You are on page 1of 98

100



/- ,
, ./...4-6



/- ,
./................................................................7-9

/- ,
./.........................................................10-12

. ( )
/- ,
, ./.........................................13-20
,
,
/ ./.......21-24
,

/ ,

, ./
................................................................................................25-28
,
/- ,
./...........................................................................29-32

/- ,
./..................................................................................33-38

/-
, ./.............39-42
,
/
.-/.................................................................43-44


/

, .,
,

./
................................................................................................45-51


/
, ./
................................................................................................52-54

,

/-
, ./...............55-58

/-
, ./
..............................................................................................59-62


/- ,
./...........................63-65

/ ,

./......................................................66-69
,

/ ./......70-73
?
/ ./.........................................................74-76

-

/II /
/ , ./
..............................................................................................77-80
,

/-
, ./.................81-83

,

,

/
,
./........................................................................84-86
,

/ ,

./......................87-91
, ,
,
/ ./.................92-96

/- ,
.-/.............................................97-98

CONTENT:
The

100th
anniversary
of
Justice
service

the

On the Mongolian Ancient Law Zarligaar Togtooson Huuli


Zuiliin Bichig
/O.Batsaikhan, Ph.D, Institute of International Studies, The
Mongolian Academy of Sciences.......................................4-6

State

organization

legislation

The Concept of Law Developed by German Classic


Philosopher G.W.F.Hegel
/Kh.Selenge, Ph.D, Lecturer of School of Law, National
University of Mongolia/..........................................................7-9
Law as a Social Phenomenon
/R.Uranbileg, Ph.D, Lecturer of School of Law, National
University of Mongolia/......................................................10-12
Strengthening the Rule of Law as one Pillar of
Development. (The Objective of Legal Reform)
/R.Muhiit, candidate Ph.D, Head of Administrative and
Humanitanian law sector, National Legal Institute/.....13-20
Pressing issues concerning on assets and income
statement in Mongolia
/P.Unurmaa, Legal adviser of Golomt bank/..................21-24

The Legal Regulations of Occupational Safety in


Labour Law
/S.Bolormaa, candidate Ph.D, Lecturer of Civil law
department, School of Law, National University of
Mongolia/.........................................................................55-58
Consequences of a Void Contract
/Ts.Davkharbayar, candidate Ph.D, Senior Lecturer of
Civil law department, School of Law, National University
of Mongolia,/....................................................................59-62
Labour Relations and Certian Issues of Legal
Regulations
/G.Jargal, Lecturer of Civil and business law department,
Otgontenger University/..............................................63-65
Freedom of Information
/B.Solongo, Researcher of Civil and economic law sector,
National Legal Institute/................................................66-69
Development and Future Trends on Notary in Mongolia
/R.Ononchimeg, Notary of Sukhbaatar district/......70-73
Should Children Be Allowed to Work?
/D.Solongo, Lawyer/......................................................74-76

International
comparative

law,
law

Some Issues Related to Citizens Registrations and


Movement
/B.Odongerel, LLM, Researcher of Criminal Law and
Criminology Research sector, National Legal Institute/
..................................................................................................25-28

Adjudication by Plea in the U.S.A


/Ch.Khosbayar, Judge of Sukhbaatar district court/
...........................................................................................77-80

Customs Tarriffs and Facilities on Import Goods


/V.Oyumaa, Senior Lecturer of School of Law, National
University of Mongolia/.......................................................29-32

Legal Regulations of Cartels in F.R.G


/E.Baigal, candidate Ph.D, Lecturer of International law
department, School of Law, National University of
Mongolia/.........................................................................81-83

Judicial power
Court Judgement in Civil Cases and the Legal
Requirement
/D.Huyag, candidate Ph.D, Senior Lecturer, School of Law,
National University of Mongolia/.......................................33-38
Adversarial Process in Criminal Procedure
/J.Erkheshulan, Lecturer of Criminal law department, School
of Law, National University of Mongolia/........................39-42
Who Has Have a Right, Also Has a Sin
/P.Soyol-erdene, Judge of Administrative court,
Uvurkhangai aimag/...........................................................43-44

Civil

legislation

Ownership and the Nature of Property


/Translated by M.Munkhbat, Head of International law sector,
National Legal Institute, D.Tamir, Assistant Researcher of
Civil and economic law sector, National legal Institute/
.................................................................................................45-51
A Critical Note on Labour Relations involving public
servant
/B.Urantsetseg, Ph.D, Academy of Public Management/
.................................................................................................52-54

Criminology
The Importance of Developing Scientific Research as
an Primary Policy and Activity Issues of National
Institute of Forensic Investigation
/S.Ganbold, Ph.D, Head of laboratory of National Institute
of Forensic Investigation/.............................................84-86
The Causes of Certain Crimes in Modern Times
/G.Oyunbold, Researcher of Criminal law and
Criminology Research sector, National Legal Institute/
...........................................................................................87-91
The Causes of Theft of Livestock
/D.Gansukh, Judge of Tuv aimag court/...................92-96
Computer Crime
/Ts.HureOchir, candidate Ph.D, Senior Lecturer, School
of Law, National University of Mongolia/..................97-98

,
,

:
.

- ,

- ,

- ,
- ,
- ,

-
- ,
- ,

- ,

- ,

- , , ,

- ,

.
.
.

.
.
.-

.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

:
.

:
: -46, , -7
: 315736 : 315736
: www.legalcenter.mn
-: magazine_info@legalcenter.mn

: 279

100




- ,
, .
1911 12 29-
,
, ,
, ,
,


,
,

,
,
,
,
,
,
, , , ,

1
. 1911
100
2011 .
2007


2011

100

.
1911


.






.2



.



.

1911



,


.
1915



,
.
:








1. ,
., 1992 , 9 .
2.
1876 . 1892
, 1894 ,
, . 1894 1895 3

. 1900 4
.
(, ) ,
1906 .
1910 . 1911
12 29-
,
, , , ,
, 2.
1913 , . 1915
, , ,
, .
1919 7 30- .
,
, ,
, 2
.

2009

5



(, -.)







,

,



,


,


,


,



,


,

,
,
,
,

,
,

.



:



,



,

-
.

,

, ,
,
,









, ,


.








. ,

,

180


69 ,

47 ,


. 360



.




,
,


, ,


,




.
,


,
,

,
, ,



65 1918

.

,
,
,

2009

6


.








.
1918
65


.


.


56

3
.



:















4 .
,
65
.


.

65

,


1913
1918
,
,
,
, ,
.


65

,



. 65 58

,
.


,

.
,

1917 -1920
65

,


.
65


,
.
65

.

65

.

3. , . ., 2001 , 331 .
4. ., . ., 1994 , 65 .

2009



.

1918

,



.




.

65
1922
.
65

.

.
,
-
7 2005
, ,
.
58
, 7
65
.




20

.
5

-
.



:
, ,
, , ,
:
,



.


,
.

.


.


.

: .

(
)



. ,

,

,

. ,

,

,
. ,

.


-
,
.

.

.

,
.
,

,
-
,
.

.
, .

.



.
,
,

.


.
,
.
, .


.
.



1 .


, ,


.

,

.
. ,
,
,


. ,

.
. :

. -
.

.
,

. ,
,
.
,

. 2
,

1.... . , 1993 ., .93.


2.... . , 1990 ., .32-33.

2009


.
,
.
,

.
.



.

3.
1. .


.
.

,
.

,
.
,
;
2. .

.
.


,
. .

.
,
,
,

. ,

,
,
,
.
,

.
,
.

.
,

, 4
;
3. .


,
.

3 .
,
.

,

.


,
. ,


.

.


.


.
.


.


.



.
, ,

.

3.. . , 1990 ., .37-44.


4.. . , 1990 ., .45.
5.. . , 1990 ., .53.

2009



,
,
,

,

,
.
,




.
-
5
.



.

,
,
.
:
1. -
.

.


.

.

, ,
,
;
2. -
.


,
, ,

;
3. -


,

,
.

,
,
.

,
, ,
,


.



.

,
,

.

6. :7
1. -
.

.
,
;
2. -
.
,


, , ,
,
;
3. - (
).

.
,



,

,



.
.

8
.

,

.
,


. 1992

, 2005
1 28-



,
,

, ,

,

, ,




24
(6
3 ),
,

18

,
,
,


(8 6 )

2005
11 14-
1/01
. ,
,

.
,

.

. .
.


,

.


(.) .


,

.


.

,
,

,

.

,

.

, -

.
,



.

6. . . . .. . , 1988 ., .340-341.
7. ... . , 1997 ., .455.

2009

1 0

.
?

,
.

.
,


,


.

, ,
,


,




.

,
,
.
,
.


.

,
,

,

-
,
.
,
.



?
.


,
.



. ,


,

,
.


.
1. ,

, .



(
-
).
, ,
, 1
.



. ?


.

, ,
,
,


.




2
.



.
,

- 3
, ,
.



. -

..:


.

1. ... - . , 1996 ., .20.


2. .. . . , 1990 ., .49.
3. ... - . , 1996 ., .20.

2009


.
-
.

- .


4" ;
2.
,
.

,
2
.
:
)
;
)

.


, .

( )

.

.
,
,
,
.

-
,
,

.

.
(
)
.
,


.

.
,
,
, ,



.

,
5
.




()
.
, ,

.
6



,
;
3.
, ,



?

?
.



,

1 1

.
, , ,
, ,
.


.

.

,

.

.
-

.


.


, (
) .

7
.



,

.


.

--
,
.

4. ... .
. , 1998 ., .284.
5. ... . , 1996 ., .23-25.
6. ... : . , 1998 ., .61-258.
7. ... . , 1998 ., .64, 78.

2009

1 2



,



.
, , ,
, ,

.


,


.
?


,

;
4.

,

.


.
.
,
.
,
: fiat justicia, pereat mundus8
(
)
.

;
5.

.



9.


,

.

.
,


, , .

,
,
10



,
.
,
, .



.
:
) ,
;
) , ,

;
)
(
, )


,
;
) ,

,

.



.
.
,
,
.
.
,
, ,

.
,
.

,

.

,
,
,
.



.

,

.


.

,

,

.

,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
.

8. . . . . , 1996 ., .2. .487-488.


9. .
10. ... . , 1996 ., .88-97.

2009

1 3


.
( )







(2000
) ,


.

,


1 .


. ,
.


,
,
.


,
.
Rechtsstaat
- Rule of

law (.)
Rechtsstaat Rule of law

.
Rechtsstaat
,
2
Rule of law-
Rechtsstaat-

3
.

Rechtsstaat

Rule of law

.
Rechtsstaat



.

1. . Rule of law; . //.. .


. ., 2008 , 620 /;
Rule of law . //..
. . ., 2005 , 222 /;
(Rechtsstaat .)
/ -rule of law/ //., ..
. ., 1998 , 219 /;
, der Rechtsstaat .
rule of law //.. . , 1998 ., 136 / .
Rule of law- (.. ,
. ., 1998 , 192 ), (.. ,
. ., 2004 , 391 ),
(..
. . ., 2008 , 620 ) .
2. , . Rechtsstaat
Rule of law
(.. . . ., 2005 , 222 ), .
. Rule of law state; . -
(.. . . ., 2008 , 621 )
.
.. ,
. ., 1998 , 193 , .. . ., 1998 , 138 , .,
., .. . ., 1998 , 238-239 , .. ,
. ., 2004 , 394 .
3. .. : , //: , , .
2006 , 1. 26-27 .
. : ..
. ., 2008 , 173 ; .. . ., 2009 ;
( , , , .
). ., 2009 , .

2009

1 4



(
) 1992





.





.
:
1992

Rule of law=Rechtsstaat=
;

Rule of
law=Rechtsstaat= ;

, Rule
of law=Rechtsstaat=

.
,



,

. , ,

, .


.
,

,


. ,



.
,


4
:

;


;
,

;

;

;
,

5.
:
,

,



6 .
-
:

4. .. . . ., 2005 , 219-224 .
5. .. . . ., 2005, 231 .
. :
;
, ;
;
;
. //.. . ., 1998 , 140 .
6. .. , . ., 2002 , 105-109 .
. :
;
, , , , ,
;
- , ,
;
;
, ; //., ., .. .
., 1998 , 239-253 .
, ;
; //.. . ., 1998 , 138 .
;
; //.. . ., 1999, 106-107 .
,
, ,
, ,
(.. . . ., 2008 , 621 ),
, , , ,
((.. , . ., 2004 , 391-394
), , , , ,
, , (.. . ., 2000 , 74 )

2009

:
, ;
;
;

;
;


7

.


.



,
,

8 .


, ,



.
-
.,
.





.

.


.


1 5

:
;
;

9 .





.

,
,
,
,



,

,

.


.
,
,

.
, ,
,


.

,

.
.

.

.
,






, ,
,
.
,


.

.
1990-

,
. 1980
1990
3

,

.

(1924, 1940, 1960
)



,


.
1990


.
7. . ( ). ., 2007 , 94-100
.
- .. .
. ., 2008 , 620 .
8. . ( ). ., 2007 , 100 .
9.., .. . (
, , , .
). ., 2009 , 10-15 .

2009

1 6



(1960 )

,
.
1990 3 21-

, ,


. ,
. 1990
5 10-
11
-


1990
5 12-

10
.

1960



,

.
-

,
11.
1992
1 13-

.



,
,

,

,


( 2 )
12. 1924,
1940, 1960


.


.
,



.


1992 1
16-

-


-


,
,
.

,
.

,

.

,
, , ,


.

.
,
,

.

13.

,
,


,

, ,
, ,


.
1993

,
,
,

.
1992-1997




. 1963
1994
,

.
, ,
,
,
,

,
,
, ,

,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,

, , ,
,

10. .. . ., 2008 , 38 .
11. .. . ., 2008 , 440-441 .
12. .. : , / /. , 2004 ., 15
.
13. .. : . ., 2004 , 197 .

2009


,
,
,
,
,
,
,

, ,
.
,
, ,
, , , ,
,
, , ,
,

180 1998

14,

.

,
,


.
1992-1996
10 369
, 374 15.
1996 7 25 1998 1 16-
66

, 111 ,
, 11
, 38
.
1997
180
, 126
, 75816

.
,

,


,
,

,
,
, ,


.
, ,

,
,

1998
.
1998 18
,
,

,

,

1 7



.
1998 1
22- 18

,

2000

,


- .

( )
,
,
, 7
17 56

.
,



,

,

,
, ,
,

.

2000 2

14. -8 . ., 2003 , 86
15. ., , ., 2002 , 67, 82 .
16. 1044 .
17. 7 :
;
;
, , ;
;
;
;
.
, , , .
. : ; , ,
, ; ;
, ; .
//.. , , . . ., 2008 , 14-16 .

2009

1 8

1) ,
,
,
2)


, 3)

, 4)

69

, 49 ,


2001, 2005

.

16
. 18
2000 9
1- 33

-
6
3-
,

2004

,
-
. 2001
5 18-
44

2004

-
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
19
6 150
, 7

.
2005

2008

, -
, ,
, ,
,
, , ,
,
7
134 ,
20

.




,
,
,


2002
.
,
, ,

, ,

,
,
,

.

,
, ,
,

,

2002 .
, ,


,
2003
.
,

,
,

,
,
,

2002
,

2004 6
.


2000-2004


, ,
,
,
,

,
556
539-
20.
2004-2007
, ,

,
, ,

.

, 1990

50-
(2007 10
01- )
360
.
14

2

.

18. , . ., 2008 , 5 .
19. 2001 44 .
20. .. . // . 2006 ., 2. 17-19 .

2009

208 ,
1044
.

2007 -

1998
18

.
2001 44



.
2005 26











.


,

.

,

,
.

,




.




,
,

21
.


.

,

.





,

.


,





,
.
,


.
2008
1 31-
12



.




,
,

1 9

, 2007-2015

,
, 2016-2021


. -
3.2-




.






,
, , ,
,
.

2007 -
.
:
1. 1998



,

.


- ;
2.
( )-

:

,
,
,

4
;
,

21. .. , , . . ., 2008 , 26-29 .

2009

2 0

, ,

,

,
,

;


( 38
2 1),


( 41
1 )


,

,

;

,

, ,
,

;

,



;

,


(),
,
(
) 22.





. ,




.


,
,
, ,


.




.



.
2000

.


(
)
.






.



.





,
,

22. ,
. ., 2008 , 451-452 .

2009

- , ,
, ,




2009 6
19-
304
.
-
,

, .
,
.,
-
, . ,
-
, .
.




,
,
, ,
.,


-



, ,

, .,

,
-
, -
,

, .




-

,
,



,


, -
, ,
,
, .
.
www.legalinfo.mn

2 1

,
,

1.
,

,
()- ,
,
()-


,
,
,
\,

,
.

-
, , ,

,
-

(
)

1, ,
2 ,
3,

4 ,

2.
;
3. ;

.


.

.

. :
1.
;
2.
;
3. .
, :5
1.
;
2.

;
3.
.
-:
1.
;

1. Financial disclosure form


2. Income, asset disclosure
3. Statement of economic interest
4. Conflict of Interest disclosure
5. Declarations of Income and Assets; Polish instruments assessment,
www.wap.edu.pl
6. Keith E. Henderson, Asset, Income Disclosure for Judges:
A Summary Overview and Checklist, Washington College of Law.


,
.

.
,


.

.
2.
-

-
,

6- . 2005
-



.
8
2-
,





. 5-

2009

2 2





,
, ,
,




. (

)
-

.
2006
() ,
, - 3
,

-

.

7:
-
,
8,
;
-


,


;
-

,

.


:
,

,

-

.9
3.
2006 3
75


62 .10

-

.
2007
47285
46768 98,9
-
, 184 0.39
,
333 0.7 -
.11
-
-

.
:

()- -
, 12
, ,
.
- ,

.

,

13-



;
-

-

.


14

;



.

,

.
:

,

-


.

.
.

;
,
,

7. 2002 41- , www.legalinfo.mn .


8. .
9. , 2007 , 70 .
10. , -
, 2008 11 27- .
11. -, 2007 , ,
, 2008 11 17- .
12. - , .
13. , 9 , 2007 .
14. 15.1
.

2009


15 ,

;
Nepotism




, ,


.16
-
.
,

;17
-



;

:
,
,

.

.




. 18

,


.



,
()

. 19



;
-


,

, . 20



, ,
21
, .


.
- ,
,


-
100000-150000

22.
,

23
?
? ;
- ,
,

2 3

-

,
-

.
4. One size fits
all remedy no
,
:


,


, ; (
, 2008





500024
.);



(
)
,

,
,
.

15. OECD, Ani-Corruption Toolkit, version 4, November, 2002., P.117.


16. 16.2.3 .
17. Pelagio S. Apostol, The Experience of Asset Declaration in the Philippines, Office of the Ombudsman, 2007 .
18. Anti-Corruption Tool kit, CICP-15, Volume one, 2002, P.118.
19. .
20. 11.1.5 .
21. - , ,
- .
22.
13.7 .
23. .
24. 2007 , , ,
, 2008 11 17- .

2009

2 4

.


-
,

;
,
- -
- ,
,
,
. ;

, (,
, ,
)
,

;
- ,

, -

. Terms such as verify
and investigate need to be carefully
defined in the law.25;
-
-
,
,

26;


,
, ,
,




. 27


. ,
,
-
( ) .
- -


;

. :
,
(

);


.

:
-

;


, ,


.

:
- ,
;

,
-
- ,
;


-
.

:

;

:

,



.

25. Richard E. Messick, Regulating COI: International experience with asset declaration and disclosure, http://www.acrc.org.ua/
articles_doc/ua/Regulating_Conflict_of_Interest_International_Experience_2007.pdf 2008/11/03.
26. , ,
.
27. - 8.5 , 2003 .

2009

2 5


,

,
,
,

4

, ,

,


.


1999
, ,


, ,

, (


,
, ,
) , ,


,

,
.





.


,

, - 20
9 (),
- 12 5
, - 5

80 ,

1
10%
8%

33%

18%

,

8%

23%







,


,
, ,



.

,
( 1- ).
,


.

,


.


,
,



.





59
.

38


,
,

2009

2 6

.




-


.
20

215 , 1100
.

,



,



.



, , -



.
2007
,
( 24) 372
, ,
( 23) 179,
,
( 22) 98 ,
437
. ( 2- )

2003 180
24
5000 , 23
,
3000 , 22
300

.


2009

372

437

179


;


24
.(
5000);


;

,
23 3000
23

;
-
,

.


.
,


.
24, -
2, - 1,
2,
6, 2,
1, 1,
1, 2,
18

.
62
4 .
,
,






,

:

.



. , -



.
,


.


;


.

;

, .
16
.

,

.




;
30


.
27

;
22

24
.

22

.



.


.


;

. ,


(
) .

.

. ,

.

.


.

. ,


, 1


. 24


.

.


.
,
,
,

16
.
,


. ,
,
.


.


.



,
,



.

, ,
,

,

.


,


,

.

,
,
.

,

,
,

,
,


,


.

,





:
1.

2 7


. ,






1.







.
,


2000



. 24
1500 ,
5000
.

,

.
2.


.

.
,


.




.
, 5


.
,

.
,

1.
.

2009

2 8

.

,



.
3.


.





. ,



,
,
,

, ,
()
17


.






.
4. ,





.

,
, ,
, ,
,

,


.
5.
16

.
2, 3
.
8
.


,

.
,
16
.



,
,
,
, ,
,

27
40.000
.

21


27

...

,


.
6. 16


.


.
,


,

.






. 16



.
,

2009


.
7.

,
- 3.3.8-

,

,

2.4-




.
.







.







.
,

3

.






,
.

2 9

,

1.




, ,
.


,
- ()

.







.


,
, ,


, ,
.

,


,

.


,

-
,
.
,
,

.


:

;
,
,
;


,
;



.


.

1. . 1996 .
2. ., . ., 2003 .



.
,
,
1.
,

()-

,


,


.
-
, 075

,
,


.




,




, .

,
.



.

,



.2

2009

3 0

2.


, ,

3.



.



.


.


,




.

:

,
,
, ,
.




,
.
,
.
,
,
.

GSP


.
-
- (
)


(
)

. -


,



.
GSP-

:
GSP
:
- ,
;
- ,

;
- 3


..
GSP
;
GSP
;
GSP
:
-
;
- ;
-
;
-
;
.
- GSP

,

. GSP
1976 1
1-

3. ., . ., 2005 .

2009

2006 12
31-
.
136

3400

.



37% .
GSP
():
- -

:


;

;

.
- -
40-




.
GSP- ()


,

,
,
.

10

1971-1981

. -

178
, -

.
49

.

:


,

3,5 ;

,

(GSP+)
,


;

.
,

GSP+
,


-

2005 7
1- -
GSP+-
7200
, ,


, ,
-

GSP+

,
- GSP+

:
- -


. (
-
,

);


;


.
- GSP+
3
:
,

;
-

(The
Invoice Declaration);
(The
Movement Certificate EUR1).
GSP+

:


;

;
;
,
;

;
,

.
2003 GSP- v
163,
000 . v
2.4 % - . 2004
2003
vvv
,
2
309, 000 .
v. GSP+
vvv

vvv

.
2003 GSP+ -
800, 000 .
12%-
. 2004
1.4 . v
. GSP GSP+ -

- 90%-

3 1

vvv .
GSP+

2005 7

vvv

7200

v, v
vv .

2006-2008 ,
2015 v .



,
. vv

v, ,
vv
vvv
-
,
vv .
3.


4:
1336.4
. ,
2005 290.9
. 27.8
;

-
,
,
3
0.09-8.3 .
, 18

0.02-112.2

. .
112.2
. 38.3 ,
, ,
24.1
. 23.4 ,

20.0 .
43.7 ,
33.9 . 91.4

4. . 2006 11

2009

3 2


.

82.0
, 1.1

, 2.7
, 9.8

, 3.9

, ;


.




, ,

.

( )

4 0 .0 0 %
3 6 .8 0 %
3 5 .0 0 %

3 0 .0 0 %
2 7 .1 0 %
2 5 .0 0 %

20%

2 0 .0 0 %

1 5 .0 0 %

1 0 .0 0 %
6 .2 0 %
5 .0 0 %

4 .1 0 %

3%

2 .8 0 %
0 .0 0 %

1.

2.

3 .

4.

5.

6.

7.

3 8 .3 0 %

1 7 .8 0 %

1 2 .5 0 %
9 .5 0 %
6 .7 0 %
4 .9 0 %

4 .5 0 %

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

5 .8 0 %

"

, ,


,
,

2009

3 3

,

.
,





.

,

,
,
, , ,






.



. -




1


,


2.

,


.
,

-
,
.


,



.

,




.
,



. :

;

;



, ;
,

;


;

.


. ,




,


.
.





.
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;

1. Rosenberg /Schwab/ Gottwald.ZiviljrozeB.1993. S.307.


2. Furtner.Das Urteil in ZiviljrozeB.4.Aufl.1978.
3. . . , .,
2008 , 304 .
4. .. .., 1996 , 56-57 .

2009

3 4



5.

10 2-
, .;
.

6.
,
.
.









11
.

1.1 ,

32.1, 34 1
,
, ,

,

,
.
, ,







:

.


.















116 2-




.
,

1.
135

.

,
. ,




.

.

,
-76 -

,
-
, .
,

(
: .

2006 5

...

10- 363 ,

5
2006 8


18- 439
( 2005
.
,
10 18-
,
2006
987 ,
,
11 7-
2005 12
,
650 )
15- 608 ,
,


,

2006 3


9- 152


)

.

,

2.
,
,
.






,

5. ., . ., 2007 , 555 .

2009



.
6
,
,
,



,
.
.
7




.


.
4

.



. :
.

, ;
.

, .

,

,


.
.

,






. :
.

3 5

;
.
,
;
.

;
.

.
I.



.






.

,



;
II.

4

,
, ,


.


,
,


.



.

,
, ,
, , ,

, ,


,
.



.

,

,

.
,

, ,
,
,
, ,


.



,

.


, .

.
,


,

,

, , ,


,
,
,

,
,

6. ., ., . . ( ). .,
2008 , 92 .

2009

3 6

.
:
(


;
) ,


;



III.








()



,



.

.
.

38 1

()
,
, .
;






;

.

,
40


1

, ,




,


.




.

, ,

.
,
,
:

,
.
,

...



.
.



...


21.5.3, 23.3.7,
,
, ,
34.1-
,
, ,
( )
, ,
6 .
() ,
, , ,

,


,
,





;


IY.

(
)


,
,


,
, ,

,
,

, ,


,



.

2009



.


.

,
,
,


.


, ,

, ,

7
.
3.

,
,
.

, ,




.
,



.

,


, ,
, ,


.

. :
-
(
2006 12
13- 201

3 7

,
2007
4 3- 201
)


,
,

.
4.


,

.

,
,


. :
.
...


987




-
,


.
5.
,




.






.





.
6.



,
, ,

.

,
,
, ,
,
,

.

.

:
-
- (
2-
2006 7 17-
180- ,

2007 1
09- 33 )

118 1

,
, ,


, ,


.
,
1. 168



7. .. . ., 2001 , 124-125 .

2009

3 8





,






.
2. ,

,
116

2-



.


,

,



,

,

2009

.
3.
,
, ,

,


.
4.

,
-

,


.

3 9




,
.
...



- .
.


()-

()-
.



1 .

.


,


.

,
,
, ,


.

,



.


,
,

-

,
.
,





.


,
.

,
,
,


.

,

...



,



2 .


:
,
-

,

,

,



,

,
,

.


,



. 19
20
,


...
3

.

.







,

1. , 2001 ., 116 .
2. ., .. , ., 1998 ,
36 .
3. , 2001 , 111 .

2009

4 0
4 .



,
.

,

,

.


,

.

,

5 ,



,


.




.
(, )

,




.


,



,
,

,

,


, ,
,

,
6
.

,
,

,

,

(, )
. ,


,

,
,


(, )
.

17

,
-

.






,


.


17.2,

261.2 ,

239 ...

,

,

...
.



,

, .



.
,

.
,
,
,
,

,


.

,


.


,

,
.

239 239.4-

4. ., .. , ., 1998 ,
37 .
5. The Philosophy of Karl Popper. Vol-1. La Salle, 1974.
6. , ., 1999 , 43 .

2009



.


.

,
.

.
,
, ,

.





( )
,

.
,


,



.


,

.

,

.



.


. :

, ,
,

,

,
,

4 1

, ,


.


,

,


.






, ,


.



,


.

,
,
.
.



41.3.3 41.3.4


...

...



,

.
, ,


,
, ,

.



.




,

.

.



.




.

.
,

,

.


. ,

.

,

,


.

?


,

,
,
,

2009

4 2





.


,


,

, ,

, ,

.


.
,
, ,

.







.






,

.



.






,

.
,


7


.







.



.

,
,

.


,


.



. 8



.

,

8
.







.




.


.






. ,






.
,


,

2009 6 15-

.


10, 11, 12 ,
.
10,11

,12


, ,

.
2002


.
,
.
-
.
www.legalinfo.mn

7. . 317, 318, 319, 320 .


8. . . ., 2007 , 575 .

2009

4 3

,



5


,


.
,
,



.


, ,


.




,
.
.

,

, ,

, .



,

,


.

,




.



.-

,
,
,



,
,

, ,
,


.


,

.


,
,
,

, ,
.


.

,
.

,
.

,
,


.
,

,

,
.
,
,
,

,
,


,
.


,




,

.



2009

4 4

.

3 ,






.
, ,
,
,
,
,

.

,


, ,



.


,
,


,

,
,

.

,

.

,
,

,


.



,



,
.
,



.
,

,


,

.
,
,



,
,
,

,

,

.
,

.

,

, ,
,
.
,
, ,



.
,

. ,
, .

2009

.


2008

37% ,

, 24%-
,

, 32%-
,

,
, 7%-
,


.


,
,



.


. ,

,

.

4 5



,
,








.



.

.



.


.
..




.

..
<<
>>
.
..

..

()

.


.
<<

.


>>

. .

.


. ,
..
,

.

,




.
..

.


.

..,
..,
.. .
..
<<

,

>> .
,
,




,

.

,
(

,

,
, , ,
>>.


,



.
.. :
( )

( )
.
,


.
..:

2009

4 6

()
,



,
.

, ,
.

,

..

. , ,





.
, ,



.





.
. . ,
.., ..

-
,


.

(
)



.

.

.

-
.

,
.. .

..
.
.., ..



.
.



...

,

,


.
.

.



.



..
.

(





.
,
( ,

2009

)

.
..



..

,





.



.






.


.
..


. ..

.

.. .

,



.

..,
..
, ,

,
, ,

.


,
()

,
,
( ,
, )

.
,
,
,



,
,
,

.

( )

,

.







.

.

,

.
.., ..

. ..

,
,


,


,
,


.

()


..

,






.


, ,


.

. ,

.

. ,

.


,

.

,


.

,
.

.

. ,
, .

4 7

,



-


.
:
, ,
, ,

.

.


( )
.

,
, .

.




. ..



() .

.
,
,


.


..:


.


..
.

2009

4 8


:
. -

)
, ,
,

.


:
,

,


.
.., ..
: ,
,
,
.


,
.
-
.
()
. (XI
)
.
( ),
( ), ( ),

(),
()
. ,

.. .
..



(),
(), ()- .


.
(
)
,

,


.



..
.
..

.


,
. ,
( ,
,
)



.




, ,



,

(,
)

.


.
,

(
)

.

2009

.
..

.
,


:

,

.


.

.


.

20 90-
.




.
..



.
..

,



.

.

,

.


.
1.
,
;
2.
,
.

,

(
),
,
(

) .




70-80


, ,



(
)

.

(
) ,
.
..



.

,
,
,

,


.
()

.
..
: ,





17-18
.

.



.
,

,

.

,
,

4 9
()


().

()


.

(!)


. ,






)
.

.



.



.


.

, ,


.



.

,


2009

5 0

. ,
.. (

):


.



.




.

,
.


,

.


,
, ,
,
.

()

,




.


.



.

:

.



.
..
200







( )



,

.

()

.



.


,
.

,

.

.
.
..





,


.

. .

2009


,


.


. <<
(,
)
,

, ,
.
,
, ,
>>.


.


( ,
, )


,

. ,

(
)


.

,
,

.

,


, (
)
( )

5 1
.
,


,

,
.

-



.



. :
,
,
. ,

()
.
,
,
,
.




.
-

, ,
,

..




,

.




,
, ,
,



.


.


.

()




,
.


.
..

.
,

.



,
,
.


.
1. -
,

;
2.

(, )

;
3.
-

;
4.
-

.

2008 4- 16-20
18 ,
,
407 . . . ,
407 . . . .

2009

5 2




, .




,

,
.

,





.
, ,
,


,
.

, ,




.

,




, ,

.



,
,


. 1994

.

,



.


,
.


,



.



,

.


,
,
, ,




.

,

,


.


,

2009

,

.

,

, , ,
, ,
, ,




.
, , ,
,

,



,
.


.
(2002 )-
41
,

28

.


,

.

,
, ,

,
,


IV
, 11


.
,




-


.


,

,



.








.



.

.





.

,

.


( ) 9
.
40
.


, 3

.



,


( 40
40.1.2, 1.4).

( )-
,
,

. (
23 23.1.1,
23.1.2)




.
,


, ,


?

.

,

,

5 3
,


, .



, ,

,

,

,



.



,



.


,
,
.
,

, ,

.


,
,
.







.

,
,
.

2009

5 4


,
,


( 32-34
,

,



,
(
27
27.2.3)
.
,







40 40.1.1-
.





.

.
1991



,

.

.


, ,


.

,



- ,
,


.
,

,

, ,

,


,



,

,


.


,


.
, ,
, .



.


,
. . :



1 .



,


,
,


.






-
.

,
,

,

,


,
, ,
,
, ,



.




,

.



,
,


.

1. . . : . ., 2004 , 280

2009

5 5





.
,




.

,


.


,
, , , -
,
-
,

.1
,

6


,
( )- 2008
5 22-


.

-

,
.
,
:

,


,
,
,
, ,
, ,
,
, , ,

;


,
,

;

,
,

,

,

.
,


,
,
,


,

,
.


:2 ( 1- )

,
,
,


( ,

.)
.
,


,


:

;

1. .. ( ). 523 .
2. ., . ( ). ., 2009 , 74 .

2009

5 6

-1

,
,




,



,

,
,

,

.


,
, ,

,

.
,
,

,
,

.
,
,
.
,

.

,


2000 107
,
( )-
,
.

,
,



.
,

,


2009 14


,

,

,
. .4
.



. :

,
1.
,
.
- ,

.3
,


( 2- )
,
,



2.7- ;
,

2. , , ,


3. . ( ) . ., 2005 , 24 .
4. , , ,
. ., 2009 , 35 .

2009

5 7

-2


(
)

( )



,
;
3.


,
,
,
, ,
;
4.

(
,
,
);
5.
, ,
,

,

;
6.
,


, ;
7. ,
,
,
, ;
8.





.
,




.

,
5:

( ,
);


,
;

2009

5 8


.

:
( 1- )



135 143
;
6.
138
;

,




.

7.
138
146 ;
8.
, 155
;
9.
, 155
164
;
10.
,
159
;
11.
,
159
168
;
12.

182
6.


(, )

,


,


,

,
,


(


),




,




.
1969 -





.
,

, :
1.
59
;
2.

123 ;
3.

123 124
;
4.


135 ;
5.

,
,






5. Korea Occupational Safety& Health Agency, , 2009.


6. ( ), (I ). ., 2004 .

2009

5 9








,
,




.






.

:
. ,
, ,

, ;
.
;
.


. 1
,


,
.

,

, ,


,

.

-

,
.


,



.


:
1.

(
);
2.
. (
)

,




,
.
, ,


, ,

.







.



56 56.5-


,
(

, )

.




.
,
,
. ,
,





,

.
,


.
,

1.., ., . , 2001 , .324.

2009

6 0



,



,

,
,

2
.
,
,



,

( 56
5 )

, ,

,

,

.
,
,
(


)






.

.

,






()




.

.
,


.


.




,

.



,

(, )


,



.




:
1. ,
,



;
2.



.


, 1926







-
191, 192, 193


,

.
1952


-

. 1963, 1994, 2002


,
(

,

)

,

,

.

2.
. ,
,
. .. .., . , 2000., .447.

2009





.

()
(),
()
,

,

,


.



,
.

,
.
1.

.




,

,


()

(
),
(
)

.



(
) ,


3
.
2. ,

,


.

,


(,

)


.

. 492

492.1.1-

,

,
106
106.1-


,





,

,

.

,







.

6 1
,



.






,

. ,

,



,


,
4.



.


,

,
-
,









. ,

3. .., . , 1999.,
4. .., . , 1999., ( )

2009

6 2


,
.




.



.


,


,

,

.

,
.


. :

()

,

()
()
,

;
,






.



56
56.1.10-

,

,



,

.






;



(

)

. ...
,


,



.


5
.

,

5. ...., .. .
. 1. , 1998., .445.

2009






,
.



.
, ,
,


,





.

2010
, .







.


30

.

,

.

,


.
(www.legalinfo.mn )

6 3


,

.





, ,

.
,

.

,
.






1.
,



,
,

.



2.

,
-
.

,
,
.

.
,


.

:
;
, ;


.



.
, 2001
55



,

.



.

. :
,
2000 213
:

;
,
1999 204
1
:

;
1998
84 :
, ,

,
.


,

1. ., ., - , , 1992., . 96.
2. ., . , 1992.

2009

6 4

.

:
;

.



.

188 , 185
16-




. 2005

29, 105

8
.





. :




,
;

.







. :




, ,
;

, ,

,

.

,
,




.



,

.


,
,


.


,


.


,
,

2009

.



.




.

,

.

,


.




.

.


.


. :
,


.

.

.
:




.

:
1. 22


,
.

32

.
22




.

32

,
()
;





.




3.
4.



;
2.

.

29


;
3.

128

-
. 128.1.7-

- .
26.8-
...



1
,

. 3

,
2

.


;
4.

40.1.3-
60


24.3.-



65 4 .



;
5.

6 5

.

39



.
:




.


.




,
.
:





,
,

.
,
, ,

,
,

,

.

,

;

2009

6 6






?,
.




6
6.2-
, , ,



.
(
,
, ,


, ,

.)

,

.

,
,
.
,
,
,
,

3
3- 1-:
.

,


,


.
,



.
.
()
. :



.

,







.


.


.


.
1. ;
2.
.
,

.
, ,

1 .



.

.
.


.


.

,
2.



.


. :
.


, ,
,
.

.

,
,

1. .. . ., 2007 , 122 .
2. .. , ., . ., 2008 , 4. 8 .

2009



.

.

3.


,

,
.
:
,
,


, ,


.

1924




,
, 90-


.




.
,


,



4.


,

1992
16
,
; 8/
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
; 16/
,
, ,
, ,
.
,




,

.

,
-

19
,
,

18
1-
, , 18.2-
,

, 19 2-

:


,

,

, ,


,
,

6 7
.


16 17- :



,
.
2000


.



,
,
,
,

9 1-
,


.
10
2-

,
3-










.
16
14- ,
,


.

-

3. www.globeinter.org.mn.
4. .. , ( ) ., 1999 , 139 .

2009

6 8
1974

, ,

- .

,



.

-
.
19
:
,
,

, ,


,
,
.



19




10 2.3
16 14
.

.



3
,-


.
16 16-
, , ,
,

,

, , ,


.

.

,



,

.




.
, , ,

.


,
24
4-
.




.
10 4-

,




5.

,
.

, ,
, .

.


.

,

.

.



.6

,
.


18
,
,

.




,
,
,
.


, ,



.

,
,
,
7.
1999 ,
1130
190

5. . ., 2001 , 53 .
6. - 59 .
7. . ., 2001 , 10 .

2009


. 2008
398- 2
.

168 , 77
, 57 , 77 ,
/ 69/, 19
.
354 89

,
,
,

90-94
73 .
8



. , 1999

5
2008 12
,
18
.

,

20 8.

,




16
17-: ,

6 9
,



,

,

.


29
29.2- ,

,

.


,
.

1. , , 2008 ., 5 .

2009

7 0

,

.



.


,
,


,
, ,
.
-
,
. 2005

80
-


4
,
.


. :
, 1925-1964 .

,
,
;
, 1964-1985
.

,
,
;
, 1985-1997
.
,
,

2009


.
, 1997-2005
.

,
,

.

,



.



.


2009 1

5

.


.
: 1925-1990




.
,


.





,

.
.


1921 5 21-


, 1958
,

, 1960



.





.
1963
59
,




,


. civil
law


,
.
1985

-

, ,



;
: 1990


1990

1963
59
,

- ,

1. 1992
5 2


,


.
19
1
,
, ,
,
, ,








.
1990-

.
1992 8 3 242



2.

1992-1994 ,
, , ,



1997






. 1998
-



1999 ,
2002
,
,
, ,

,
,

,
,




,
.
1998 -




.

3.

7 1
.
1997

2002

,




.



,
,
,

. 2008


.


,
,


, , ,
,

.

1... , ., . ., 2005 , 1, 56 .
2... 80
. 2005 .
3... . .,
., 2008 , 2, 10 .

2009

7 2

.


,
, , ,




.
, ,
, .


,
,





.
1997






,


,
,



.

1997



1998

,



,
. . . ,

,


,

,



.

1997-2009

:
1.

,


.
2,

4,
6,

1,
22,

2,


, ,

-
,





;
2. 1997

,

2009

2002
,

;
3.


,


,
,
,
,


;
4.

,
,

,

, ,
;
5. ,
2003

,

,
,


;
6. 2005
80

-
,

,
-,



,





;
7. ,
, ,


,

,


;
8.




.

, -


;
9.
,

,

,


.
.



,








,

.


,




()-
.
1998







.

(Civil law) 4
, , ,
-
.

.
,

,



,

.



-

,



,
.
-

2002
,

-

7 3

2005

.
,








.

, -


,
,



,

.



, ,


.


,
- ,


,




.

4. - . ., 2000 ,
188 .

2009

7 4





.



.


,
.

, 1837-1901


,
,
. 1






12
.


, ,

.
,

,

,
,
, ,
, ,
.2
,
,

.
XVIII

120,000 .
,
64 ,
52 ,
80 .

. 3


,
25
. 4 XVIII
XIX
,


5 .



-
XIX
.

16
1802,
1819

, 18

12-
6.

1833
11-18
12 , 9-11
8 , 9
.


1847
10


.


.


,



.

,




.








.

1 Laura Del Col, West Virginia University, The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England
2 Barbara Daniels, Poverty and Families in the Victorian Era
3 Labor David Cody, Hartwick College http://victorianweb.org/history/hist8.html
4 http://hiddenlives.org.uk/articles/poverty.html
5 E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, (Penguin, 1968), P.366-7.
6 Laura Del Col, The Life of the Industrial Worker in Ninteenth-Century England West Virginia University

2009



,



.


, ,
,

7
,

, ,
,

.

, ,
,

, ,

,
.

,

, ,
,


.


.

,
8.
,
,


. 1998



,


.

,

,




. ,


.
70-80
.9
14



, 11
20
,

,

1

- .




,


.


7 5
.
,
,
61%, 32%,
6%, ,
1%
22 ,

17 .





.10

()-
5-14 158

.11
218 250
.12
32 :

,
, ,
, ,
,




,

.13
1990- ,

Child labour in Kyrgyz coal mines. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6955202.stm. Retrieved on


2007-08-25.
8
The State of the Worlds Children 1997". UNICEF.
9
http://www.boloji.com/society/0035.htm
10
Morendy Octora - Central Of Manpower Data & Information, 2008; Aditya Agroebie - ILO, 2008)
11
http://www.unicef.org/ceecis/pub_beyond_en.pdf
12
Worst Forms of Child labor Recommendation, 1999. International labor Organization. http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgilex/convde.pl?R190. Retrieved on 2006-10-05.
13
Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations. http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Retrieved on
2006-10-05.

2009

7 6
-

. -
(The United Nations
Foundation) ,
2002



. 14






.

,


,
,


,

.



.






,
15
.



- 16

,

14

,
,



.
1998 1 17-


-
,
,
,

.



.



,

,

.
169


.


.

(
, )

111 ,

59
( ),

14


123
,

100 ,


182
,

122
,





.

,

.


,

.
,
, .

XIX


.



, , ,
,


.
, -
- ,

,


.


16 .

http://www.unwire.org/unwire/20020510/26300_story.asp
Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human
Rights. http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ratification/11.htm.
16
Wobblies! A Graphic History of the Industrial Workers of the world edited by Paul Buhle and Nicole Schulman p.294.
15

2009

7 7

-

(II )



(
)
,
,

.


,
,


.


(The Product of plea bargaining)

,

.


.
:
.
(US Code

-


) , ,



;
.

;
.



, .

. :
-
(Pleas to Lesser Charges)




,

,

.




(criminal elements)
. -


(first-degree
murder),
(second-degree murder)



,
.

,

,




.



.


(burglary)
(trespass),

(grand theft)
(petty theft)
.




,

,

.

,



( )

.
-
(Dropped Charges or Case)
,


.



2009

7 8

.


,

.

(

indictment, information) ,

.


nolle prosecui (.)
nol pros





.





.




. -

concurrent sentencing



(


)
.





.



,


,




.






.



2-3






.
-
(sentence bargains)
,


.


,
, ,
.


,
,

. ,
,

2009




,
,
,


,
.
-
,


,

,
,
. -


,
,



(
)




.



(Judicial review and acceptance of
pleas)

,

,






.




,


.
,



-

( )

.

(ABA standarts Related to
Pleas of Guilty)
1968





.
,
- ,
.

:





,


,


,
.

. :

-


;
-
,

;
-
, ;
-


, (

).





.
(accurate-., -.)
-






,

-
.

,

.
,


,







.

7 9

.



.



,

-
.
3.172 ;
1.



,

.
,


;
2.


()

;
3.

. :
3.1.


, ,

;
3.2.



,


;
3.3.

,

2009

8 0

,
,

, ,
,

;
3.4.



;
3.5.

(
) ;
3.6.


,
,

;
3.7.


,
;
3.8.
-
-


-

.
4.

,




;
5.


;
6.

;
7.
,
;
8.



,

.


,


.

-
6
..


, ,

,
,

,

2009



..


,
,
,



,


-


.

,
,



-
,
,




.
,
,
,



,
, ,


,
.

8 1


,
- , .





. -

.





.


.
1522

15-19


, 20-22


2 .

(271 2 )

(15
)-

,
.




.

,



. ,



.



.

1.
(
17 )


17
1
.


,


. 1
302
1 , 305
2 2,
311

56
2 3, 71d- 2
, 100
2 1
2 .
17 1

.
,



.
,


2 .

3 .
,

.
2.

18
:
,



,


.

,

1. - . 17 ., 3, 5 .
2. BGHZ 90, 381, 396; 121, 137, 146. Hueffer, AktG, 17 ., 8 .
3. BGHZ 90, 381, 396

2009

8 2

.
,

,


.


:


( );


( ).

,




4.
.


,
, ,



.

.
4.Rehbinder, ZGR 1977, 581, 591.
5.Wuerdinger, 65 IV 1 d

2009



3
:
, ,
.
3.

.
:

17

()
;



.



.


.
,
.
:



.



.

.



5.
18


:



,

.


;


.


17

.
4.

:



.


, ,

.
5.




.



.




.

18





.
:

(
290 );





( 145

320
3, 323.1 ).







.

,




( 297
1 ).
315


.




.

(
294.1).


.



.
,
300-307, 310-312


.



293 1

.

293

.

.




.


291, 292








.




6-

8 3

.

, ,


.

,





.






.

2009 8

8,
9-


.



,

,

,

.

, ,


www.legalinfo.mn
.

2009

8 4

,

,



, .


,
,


,

.

,

.






.

,
,
,
,








.


,
,

.




,



,
,
,


, ,

,





.

,




. :
1. ,




2-
,

2009

,



;
2.




,
,


,


,
;
3.


,

3


;
4.


,
,

,



,
,

,
;
5.



,

,

,
,
, ,
,
,


.


,
,

.




.
,

.



,


.

,

8 5





.







,

,
,


,
, ,
, -

,
,
,
.
2007







, ,
,
-
,

,
,



.

, ,


.

,
, - ,
1-2



.

,
.



, ,

,


.

2009

8 6
, ,





.

, ,


,


,
, ,
,
,

. :
1.

,


,

,
,


;
2.





;
3.

, ,

, ,
,

,

2- ;
4.



,
,

,
,

,



.


,
, ,




.
,

-

International Society for Forensic

1. http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/html/codis1.htm, http://www.mvd.ru/struct/3842/
3845/, - ,
-

2009

Genetics
(ISFG)

International Qualifications
Assessment Service (IQAS)-




.


,

2



.





,


.
,

,


,

,
,
.





.1

8 7

,
1990


,
,
,



. 1990, 2000,
2005
,

,

,

,
, ,

.
,
,
, ,
,
, ,
,

,

. 1



.


,


.

,

.
,

.2


,

?


?
.



, ,
,

3
,
, ,



.
:
,

(
148 ),

( 150 )
2002

2


,

.4
,
,

, ,
,


, ,

1. - , 2005 .
2. , . .-, , , ,
., 2008 , 14 .
3.2004-2007 113, 124
- , - 2009 .
4. .,
, 2008 , 1.
5. - 2006 6
, .
, 2008 .

2009

8 8

,


, ,
(
)
,
, ,

. ,

,



(


,
) .
,
, ,
,





.

:


.
,
,
.
: ,

, ,

, , ,


5.

149


.6 :
,




,
. 7



,

,


.8
,
9: 2006, 2007
,



.

,
,
.

,
, ,
,


,
,
,
,

vv
vvv,

,
,
v,
,

,
,

,




.
, :


,
,

,


.10
11

6.,
, ,
.
7. , ,
, , .
8. , ., , 2008
, 4.
9.,
, . , 2008 , 2.
10. , . .-, , , ,
., 2008 , 76 .
11.
52 2008 500
25

2009




91,0

59,0 .

29,5
4
-
2,6
.


. 2007
11 18.9
2008 28,9
3
.
47
10

.
12
54

, 40
2-3
.
,



,

.





,

,

8 9

,
v

15
. 2001

v, 24
, 9
v v
.
v
241
, vv: 144,
vv 36, 27, 24,
9, 1
.12
vv ,
v v
vv
.

,
v
,

v
( vvv
vv 25-57

v vvv)
.

, ,
,
,

.13


14
.

15



,
(
) ,


,
.
,
,



.

:
,


.
.



-
20
,
-
,

,
,
(
),
, ,

,
.
,







.
2

6 ,

. http://zorigtsoc.wordpress.com/
12. v
13. , ., http://zorigtsoc.wordpress.com/
14. , 2009 5 9- 112, ,
-
.
15. 2004-2007 - 113, 124
, , 2009 .

2009

9 0
,

,

,




.
,
: ,



,
,

,


,


,
.
,
,

, 16
.




.
,
, ,
:

.


.
,
, ,

,


.
1995-2005 ,


, ,
, ,
, ,
63

,
152
,
. 63 60
22

42

.

22,5 , 0,1
, 0,4 , 4
, 285 , 200
, 2500
, 1475 ,
67

.

.
5
:
1995-2000 17 58
;
2000-2005 46 93
,
.17
5


,




.
,
,


.


, ,




.
4
.
:


-


, ,

;

,

;
,
.




,
,


;



.

?

:18

16. , 2009 6 4- 136/3213,


, 9
,
.
17.2000-2005 3 ,
, , 2006 .
18.-

2009

9 1
,

,

.
:

;


;
;
, ,
,
;

;

;

;

;

;
,
.




. :
,

,
,

,

,
,

.


,

,
,
,


.



.



(, ,
)
.
,
,
.

:
,


,


,
,
,



.19

,

.
,

:





.





.
-


,
( ),


,

,



.

-

-


-

.

2009 6 8-
12- 5

-
.
21

,
,
,

.,
.,
.,


.,
,

.,
,


.,


.,

.
.

,
,
, 2008 .
19. - - .

, 2007 .

2009

9 2

,
, ,

1


,


.

,

,



.




-
, 1993, 2002,
2004, 2008 ,

,
2004 , 2008

.


2005

,

2
, ,



,
( ),



.


,
,
,


.
. ,
,

.



( , 1)
-1









,
2008
222
72 32.4
, 42 58,3
.

1.1924, 1940, 1960, 1992 . ., 2007 .


2. ( ). , 2005 .

2009

,
,
, ,
,

,
,


- ,
,



, ,


,
.
,
, ,
,
,
,


2006
161
242
57
112
34
70
59,6%

2007
2008
200
222
295
305
72
72
120
126
36
42
69
83
50,0%
58%

583
842
201
358
112
222
55,%




.
,

9

., 7

, 1997

1
.,
,
20

, 2001

2
, 2002 11
15- 8 3

.,
14

,
2005
5 6
,
419
.
, , ,
20032005
48 ,


9 14.340.0

. :
1. .
41
8.730.0

;
2. .
, 46
8.590.0



;
3. .
,
26
5.590.0

;
4. . 1
350.0




145 145.3
.-
, .- ,
145
145.2
.- ,
145 145.1

9 3

.-

, ., ., .

.


,


,

,
.

,
- 7

., - 3

.,
. - 14

, 2006

5 7
,

2006 .
,
2006 10 18-

-
2 ,

- 13 , 15
,


, . 2006
8 23-
- ,

5.990.0

.
., . - 13

-
-
,
,
,
. :
1. 2
2008 86

.-
91
91.2.1, 91.2.6, 91.2.11
,
145
145.2
, 147 147.1

,
57
57.1

,
;
2. .- 91
91.2.1, 91.2.6, 91.2.11

, 145
145.2

,
57 57.1


;
3. 145
145.2
.- , .-

, .-

4
, 20
,
.-
5
, 20
, .,
.

.

48
.

.


,


, ,

2009

9 4
, ,
,




,
,

.

25


.


,
,
,
,

,

.




,






.



,
.

, ,


,


, ,

.
,

,


, ,

,




-
,
,
. , 2008


,



155 155.1

,



.
,




,
,


.
10
25.5



-
,





. 2008
10 30-

3. , 42. 2008 .

2009

,
,
3-
,


, , ,



. , 8
8.2-

,


.,
,

17 17.1.1-

,
,

,

,
,
,
,


,
50.0 ,
250.0

.

,
,
,





,

.

,
,
,

9 5

,



.

,

,
,
,


,


. ,
2008
42
23
54.7 , 11
47.8
, 13 30.9
, 7 53.8

.


83 34
40.9
, 27 32.5



15,

3, ...
1,

5 .

,
2002, 2008

,

,




8 ,
25 ,
4 ,



,


,


.

,
2008 ,

16
, 38 54
( )
8 15
10



.
70,
64,
33,
31
.



,
,
, ,
, ,
, , ,

,


. 2008
111 397

315 79.3
.


, - 15

. . 2005, 2006
, ,
,
-,
,
,
, , ,


15 33 , 5
13
,

,
-8
,


14.830.0

1 2008
44
55
55.1, 49 49.1,
145 145.4


, 7 6
,


.

.

,
,

, , ,

, ,

,



.:
1. ,

1993
,
,




4. 145 , 2006
5 29- 28 . . ., 2008 .

2009

9 6
,


,



. ,
155 155.1



,

,

,


,

-


49
49.2


,


.

,
,







;
2.
,



, ,

,
, ,
,

,
,
,



,
,
,
,

, ,

,

;
3.



, ,

, , ,

,
,
,
;
4. ,

,

,
,



,
, ,



,
;
5.

,

2009




;
6. ,


,

,
, ,

,


,

;
7.
,
(2004),
,

(2008), ,
,


(
,
), ,

, , ,

;
8.

,



,


,

,
,
-
,



.

9 7

XXI ,

, ,
,


,
,



,
, ,
,

,
,

,

,
. ,
,

,


,
(, ,
,
.)-


. ,

,

,
, ,
, ,
,

.

,

,
,
,
,

-
,
.-

.
,

-


.
-

, ,


,
,
,



1.
-

.. ,

-


,


,

2
.
..


( -)




.


,



3, 4, 5

.



. , -
..



6

.

a





. ,


,

, ,
( )
,

. ,
,


,
.

1. .-, . , 2007(2-3), 100 .


2. .., . . ., , 1991. .129.
3. XXVIII , .
4. XVI , (),
.
5. XXXI , .
6. .., ---, , 1997. .11.

2009

9 8
,


,

.
,


-
(, ,
), ,


(
)-
.

-
,
,

,
- 7 .

-


.

,

-
, ,

,

-
,



. -

,

, ,
,
,


. ..
-
,
8.
1. :

;
,

;
,

.
2. ,

:
-
( ,
,

.) ;
-
( ,
.) ;
-

(,

.)
.
2001 11 ,

-




,
,
,
,

,
, ,

. II

,

1. ,
,
,
,

,
,
,

;
2.
,


,

;
3.
,
,
;
4. ,

.

, ,


.

-:
.


(

);
.



;
. ,
,

.
,
,

7. .., - . . . . . : 12.00.08/ ., 1996.


8. .., . 2001.

2009

You might also like