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}uD;awGu&rf;cgaewmowdxm;rdvdkufw,f?usKyfpdwfxJrSmb,fvdkjuD;_zpfoGm;rSef;rodygbl;/olavS
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av;csufwdkufw,f?
usKyfvufxJrSmc|JusdwJht&nfawGpdkvm_yD;vD;}uD;vHk;ywfwckvHk;pdk&$JoGm;w,f?tJ'DtcgusrSolr&Jhr[w
[apmufacgif;0av;udkusKyfvD;xdyfeJhawh_yD;tomt,mzdoGyfvdkufawmhtopfpufpufapmufzkwf0
eJhusKyfvD;xdyf}uD;rqefhbl;_zpfaeawmh
zvGwf
qdk^yD;taygufacsmfumzifjum;oGm;axmufw,f?
t [if; [if;
olrzifav;wcsuf&rf;oGm;w,f/usKyfvD;}uD;udkiHkhjunfh_yD;wHaxG;awGaxG;xkwf/vD;vHk;ywffeJhvDxdyf
uGrf;oD;acgif;}uD;udkygpdk&$JoGmatmifaocsmyGwfay;_yD;/olr&Jhapmufzkwfav;udkvufESpfzufeJhaocsm
qGJ_zJvdkuf_yD;rSusKyfvD;xdyf}uD;awhaxmuf/olrcg;udkvufESpfzufeJhpHkudkif_yD;wcsuftm;ukefzdodyf
aqmifhcsvdkufw,f?
Aspf bGwf
tm; tD; rav;emw,f 'gvif emw,f r r r&bl;xifw,f

acgif;0ifudk,fqefhqdkwJhoabmtwdkif;usKyfuwtm;udkzdaqmifhcsvdkufwmeJhw_ydKifeufwnf;vD;xdyf
}uD;[molr&Jhapmufzkwfuav;xJudkxdk;cJG0ifa&mufoGm;w,f?
tdk; [dk; tD; [if; [if; u|wf &SD; [D; tm; [m; b,fvdk b,fvdkvJ 'gvif&if [if;
[if; wif;usyfusyf]uD;eJhtzkwfxJrSm_ynfhaew,f 'gvif&,f _yD;awmh&ifxJrSmvd+ufzdkoGm;w,f
[if; [if; emvnf;wu,f emw,f tckawmhrem_yefawmhbl; [if;[if; 'gayr,fhwrsdK;juD;
olpum;awGAvHk;AaxG;a_ym&if;usKyfacgif;udkzufayGhvdkuf_yD;olh&ifbwfEkdhtHk}uD;awGeJhzdyGwfay;ae
ovdk/atmufuzif}uD;awGuvnf;wv+yfv+yf_zpfvmw,f?usKyfolhrsufESmEkEkav;udkb,f_yefnm_yef
erf;vdkuf/em;av;udkudkufvdkuf/vnfyif;av;pkyfvdkufvkyfay;ae&if;u/tqHk;xdepf0ifoGm;wJhvD;
}uD;udkrodrom_yefqJGxkwf/w0ufavmufusawmhtom_yefxdk;oGif;vdkufeJhq,fhav;ig;cgavmuf
vkyfay;awmholhapmufacgif;xJuxGufusvmwJht&nfawGeJhpkd&$Jvm_yDrkdh/t0iftxGufeJeJ_refay;vdkuf
w,f?olhzif}uD;awG aumhaumhvm_yD;?
[if;[if; w wrsdK;juD;yJ vkyfvkyf 'gvif'Du&ifxJrSmodyftcH&cufae_yD tD; u|wfu|wf
olhpum;tqHk;rSmusKyfcg;udk_yefrwfvdkuf_yD;olh'l;ESpfzufudkudkifum/usKyfvD;}uD;udkqJGc|wfvdkufw,f?
vD;vHk;ywfwckvHk;vufeJhqGJqkyfxm;ovdkapmufzkwfE+wfcrf;om;av;awGuusKyfvD;}uD;udkzspf!Spf_yD;/
tay:pljuGvmw,f/aemuf_yD;_zL_zLta&junfav;awGxJrSm/eD&JwJhaoG;paoG;eav;awG_rif&awghapmuf
zkwfE+wfcrf;om;_yJoGm;_yDqkdwgudkodvdkuf&w,f?
_znf;_znf;av;qJGxkwf_znf;_znf;av;_yefoGif;eJh&ifav;augh_yD;aygifESpfacsmif;um;vdkuf'l;_cif;&kduf
vdkufygbJ/tJ'gudktcGifhaumif;,l_yD;rdkhrdkhazgif;azgif;olhapmufzkwfuav;udktkyfudkifvdkuf_yef&m/olh
aygifawGpkvmw,f?usKyfvufcv,fav;udkupm;ay;vdkuf_yefawmh?
[if; [if ;tdk; tm [Gefh
wcsufwcsufaqmifhxdk;junfhvdkufawmholhcHEkdif&nf&Sdvm_yDrdkh/usKyfolh&Jhcg;av;udkqJG,l_yD;vD;}uD;udkt
qHk;txdqJGxkwfvdkuf_yD;wtm;ukefzdaqmifcsvdkufw,f?
Aspf
tm;yg; [D; u|wfu|wf juyfwpf}uD; [if; [D;
emvdkhvm; [if
usKyfaqmifhcsufenf;enf;_yif;oGm;vdkhtif;ueJavxGuf_yD;/Adkufom;awGvd+if;xoGm;w,f?pHGhum;aewJh
wifyg;}uD;ESpfzufaqGhueJckefoGm;ovdk}uD;rg;ql_zdK;wJhEkdh}uD;ESpfvHk;uvJwwHkwHkeJhtxufatmufv+yf
cgaew,f/'gajumifholhudkar;junfhvdkufawmh/
[ifhtif; r rembl;
usKyf/t_idrfraev+yfcgaewJholr&Jh0rf;_yifav;udkyGwfvdkufEkdh}uD;awGqJG,lqkyfacsvdkufeJhvkyfay;vdkuf
w,f?

apmufzkwfuav;xJrSmusKyfvD;}uD;vufoHk;av;vHk;avmuf0ifaewmvufeJhwtm;zspf!Spfqkyfudkif
xm;ovkdygyJ0ifaewhJtaetxm;twdkif;vufESpfvHk;avmuf_yefqJGxkwfvkdufw,f?_yD;awhtomt,m
zdodyfvdkuf awmh?
tif tm;yg; u|wfu|wf
AspfAspf AGwfzGwf toHav;awG_rnfvmw,f?
tJ'Dvdkav;ig;q,fcsufavmuf0ifoavmufuav;eJhvkd;ay;aewm/t&omawGhvm_yD;xifw,f/aumif
rav;tenf;i,f_idrfoGm;ovdk/zifav;enf;enf;v+yfvmw,f?'geJhyJusKyfvD;}uD;udk'pfzsm;txd
a&mufatmifqJGxkwfvkduf_yD;/olr&JhykcHk;ESpfzufudkvSrf;qJG_yD;aemufwcsuftm;ukefypfaqmifhcsvdkuf
w,f?
Aspf
tm; [D; trav; u|wf u|wf emvdkufwm tzkwfawmhuGJyg_yD [if; [if;
AspfueJ_rnf_yD;edrfhueJ_ynfhodyfusyfnyfpGmeJhvD;}uD;[mwqHk;xd'kwfueJ_rnfoGm;wJhtxdygyJ/usKyfvD;
xdyfjuD;[molhom;tdrfacgif;udkoGm;xdw,fxifyg&Jh/usifueJ_zpfoGm;wmudkusKyfcHpm;vdkuf&vdkhquf
raqmifhyJolhAdkufay:rSmarSmuf_yD;EkdhjuD;wvHk;udkw_yGwf_yGwf_rnfatmifpkdhay;aerdw,f?vufawGu
vnf;olraygifwGif;om;wav#mufeJh0rf;_yifom;av;udkyGwfoyfqkyfacsay;aerdw,f?
[if; [if; tdk; wrsdK;}uD;yJ &ifxJrSma&m [kd[mxJrSmvJ _ynfhodyf nyfoyfaewmyJ'gvif
[if;[if;
usKyfvD;}uD;udk_yefqGJxkwf'pfzsm;a&mufatmifqGJxkwfvdkuf_yD;/wtm;ypfaqmifhypfvdkufw,f?Aspfu
eJ/AspfueJaewmyJ/aumifrav;tawmfcHEkdifvmwJhoabmeJhwlw,f?usKyfxyfaqmihfwdkif;wifyg;}uD;awG
aumhaumhay;vmw,f?'geJhusKyfolhEkdh}uD;awGvSrf;qGJzspf!SpfqkyfacsudkifwG,f&if;tqufr_ywfaqmifh
vdkufygw,f?
AspfAspf AGwfAGwf pGwfpGwf AwfAwf
tif; t tD; u|wfu|wf tdk;
usKyfEkdhawGudkv$wf_yD;cg;udkudkifaqmifh&if;vD;}uD;udkiHkhjunfhrdw,f?usKyfvD;}uD;olhapmufzkwfxJ0if
oGm;wdkif;/csdKifhcGuf0ifoGm;vdkuf/vD;}uD;_yefqJGxkwfwdkif;pk_yHKjuGwufygvmvdkufeJh?apmufzkwf}uD;&Jh
_zpfay:a_ymif;vJr+udk_rif&awmhw,f?vD;}uD;wacsmif;vHk;_ynfhnyfaewmvJusKyfcHpm;odae&w,f/olr
uawmha_caxmufESpfacsmif;tay:rwif&if;/yg;pyfuw[if;[if;eJhnnf;!laew,f?wcgwcgzif}uD;
awGaumhwifyifa_rSmufvdkufwJhtcgqD;cHkESpfckuyfoGm;ovdkvD;xdyf}uD;uusifueJrsufueJaeatmifcH
pm;&w,f/
Aspf pGyf pGwf _yGwf_yGwf bGwf
atmifrav; tif; aumif; aumif;vdkufwm [if; u|wfu|wf aqmifh aqmifh'gvif
emem aqmifh aqmifh

usKyfvD;}uD;wckvHk;twGif;om;tdrfacgif;udkc%c%xdrdvdkhcHpm;&wmuvnf;tvGeft&om&Sdovdk
usKyfaqmifhcsufu_refqef_yD;_yif;xefvmw,f
AspfAspf Aspf AGwfAGwf _yGwf pGwfpGwf zwfzwf usdusd pGwf azguf azguf abmuf
[if; tifhtifh tm;tm; &SD;u|wf u|wf aumif;vScsnfvm; [if; aqmifhaqmifh 'gvif
ememaqmifh tifh
Aspf pGwf azgufazguf
tdk;
usKyfolr&JhEkdhawGudkrrSDrurf;ukef;pkdhvdkufovdk/vufwzufuvnf;Ekdh}uD;wvHk;udkqkyfudkifzspf!Spf
ay;w,f?oGm;jum;rSmEkdhoD;acgif;av;udkrematmifwqwfqwfudkufovdkvufreJhvuf!d+;jum;rSmvJ
EkdhoD;acgif;av;udk!Spfw,f/vdk;aqmifhtm;udkvnf;_rSifhvdkufw,f?
tm; t t [if; [if; trav; &SD; u|wfu|wf aumif; aumif; vdkufwm'gvif&,f
aumif;vdkufwm aqmifhaqmifhememaqmifh [ifh [ifh [kwf_yD apmufzkwfusifueJ
tifhueJ eJh tm; ,m; a[m xGuf xGuf awmhr,f xGufawmhr,f tm; tif; tD; [D;
tJovkda_ymqkdwGef;xdk;aumhvef&if;[if;ueJ_idrfoufoGm;w,f?usKyfvnf;a*G;OawGtay:vdyfwuf
vm_yD;zif0rSmpdrfhusifvmw,f?vD;}uD;wacsmif;vHk ;xlylvmyg_yD?usKyfolhEkdh}uD;ESpfvHk;udkpHkudkifqJG_yD;ypf
aqmifh&if;/usKyftcsufokH;av;q,fta&mufrSmvD;xdyfwcsufusifueJ_zpfoGm;_yD;okwfa&awGudkAsef;
ueJ/Asef;ueJyef;xkwfvdkuf&ygawmhw,f?tcef;av;xJrSmtoHawGwdwfoGm;ayrJh/oleJhusKyfwkdhESpfOD;&Jh
ouf_yif;av;awG_yif;xefaeqJygbJ?olh&ifywfay:yg;tyf_yD;tarma_z&if;usKyfolhcE<mukd,fw_crf;udk
tomt,myGwfoyfay;aevdkuf/wcgwcgEkdh}uD;wzufudkZdueJZdueJqkyfudkifzspf!Spfvdkufw,f?t
armeJeJa_yawmh/usKyfyg;pyfeJh/Ekdhav;wzufudkiHkcJpkyf,lvdkuf/EkdhoD;acgif;av;udkv#mzsm;av;eJhuvd
vdkuf/vufzsm;av;xJrSmEkdhoD;acgif;av;udkzd!SpfvSdrfhay;vdkuf/eJhaemufwcsDtwGuftpysdK;vdkuf
w,f?wa_z;a_z;eJhusKyfvD;}uD;[molhtzkwfuav;xJrSmrmawmifvmw,f?aZmac|;av;awG_yefaewJholh
rsufESmvSvSav;udkw,kw,vufuav;wzufeJhoyf_yD;zl;zl;&G&GE+wfcrf;tpkHudkyg;pyfeJhzduyfpkyf,l
vdkufw,f/'DvdkE+wfcrf;pkyfwJh[muvnf;tawmfav;wmoGm;wmudk;/yxrqHk;usKyf&D;pm;pmOudkerf;
pkyfjunfhw,f/wcgavmufeJhrodwmbl;/c%c%erf;pkyfygrsm;awmhpdwfawGxvmw,f?ckvnf;usKyf&Jh
terf;tpkyftyGwftoyfawGatmufrSm_idrf;aop_yKaewJhumrrD;av;w_znf;_znf;_yefawmufvmw,f?
[Gef; tif; tm; [m; &ifxJrSmwvSyfvSyfeJh'gvif&,f tdkifawmhbm_zpfoGm;vdkufrSef;rodbl;
t_rifh}uD;uae [kdtedrfhykdif;atmufa_cudkxdk; usoGm;ovkdcHpm;&w,f 'DcHpm;r+rsKd;udk
woufrarhawmhbl;
usKyfvnf*kwfav;udkzufoG,f_yD;wkd;wkd;av;a_ymae&Smw,f?[kwfrSmaygh/usKyfvnf;olhvdkygbJ/tp
wHk;uawmhwu,fhoefhoefh&Sif;&Sif;av;eJhqufqHaerdwm/azgufv$Jazguf_yefpdwfvHk;0r&Sdbl;?tJwdwf
qdwf_idrfoufvGwfvyfwJhtcef;av;xJrSmrl;,pf&Da0aewJhusKyf/odyfvSwJhaumifrav;tem;rSmuyf
xdkifqdkawmhtvkyf_zpfoGm;_yDav?tJusKyfolhrsufESmav;udkaocsmjunfhvdkufawmhrsufeuf0ef;av;0ifh

_yD;_yefjunfhaevdkufwm[mwtm;zspf!Spfypfcsifp&mygbJ/rkdhrkdhyg;_yifav;udkusKyfESmacgif;av;zd_yD;
erf;vdkuf&if;
aumif;vm; [if
tpwHk;uawmhwtm;emwmaemufawmh[if;[if;odyfaumif;w,fb,fvdka_ym&rSef;rodavmuf
atmifbJ 'gvif &,f
aemufwcgvkyfjutHk;pkdh aemf
[ifhtif; odyfrjurf;eJhuG,f tzkwfuav;u pyfzsif;zsif;juD; _zpfaew,f
a_z;a_z;av;aumif;atmifvdk;ay;r,fyxrtcsDwHk;uapmufzkwfuusOf;aeawmhemwmayghtckwcg
_yD;xm;_yD;t&nfawG&$Jaewmvdk;&ifrem awmhbl;
tif; a_z;a_z;aemf 'gvif
usKyfolhudkukwifay:wudk,fvHk;a&mufatmifwa_z;a_z;ae&ma&Gh,lw,f/olhapmufzkwfxJrmefxaewJh
usKyfvD;}uD;u|wfrxGufatmifxdef;&if;ayghAsm/olhacgif;av;acgif;tHk;ay:aeom;wusa&mufoGm;_yDqdk
rS'l;axmufaygifum;yHkpHtetxm;tvdkufusKyfolhudk,ftay:rSmarSmuf&ufayghav?vufwzufuolh
ykcHk;av;wzufudkqJGudkifxm;_yD;/nmzufvufuawmhEkdhwzufudktkyfudkifzspf!Spfupm;ay;&if;/usKyf
E+wfcrf;tpHkuawgh&ifEk&kd;ae&mav;udkta&_ym;av;ygatmifpkyf,lw,f?tJovdkw_ydKifeufxJvkyf
&if;utqHk;xda&mufatmifxduyfxdk;odyfxm;wJhusKyfvD;}uD;udktomqJGc|wf_yD;t0ufavmuft
a&mufrSmwcgzdodyfvdkufw,f?
pGwf
[if; [if; tif; a_z;a_z;aemf'gvif ,lh[m}uD;ut}uD;}uD;txJrSm _ynfhodyfaewHk;bJ [Gef;
[Gef;
ola_ymaeqJrSmbJ/usKyfoHk;av;csufaqmif;vdk;vdkufygw,f?ESpfOD;pvHk;pDuxGufxm;wJht&nfawG
ajumifhvD;}uD;txkwftoGif;[myxrtcsDuvdkjuyfjuyfwnf;wnf;_zpfraebJpD;pD;ydkifydkifav;eJhvdk;
vdkhaumif;w,f? rSefrSefav;tqufr_ywft0iftxGufvdk;vdkufawmh?
pGwf pGwf zwf zwf
tifh [ifh [Gef; [Gef; tif; [kwf_yD'gvif eJeJav;_yif;_yif;aqmifh tdkifcHEkdifvm_yD
usKyf0rf;vsm;arSmuf&ufvdk;ae&muaezaemufhxdkiftaetxm;udk_yifvdkufw,f?olhaygifESpf_crf;udk
vufeJhtESHhav#mufyGwfoyfvdkuf_yD;/_zLazG;0if;0g_yD;}uD;xGm;_ynfhwif;vSwJholhaygifESpf_crf;udkusKyf
aygifawGay:qJGwifvdkufw,f?pdwf}udKufwJhtaetxm;&_yDqdkrSusKyfvufESpfzufeJholhcg;udkpHkqJGudkif
_yD;/tqHk;xdepf0ifaewJhusKyfvD;}uD;udkqJGxkwfvdkuf_yD;wcsufzd aqmifhcsvdkufw,f?
_Apf bGwf pGyf 'kwf
tm; tm; [D; a_z;a_z;'gvif a_z;a_z;eJeJemw,f txJuwckckudk xdk;rdw,f
usifueJ_zpfoGm;w,f a_z;a_z;av;vkyfygaemf 'gvif

[kwfavmufw,f/yxrtaetxm;/yxrtcsDwHk;uvdkbJukwifapmif;wifvdk;wJhyHkpHrsdK;rdkhusKyfvD;xdyf
[molhapmufacgif;xJu[dkbmwJh/tJom;tdrfacgif;udkoGm;xdk;rdwmudk;?olvnf;rsufueJ_zpfoGm;ovdk
usKyfvnf;_zpfwmbJ/'geJhusKyfwcsuf_cif;a_z;a_z;rSefrSefav;vkd;aqgifhay;aevdkufw,f?
pGwf azguf pGwfazguf pGwf_Apf
tifh tifh tifh tD; [m; [if; [if;
yHkrSeftoHav;awGxGufvm_yD;?usKyfvdk;aqmifhr+[molcHaumif;&Hkav;cyfoGufoGufav;aqmifhcsuf
awGpdyfvmygw,f?olhvnfyif;awGb,fnm,rf;cgyifwifay;vmw,f/juD;xGm;ql_zdK;vGef;wJhEkdhjuD;
awGv+yfcgae_yD;/tHav;}udwfrsufvHk;av;arS;/vufawGuarGh,mudkwif;wif;qkyfudkif_yD;usKyfaqmifh
csuftvdkufzifudkaumhaumhay;&Smygw,f?
pGwf azguf
tifh [if;
pGwf zwf azguf azguf
tm; [m; [D; [if;[if;
tay:ydkif;t0wfrJhcE<mudk,fav;A&rf;Awm&rf;cgp_yKae_yD?touf&SloH_yif;ae_yD/ajuG&kyfuav;vdkvSy
wJholhrsufESmav;&J&JeDae_yD/usKyfaqmifhcsufawGudktm;pdkufvdkufawmh?
_Apf pGwf azguf tifh tm;,m;
_Apf pGwf azguf tifh [if; [kwf [kwf_yD 'gvif aqmifhawmh tdkif cHEdkifvm_yD
usKyfaqmifhcsufawGoefrm_yif;xefvmw,f/ukwifav;awmifv+yfcg vmw,f?
_Apf _Apf pGwf pGwf azguf azguf
u|D u|D u|D tifh [if; [Gef;
tD; tm; ,m; aqmifh 'gvif aqmifh
usKyfolhykckef;udkqJGudkif_yD;tm;ukefzdaqmifhvdkuf_yefygw,f?wcsufqdkwcsufododomom}uD;eifhueJ
aewmygbJ?
_Apf _Apf pGwf pGwf azguf azguf
tifh tm; &SD; u|wf u|wf tif;
aumif; aumif;vdkufwm [D;[D; [if;[Gef;
usKyfolhE+wfcrf;av;udkrrSDrurf;erf;pkyfvdkuf_yefygw,f?tvdk;taqmifhawGuawmhusroGm;ygbl;?
_yif;xefoxuf_yif;xefatmiftm;ukefzdzd aqmifhcsaeqJygbJ?
_Apf bGwf bGwf pGwf pGwf 'kwf u|D u|D _Apf _Apf pGwf pGwf bGwf bGwf
zl;zvl; [Gef; [if;[if; tm; tm; ememaqmifh emaumif;}uD; ygbJvm; 'gvif&,f
tifhtifh [dk;[dk; aqmifhaqmifh

usKyfaemufausmcg;xufrSmolha_caxmufuav;awGwG,f&mrJh,rf;cgaew,fusKyfolhaygifawGudkzd
wGef;vdkufawmhtdueJEdkhESpfvHk;ay:ydusoGm;w,f?zif}uDawGrdk;axmifvmw,f?usKyfrukef;ruGtet
xm;eJha_rpdkufvdk;enf;twdkif;rdk;axmifaewJholhapmufzkwfuav;xJudktay:uaezdzdaqmifhvdk;cs
vdkufw,f?
_Apf _Apf 'kwf pGwf axmuf
tm; tD;xdvScsnfvm; tD; [D; &SD; u|wf u|wf aqmifh aqmifhawmh 'gvif aqmifh
wqpfcsdK;a'guf&JhyHkpHtaetxm;_zpfaewJholhcg;av;,rfcg&if;tH}udwf_yD;a_ymae&Smygw,f?usKyfrsuf
ESm[mrdk;axmifaewJholha_cz0g;awGjum;a&mufaew,f?wcsufaqmifhwdkif;om;tdrfudkxdrdvdkhusKyfa&m
ola&mcHpm;csufawG[mxl;xl;uJuJ}uD;udkbJt&om&SdvGef;vSygw,f?
_Apf pGwf pGwf azguf
tm; ,m; &SD; u|wf u|wf [if; aumif;vScsnfvm;'gvif&,f aqmifhaqmifh tdkifh&ifxJ
Aavmifqlvm_yD
usKyfaqmifhcsufawG_yif;xefvmw,f?olvnf;_yD;cgeD;_yDxifygw,f?zif}uD;udkrv+yfomv+yfomeJhaumh
aumhay;&if;uwwGwfwGwfeJha_ymqdkae&Smygw,f?usKyfvnf;'Dtwdkif;ygbJ/ptdk0&SdtajumawG&+Hhvm
_yD;wifyg;ESpfzufuvnf;cGufvmovdkt_yifrSmwGJvJusaewJha*G;OESpfvHk;uvnf;wa_z;a_z;tay:
wufvmaeyg_yD?aqmifhcsufawG'vpyfrem;wef;ypfypfaqmifhcsvdkufw,f?apmufzkwfE+wfcrf;om;
av;awGcGuf0ifoGm;_yD;qD;cHkESpfckxduyfoGm;wJhtxdusKyfaqmifhcsufawGuxda&mufvGef;w,fav?
_Apf _Apf bGwf bGwf 'kwf azguf
tifh tifh tm; &SD; [D; u|wf trav; aumif;vm_yef_yD aumif;vm_yD 'gvif aqmifh
tm;tD; [D;
oGm;_yDvufuav;ESpfzufatmufudkbkef;ueJypfusoGm;ovdkusKyfvD;xdyfrSmvnf;aEG;ueJ_zpfoGm;
w,f?olhapmufacgif;wav#muftom;qdkifawGuusKyfvD;}uD;udkpkwfvdkufovdkwif;ueJ_zpfoGm;awmh
awmifhrxm;EdkifawghbJppfueJ_zpfoGm;_yD;okwf&nfawGyef;xkwfypfvdkuf&if;/
tm; tm; [if; aumif;vdkufwm [D;[D; [if;
usKyfolhtay:udkwtdtdeJhvJ_ydKusoGm;w,f?usKyfajum_yif}uD;udkvufESpfeJhwif;juyfaeatmifvSrf;
zufvdkuf_yD;axG;ayGhxm;ygw,f?aumif;vdkufwmAsm/b,fvdkaumif;rSef;rodbl;?'DwcsDusKyftawmf
av;zg;oGm;w,fusKyfwdkhb,favmufjumatmifrdef;armaejurdw,frodygbl;Asm/tcef;xJudku&ifr
}uD;0ifvm_yD;a_ymoHjum;rS/rv+yfcsifv+yfcsifeJhacgif;iJhjunfhrdw,f?vufxJrSmvifyef;}uD;wcsyf/ZvHk
}uD;wvHk;/zefcGufESpfck/ykvif;av; ESpfvHk;eJhukwifab;rSm&yf_yD;usKyfwdkhESpfa,mufudkjunfh&if;?
zkd;rl x oeffh&Sif;a&;vkyfvdkuftHk; _yD;rS qufvkyfju
a_ymqkd_yD;ZvHkudkukwifab;rSmcsvdkufw,f?usKyf&Suf&rSef;owdawmifr&rdbl;?olwdkhESpfa,muf_yKrl
a_ymqdkaeyHkuwrsdK;}uD;&Jwif;yGifhvif;vGef;vSw,f?

[Gef; trdk;uvnf; vl_zifhEkH;csdaewm v+yfudkrv+yfcsif;bl; 'gvifudkomt&ifoefh&Sif;a&;

vkyfay;vdkufaemf trdk;
olhpum;tqHk;rSmu&ifr}uD;usKyfudkvmzdkhvuf[ef_ywmeJh/usKyfolhtay:arSmuf&ufuaeatmufudk
vSdrfhqif;vdkufawmh/olhapmufzkwfxJuraysmhwaysmh_zpfaewJhusKyfvD;}uD;AGufueJxGufvmw,f?t&nf
awGuvnf;&$J&$JpkdaewmbJ?usKyfukwifab;rSmolwdkhay;wJhxdkifcHkav;ay:xdkifvdkufw,f?at;Asmw
u,fygbJ/u&ifr}uD;av/okwf&nfawG&$JpkdaewJhusKyfvD;}uD;udkr&GHr&Smaq;ajumay;w,fAs?aoaocsm
csmususee}uD;udkyGwfwkdufaq;ajumay;wmudk;?tJ qyf_ymeJhaq;/a&eJhaq;vkyf_yD;usKyfvD;}uD;udk
wbufwxnfeJha_cmufatmify,fy,fe,fe,f}uD;udkif_yD;okwfay;_yefygw,f?a_cmufoGm;_yDqkdrSusKyf
udkukwifay:_yefwufcdkif;w,f?
usKyfukwifapmif;rSmwifyv$Jxdkifvdkuf&w,f?usKyfvD;uawmhrawmifhwawmif_zpfaeqJygbJ?u&ifr
}uD;usKyfudkzefcGufwvHk;vSrf;ay;w,f?,l_yD;erf;junfhvdkufawmheD!dk!dk_ypfc|Jc|Jt&nfawG_zpfaewm
udk;?trSefawmhjunfOeJhb&rf'Da&mpyf_yD;/aq;wrsdK;vnf;xnfhxm;wmudk;/'gvnf;usKyfaemufrSod&
wmyg?olay;wJzefcGufudkusKyfvSrf;,l_yD;armhaomufvdkufawmhcsdKar$;,Swwt&omcHpm;vdkuf&_yD;/
&ifxJrSmylqif;oGm;_yD;&Sdef;ueJ/&Sdef;ueJjuufoD;awGawmifrSxvdkhAsdKh/vlvnf;vef;qef;ayghyg;oGm;
ovm;rSwf&w,f/wu,faumif;wJhaq;udkAs?
usKyfolay;wJhaq;udka_z;a_z;_cif;armhaomufaeqJrSmbJ/olupm;yJGay:wifxm;wJhvifyef;xJuykvif;yk
yk0dkif;0dkif;;av;wvHk;,lvdkuf_yD;usKyfa&ShrSmrsufESmcsif;qdkif'l;wkwfxdkifvkduf_yD;/ykvif;xJu_zL_zLt&m
awGaumf,l,lumolhvuf0g;ESpfzufeJhtwefjumyGwf_yD;/ra_ymrqdkeJhusKyfvD;}uD;udkvdrf;ygava&mAsdKh?
vD;wacsmif;vHk;at;ueJ_zpfoGm;&mu/wa_z;a_z;aEG;axG;vmw,f?
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usKyfvnf;vD;}uD;udkvufwzufuqkyfudkif_yD;qkwfa_cay;&if;/zefcGufxJu[mawGukefatmifaomuf
_ypfvdkufw,f?
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qGwfw,f?_yD;;awmhukwifay:rSma_cypfvufypf_zpfaewJholh&Jhaygifjum;udkaq;ajumay;w,f/a&pdkt
0wfeJhaygh?a&qGwfvdkufokwfvdkufeJhpdwfajueyfatmifyGwfoyf_yD;/t0wfa_cmufeJhaocsmokwfay;_yef
ygw,f?apmufzkwfwckvHk;aoaocsmcsmyGwfay;w,fAs?usKyfvnf;junfhaumif;aumif;eJhjunfhae
vdkufw,f?a&awGudkt0wfeJha_cmufatmifokwf_yD;/vifyef;xJua&Sarsmarsmykvif;wck,lvdkufw,f?
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u&ifr}uD;olr&Jh/tJusKyf&JhajuG&kyfuav;udkaq;awGeJhapmufzkwfw_yifvHk;y,fy,fe,fe,f}uD;yGwf
oyfvdrf;ay;vdkuf_yefw,f?
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juD;xGm;wJhEkdhjuD;awGav/vnf[kduftusDxJuaew0ufavmufxGuf_yD;wHkaewmjunfhaumif;w,f?
u&ifvlrsdK;qdkawmhtom;u0g/&kyf&nfujunfhaysmf&+aysmf/awmifhwif;wJhudk,fvHk;eJhvdkufzufpGmwif

yg;juD;awGuvnf;pGifhum;aevdkufwmreJraemjuD;As?junfh&if;junfh&if;eJhusKyfpdwfawGr@&k;r&G_zpf
vmw,f?
usKyfvD;juD;uvnf;ylxl_yD;usKyfvufxJrSmtqrwefjuD;_zpfvmvdkhiHkhjunfhrdw,f?vm;vm;usKyf
awmifvefhoGm;w,f?eJwJh[m}uD;[kwfzl;/juD;vmvdkufwm/usKyfvufaumuf0wfavmuf&SdrSwfw,f?
xdyfjuD;uvnf;atmfvef'pf_yJjuD;vD;vHk;ywfwckvHk;tajumawGu_zL;_zL;}uD;awG_zpfvdkh/txpfxpfeJh
usKyfpdwfawG[mt&rf;udkxefvmw,f?aq;wHcdk;awGaerSmaygh?
ajuG&kyfuav;uawmhrv+yfr&Suf/u&ifr}uD;vkyfor#_idrfcHaew,f?usKyfvufwzufu/u&ifr}uD;&Jh
EkdhawGudkqJGudkifvdkufrdw,f?wcsufwGefhueJ_zpfoGm;_yD;rS_idrfaevdkufw,f?'geJhusKyfEkdh}uD;awGudk
y,fy,fe,fe,f}uD;udkifawmhwmaygh?}uD;rS}uD;AsdKh?vufeJhrqefhbl;?rmwif;aewmbJ/tusDay:uae
udkifvdkhtg;r&bl;/usKyfvufutusDudkqJG_zKwfvdkufawghESdyfju,foD;awGw_AKwf_AKwftukef_yKwf
xGufukefw,f?0if;ueJ_zdK;ueJaxG;ueJu&ifr}uD;&JhEkdh}uD;ESpfvHk;}uD;rS}uD;AsdKh/a&S;uyef;oD;awGvm;
rSwf&w,f/EkdhoD;acgif;av;uvufravmuf&Sdr,f/atmufudkpkc|efaew,f?toufoHk;q,fausmfav;
q,favmuf&SdaeayrJh/Ekdh}uD;awGuawmhaysmhtdraebl;/vHk;uspfrmcJaewm/wifyg;}uD;awGudkif&ovdkbJ?
usKyfvufawGuv+yf&Sm;aew,f?xrdefudkc|wfcsvdkufawgha_cusif;0wfrSmuGif;vHk;u|wfyHkoGm;w,f
As?azG;ueJwifyg;}uD;ESpfzufurD;a&mifatmufrSmay:vmw,f?usKyfnmvufuolhzifjum;uaewqifh
aygifjum;udkavsmwkdufyGwfoyfvdkufawmh/apmufzkwf}uD;udkudkifrdw,f/tvJolvJracbl;As/ar$;awG
a_ymif&Sif;aewmbJ/apmufzkwf}uD;uusKyfvufwtkyfpmavmuf&Sdw,f?apmufzkwftuJGajumif;t
wdkif;wqwfqwfeJhavsmwkdufyGwfay;_yD;/apmufaphav;udkyGwfacsvdkufw,f?u&ifr}uD;wkefwkefoGm;
w,fAs?t&nfawGvnf;xGufvmw,f?usKyfpdwfawGjum&Snfrxdef;Ekdifawmhbl;?xdkif&mu
aerwfwwfxvdkuf_yD;/}uD;rm;pGifhum;vSwJholhzifwHk}uD;aemufudkuyf&yfvdkufw,f?_yD;awmhtqrwef
}uD;xGm;aewJhusKyfvD;}uD;udktzsm;uudkifcgolhapmufacgif;0udk&Sm_yD;awhaxmuf/cg;udkvufeJqGJ_yD;w
tm;zdaqmifhcsvddkufw,f?
Aspf
tm; [D; [d tif;
u&ifr}uD;ukwifay:av;bufypfusoGm;w,f?usKyfvD;}uD;[molhtzkwfxJrSm_ynfhusyfaew,f?t
oGif;txkwfvkyf&mrSmawmifeJeJcufaew,f/t0ufavmufepf0ifoGm;wJhvD;}uD;udktom_yefc|wfvdkuf
tom_yefxdk;vdkufeJhq,fhav;ig;cgavmufvdk;ay;rSt&nfawG&Grf;vmw,f/usKyfvD;}uD;wckvHk;pkdvm
wmeJhtomxdyfzsm;xdqJGxkwf/olhEkdh}uD;awGudkudkvSrf;qGJvdkuf_yD;/tm;ukefaqmifhcsvdkufygw,f?
Aspf 'kwf
tm; [m; [D; [D; usyf usyf vdkufwm[,f reJraemjuD; [D;[D; tif;
0JwJwJa_ymae_yefw,f?usKyfolhajumay:arSmufcs_yD;/Edkh}uD;awGudkqkyfacs_zpfnSpfaqmhupm;vdkufw,f?
vD;}uD;0ifaewJhapmufzkwf}uD;udkprf;junfhvdkufao;w,f?olhapmufzkwf}uD;xJrSmusKyfvD;}uD;[mikwf
&dkufxm;ovdk_ynfhjuyfaewmudk;?tjum;tvyfr&Sd_zpfaew,f?azgif;juGaewJholhapmufzkwfE+wfcrf;
om; }uD;ESpfckudkqJG,lyGwfacsay;vdkufawmh

[if; [if; tD; &SD; tm; u|wff u|wf vkyfrSm_zifhvkyfaumifav; igodyftaecufae_yD

olhpum;jum;rSusKyfvufawGolhcg;ay:a&mufoGm;_yD;tm;&yg;&pHkqJGudkif_yD;rem;wrf;aqgifhvdkufwgzif
}uD;awGwHkcgoGm;w,fAsm/Edkh}uD;awGvnf;&rf;cgovdk/cg;av;vnf;cGufcGufoGm;w,f/usKyfaqmifh
csufawGupufaoewfypfovdkw'kdif;'dkif;aewmygbJ?
Aspf Aspf 'kwf 'kwf zwf zwf zwf pGyf pGyf
tifh tifh tif; tm; [m; [D; [if; [if; [if;
t&nfawGwtm;xGufvdkhtoHawGqlnHaew,f?u&ifr}uD;zif}uD;awGt_idrfraeygbl;?xufatmuf
b,fnm&rf;cgaew,f?aemufudkvnf;ypfypfaqmifhay;w,f?usKyfEkdhawGqGJvdkuf/cg;qJGvdkufeJhtcsuf
w&mausmfESpf&mavmufrem;wrf;aqmifhcsaevdkufygw,f?
pGyf pGyf zwf zwf
tifh tm; [D;[D; augif;w,f aqmifhaqmifh emem tm;[g; &SD; tD;
usKyfaqmifhcsufawGatmufrSmu&ifr}uD;wHkcg_yD;_iD;aew,f?usKyfolhykcHk;ESpfzufudkqJGudkifvdkufawmh/
cg;av;atmuf!$wf/acgif;av;armhwufvmw,f?'Dtaetxm;uusKyfpdwf}udKufrdkhr!Smrwm}uD;bJ
aqmifhvdk;xJvdkufawmh?
pGwf pGwf pGwfzwfzwf pGwf _Apf 'kwf
tD; tif; tm;[m; &SSD;&SD; aumif;aumif;vdkufwm [if;
qdk_yD;/wudk,fvHk;wqwfqwfwHkcg_yD;/ukwifay:arSmufusoGmygw,f?
ol_yD;oGm;ayrJhusKyfr_yD;ao;bl;/tckrSt&Sdef&wHk;udk;As/'geJhusKyfukwifay:rSmyufvufum;,m;}uD;_zpf
aewJh/ajuG&kyfuav;ay:wufcGvdkufw,f/tJavolhaygifwacsmif;udkqJGa_rSmuf_yD;/usKyfvD;}uD;eJholh
apmufzkwf/tJ[kwfom;AsdKh/olhapmufzkwf_uD;uvnf;zg;_yKwf}uD;vdkcHk;xrmefzDaevdkufwgeJwm}uD;
[kwfzl;?apmufzkwf}uD;udkusKyfvufwzufeJhudkifwG,fyGwfoyfay;awmhydk_yD;cHk;x_yJtmvmw,f?
wu,ftHhjop&mygbJ/yxrqHk;tcsDtvdk;cHxm;&vdkhapmufacgif;av;uvnf;[_yJ[_yJeJhE+wfcrf;om;
av;awG[maoG;a&mifv$rf;aevdkufwmAsm?wu,fygbJvufeJhtg;&atmifav;ig;cgavmufyGwfoyf
E+dufqG_yD;rmefx_yD;acgif;w_idrfh_idrfh_zpfaewJhusKyfvD;}uD;udkt&if;uudkif_yD;olhtzkwf0av;udk
awh_yD;/waygifausmfykcHk;xrf;yHkpHeJhwcsufaqmifhypfvdkufw,f?
Aspf bGwf
tm; [m; [if; [if;
rmefzDcHk;juGaewJholhapmufzkwf}uD;usKyfvdifwefeJhvdk;odyfvdkufawmhcGuf0ifoGm;w,f?cHk;x_yJtmaeay
rJhusyfoAsdKh?apmufzkwftopfpufpufudkvdk;&ovdkbJ/wif;usyfrmcJaevdkufwmusKyfvD;}uD;rsm;_ywf
xGufrvm;atmifharh&w,f?usKyfaqmifhcsufajumifhrsufvHk;rSdwf_yD;rdSef;aewJholhrsufvHk;awG_yL;/acgif;
awGv+yfcgumvufESpfzufutdyf,mcif;awGudkqkyfacsaew,f/tqHk;xdzduyfepf0ifaewJhusKyfvD;}uD;
tm;togqJGxkwfwcsufaqmifhc%ae_yefc|wf/_yefxdk;oGif;eJhav;ig;q,fcgavmufvdk;ay;_yD;t&Sdef&
vmwmeJhusKyfaqmifhcsufawGoGufvuf_yif;xefvmw,f?

Aspf bGwf pGwf pGwf azguf azguf

[ifh tif; [if; u|wf u|wf tm; 'g 'gvif&,f aqmifh prf;'gvif emem
wtm;aqmifhvdk;ygtHk; t t tifh tifh trav; aumif;vdkufwm [if; olh[mjuD;uvnf;
tdk; toJudkcdkufcdkufoGm;wmygbJ tm;
usKyfvufwzufuolhEkdhawGudkoGufoGufqkyfacsvdkuf_yD;/qD;pyfutar$;EkEkav;awGudkqJGvdrfyGwf
vdkufeJhvkyfay;ae_yD;aqmifhcsufawGudkt&Sdefxyf_rSifhvdkufygw,f?vD;;}uD;udkc|wfvdkufwdkif;/olh
apmufacgif;twGif;om;awGuzspf!SpfqJGqkyfxm;ovdkrdkhusKyfvdk;&wmodyft&omawGhaew,f?
olvnf;usKyfvdkbJaerSmyg/aqmifhcsufawGtvdkufzifav;udkvdrfz,f_yD;yifha_rSmufaumhwifay;
aew,fAsm?
bGwf bGwf pGwfazguf pGwf azguf
[ifh tif; tmh t tm; [if; [if;aumif;vdkufwm 'gvif&,f ,lhudk odyfodyf
tifh tifh tmh[m; cspfoGm;_yD; [m; tkd; trrav; aemf
&ifacgif;xJudkvdyfvdyfhwufvmvdkufwm aqmifh aqmifh 'gvif tdkif odyfaumif;vm_yD;
[kwfavmufw,f/usKyfaqmifhcsufwG[mwcsufqdkwcsufododomomjuD;_yif;xefaeovdk/_refvnf;
tawmf_refvmw,f?
twGif;rSmtom;qdkif_cif;xdcdkufoGm;vdkhvnf;ESpfa,mufpvHk;_rufueJ_zdK;ueJ_zpfvmju_yD?tJusKyfu
awmh_yD;zdkhvdkao;ayrJh/eJeJarmvmw,f?oluaawmhtyifhta_rSmufawG_refvmw,f/aemufwcsD_yD;awmh
r,fwlw,f?tHav;usdwfvdkufawmufacgufvdkufeJhyJAs?
Aspf 'kwf pGwf azguf pGwf pGwf zwf zwf
tm; tm; [if; &SD; u|wf u|wf awmuf [if; [D; aqmifh
'gvif aqmifh
aqmifh tD; [kd; [if; [if; [m;
oGm;_yD/olvnf;av;buf_zpfoGm;_yef_yD/usKyfrSmawmhoefrmaeqJAs/u&ifr}uD;bmaq;awGvdrf;ay;rSef;
rodbl;/ckcsdefxdr_yD;Ekdifao;bl;?usKyfyJGodrf;aqmifhcsufawGt_zpfav;ig;q,fcsufvmufypfaqmifh
vdkufw,f?_yD;awmhusKyfwkdhESpfa,mufab;rSmcwfauG;auG;av;apmif;vJSaewJhu&ifr}uD;ay:quf
arSmufvdkuf_yD;/olhzifjum;atmufuaetomuyf_yD;usKyfvD;}uD;eJhxdk;vdkufawmh/olutvdkufoifhzif
}uD;aemufypfay;wmeJhvD;}uD;[golhapmufzkwfxJudkodrfhueJepf0ifoGm;ygw,f'geJhusKyfolhtay:u
arSmufv#ufav;ig;q,fcsufavmufarS;aqmifhav;aqmifhvdk;ay;vdkufawmh?
pGwf pGwf zwf pGwf Aspf bGwf
[if; [if; tdk; aumif;w,f aumifav; aumif;w,f tif; [if;
u&ifr}uD;tawmfpdwfxvmw,fxifygw,f?zif}uD;udkaemufudkv+yf&Sm;ay;w,f?usKyfolhtay:u
arSmufvdk;ae&muxxdkifvdkuf_yD;/usKyfvufESpfzufuolhudkcGaxmuf_yD;/tm;&yg;&aqmifhvdk;vdkufyg
awmhw,f?
Aspf bGwf bGwf pGwf pGwf zwf 'kwf

[if; [if; tif; [kwf_yD [kwf_yD ememaqmifh emem

vdk;aqmifhr+tcsdefjumvmwmeJhtr#pdwfawGt&rf;v+yf&Sm;vmw,f?
usKyf_yD;csifvmvdkhcyfoGufoGufypfaqmifhvdkufw,f?
Aspf Aspf bGwf bGwf zwf zwf pGwf pGwf
at; at; [kwf_yD [kwf_yD tJ cs emem at; tD; [if; [if; tm; trav;av; tif;
usKyfremwrf;zdaqmifhvdkuf&if;uokwftm;udkrxdef;EkdifawmhbJ/olhapmufzkwf}uD;xJudkwAsef;Asef;eJhyJ/
reJraem}uD;yef;xkwfypfvdkuf&if;u olwdkhESpfa,mufjum;rSmarSmufcsvdkufygawmhw,f?
-------------------------------------------------aemufaehreuf&Spfem&DcJG/udk;em&DavmufrSmaumifrav;um;eJhvdkufydkhw,f?olhrsufESmav;EGrf;e,fae
yHkbJ?[kwfrSmayghnuwnvHk;usKyftvdk;udkpdwf&Sdvuf&SdcHae&wmudk;/'gawmifu&ifrjuD;ujum;
ayguf0ifcHvdkhoufomwmAsm?tif;olwkdhtajumif;vm;/rar;ygbl;/odyfa_ym_cifyHkvnf;r&ygbl;?
u&ifr}uD;a_ymvdkhwpGef;wpod&wmu?
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