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Agenda What are the 7 layers of connectivity What is an IP address What are the different class of IP address Subnet

mask Root directories What is DSL What is modem What is the functionality of each light on the modem What is a switch Define a router Difference between router & Switch

7 layers of Networking Layer 1 PHYSICAL Layer 2 DATA-LINK Layer 3 NETWORK Layer 4 TRANSPORT Layer 5 SESSION Layer 6 PRESENTATION Layer 7 APPLICATION

Layers of Networking Physical Layer -The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel though hubs, wires (cat5UTP), modems, network cards basically anything that is physical to the network. THE DATA-LINK LAYER -The data link layer takes raw transmission and transform it into a line that appears free of transmission errors in the network layer THE NETWORK LAYER -The network layer is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet. A ROUTER is used to determining how packets are routed from source to destination

THE TRANSPORT LAYER -The transport layer DIRECTS PACKETS, splits it up into smaller units if need be, pass these to the network and ensure that the pieces are travelling in an orderly fashion. THE SESSION LAYER -The session layer allows different machines to establish sessions between themselves THE PRESENTATION LAYER -The Presentation Layers job is managing data restructures and converting from the representation used inside the computer to the network standard representation an visa versa THE APPLICATION LAYER -The Application layer contains a variety of protocols that are commonly required. Another Application layer function is file transfer. Different file systems have different file naming conventions, different ways of representing text lines, and so on

What is an IP Address InternetProtocol Address (or IP Address) -is an unique address that computing devices use to identify itself and communicate with other devices in the Internet Protocol network. Any device connected to the IP network must have an unique IP address within its network. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify a network device to deliver mail message, or call ("view") a website Public IP Address for global useEx Yahoo.com -http://98.139.183.24/Google http://74.125.236.216/Private IP For company/individual use onlyEx Can be any IP range which is used internally by Aerosoft Indore

Classes of IP Address Class A-This class is for very large networks, such as a major international company might have. IP addresses with a first octet from 1 to 126 are part of this class. Class B-This class is used for medium-sized networks. A good example is a large college campus. IP addresses with a first octet from 128 to 191 are part of this class. Class C-Class C addresses are commonly used for small to mid-size businesses. IP addresses with a first octet from 192 to 223 are part of this class. Subnet Mask Subnettingan IP network is to separate a big network into smaller multiple networks for reorganization and security purposes.Performance of a network is adversely affected under heavy traffic load due to collisions and retransmissions.Applying a subnet mask to an IP address separates network address from host address.

DSL Digital Subscriber Line An advance version of a dial up connection Modem A modem is adeviceor programthat enables acomputerto transmitdataover, for example, telephone or cable lines.There are different kinds of modems available in the market like LAN modem and Wifi Modems

Switches Switchesare a fundamental part of most networks. Switches enable several users to send information over a network. Users can send the information at the same time and do not slow each other down. Just like routers allow different networks to communicate with each other, switches allow differentnodesof a network to communicate directly with each other. A node is a network connection point, typically a computer. Switches allow the nodes to communicate in a smooth and efficient manner. Routers Routersare physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together. Technically, a wired or wireless router is a Layer 3gateway, meaning that the wired/wireless router connects networks (as gateways do), and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model.

Basic difference between Router and Switch Arouteris a more sophisticated network device than either aswitchor ahub. Like hubs and switches, network routers are typically small, box-like pieces of equipment that multiple computers can connect to. Each features a number of "ports" the front or back that provide the connection points for these computers, a connection for electric power, and a number of LED lights to display device status. While routers, hubs and switches all share similar physical appearance, routers differ substantially in their inner working

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