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Basics of Computer Network I

Network Topologies & Types of Networks


Deepti Vidyarthi Department of CE

Computer Network

Why do we need it? What criteria must be satisfied by a network? What are the ways to lay the network?

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Computer Network

Why do we need it?

Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers) Software (application software)

Information Sharing

files, databases, Search Capability (www) Email, Message broadcast

Communication

Remote computing Distributed processing


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Computer Network

What criteria must be satisfied by a network?


Reliability Efficiency (time / cost / energy etc.) Availability Scalability Security

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Network Topology

What is it? What are different network topologies? Why does it matter? What are the factors considered? Which one is the best?

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Network Topology

What is it?

arrangement of the network components physical layout of computers, cables, and other resources + layout of communicate among the components

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Bus Topology

Advantages Disadvantages Applications


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Star Topology

Advantages Disadvantages Applications


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Ring Topology

Advantages Disadvantages Applications


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Mesh Topology

Advantages Disadvantages Applications


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Hybrid Topology

Star bus Tree


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Network Topology

Why does it matter?


Requirements considered Size Cost Future Plans Speed Nature of work/service

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Problem 1

A small, independent - business/home/life insurance company needs a network. Owner + business manager + administrator + 4 agents. Occupies half of a small building in an office park. Volume of business (stable for past 3 years) is increasing - 2 new agents will be hired.

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Problem 1
1. Which type of network would you suggest for this company? * Peer-to-peer * Server-based

2. Which network topology would be most appropriate in this situation? * Bus * Star * Star bus * Ring * Mesh * Star ring

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Problem 1
1. Which type of network would you suggest for this company? * Peer-to-peer * Server-based

2. Which network topology would be most appropriate in this situation? * Bus * Star * Star bus * Ring * Mesh * Star ring

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Problem 2

Network for National Investigation Agency Secure communication Different access rights Availability Reliability Which network topology would be most appropriate in this situation? * Ring * Star bus * Star * Star ring
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* Bus * Mesh
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Network Topology

Which one is the best? Situations where topologies fail

* Bus * Ring * Star * Mesh * Hybrid

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Problem 3

Small company with 3 departments has peer-to-peer networks in each department. Networks are not connected to each other. 4 employees in a department are working on a project. Each produces documentation for a different part of the project. Hard drive on each computers available to everyone else on the project. As each user produces more documents: questions arise who has which document which employee last revised a given document employees outside department interested in the project asking to see some of the completed material.

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Problem 3
1. Why are problems arising concerning who has which document? 2. What one change could you make that would give you centralized control of the access to these documents?

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Network Types

Based on size

LAN MAN WAN

Internet

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Privately-owned networks within a single building / campus of up to a few kilometers in size.


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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Covers the area within a city. Telephone company network, Cable TV network
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Wide Area Network (WAN)

hosts personal computers communication subnet typically owned and operated by a telephone company or ISP
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LAN vs MAN vs WAN


Characteri stics Range (km) 1 Topology Bus & Ring LAN Upto 50 Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB), FDDI Computers located in the city MAN WAN Upto 10000 ATM, Frame Relay

Location of computers

Computers within the same building

Computers distributed all over the country or the Continent Fiber-optics, radio waves & satellites

Transmn Media Example


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Twisted Pair cable

Twisted Pair & fiber optic cables

Office with depts Bank whose Connection of located in same different branches in various branches of building & connectd a city MNCs such as IBM. via bus topology 24 using Ethernet cards

Quick Quiz
1. 6 devices arranged in a Full mesh topology. How many cables are needed? 2. In Bus topology, at each end of the bus is ___, which absorbs any signal, removing it from the bus. 3. In Star topology, new node can be easily added or deleted with-out affecting other nodes. (True/False). 4. In Ring topology, data is transmitted in ___direction. 5. State the consequences if a connection fails between 5 devices arranged in topology a. mesh b. star c. bus d. ring 6. 2 computers connected by an Ethernet hub at home a. LAN b.MAN c. WAN 7. Application more sensitive to delay a. Sending an e-mail b. Copying a file or c. Surfing the Internet

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