centres,

UNIT-II

Cost centres, Profit centres, Problems in Transfer Pricing, Objectives and determinants of Responsibility Centres. UNIT-III (a) Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements: Meaning objectives, Significance and Methods. Horizontal Analysis: Comparative Statement and Trend Analysis. Vertical Analysis: Common Size Statement and Ratio Analysis. Cash Flow Statement Analysis. (b) Contemporary issues in Management Accounting: Value chain Activity based costing, quality costing, target and life cycle costing. analysis,

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Homgran, C.T., Gray L. Sundem and William O. Stratton : Introduction to Management Accounting, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Homgren, Charles T., George Foster and Srikant M. Dailiar, Cost Accounting; A Managerial emphasis, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Lall, B.M. and I.C. Jain : Cost Accounting : Pronciples and Practice, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Welsch Glenn A., ronald W. Hilton and Paul N. Gordon Budgeting, Profit and Control, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Baig Nafees : Cost Accounting, Rajat Publications, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS (COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (III Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective The objective of this course is to provide an understanding of computers and its application in managerial decision. Course inputs UNIT I Introduction to Computer : Meaning, characteristics, application, classification of computer, concept of Hardware and Software, input and

output devices communication devices, memory of computer, strategic issues of computer aided decision making. UNIT II Introduction to Accounting Packages : Computer application in Finance and Accounts, Financial Management System, Tally, Preparation of Vouchers, invoice and salary statement, maintenance of inventory record, maintenance of accounting books and final accounts. Word Processing : Introduction and working with MS-Word in MS-Office, Word basic commands, Formatting text and documents, Sorting and tables, introduction to mail merger, Working with MS-Excel, Entering data in cells, inserting rows and columns, Using fill hundle, Saving and closing worksheet, creating chart.

UNIT III

References : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bharat Bhasker, Electronic Commerce Gurvinder Singh, Information Technology and Application in Business. T.D. Malhotra, Computer Application in Business. Gurvinder Singh, Information Technology for Business. P.T. Joseph, E-Commerce, A Managerial Perspective.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

BUSINESS POLICY (COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (III Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective:

This course is to enhance the decision making abilities of students in situations of uncertainty in a dynamic environment. Course Inputs UNIT- I Concept of Strategy: Defining strategy, levels at which strategy operates, Approaches to strategic decision making, Mission and purpose, objectives and goals, Strategic Business Unit (SBU), Functional level strategies. Environmental Analysis and Diagnosis: Concept of environment and its components, Environment scanning and appraisal, Organizational appraisal, Strategic advantage analysis and diagnosis. Strategy Formulation and Choice of Alternatives: Strategies modernization, diversification, integration, Merger, Take - over and joint strategies, Turnaround, divestment and liquidation strategies.

UNIT- II

UNIT- III

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Delhi. Bhattachary, S.K. and N. Venkataramin : Managing Business Enterprises : Strategies, Structures and System, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. Budhiraja, S.B. and M.B. Atherya : Cases in Strategic Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Christensen, C. Roland, Kenneth R. Andrews, Joseph L. Bower, Rochard G. Hamermesh, Michael E. Porter : Business Policy : Tax and Cases, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois. Coulter, Mary K : Strategic Management in Action, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. David, Fred R : Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Glueck, William F. and Lawrence R. Jauch : Business Plicy and Strategic Management, McGraw Hill, International Edition. H. Igor, Ansoff : Implanting Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kazmi, Azhar : Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Michal, E. Porter : The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, New Delhi. Mintzberg, Henry and James Brain Ouinn : The Strategy Process, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Newman, William H. and James P. Logan : Strategy, Policy and Central Management, South Western Publishing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Sharma, R.A. : Strategic Management in India Companies, Deep and Deep Publications, New

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

CORPORATE TAX PLANNING (COMPULSORY)

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course aims at making students conversant with the concept of corporate tax planning and Indian tax laws. Course inputs UNIT - I Corporate Tax in India : Concept of corporation, Meaning and Types of Companies, Residence of a company u/s (6(3) and computation of total income of companies. Tax Planning Concepts : Tax Planning, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance, Need for Tax Planning, Limitations of Tax Planning. Tax Planning for New Business : Tax Planning with reference to location, nature and form of organization of new business. Tax Planning and Financial Management Decisions: Tax Planning relating to capital structure decisions, dividend policy, inter-corporate dividends and bonus shares.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Singhania, V.K. : Direct Taxes, Law and Practice, Taxmann Publications, Delhi. Singhania, V.K. : Direct Tax Planning and Management, Taxmann Publications, Delhi. Ahuja, G.K. and Ravi Gupta : Corporate Tax Planning and Management, Bharat Law House, New Delhi. Gaur, .V.P., D.B. Narang and Rajvee Puri, : Corporate Tax Planning & Management, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi. Goyal, S.P. : Direct Tax Planning and Management, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra. Lakhotia, R.N. : Corporate Tax Planning, Vision Publications, Delhi. H.C. Mehrotra. : Corporate Tax Planning and Management, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra. Income Tax Rules, 1962. Circulars issued by C.B.D.T. Income Tax Act, 1961.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group I

INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course aims at providing students with an understanding of the structure, organization, and working of financial systems and institutions in India. Course inputs
UNIT - I (a) Introduction : Nature and role of financial system, Financial system and financial markets, Financial system and economic development, Indian financial system - an overview. (b) Financial Markets : Money and capital markets, Money market - meaning constituents, function of money market, Money market instruments - call money treasury bills, certificates of deposits, commercial bills, trade bills etc., Recent trends in Indian money market, Capital market - primary and secondary markets, (a) Reserve Bank of India: Organization, Management and functions, Credit creation and credit control, Monetary policy. (b) Commercial Banks : Meaning, functions, management and investment policies of commercial banks, Present structure, E-banking and E-trading, Recent developments in commercial banking. (c) Interest Rate Structure :Determinants of interest rate structure, Differential interest rate, Recent changes in interest rate structure. (a) Insurance Sector : Objectives, role, investment practices of LIC and GIC, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority - Role and Functions. (b) Foreign Investment: Types, trends and implications, Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), Regulatory framework for foreign investments in India, Determinants of FDI and FIIs. Government policy towards foreign capital, NRI investments in India.

UNIT - II

UNIT-III

References : 1. Avdhani : Investment and securities Markets in India, Himalya Publications, Delhi. 2. Bhole, L.M. Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. 3. Ghosh, D. : Banking Policy in India, Allied Publications, Delhi. 4. Giddy, I.H. : Global Finance Market, A.I.T.B.S., Delhi. 5. Khan, M.V. : Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. 6. Reserve Bank of India, Various Reports, RBI Publications, Mumbai. 7. Varshney, P.N. : Indian Financial System, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 8. Averbach, Robert D. : Money, Banking and Financial Markets, McMillan, London. 9. Srivastava R.M. : Management of Indian Financial Institution, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 10. Verma, J.C. : Guide to Mutual Funds and Investment Portfolio, Bharat Publishing House, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group I Project Planning and Management

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective The objective of this course is to enable students to learn the processes and issues relating to preparation, appraisal, review, and monitoring of projects. Course Inputs UNIT - I (a) Identification of Investment Opportunities : Project ideas, screening of ideas, Environment scanning and opportunity analysis, Government Regulatory Framework. (b) Market and Demand Analysis : Information required for market and demand analysis, Sources of Information - Primary and secondary, Demand forecasting, Uncertainties in Demand Forecasting, Market Planning. UNIT - II (a) Technical Analysis: Materials and inputs, Production technology, Product mix, Plant location and layout, Selection of plant and equipment. (b) Cost of Project and Means of Financing : Major cost components, Means of financing, Planning capital structure, Various financing schemes of Development Financial Institutions (DFIs). UNIT - III Profitability and Financial Projections : Cost of production, Break even analysis, Project balance sheet, Profit and loss accounts and cash flows statements. References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bryce, M.C. : Industrial Development, McGraw Hill (Int. ED) New York. Chandra, Prasana : Project Preparation, Appraisal and implementation, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. IDBI : Manual of Industrial Project Analysis in Developing Countries. O.E.C.D. (i) Manual for Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies (ii) Guide to Practical Project Appraisal. Pitale, R.L. : Project Appraisal Techniques, Oxford and IBH. Planning Commission : Mutual for Preparation of Feasibility Report.

7. 8. 9.

Timothy, D.R. and W.R. Sewett : Project Appraisal and Review, MacMillan, India. Chaudhary, S. : Project Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Little I.M.D. and Mirrless JA : Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries, Heinemann Education Books, London.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group I SECURITY MARKET OPERATIONS

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objectives This course is to help students understand various issues in security analysis and portfolio management. Course Inputs
UNIT-I Investments : Meaning, Nature and Scope of investment analysis, Elements of investment, approaches to investment analysis, Concept of returns and risk, Type of investments securities and derivatives, Tax sheltered investments, Financial investments, Non-financial investments, Sources of financial information. Security Markets : Primary and secondary market meaning need and role, Allotment procedure, Methods of selling securities in primary market, New Financial instruments, SEBI guidelines on public issue, size of issue, pricing of issue, promoters contribution. Trading Mechanism : Trading mechanism of securities, brokers, underwriters, listing of securities stock exchanges, Organization of stock exchanges, Need and role of NSE and OTCEI.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

Depositing : Role and need, Depositories Act, 1996, Functions of NSDL and CDSL.

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Amling : Fundamentals of Investment Analysis, Prentice Hall, International Edition. Donal, E. Fisher and Ronald J. Jorden : Security Analysis and portfolio management, Prentice Hall New Delhi. Fabozzi, Frank J. : Investment Management, Prentice Hall, International Edition. Gupta, L.C. : Stock Exchange Trading in India; Society for Capital Market Research and Development, Delhi. Sharpe, William F, Gordon J. Alexander and J.V. Bailly, : Investment, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Sharpe, Willia F. : Portfolio Theory and Capital Markets, McGraw Hill, New York. Francis, J. Clark : Management of Investments, McGraw Hill, New York.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group II INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course exposes the students to the environmental dynamics of international business and their impacts on international business operations of a firm. Course inputs UNIT - I (a) International Business : Nature, Importance and scope, Framework for analysing international business environment geographical, economic, socio-cultural, political and legal environment. (b) International Economic Environment: World Economic and trading situations. (a) International Economic Institutions and Agreements : WTO, UNCTAD, IMF, World Bank, Generalized system of preferences, GSTP, International commodity agreements.

UNIT - II

UNIT-III

(b) Regional Economic Co-operation : Types and rationale of regional economic groups, Theory of customs union, EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAFTA and other groupings. (a) Multinational Corporations: Conceptual framework of MNCs, MNCs and host and home country relations, Technology transfers - importance and types. (b) Recent Development in International Business: Ecological issues, Social aspects, IT and international business.

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Adhikary, Manab : Global Business Management, Macmillan, New Delhi. Bhattacharya, B. : Going International - Resporise Strategies for Indian Sector, Wheeler Publishing Co., New Delhi. Black and Sundaram : International Business Environment, Orentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Buckley, Ardin : The Essence of International Money, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Gosh, Biswanath, Economic Environment of Business, South Asia Book, New Delhi. Letiche, John M. : International Economics Policies and Theoritical Foundations, Academic Press, New York. Sodersten, B. O : International Economics, Mac Millan, London. Tayeb, Monis H. : The Global Business Environment - An Introduction, Sega Publication, New Delhi. Parvez Asheghian and Bahman Ebrahim : International Business, Harper Collins, London. Peter, H. Lindert : International Economics, Richard D. Irwin, Illinois.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group II ANAL. & STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to acquaint students with the conceptual framework of international marketing management. Course inputs

UNIT - I

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

Introduction to International Marketing : Nature and significance, Complexities in international marketing, Transition from domestic to transnational marketing, International Market orientation - EPRG framework, International market entry strategies. International Marketing Environment: Internal environment, External environment - geographical, demographic, economic, socio-cultural, political and legal environment, Impact of environment on international marketing decisions. Foreign Market Selection : Global Market segmentation, Selection of foreign markets, International positioning. Product decisions : Product planning for global markets, Standarization vs. product adaptation, New product development, Management of international brands, Packaging and labelling, Provision of sales related services. Pricing Decisions : Environmental influence on pricing decisions, International pricing policies and strategies.

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Czinkota, M.R. : International Marketing, Dryden Press, Boston. Fayerweather, John : International Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Jain, S.C. : International Marketing CBS Publications, New Delhi. Keegan, Warren J. : Global Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Onkvisit, Sak and John J. Shaw : International Marketing : Analysis and Strategy, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Paliwoda, S.J. (ED) : International Marketing Reader, Routledge, London. Paliwoda, Stanley J. : The Essence of International Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Sarathy, R and V Trepstra : International Marketing, Dryden Press, Boston.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

Optional Group II FOREIGN TRADE MANAGEMENT

M.Com. (III Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objectives

Course Inputs
UNIT-I International Trade : Theories of International Trade - Absolute and Comparative advantage theories. Modern theory of trade - Hecksher Ohlim theory of International Trade in services. Balance of Payments and its adjustment Terms of trade and gains of trade. Commercial Policy Investments : Tariffs quota anti dumping/countervailing duties, technical standards. Exchange controls and instruments of Export Promotion. Its measures, EPCG scheme, import facilities, duty drawbacks and other recent schemes. Tax concessions, marketing assistance, 100% EOU, Export houses and Trading houses, EPZs, SEZs. Indias Foreign Trade: composition and direction of foreign trade, Indias foreign trade policy. Deemed exports and rupee convertibility, Policy on foreign collaborations and counter trade arrangements, Indias joint ventures abroad. Project and consultancy exports.

UNIT-II

UNIT-III

References 1.

M.Com.
Fourth Semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN BUSINESS

M.Com. (IV Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of information technology and software which are used for increasing efficiency of business. Course inputs UNIT I Information Technology : Basic & idea of Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN), Concept of E-mail internet terminologies, World Wide Web (www) and Internet Browsing, Multimedia concept and its significance, Concept of operating system. Introduction to E-Commerce : Meaning and features of electronic commerce, Tradition versus Electronic Commerce, Significance of Electronic Commerce, Resources required for Electronic Commerce, Implementation, Channels of Electronic Commerce, Strategic issues of E-Commerce. Electronic data interchange: Introduction, basic idea, application and significance of EDI. Microsoft Power Point : Basic, creating presentation, the easy way, Working with graphics in Microsoft Power Point, Show time, Sound effect and animation effects, Using internet, downloading and saving documents from internet and sending mails.

UNIT II

UNIT III

References : 1. Bharat Bhasker, Electronic Commerce 2. Gurvinder Singh, Information Technology and Application in Business. 3. T.D. Malhotra, Computer Application in Business. 4. Gurvinder Singh, Information Technology for Business. 5. P.T. Joseph, E-Commerce, A Managerial Perspective.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

ACCOUNTING FOR PLANNING & CONTROL

M.Com. (IV Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective: The objective of this course is to acquaint students with the accounting concepts, tools and techniques for managerial decisions Course Inputs
UNIT- I Marginal Costing and Break-even Analysis : Concept of Marginal cost, Marginal costing and absorption costing, Marginal costing versus direct costing, Costvolume - profit analysis, Break-even analysis, Assumptions and practical applications of break-even analysis, Decisions regarding sales-mix, Make or buy decisions and discontinuation of a product line etc. (a) Standard Costing and Variance Analysis : Standard costing as a control technique, Setting of standards and their revision, Variance analysis - meeting and importance, kinds of variances and their uses - material, labour and overhead variances.

UNIT- II

(b) Interpretation of Variances : Causes of variances, Reasons for cost variances and interdependence of variances. UNIT- III Budgeting & Budgetary Control : Definition of Budget, Objectives & Essentials of Budgeting & Budgetory Control System. Classification of Budgets: Fixed & Flexible, Functional Master etc. Zero Based Budgeting, Performance Budgeting.

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Homgran, C.T., Gray L. Sundem and William O. Stratton : Introduction to Management Accounting, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Homgren, Charles T., George Foster and Srikant M. Dailiar, Cost Accounting; A Managerial emphasis, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Lall, B.M. and I.C. Jain : Cost Accounting : Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Welsch Glenn A., ronald W. Hilton and Paul N. Gordon Budgeting, Profit and Control, Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. Baig Nafees : Cost Accounting, Rajat Publications, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
M.Com. (IV Semester) Credit 04 Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective: This course is to enhance the decision making abilities of students in situations of uncertainty in a dynamic environment. Course Inputs UNIT-I Functional Strategies : Marketing, Production / operations and R & D plans and policies. Personnel and financial plans and policies.

Strategy Implementation : Inter-relationship between formulation and implementations, Issues in strategy implementations, Resources allocation. UNIT-II Strategy and Structure : Structural consideration, Structures for strategies, Organizational design and change. Strategy Evaluation : Overview of strategic evaluation, Strategic control, Techniques of Strategic evaluation and control. Global Issues in Strategic Management : Process of strategic choice Industry, Competitor and SWOT analysis, Factors affecting strategic choice, Generic competitive strategies - Cost leadership, differentiation, focus, value chain analysis, bench marketing, Service blue printing.

UNIT-III

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Bhattachary, S.K. and N. Venkataramin : Managing Business Enterprises : Strategies, Structures and System, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. Budhiraja, S.B. and M.B. Atherya : Cases in Strategic Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Christensen, C. Roland, Kenneth R. Andrews, Joseph L. Bower, Rochard G. Hamermesh, Michael E. Porter : Business Policy : Tax and Cases, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois. Coulter, Mary K : Strategic Management in Action, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. David, Fred R : Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Glueck, William F. and Lawrence R. Jauch : Business Plicy and Strategic Management, McGraw Hill, International Edition. H. Igor, Ansoff : Implanting Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kazmi, Azhar : Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Michal, E. Porter : The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, New Delhi. Mintzberg, Henry and James Brain Ouinn : The Strategy Process, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Newman, William H. and James P. Logan : Strategy, Policy and Central Management, South Western Publishing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Sharma, R.A. : Strategic Management in India Companies, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

CORPORATE TAX MANAGEMENT

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objectives

This course aims at making students conversant with the concept and implications of Corporate Tax Management. Course Inputs UNIT - I Tax Issues relating to Managerial Decisions: Purchase of asset out of own funds or out of borrowed capital, own vs lease, sale of assets used for scientific research, make or buy decisions, repair, replace, renewal or renovation and shutdown or continue decisions. Special Tax Provisions : Tax Provisions relating free trade zones, infrastructure sector and backward areas, Tax incentives for exporters. Tax Issues relating to Amalgamation : Amalgamation of companies and tax implications. Tax Payments : Deduction and collection of tax at source, Advance Payment of tax.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Singhania, V.K. : Direct Taxes, Law and Practice, Taxmann Publications, Delhi. Singhania, V.K. : Direct Tax Planning and Management, Taxmann Publications, Delhi. Ahuja, G.K. and Ravi Gupta : Corporate Tax Planning and Management, Bharat Law House, New Delhi. Gaur, .V.P., D.B. Narang and Rajvee Puri, : Corporate Tax Planning & Management, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi. Goyal, S.P. : Direct Tax Planning and Management, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra. Lakhotia, R.N. : Corporate Tax Planning, Vision Publications, Delhi. H.C. Mehrotra. : Corporate Tax Planning and Management, Sahitya Bhawan Publication, Agra. Income Tax Rules, 1962. Circulars issued by C.B.D.T. Income Tax Act, 1961.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP I FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course aims at providing students with an understanding of the structure, organization, and working of financial markets and institutions in India. Course inputs UNIT - I (a) Introduction : Nature and role of financial institutions in the economic development. (b) Development Banks : Concept, objectives and functions of development banks, Operational and promotional activities of development banks, IFCI, ICICI, IDBI, IRBI, SIDBI, State financial corporations, Role of Non-Banking Financial Corporations. UNIT - II (a) Unit Trust of India : Objectives, funstions and various schemes of UTI, Role of UTI in industrial finance, Performance appraisal and regulation of mutual funds (with special reference to SEBI guidelines), Designing and marketing of mutual funds schemes, Latest mutual fund schemes in India - an overview. (b) Merchant Banking : Concept, functions and growth, Government policy on merchant banking services, SEBI guidelines, Future of merchant banking in India. UNIT-III (a) Exim Bank: Meaning, Functions and Role for promoting foreign trade of India, (b) Depository system : Meaning, Need, Functions, Creation of NSDL and CDSL, Role of Depositories in the Indian Capital Market. Role of Credit Rating Agencies (CRISIL, ICRA, CARE etc.), Rating methodology. References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Avdhani : Investment and securities Markets in India, Himalya Publications, Delhi. Bhole, L.M. Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Ghosh, D. : Banking Policy in India, Allied Publications, Delhi. Giddy, I.H. : Global Finance Market, A.I.T.B.S., Delhi. Khan, M.V. : Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. Reserve Bank of India, Various Reports, RBI Publications, Mumbai. Varshney, P.N. : Indian Financial System, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. Averbach, Robert D. : Money, Banking and Financial Markets, McMillan, London. Srivastava R.M. : Management of Indian Financial Institution, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

10.

Verma, J.C. : Guide to Mutual Funds and Investment Portfolio, Bharat Publishing House, New Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP I PROJECT APPRAISAL, REVIEW AND CONTROL

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective : This course is designed to enable students to learn the process and issues relating to preparation, appraisal, review, and monitoring of projects. Course inputs UNIT - I Appraisal Criteria and Appraisal Review : Methods of Appraisal under certainty and risk and uncertainty, Investment appraisal in practice, Process (followed by Financial Institutions : Project Appraisal Techniques. Social Cost Benefit Analysis: Rational for Social Benefit analysis, Methodology of SCBA, L & M approach and UNIDO approach, Measurement of impact of contribution, SCBA in India, SLBA by Financial Institutions. Network Techniques for Project Implementation, Monitoring and Control : PERT and CPM techniques, Critical Path, event slacks and activity floats, Scheduling to match availability of manpower, Measure of variability and probability of completion by a specified date, Project implementation practices in India.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References :
1. Bryce, M.C. : Industrial Development, McGraw Hill (Int. ED) New York. 2. Chandra, Prasana : Project Preparation, Appraisal and implementation, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi. 3. IDBI : Manual of Industrial Project Analysis in Developing Countries.

4. O.E.C.D. (i) Manual for Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies (ii) Guide to Practical Project Appraisal. 5. Pitale, R.L. : Project Appraisal Techniques, Oxford and IBH. 6. Planning Commission : Mutual for Preparation of Feasibility Report. 7. Timothy, D.R. and W.R. Sewett : Project Appraisal and Review, MacMillan, India. 8. Chaudhary, S. : Project Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 9. Little I.M.D. and Mirrless JA : Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries, Heinemann Education Books, London.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP I SECURITY ANALYSIS & PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objectives
This course aims to provide a basic knowledge of the theories and practices of modern portfolio choice and investment decision. After the course, the students are expected to be acquainted with some fundamental concepts such as risk diversification, portfolio selection, and capital asset pricing model.

Unit - 1

Portfolio Management and Theories: Meaning, Concept, Process of Portfolio Management, Risk and Return Analysis, Standard Deviation of Portfolio, Use of Correlation, Variance and Other Statistical Tools in Portfolio Analysis, Effects of Combining Securities, Capital Market Theory, and Arbitrage pricing theory, Emerging Issues in Portfolio Management. Portfolio Models and Evaluation Techniques: Markowitz Risk-Return Optimization Model, Capital Asset Pricing Models (CAPM), Security Market Line, Single index Model, Efficient Market Hypothesis: Weak Form, Semi Strong Form Strong Form and its Testing Techniques, Performance Evaluation Techniques: Treynor Measure , Sharpe Measure , Jensen Measure. Portfolio Risk Management: Introduction to Risk Management, Meaning and Purpose of Derivatives Financial Derivatives & Instruments: Option Contract-call and put, Strike Price, Exercise Price, Determinants of Option Pricing, Future Contract-

Unit - 2

Unit - 3

Concept of Margin Money, Marking of the Market, Interest Rate Swap. Derivatives Market in India, Black Scholes Option Pricing Model.

References:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Donald E.Fisher & Ronald J.Jordan,Security Analysis &Portfolio Management, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., Delhi. V.A.Avadhani: Security Analysis and Portfolio Management, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi. Bhalla V.K.: Investment Management, S.Chand &Company Ltd., New Delhi. Punithavathy Pandian,Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, Vikas Publishing House Pvt., Ltd. Hull John: Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., Delhi. Kolb, Robert W: Understanding Futures Markets, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., Delhi.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP II FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course exposes the students to the environmental dynamics of international business and their impacts on international business operations of a firm. Course inputs UNIT - I Foreign Exchange Markets : Determining exchange rates, Fixed and flexible exchange rate system, Participants in the foreign exchange markets, Foreign exchange market - cash and spot exchange market, Exchange rate quotes, LERMS, Factors affecting echange rates - spot rates, forward exchange rates, forward exchange contracts.

UNIT - II

UNIT-III

(a) Foreign Exchange & Currency Features : Exchange rate management in India, Overview of FEMA. (b) Foreign Exchange Risk : Transaction, exposure, translation exposure and economic exposure, Management of exposure - Internal techniques, netting, Marketing, Leading nad Lagging, pricing policy, Asset and liability management and external techniques. (a) Management Risk in Foreign Exchange Markets : Forex derivatives - Swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. (b) Foreign Investment : Capital flows - types and theories of Foreign Investment, Flows and barriers and other related issues with regard to risk in foreign exchange markets and foreign investment.

References :
1. Adhikary, Manab : Global Business Management, Macmillan, New Delhi. 2. Bhattacharya, B. : Going International - Resporise Strategies for Indian Sector, Wheeler Publishing Co., New Delhi. 3. Black and Sundaram : International Business Environment, Orentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 4. Buckley, Ardin : The Essence of International Money, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 5. Gosh, Biswanath, Economic Environment of Business, South Asia Book, New Delhi. 6. Letiche, John M. : International Economics Policies and Theoritical Foundations, Academic Press, New York. 7. Sodersten, B. O : International Economics, Mac Millan, London. 8. Tayeb, Monis H. : The Global Business Environment - An Introduction, Sega Publication, New Delhi. 9. Parvez Asheghian and Bahman Ebrahim : International Business, Harper Collins, London. 10. Peter, H. Lindert : International Economics, Richard D. Irwin, Illinois.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP II

GLOBAL MARKETING
M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objective This course is to acquaint students with the conceptual framework of international marketing management. Course inputs

UNIT - I

Promotion Decision : Complexities and issues, International advertising, Personal selling, sales promotion and public relations. Distribution Channels and Logistics : Functions and types of channels, Channel selection decisions, Selection of foreign distributors/agents and managing relations with them, International logistics decisions. International Marketing Planning, Organizing and Control: Issues in international marketing planning, International marketing information system, Organizing and controlling, International marketing operations. Emerging Issues and Developments in International Marketing : Ethical and social issues, International marketing of services, Information technology and international marketing, Impact of globalization, WTO.

UNIT - II

UNIT - III

References :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Czinkota, M.R. : International Marketing, Dryden Press, Boston. Fayerweather, John : International Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Jain, S.C. : International Marketing CBS Publications, New Delhi. Keegan, Warren J. : Global Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Onkvisit, Sak and John J. Shaw : International Marketing : Analysis and Strategy, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Paliwoda, S.J. (ED) : International Marketing Reader, Routledge, London. Paliwoda, Stanley J. : The Essence of International Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Sarathy, R and V Trepstra : International Marketing, Dryden Press, Boston.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

OPTIONAL GROUP II FOREIGN TRADE-PROCEDURES & DOCUMENTATION

M.Com. (IV Semester) Max. Marks 100

Sessional 30
Examination 70

Objectives

Course Inputs
UNIT-I Documentation Framework: Types and characteristics of documents, export contract and Inco-terms, processing of an export order. Risk Management : Risk involved in exporting, credit risk and exchange risk. Financing Methods: Methods of payments, Negotiations of export bills, Documentary credit and collection, Institutions of credit and post shipment credit, Bank guarantee and foreign exchange regulations, Import financing, customs clearance of import methods of payments and credit facilities. Quality Control and Pre-Shipment Inspections: Process and Procedures, Exercise and customs clearance regulations, procedure and documentation. Cargo Risk Management, Marine Insurance, Procedures and Documentations for cargo booking and loss claims, ECGC schemes for risk coverage and Procedures for filing claims.

UNIT-II

UNIT-III

References: 1.