Cheat sheet

Two modes of mass transfer Diffusion and Bulk Motion Diffusion : Fick ' slaw dC A N A " DAB , flux dx N A N A "* Area NA " NA DAB (C A,1 C A,2 ) L L

Two types of boundary conditions

x 1 xA0 L x A 1 (1 x A0 )( ) 1 x Al

type1: c A ( x 0, t ) c A,0 constant dc A 0 constant flux dx x 0 Steady-state, no chemical reactions, type2 : 1-d, planer d 2cA dc 0, A c1 dx 2 dx c A ( x 0) c1 x c2 c A 2 c A1 L c2 c A1 c1 c A 2 c A1 x c A1 L Steady-state, no chemical reactions, 1-d, cylindrical c A ( x) d dc A (r )0 dr dr dc A c1 dr r c A ( x) c1 ln r c2 c1 c A 2 c A1 r ln 2 r1 c A 2 c A1 r ln 2 r1

NA "

cDAB 1 x Al ln L 1 xA0

watch for advection, most times it can be ignored but sometimes it needs to be included Can be rewritten to molar of mass concentrations Resistance of mass transfer,planer L R mt DAB A NA

DAB A(C A,1 C A,2 )

BulkMotion Q hA(C A, S C A, )

P T = temperature, P = pressure ci Pi RT

1 (C A1 C A 2 ) R mt cylindrical h convective mass transfer coefficient r ln( 2 )c 3 r1 mt R T2 2 LDAB D , If D can not be found
AB AB

spherical R mt 1 1 1 ( )c 4 DAB r1 r2

Pi RT Pi RT i 1 Fick's Law = diffusive molar flux c xi i c J A DAB VC A DAB V (CX A ) N A " cDAB x A x A ( N A " N B ") Same formula for mass and molar rewritten cDAB dx A NA " 1 x A dx dx A solve for dx seperation d cDAB dx A 0 ( ) dx 1 x A dx cDAB dx A c1 1 x A dx cDAB c1 x c2 1 xA c1 cDAB 1 x A0 ln L 1 x Al

4 DAB A(C A 2 C A1 ) NA 1 1 r2 r1 Mass diffusion equation dM s M in M out M gen dt d 2 p A d 2 p A d 2 p A nAg 1 dp A dx 2 dy 2 dz 2 DAB DAB dt p A p * mA , c A Cx A Formula can be converted for the information that is given Two boundary conditions are needed mostly x = 0 and x=L are used Only 1-D problems d 2cA N A 1 dc A 2 dx DAB DAB dt assume steady state d 2cA N A 0 dx 2 DAB assume no chemical reaction d 2cA 1 dc A dx 2 DAB dt assume no chemical reaction and steady state d cA 0 dx 2
2

c2 c A1 ln r1

cA (r ) (

c A 2 c A1 c c ) ln r c A1 ln r1 A 2 A1 r r ln 2 ln 2 r1 r1

dc A c A 2 c A1 1 ( ) r dr r ln 2 r1 NA " c A 2 c A1 DAB ( ) r r ln 2 r1

Steady-state, no chemical reactions, 1-d, spherical dc A )0 dr c1 r2 c c A (r ) 1 c2 r c A1 c A 2 c1 1 1 r2 r1 c2 c A1 1 c A1 c A 2 r1 1 1 r2 r1 d 2 (r dr dc A dr

cA (r )

c A1 c A 2 1 1 c A1 c A 2 c 1 1 r A1 r1 1 1 r2 r1 r2 r1

dc A c c 1 A1 A 2 2 1 1 r dr r2 r1 NA " c A1 c A 2 DAB 1 1 r2 r2 r1

c2 cDAB ln(1 x A0 )

Evaporation Raoult ' s Law PA (0) PAsat x A (0) PA (0) RT Henry ' s Law 1 x A (0) ( ) PA (0), H Henry ' s constant H S solubility coefficient, has to be given Chemical reactions Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Heterogeneous - different phases, requires catalyst Homogeneous - same phase Heterogeneous - mathematically same as type II BC EX : Heterogeneous c A (0) N A "( x 0) kc A ( x 0) from, x 0toL BC1: c A ( x L) c AL known d cA 0 dx 2 dc BC 2 : DAB A kc A ( x 0) dx x 0 c A ( x) c1 x c2 c1 c2 k c2 DAB c AL kL 1 DAB kc AL kL DAB (1 ) DAB x c AL kL 1 DAB
2

Homogenous , zeroth, cylindrical N 1 d dc ( r A ) Ag 0 r dr dr DAB BC1: c A (r R ) c A1 r dc A N Ag r 2 c1 dr DAB 2

Time dependence,semi-infinte system d 2cA 1 dc A 2 dx DAB dt Initial Condition : c A ( x, t 0) c A,i Type 1 Boundary Condition 1:c A ( x 0, t ) c A, s Boundary Condition 2:c A ( x , t ) c A,i c A ( x, t ) c A , s c A ,i c A, s erf ( x ) 2 DAB t x 2 DAB t

dc A N Ag r c1 dr DAB 2 r cA (r ) c1 0 cA (r ) N Ag r 2 c2 4 N Ag R 2 4 DAB 4 c A1 N Ag R 2 4 DAB N Ag r 2 4 c1 ln r c2

c A ( x, t ) c A,0 (c A,i c A,0 )erf

c2 c A1 cA (r )

N Ag r 2

All data on erf can be found on Table B.2 in the appendix of the book NA DAB A x2 *(c A,0 c A,i )erf 4 DAB t DAB t

Homogeneous,1st order , planer N Ag K1C A C A can be easily converted to the units provided bottom boundary, impermeable dc typeII : A 0 dx x L d 2 c A K1C A 0 dx 2 DAB BC1: c A ( x 0) c A1 dc A 0 dx x L Second order Differential Equation k m2 1 DAB BC 2 : c A ( x ) c1e
mx

Time dependent Initial Condition : c A ( x, t 0) c A,0 Type 2 Boundary Condition 1: dc A N A *" dx x 0 Boundary Condition 2: DAB c A ( x , t ) c A,0 DAB t N A *" 4 DABt c A ( x, t ) 2 ( )e DAB c A ,i ( N A *" x x )(1 erf ) DAB 2 DAB t
x2

c A ( x)

kc AL NA " kL 1 DAB k 0, rapid diffusion, small consumption DAB k 1,slow diffusion, rapid consumption DAB Homogeneous reaction, zeroth order, planer N Ag either consumed of produced l l x to 2 2 d 2 c A N Ag 0 dx 2 DAB l l BC1: c A ( x ) c A1 , BC 2 : c A ( x ) c A1 2 2 dc A N Ag x c1 dx DAB c A ( x) c1 0 c2 c A1 N Ag 2 DAB ( L2 x2 ) 4 N Ag 2 DAB c1 x c2

c2 e

mx

BC1: c1 c2 c A1 c1 c A1 c2 BC 2 : c1e mx c2 e mx (c A1 c2 )e ml c2 e ml 0 c2 c e ml c A1e ml ml e e 2 cosh( ml )

A1 ml

c1 c A1

c A1e ml 2 cosh( ml ) e ml )e mx 2 cosh( ml )

c A ( x ) c A1 (1

N A " N Ag ( x)

c A1 e mx 2 cosh( ml ) cosh( m(1 x)) c A ( x ) c A1 cosh( ml )