Nicole Khachikian Period 4

Effects of Radiation on the Human Body

Hair
The losing of hair quickly and in clumps occurs with radiation exposure at 200 rems or higher.

Brain
Since brain cells do not reproduce, they won't be damaged directly unless the exposure is 5,000 rems or greater. Like the heart, radiation kills nerve cells and small blood vessels, and can cause seizures and immediate death.

Thyroid
The certain body parts are more specifically affected by exposure to different types of radiation sources. The thyroid gland is susceptible to radioactive iodine. In sufficient amounts, radioactive iodine can destroy all or part of the thyroid. By taking potassium iodide, one can reduce the effects of exposure.

Blood System
When a person is exposed to around 100 rams, the blood's lymphocyte cell count will be reduced, leaving the victim more susceptible to infection. This is often referred to as mild radiation sickness. Early symptoms of radiation sickness mimic those of flu and may go unnoticed unless a blood count is done. According to data from Hiroshima and Nagaski, show that symptoms may persist for up to 10 years and may also have an increased long-term risk for leukemia and lymphoma.

Heart
Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to 5,000 rems would do immediate damage to small blood vessels and probably cause heart failure and death directly.

Gastrointestinal Tract
Radiation damage to the intestinal tract lining will cause nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhea. This is occurs when the victim's exposure is 200 rems or more. The radiation will begin to destroy the cells in the body that divide rapidly. These including blood, GI tract, reproductive and hair cells, and harm their DNA and RNA of surviving cells.

Reproductive Tract
Because reproductive tract cells divide rapidly, these areas of the body can be damaged at rem levels as low as 200. Longterm, some radiation sickness victims will become sterile.

(From www.atomicarchive.com)

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station located near Prypiat, Ukraine. The plant has had 3 major accidents, the first one being a partial core meltdown in 1982. The second was on April 26, 1986, considered to be the worst nuclear accident in history. Large quantities of radioactive fuel and core materials were dispersed into the atmosphere when reactor four had a significant power increase; the radiation cloud spread as far away as Norway. In 1991, a fire broke out in the turbine hall of Reactor 2. Hydrogen was leaked in the turbine hall which is what caused the fire. December 15, 2000 the last reactor was shut down and the plant was decommissioned completely.

Medical Use of Radiation

A cone-beam CT scanner is a new advancement for dentists and orthodontists who use it to photograph 3-D images of teeth, roots, jaw, and skull. Although the cone-beam has been described as a safe new device that allows dentists to examine patients with more precision, it has been discovered that it actually emits more radiation than conventional methods.

Citations

"Effects of Radiation on the Human Body." atomicarchive. N.p.. Web. 12 Dec 2012. <http://www.atomicarchive.com/Effects/radeffects.shtml>.

. N.p.. Web. 12 Dec 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/us/23scan.html?hp>.

"Chernobyl Disaster." <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster>.