You are on page 1of 3

CCDA Resumen cap.

1 -Network Fundamentals Review 1960s and 70s before pc was invented, company would have only one central. 1981 IBM PC was released, it was the main key to support the intoduction of the network. The term network is used in many ways. For example, people network with one anot her, telephones are networked in the public telephone system, and data networks conne ct different computers. These uses of the term have a common thread: Networks make it possibl e for people or devices to communicate with each other. An internetwork is a collection of individual networks connected by networking d evices and that function as a single large network. The public Internet is the most common exampleit is a single network that connects millions of computers. Internetworking refers to the industry and products that are involved in the design, implementation, and admin istration of internetworks. -OSI MODEL Its a standard of a created list of requiered functions to connect and interact in the network. 7.Application 6.Presentation 5.Session 4.Transport 3.Network 2.Data Link 1.Physical -Protocols is a set of rules. -The OSI Layer Description Physical LayerLayer 1 The OSI physical layer defines specifications such as the electrical and mechani cal conditions necessary for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link betwee n devices. Specifications include voltage levels, maximum cable lengths, connector types, a nd maximum data rates. The physical layer is concerned with the binary transmission of data . This binary data is represented as bits (which is short for binary digits). A bit has a single bi nary value, either 0 or 1. Data Link LayerLayer 2

Layer 2, the data link layer, defines the format of data that is to be transmitt ed across the physical network. It indicates how the physical medium is accessed, including physical ad dressing, error handling, and flow control. The data link layer sends frames of data; different media have different types of frames. A frame is a defined set of data that includes addressing and control informatio n and is transmitted between network devices. A frame can contain a header field (in fron t of the data) and a trailer field (after the data); these two fields are said to frame the data. Network LayerLayer 3 which allows data to be properly forwarded across a logical internetwork (consis ting of multiple physical networks). Layer 3 protocols include routed and routing protocols. The routing protocols de termine the best path that should be used to forward the routed data through the internetwork to its destin ation. The network layer sends datagrams (or packets); different routed protocols have different types of datagrams. Transport LayerLayer 4 is concerned with end-to-end connections between the source and the destination. The transport layer provides network services to the upper layers. Connection-oriented reliable transport establishes a logical connection and uses sequence numbers to ensure that all data is received at the destination. Connectionless b est-effort transport just sends the data and relies on upper-layer error detection mechanisms to repo rt and correct problems. Reliable transport has more overhead than best-effort transport. Best-effort delivery means that the protocol will not check to see whether the d ata was delivered intact; a higher-level protocol, or the end user, must confirm that th e data was delivered correctly. A segment is a defined set of data that includes control information and is sent between the transport layers of the sender and receiver of the data. Upper Layers.Layers 5 Through 7 From the lower layers f perspective, the three upper layers represent the data tha t must be transmitted from the source to the destination; the network typically neither kn ows nor cares about the contents of these layers. For completeness, the following briefly describes

the functions of these layers: The session layer, Layer 5, is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and ter minating communication sessions between applications running on different hosts. The presentation layer, Layer 6, specifies the format, data structure, coding, co mpression, and other ways of representing the data to ensure that information sent from one hos t fs application layer can be read by the destination host. Finally, the application layer, Layer 7, is the closest to the end user; it inter acts directly with software applications that need to communicate over the network.

You might also like