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Need for Blood Bank

As a blood transfusion service deals with different functions related to donors and patients, it is imperative to keep in mind the safety of both donors and recipients. The blood transfusion service has to be planned and organized in such a way that it fulfils its ideal aims and objectives i.e. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Recruitment of blood donors - voluntary & replacement Care of donor, donated unit and the recipient Maintain adequate blood stock Provide clinically effective blood components Optimal use of available blood

In India, blood transfusion services are mostly hospital-based. In a hospital-based blood transfusion service, each hospital runs its own blood collection programme with or without central regulation. This system utilizes existing institutions and does not require creation of separate blood transfusion centres. As the organization of voluntary blood donation in hospital-based system is usually unsatisfactory, replacement donors form the main source of blood supply in the hospital. Replacement donors are usually friends and family members of the patient and are under pressure to donate blood. A voluntary donor system is far more satisfactory as there is no compulsion and the donor is motivated to donate blood. Different aspects of a blood transfusion service that need organization are

Utilization of space assigned or planning of premises of a blood transfusion centre / service Requirement of staff Procurement, standardization and maintenance of equipment, reagents and other consummables Donor recruitment and motivation programme Autologous donor programme Donor blood collection Laboratory procedures o serological techniques o screening for transfusion - transmitted diseases Documentation and record maintenance Implementation of quality assurance scheme Inventory control, storage and transportation Biosafety guidelines Medicolegal aspects - Licensing from Drug Controller of India (DCI) Continuing education, training and teaching for medical, technical, nursing and other paramedical staff Research and development in Transfusion Medicine Formulation of Hospital transfusion committee and conducting medical audits.

Guidelines foDonor Blood Collection

Blood collection is the most important function of transfusion service and its organization must be given proper attention. Donor blood collection may be carried out in hospital-based blood transfusion centre or outdoor mobile blood collection camps. Efforts should be made to make the experience of blood donation as pleasant as possible for the blood donor. A pleasant atmosphere for blood donation will encourage donors to relax and help in eliminating their anxieties. Personnel involved in donor blood collection should be polite, courteous and friendly, as well as efficient and professional. Donor registration comprising of information about each donor that makes tracing and calling them back possible should be obtained and recorded at the time of donation. A stringent and critical donor selection criteria should be used for proper donor screening. The criteria include a brief medical history, physical examination and preliminary laboratory testing (haemoglobin/haematocrit), based on which donors are selected or deferred. ABO grouping of the donor before blood donation is optional but it must be followed by a repeat ABO grouping by a standard grouping procedure after the blood donation. Blood Collection should be preferrably done in closed plastic collection bag system and as far as possible use of glass bottle should be avoided due to the risk of breakage and infection. As the glass bottles are an open-system for blood collection, these are more prone to bacterial contamination. The blood collection bag should be inspected for any possible defects, i.e. leaks, breaks, change of colour of anticoagulant, etc. It should be placed on a weighing balance to collect accurate volume of blood. A correct venepuncture method should be followed for blood collection. Adequate donor care should be given during and after blood donation. Donor must be thanked for his contribution and encouraged to donate again. Donor identification and labelling of donor unit are very important at the time of venepuncture. Adverse donor reactions should be attended to immediately by the medical and nursing team. Instructions for handling adverse donor reactions whether mild or severe must be available to the concerned staff members. A donor with adverse reactions should be isolated from the prospective donors to avoid apprehension and anxiety.

A complete donor record, donor deferral record, donor adverse reaction record and any abnormality detected on subsequent laboratory testing must be recorded. r clinical use of blood and blood components

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