Green Management

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies
Vol.2 Issue 3, March 2012, ISSN 2249 8834 Online available at http://zenithresearch.org.in/
AN OVERVIEW GREEN MANAGEMENT & THE CURRENT ISSUES IN INDIA

J.S.SHANMUGANATHAN*; S.THIRIVENI SRIPRIYA**; A.S.SATHISH KUMAR***; C.VINOD KUMAR****
*Associate Professor, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, K.S.R.School of Management, Tiruchengode, Namakkal - 637215, Tamilnadu, India. ** Assistant Professor, Jansons School of Business, Karumattampatti, Coimbatore - 641659, Tamilnadu, India. *** Assistant Professor, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, K.S.R.School of Management, Tiruchengode, Namakkal - 637215, Tamilnadu, India. **** Assitant Professor, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, K.S.R.School of Management, Tiruchengode, Namakkal - 637215, Tamilnadu, India.
ABSTRACT Global warming? Ozone layer getting diffused? Air pollution, Deficiency in oxygen? Poor Water resource? Poor Agricultural reformation? Diseases? Like this we have many questions to be answered but we are unanswerable and we do not have any answer or permanent solution. In the current global economy, business and trading playing a crucial role in determine and distinguish the national wealth and income like GNI, GDP and FDI. Every country want to encourage and motivate all the business opportunities either internally or externally and also ready to accept and motivate the ideas given by the business people, corporate and individuals. To win and excel in the business we human being were forget all the fundamentals and nature of living which was taken care by our natural resources like Agriculture, Rainfall and Climatic condition. Agriculture needs a good soil, natural fertilizer and water resources. Now a day the natural rainy season is failing due to Global warming. For human living comfort we have started destroying all the natural resources like forest and its dense tree, maximization of transportation which emits carbon di oxide spoiling the air and creating huge air pollution because of this air pollution and Industrialization where yielding lot of waste material and create noise and land pollution. This paper analyzing and planning to speak about the Green Management to be maintain or balance for a harmony to run the business continuously without demolishing the natural
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resources. Every country taking some steps for implementing green business to save their existing natural resources but still developing countries like India, Brazil, Russia are facing lot of problem on various factors. Sustaining and developing the natural resource is a biggest challenge in this competitive environment for developing countries. An effective practice of green management will help for their sustainability. KEYWORDS: Green Business, Green Environment, Green Management & Green Technology. ______________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Globally, every country has its own resources but it differs from the effective utilization of those resources. Resources are vital for creating any type of product and services in the world. As world population are increasing year by year, resources requirements also increasing at higher rate. People in the world need lot of innovative products for satisfying their needs and wants. These products are created with a better technology and effective techniques, which makes every business organization to enrich their infrastructure, machinery and equipment for effective and efficient usage of resources. The modern trend of business is changing with defect free environment by focusing their outcome with eco friendly nature. Green business management is used in business and business practices for making an environmental oriented process, product and services. GREEN MANAGEMENT WHAT AND WHY? In 21st century, many companies wants to integrate their business practices along with environment and make the society to rethink about their basic requirements. Environment is a source which gives all needed resources such as air, water, land etc., for a society. The resources are used to create various products by undergoing series of process which yield to new product, but at the same time lot of waste materials generated in each process and emission of gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur - dioxide, nitrogen -di -oxide will affects the atmosphere and ozone layer which leads to global warming, climatic changes and volcanic explosion. To avoid this natural changes an effective managing of green environment is needed. This will create eco friendly products with decomposing nature, recycling of waste material, proper maintenance of equipments, reducing the emission of green house gases and energy utilization. Green management reveals that the companies and people should work together for using environmental products and compensate their needs by conserve the resources for future generation. In current scenario, every country are competing each other for developing their economy, this affects normal life cycle of all living beings in the world. Some countries like Finland, Iceland, Japan, Switzerland etc., are taking severe steps in managing the resources with green business management practices, but most of the countries like India, China, United States etc., are struggling hard to maintain their environment without pollution. The inability of those countries is due to various impact factors such as demographic, industrial, technological. Globally population is the biggest setback. Entire globe is facing lot of problem because of the drastic growth in population. India is leading and No.2 in population in the globe. In such
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circumstance highly populated country like India and China facing lot of problems in green management. The table is showing the growth of Indian population in detail. CENSUSES OF INDIA, 1901-2011 Change in Population Census Years 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Population 238,396,327 252,093,390 251,321,213 278,977,238 318,660,580 361,088,090 439,234,771 548,159,652 683,329,097 846,421,039 1,028,737,436 1,210,193,422 Between Censuses 13,697,063 -772,177 27,656,025 39,683,342 42,427,510 78,146,681 108,924,881 135,169,445 163,091,942 182,316,397 181,455,986 Percent Change Between Censuses 5.8 -0.03 11.0 14.2 13.3 21.6 24.8 24.7 23.9 21.5 17.6 Annual Growth Rate (percent) 0.6 0 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.6 www.zenithresearch.org.in
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MAHATMA GANDHI ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Mahatma Gandhi had said that nature has enough to satisfy everyones need but has not enough to satisfy mans greed. Sadly our ever-expanding greed has put us in such precarious situation. Will we realize it? The policy of industrialization had helped rich to become richer and poor become poorer. The disparity has widened. It is the democratic system followed in the country which has forced our policy-makers to think of growth for all. That is why we are hearing plans for inclusive growth. Industrialization is not without price. All these have a direct bearing on environmental pollution leading to climatic change. We are all witness to the deleterious effects of climate change. The whole world is now anxious to repair the damage. In current scenario, urban population are more where people living in compact manner and complex work timings which force them to use lot of home appliances for their comfort living and quick access. Every home appliance is utilized based on electricity and requirement is more. To meet out this requirement government encourage in producing electricity with various sources like thermal, nuclear, hydel, solar, wind and biogas. The negative effects of thermal and nuclear power plants are more whereas solar, wind and biogas needs huge investment but limited output. Hydel power plant purely depends on water level in the dam and reservoir. In India, population is the crucial factor for destruction of natural resources. People in the modernized world need to fill the basic needs like food, cloth and shelter according to their comfort zone. These basic needs are fulfilled with different varieties of products and services. Apart from the basic needs people are keen in earning money for developing their status; differentiate themselves from the competitive environment. They want to show their uniqueness in the society by a means of well flourished house with well branded cars and luxury items. The resources like forest, land, water, energy, minerals are used at higher rate for building construction, interior designing, house hold components, transportation, industrial machinery, and infrastructure development for public. Agriculture is the back bone of our country but now a days most of the people are willing to work in IT/ITES companies where higher salaries are paid. The government also wants foreign companies to start their business because of employment opportunities and develop their economy with less poverty ratio. The initiation taken by government to create place for companies as SPICOT, SEZ, Road expansion etc., where agricultural land are acquired and utilized for industrial purpose. Agricultural production is getting down trend because of uneven climatic condition, global warming, rainfall deficiency, inadequate quantity of fertilizer and seeds, reducing underground water level, improper government subsidiaries for agricultural products, unwillingness of younger generation which induce farmers mindset to sell the agricultural land and make them to migrate towards urban areas for good earnings. POPULATION VS GREEN ENVIRONMENT WITH IMPACT FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: CARBON EMISSION Indias per capita carbon dioxide emissions will increase by nearly three-fold to 3.5 tons by 2030, the Economic Survey 2009-10 said earlier this week.Indias Five Year Plan includes a strategy for sustainable growth resulting in low-carbon sustainable development. The eleventh
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Five Year Plan includes an indicative target of increasing energy efficiency by 20 percent by 2016-17, according to the survey that was tabled in Parliament. According to the Planning Commissions estimates, emission intensity declined by 17.6 percent between 1990 and 2005, and a further 20-25 percent reduction is possible from 2005 to 2020, it added. Its (Indias) climate modeling studies show that its per capita emissions will be around 2 2.5 tons of carbon-dioxide equivalent by 2020 and around 3-3.5 tons of carbon-dioxide equivalent by 2030, compared to 1-1.2 tons presently, the Survey reports. PLASTIC BAGS Maharashtra, Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Goa and West Bengal. The above ban may/should follow to be implemented in other states in India also and in many more countries in the world. Plastic wastes when disposed off still remain in the environment being nonbiodegradable and pollute the environment and cause health risks including the deadly diseasecancer". (Read more: Use of "Plastic Bags" banned in some states in India) AIR POLLUTION - COURTESY NASA The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a rapidly growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to more than one billion people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the countrys natural resources. Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land degradation are all worsening problems. Overexploitation of the country's resources is it land or water and the industrialization process has resulted environmental degradation of resources. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. AIR POLLUTION The World Health Organization estimates that about two million people die prematurely every year as a result of air pollution, while many more suffer from breathing ailments, heart disease, lung infections and even cancer. Fine particles or microscopic dust from coal or wood fires and unfiltered diesel engines are rated as one of the most lethal forms or air pollution caused by industry, transport, household heating, cooking and ageing coal or oil-fired power stations. There are four reasons of air pollution are - emissions from vehicles, thermal power plants, industries and refineries. The problem of indoor air pollution in rural areas and urban slums has increased. COAL POLLUTION Indias environmental problems are exacerbated by its heavy reliance on coal for power generation. "More than 80 per cent of energy is produced from coal, a fuel that emits a high amount of carbon and greenhouse gases." On April 12, 2011 the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has tightened pollution monitoring norms for power projects with a generation capacity of 500 Mw and above, integrated steel plants with a capacity of 1 million tons per annum and cement plants with a capacity of 3 million tons per annum.
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POLLUTING INDUSTRIAL UNITS Industrial growth creates big impact on various fields like economy, people lifestyle, transportation, infrastructure and technology. As the lifestyle of people changes, needs and wants of people also changed to fulfill this needs and wants industries used modern technologies in the form of machinery for mass, batch and job production, equipments, process for avoiding unwanted wastage and deliver to customer on time. The demand increases every year make industries to expand and develop their infrastructure by which create employment opportunity and economy growth for a country. Industries use transportation for maintaining their supply chain and delivery system. Every aspects of industrial growth is depend on one another for satisfying the customer but it destroys all natural resources which is an essential source of living for the same customer. On May 26, 2011 the Haryana State Pollution Control Board has ordered closure of 639 polluting industrial units in 2010-11 and directed the highly polluting industries to set up continuous online monitoring stations to ensure compliance of standards of air emissions. The Government has launched prosecution against 151 polluting units in the Special Environment Courts in Faridabad and Kurukshetra, and made 9,239 units install pollution control devices. AIRCRAFT POLLUTANTS According to a study published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology (EST) in the first week of October 2010, almost 8,000 people will die due to aircraft pollutants this year, and 3,500 of them would be from India and China. VEHICLE EMISSIONS Vehicle emissions are responsible for 70% of the countrys air pollution. The major problem with government efforts to safeguard the environment has been enforcement at the local level, not with a lack of laws. Air pollution from vehicle exhaust and industry is a worsening problem for India. Exhaust from vehicles has increased eight-fold over levels of twenty years ago; industrial pollution has risen four times over the same period. The economy has grown two and a half times over the past two decades but pollution control and civil services have not kept pace. Air quality is worst in big cities like Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, etc. www.zenithresearch.org.in INDOOR AIR POLLUTION Indoor air pollution is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India, says a prevalence study conducted by Pune based Chest Research Foundation (CRF) and the Imperial College, London in November 2010. Over 700 million people in India suffer from high levels of indoor air pollution affecting women and young children as 75 per cent homes use biomass fuel like wood, crop residue and dung cakes. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is working to understand how exposures to environmental agents trigger diseases such as Asthma, and these diseases can be prevented, diagnosed and treated. Additionally, the NIEHS is developing and testing new technologies to help determine environmental triggers and reduce asthma symptoms.
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RIVER WATER POLLUTION Contaminated and polluted water now kills more people than all forms of violence including wars. According to the report titled "Sick Water" ?- 90 percent of wastewater discharged daily in developing countries is untreated, contributing to the deaths of some 2.2 million people a year from diarrheal diseases caused by unsafe drinking water and poor hygiene. At least 1.8 million children younger than 5 die every year were getting disease from waterrelated diseases. Fully 80 percent of urban waste in India ends up in the country's rivers, and unchecked urban growth across the country combined with poor government oversight means the problem is only getting worse. A growing number of bodies of water in India are unfit for human use, and in the River Ganga, holy to the country's 82 percent Hindu majority, is dying slowly due to unchecked pollution. GROUNDWATER EXPLOITATION Groundwater exploitation is a serious matter of concern today and legislations and policy measures taken till date, by the state governments (water is a state subject) have not had the desired effect on the situation.According to the World Health Organization on World Water Day 2011, on March 22, 2011 each year, an estimated four billion people get sick with diarrhea as a result of drinking unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene. Nearly two million people die from diarrhea each year, and many of them children under the age of five, poor, and living in the developing world. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Indias urban population slated to increase from the current 330 million to about 600 million by 2030, the challenge of managing municipal solid waste (MSW) in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner is bound to assume gigantic proportions. The country has over 5,000 cities and towns, which generate about 40 million tons of MSW per year today. Going by estimates of The Energy Research Institute (TERI), this could well touch 260 million tons per year by 2047. Municipal solid waste is solid waste generated by households, commercial establishments and offices and does not include the industrial or agricultural waste. Municipal solid waste management is more of an administrative and institutional mechanism failure problem rather than a technological one. Until now, MSW management has been considered to be almost the sole responsibility of urban governments, without the participation of citizens and other stakeholders. The Centre and the Supreme Court, however, have urged that this issue be addressed with multiple stakeholder participation. Cities in India spend approximately 20% of the city budget on solid waste services. POLLUTION DUE TO MINING New Delhi-based Center for Science and Environment (CSE) on December 29, 2007 said mining was causing displacement, pollution, forest degradation and social unrest. According to the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) report the top 50 mineral producing districts, as many as 34 falls under the 150 most backward districts identified in the country.
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The CSE report has made extensive analysis of environment degradation and pollution due to mining, wherein it has said, in 2005-06 alone 1.6 billion tons of waste and overburden from coal, iron ore, limestone and bauxite have added to environment pollution. With the annual growth of mining at 10.7 per cent and 500-odd mines awaiting approval of the Centre, the pollution would increase manifold in the coming years. POLLUTION DUE TO BIOMEDICAL WASTE Pollution due to biomedical waste is likely to spread disease dangerous to life and making atmosphere noxious to health. In early April, 2010 a machine from Delhi University containing cobalt-60, a radioactive metal used for radiotherapy in hospitals, ended up in a scrap yard in the city. The death from radiation poisoning of a scrap yard worker in Delhi has highlighted the lax enforcement of waste disposal laws in India. The International Atomic Energy Agency said it was the worst radiation incident worldwide in four years. India being used as a dumping ground for hazardous waste, from foreign countries. Twenty containers with goods were detained by the officials of Special Intelligence and Investigation Branch attached to the Customs Department here recently. Packs of broken toys, used diapers, empty perfume bottles, used battery cells, thermocool, used aluminum foil packing materials and colored surgical gloves were found in the containers. It could also lead to contamination and spread of communicable diseases. POLLUTION DUE TO E-WASTE The UNEP report "Recycling from E-Waste to Resources" was released on the Indonesian island of Bali on February 22, 2010 at the start of a week-long meeting of officials and environmentalists. According to the report's authors by 2020 e-waste in South Africa and China will have jumped by 200-400 per cent from 2007 level, and by 500 per cent in India. India produces about 3,80,000 tons of e-Waste per annum, which includes only the waste generated out of television sets, mobile phones and PCs, a major chunk of which comes from organizations. E-waste produced in India includes over 100,000 tons from refrigerators, 275,000 tons from TVs, 56,300 tons from personal computers, 4,700 tons from printers and 1,700 tons from mobile phones. The un- organized recycling sector which fails to practice eco-friendly eWaste recycling methods release large amount of toxic chemicals. The toxic gases and the large volume of Electronic Waste Adds environmental Pollution in India GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS India emits the fifth most carbon of any country in the world. At 253 million metric tons, only the U.S., China, Russia, and Japan surpassed its level of carbon emissions in 1998. Carbon emissions have grown nine-fold over the past forty years. In this Industrial Age, with the ever-expanding consumption of hydrocarbon fuels and the resultant increase in carbon dioxide emissions, those greenhouse gas concentrations have reached levels causing climate change. Going forward, carbon emissions are forecast to grow 3.2% per annum until 2020. To put this in perspective, carbon emissions levels are estimated to increase by 3.9% for China and by 1.3% for the United States. www.zenithresearch.org.in
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POLLUTION OF INDIAN SEAS The innovative products available in the market are utilized effectively and efficiently by a customers and industries without knowing their recycling process. Each and every time product variety are changing whereas unknowing of recycling process will result in inventory of existing product. This inventory will not only occupy space at the same time wastage of resources is causing various problems such as land and water pollution. For example shipping companies uses their tank for carrying petroleum products from one place to another after delivering that product they filling half a tank of water for sailing their ships in safety manner, again they mix that water in an ocean which will affect the water animals and increase the level of carbonate in water. The recycling processes of all products are not possible and the companies also not interested to find solution for it. Two merchant vessels -- MSC Chitra and Khalijia-III collided off the Mumbai coast on August 7, 2010 causing an oil spill. Several containers from one of the vessels fell into the sea. Nearly 100 containers that fell into the waters following the collision between two merchant vessels off the Mumbai coast are still missing and two of them are carrying hazardous chemicals reported on August 17, 2010. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CHRONIC DISEASES Environmental pollution and chronic diseases has been globally recognized that environmental factors have important links with infectious as well as non-infectious diseases of both acute and chronic nature. The WHO estimates that 24 per cent of global disease burden and 23 per cent of all deaths can be attributed to environmental factors. The burden is more on the developing than the developed countries. In developing countries, an estimated 42 per cent of acute lower respiratory infections are caused by environmental factors. POLLUTION DUE TO DISTILLERIES The distillery sector is one of the seventeen categories of major polluting industries in India. These units generate large volume of dark brown colored wastewater, which is known as? spent wash?. Spent wash contains high organic pollutants such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 85000 to 95,000 mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - 45,000 to 60,000 mg/l and Chemical Oxygen Demand 80,000 to 1, 20,000 mg/l. Thus, the distillery wastewater causes serious pollution problems in the recipient water bodies when discharged, resulting in depletion of dissolved oxygen in water and adverse affect on aquatic life, fish, phytoplankton etc. Also, it pollutes groundwater and drinking water when discharged on land. Application of distillery wastewater for irrigation of crops causes soil pollution i.e. salinity. In the world, developing countries are investing more for their economy growth by changing various policies such as FDI, EXIM, Internal taxation etc. These changes make other countries business organization to start their business with existing companies or expansion of business beyond boundaries which provide an opportunity for increasing their wealth. The developing countries enjoy these benefits as an employment opportunity for their people and
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revenue for their country. In a country like India, population is a source which attracts most of companies to invest and do business continuously. The government also supports foreign investment in all fields. Indian population has an advantage of younger generation with well qualified knowledge and different specialization in various fields. The government is a policy maker for each and every aspects of a economy development. After globalization lot of international standards for environment are amended and make every country, companies and society to follow but country like India following certain rules and regulation on temporary basis and not implementing proper steps for continuous assessment and innovative projects for controlling the pollution. For example, the government has amended rainwater storage system in each and every home in Tamilnadu for the purpose of increasing ground water level but once government changes system also get demolished. CONCLUSION The world is going green and it appears that the United States is starting to get the message as well. We are collectively realizing that we do not have an unlimited amount of air or water or space to continue to utilize resources as we have done in the past. The pending concern over global warming merely serves as the central rallying point for an environmentally friendly movement that has been underway since at least the 1970s. One obvious way is that we can manage green projects more efficiently. Green project management is a model where we think green throughout our project and make decisions that take into account the impact on the environment if any. It is a way to ingrain green think into each and every project management process. The point about green project management is not that we make every decision in favor of the one that is most environmentally friendly. The point is that we start to take the environment into account instead of ignoring it. You might make most decisions the same as you do today. But there might be some decisions you would make differently. These different decisions, multiplied by tens of thousands each day across the world, can make a difference. REFERENCES "Green Trade & Development" (.html). Green Markets International, Inc. Retrieved January 2008. Belz F., Peattie K. (2009): Sustainability Marketing: A Global Perspective. John Wiley & Sons Curtin, Emily (2006-09-14). "Lower East Side Green Market". Retrieved January 2008. Karl E., Henion; Thomas C. Kinnear (January 1976). "Ecological Marketing". Ecological Marketing. American Marketing Association. pp. 168. ISBN 0877570760, ISBN 9780877570769. "Green Marketing: Challenges & Opportunities for the New Marketing Age". Retrieved 1206-2010.
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"Greenleaf publishing bookshop". Retrieved November 2010. "Green Marketing". Retrieved 2010-06-2010. Henion, K.E. (1981): Energy Usage and the Conserver Society: Review of the 1979 AMA Conference on Ecological Marketing. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, December 1981. Hanas, Jim (June 8, 2007). "Environmental Awareness Has Not Only Tipped in the Media -It's Hit Corporate Boardrooms as Well" (PDF). Advertising Age
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EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

AN OVERVIEW GREEN MANAGEMENT & THE CURRENT ISSUES IN INDIA

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies

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